Althusser: Repressive and Ideological State Apparatuses | Ideology
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 11 เม.ย. 2020
- Althusser: Repressive and Ideological State Apparatuses | Ideology
This is a brief discussion of Althusser’s famous essay on ideological and repressive state apparatuses with a detailed discussion of ideology.
Please watch the video after you read the essay itself. The Essay is often anthologized and can also be found in the following book:
Althusser. "Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays."
You can find a good discussion of Althusser's theorization of ideology in my following book:
Raja. "ISIS: Ideology, Symbolics and Counter Narratives." amzn.to/3fIFu2K
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#Althusser #ISASandRSAS #Ideology
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Love, love,loved this lecture, thank you
Thank you for your kind words. I am grateful!!
Sir , the way you discuss the ideas is appreciable. I have had a hard time understanding these theories. But now, I have a firm understanding of these core concepts.❤
Thank you.
Terrific video. Thank you for this explanation, as I’m reading the text now and this will help me engage with it much easier
You are welcome.
Thank you so much for this insightful lecture! This was what I exactly need ☺
You are welcome.
Exactly what I needed...very well explained 👍👍
Thank you.
I second everyone in the comments and say thankyou for this breakdown.
Thank you. You can now also download it as a podcast: anchor.fm/masood-raja/episodes/S1E74-Althusser-Repressive-and-Ideological-State-Apparatuses--Ideology-engbj3
I am applying these features on Mahesh Dattani's play. Thank you sir.
Great. I am glad this is of some use to you.
@@masoodraja sir i teach after listening from your lectures. Thank you so much for this wonderful opportunity.
Thank you. Yes, please feel free to use these videos for your teaching. I am delighted to know that these videos help you prepare for your teaching.
Never been so clear. Gracious of you, sir. ❤
Thank you. You are welcome.
Seriously this Lecture helps me a lot
Thank you.
@@masoodraja my pleasure sir
Fantastic Lecture
Thank you.
Sir you have deepltly knowledge
Thank you.
Great stuff
Thank you.
Thank you so much for the video. It's really helpful.
I'm currently doing my MPhil thesis and I want to apply Louis Althusser's theory but I'm a bit confused about the application. The novels I have selected focus on slavery in USA and racial and gender discrimination. The main focus of my thesis is how the Irrationality of racial and gender stereotypes is depicted in them. I wanted to ask can the oppression and slavery by the whites, be considered as hailing? And the slaves and women as subjects? Is the application of this theory in this sense okay? It will be really helpful if you reply and clear my confusion.
Thank you. I probably do not have the answer to that since you are working on a large project. I would recommend reading the full essay and then carefully read what he means by hailing and interpellation. Only a careful reading of Althusser will make it clear if it applies to your project and the best persons to guide you further are your advisors. It can work but then any piece of theory can work if you explain it well in your project.
@@masoodraja okay thank you so much.
Thank you so much for this tremendously helpful explanation! Would you mind elaborating on what you mean at 34:44 about analyzing "What hailing [a text] perform[s] when hailing subjects from the reader’s point of view"? I'm in the process of writing a grad paper taking an Althusserian approach to ideology in a novel, and I'm really struggling with it. This is a rather old video, so I'm definitely not expecting a response, but if you have the time to explain briefly, I really would appreciate it! Thanks again.
Hi. Thank you. Somewhere in this video should be an explanation of hailing and interpellation. That is what I am referring to, but you can also watch this brief video on hailing: th-cam.com/video/RQPO5Tzh2CU/w-d-xo.html
@@masoodraja Oh wow, what a fast reply! Thank you so much! I feel I understand hailing, what I'm specifically struggling with is the "when hailing subjects from the reader's point of view" part. Did you mean analyzing how hailing interpellates the reader (so a hint of reception theory?), or how hailing interpellates the characters within the narrative? (Or something else that I'm missing?) I think I'm correct in assuming both approaches can be taken without diverging from Althusser's model of ideology (do let me know if I'm wrong!), but I couldn't tell if you were referring to one or the other, or not specifying. Thank you for the link, though-Even if it does not answer this specific query of mine, it's exactly the kind of information I'm trying to absorb right now. :)
Hailing would be any form of address, but it will direct the reader or the listener to their own place in the world their own subjectivity. Thus, not having a high school diploma is a hail that points to a subject’s place within the mode of production.
@@masoodraja Got it, thank you! That's exactly what I needed. I hope you have a great rest of your day. :)
You are welcome.
this is really good....but cant see the links promised? thanks
Sorry. I will see which links I had promised. Was it a copy of the article?
sir plz upload on CRITICAL REALISM AND SOCIALIST REALISM BY GEORGE LUCKAS'
Thank you. I will see if I can record something in the future.
