Action potentials in cardiac myocytes | Circulatory system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 10 ธ.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 256

  • @matthewdds81
    @matthewdds81 10 ปีที่แล้ว +70

    I'm not sure who the guy is that makes these videos, but he is incredible! Seriously, the guy is gifted! Very well done videos.

  • @khanacademymedicine
    @khanacademymedicine  12 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Great question, check out the video on resetting the membrane potential which addresses your question.

  • @khanacademymedicine
    @khanacademymedicine  12 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    The exact membrane potential (+5mV vs. +15mV) will differ based on which cell we are looking at and its level of sympathetic stimulation (related to Calcium levels). Overall, this is the general shape of the action potential.

  • @margorothQ
    @margorothQ 9 ปีที่แล้ว +29

    This was really clarifying. Didn't mention the calcium induced calcium release, but still very helpful. Thank you so much!!

  • @kylelewis6
    @kylelewis6 8 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Slow (L-type) Calcium channels actually begin to open in phase 0 once the membrane potential reaches -30mV- -40mV. However, the effects aren't manifested until phase 2, as shown in the video, when the three types of K+ channels (I-to, I-k, and I-k1) slows down outward conduction speed to maintain the plateau.

  • @saramoore4428
    @saramoore4428 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Holy moly where was this video two hours ago in my studying. I am trying to study antiarrhythmic meds and felt like my eyes were crossing with understanding action potentials. You are a God send.

  • @khanacademymedicine
    @khanacademymedicine  12 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Thanks! I am enjoying making the videos. Have a great new year... =)

  • @HuntressDivine
    @HuntressDivine 10 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    Excellent! I wish I watched this video, instead of trying to figure this out from the text for an hr :) Thank you!!!!

  • @khanacademymedicine
    @khanacademymedicine  12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great question. You're absolutely right...the membrane potential becomes more negative as potassium moves out of the cell and leaves behind an anion. Check out the membrane potential videos to see this in more detail. =)

  • @tarynhealy5471
    @tarynhealy5471 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank you so much for explaining this in a way that is easy to understand. These videos have had a huge impact on my understanding and have greatly reduced my stress level!

  • @deogettic
    @deogettic 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The side notes on the y-axis of the graphic about calcium, sodium, and Potassium has helped to join many dots in my understanding of certain medications. Thanks a lot for also including that additional information in your explanation. It helped a lot.

  • @chenafmohamedamine1305
    @chenafmohamedamine1305 9 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    I want to mention the role of Na-K ATPase pompe in the keeping of negative potentiel of cardiac myocytes ...so helpful explain..thank's

  • @miqueualfonsoramos4546
    @miqueualfonsoramos4546 9 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    This was great. A million times better than the teacher i med school
    I only have an small constructive critic. I had explained how the ionic balance returns to place in stage 4, If I was completely new to this I would not be able to understand how with all the Na+ in and the K+ out the cell would be able to start a new potential:

  • @Kleba41
    @Kleba41 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I know these videos are several years old now, but I just want to let you know how helpful they are! I have 13 of them pinned to my browser!

  • @Mr.ZEZExSAURUS
    @Mr.ZEZExSAURUS 8 ปีที่แล้ว +73

    I love you guys, but I have to say that I think there is something wrong in this video.
    The voltage-gated Ca+2 channels don't "actually close just as suddenly as they opened", if they did there wouldn't be a flatline.
    Actually their name is L-type Ca+2 channel, L for long lasting.
    Unlike the Na+ channels of stage 0 which they actually close just as suddenly as they opened.
    Unless I have misunderstood you, if that is I apologize.

    • @Sara-cj6gb
      @Sara-cj6gb 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're totally right but i think he meant that they're closed entirely and not slowly.. if u get what i mean because there are some that take their time

    • @ManhwaSensei
      @ManhwaSensei 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yep, the voltage-gated Ca+2 channels are slow gated channels, and because of the surge of Ca+2 it prolongs the contraction which is the "flat line" or the so-called Plateau

    • @backspace1613
      @backspace1613 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@Sara-cj6gb yeah am new to this topic but wanna knw
      How the cell gets this tremendous amount of potassium inside ?
      Is there a K pump protein there ?