Thank you sooo much for this incredibly helpful video. Somewhere around minute 32 you mention:
"You can use this theorization of ideology to read any text and figure out: What kind of hailing does it perform on reading subjects from the reader’s point of view?"
Do you have any recommendations for research that has done just that? It would be tremendously helpful to see how people have applied it in practice.
And once again, thanks so much for this! This is amazing!
Thank you. I do not have any specific examples but any novel that you need as a potential reader. You can see how the content hails the reader. Please also watch my video on interpellation
@@masoodraja Thank you! 🙏
Can you plz give the link of the video where you discussed Lacan... I need it badly...
I have not discussed Lacan separately. But if you go to my playlist on Eagleton and watch the three videos on psychoanalysis, Lacan is discussed there within the context of Eagleton’s book.
Sir, what's the definition of individual in althusserian sense? Is it just an abstract construct? If we are always already subjects, then why is it necessary the concept of individual?
Sorry. There is no way I can answer that. Theory of subject and subjectivity is a complex subject and to know what Lacan means by it, please read Lacan. To know how Marx or Hegel define it, you will have to read them. Similarly, Foucault for his discussion. Answering such questions in comments is beyond my expertise or ability.
For Althusser we don’t become subjects but are already subjects of history when we are born.
Thanks
You are welcome
Hello Sir, I hope you are fine. Can you please explain Althusser's concept of "Respective Indices of Effectivity"? Thanks
Thank you. It is probably not a concept but a term he uses to discuss “determination in the last instance.” Please read the term in context and it will be clear what he means by it. I do not have the essay at hand, but if I reread it, I will probably record a video.
This is a good resource on this: publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft3n39n8x3&chunk.id=d0e683&toc.id=d0e369&brand=ucpress
@@masoodraja Thanks a lot Sir.
@@masoodraja Really a wonderful piece of work.
Sir, are you going to upload this on your Udemy course too?
I was not planning too but I might do that.
Added to the course.
ThankYou sir. 👍👍
Hello sir.
I request if you could explain how Althusser draws a distinction b/w "ideology" and "ideologies", where the former is ahistoric and the latter is historic? ... It's my exam tomorrow and I'm getting stuck at this( yet again).
Thank you. I am not certain about it but I think what he probably means is that an ideology itself has no history, as it is there and we cannot really trace its originary moment. Whereas we can compare varied ideologies historically. I will have to reread it to have a better answer.
@@masoodraja I understood what he means by ahistoric nature of ideology, but I'm finding it difficult to comprehend it in relation with "ideologies" as being historic.
Ideology is like the unconscious, it is always there, it is eternal. It becomes historical only after it is enacted by subjects. I got it ... but I am unable to comprehend what is the difference b/w "ideology" and "ideologies" in the first place.
Most importantly, I want to thank you yet again, for addressing my question.
@@irfahsabir Thank you. I guess you might have to do some research on this. Sadly, I do not have my books with me so I cannot delve into it.
Hello Sir, I hope you are fine. I am confused to understand the view of Althusser on "Ideology has no history" Can you please discuss the following lines which run as:
"It is quite obvious that it is necessary to proceed towards a theory of
ideologies in the two respects I have just suggested. It will then be clear that
a theory of ideologies depends in the last resort on the history of social
formations, and thus of the modes of production combined in social
formations, and of the class struggles which develop in them. In this sense it
is clear that there can be no question of a theory of ideologies in general,
since ideologies (defined in the double respect suggested above: regional
and class) have a history, whose determination in the last instance is clearly
situated outside ideologies alone, although it involves them."
What I understood is: as in German Ideology and according to Marx Ideology is an imaginary assemblage of what Freud says ''Day's residues'' thats why it has no history, only the existing history is the history of concrete individual.
Thanks a lot.
Thank you. I discuss this in the introductory part to my book on ISIS. But when I have some time to reread the essay, I will try to record something on it.
This seems to be a good resource: www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~sflores/klagesalthusser.html
Here is another good resource on ideology: www.arasite.org/nalt2.htm
@@masoodraja 𝚃𝚑𝚊𝚗𝚔𝚜 𝚊 𝚕𝚘𝚝 𝚏𝚘𝚛 𝚜𝚞𝚌𝚑 𝚊 𝚠𝚘𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚏𝚞𝚕 𝚜𝚘𝚞𝚛𝚌𝚎. 𝚁𝚎𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚢 𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚢 𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚢 𝚑𝚎𝚕𝚙𝚏𝚞𝚕.
𝙶𝚘𝚍 𝚋𝚕𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚢𝚘𝚞!