    • @TheRealSlimLeif
      @TheRealSlimLeif 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You're right. The L-type Ca2+ channels close down slowly during the end of phase 1 and during phase 2 (the plateau), making the membrane potential go down.
      Voltage gated delayed rectifier K+ channels open up during the plateau phase, letting K+ ions leave the cell, contributing to repolarization. Simultaneously, Na-Ca exchangers trade 1 Ca2+ out of the cell for 3 Na+ in to the cell, slightly pushing the membrane potential upwards. These two almost balance each other out, but the net result is a slight repolarization during phase 2, which the video doesn't show very clearly.
      The channels that actually DO close very quickly after activation are the transient outboard K+ channels which cause the rapid repolarization during phase 1 at +20 mV in the video.
      Also, the first K+ channel that is drawn in the video is supposed to be the inward rectifier, and they close down completely slightly prior to phase 1, also contributing to the long plateau phase.
      I understand that it's hard to convey every bit of information in only 12 minutes, but still. There are far more accurate videos out there.

    • @aleksanderosiowski3128
      @aleksanderosiowski3128 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You are right 100 percent

  • @rajkovica5112
    @rajkovica5112 10 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Rishi Desai, is my best teacher.
    Learned a lot about Heart and how it functions.
    Thank you so much sir.
    I see a dedication and sincerity behind the video. Hope someday i too become somebody who could pass on the knowledge i earned from you.
    Your proud student

  • @filipinimode
    @filipinimode 9 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    I'm in love with these explanations

  • @pallempeddeswararao8380
    @pallempeddeswararao8380 11 ปีที่แล้ว +48

    Thanks a million
    Been confused abt this stupid shit throughout my medical career...perfectly clear now...

    • @arazmed
      @arazmed 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      hahah you are my idol dr. pallem

    • @matthewdds81
      @matthewdds81 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      This comment made me laugh my head off! hahaha. Thanks :)

    • @beingfor1825
      @beingfor1825 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      You never tried to find out in all your medical career!

    • @farihahafiz8200
      @farihahafiz8200 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      😂😂this is funny!...just reading it after 3 years!!

    • @timyone
      @timyone 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      lol!!!

  • @eman5669
    @eman5669 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The potassium is moving inside through ATP dependant channel this channel is bringing 2 potassium inside in exchange for 3 sodium out using ATP the net result is resting potential of negative charge inside and positive charge outside

  • @078matthijs
    @078matthijs 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hello Rishi. Like the video's very much and am glad that you've joined the Khan Academy team. It's kinda strange not to hear Sal :) but you're doing a good job; the drawings and the speed is good. Thank you.

  • @lyricson4ya
    @lyricson4ya 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You're Awesome!!!!!!!!!❤️❤️

  • @rishakhan5850
    @rishakhan5850 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    wow.... i am soo happy i never knew they hv vidoes of advanced medicine as well ....

  • @DRKSURENDAR
    @DRKSURENDAR 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    great explanation..............Very helpful for Beginners like me.....keep doing the great job......Thanks.......P.S from INDIA :)

  • @deogettic
    @deogettic 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is a very clear and detailed video. Thanks for the concise and graphically detailed video. It served as a great revision video for me. Thanks alot

  • @muhanadsharif6026
    @muhanadsharif6026 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I can’t thank you enough
    Organized, precise and simple

  • @TheMegaKidBoy
    @TheMegaKidBoy 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    How does Calcium exit the cell? You explained how it enters in the beginning but how does it exit after the action potential to maintain balance?

  • @Readingbean23
    @Readingbean23 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Incredibly helpful!! 👏👏👏👏👏👏

  • @hodlingsthegame1669
    @hodlingsthegame1669 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    In the cardiac myocyte cell the dominant ion, potassium leaves the cell resulting in a negative membrane potential of about - 90.(phase 4) As more positive ions such as sodium and calcium move into the cardiac myocytes cell the membrane potential becomes less negative resulting in a membrane potential of about -70.(phase 0) This change in membrane potential results in the opening of several voltage gated sodium channels within the membrane of the cell causing sodium to rush in. because of this massive influx of sodium moving into the cell the membrane potential becomes positive sitting at about +20 and results in the depolarization of the cardiac cell.(stage 1) As the membrane potential increases and approaches +20 the sodium voltage gated channels began to close and voltage gated potassium channels open allowing more potassium to move out of the cell decreasing the membrane potential two about +5. As the membrane potential slowly decreases and approaches 0 voltage gated calcium channels open allowing calcium to enter the cell, this alone would significantly increase the membrane potential of the cell however simultaneously potassium is leaving the cell which drives the membrane potential in the opposite direction. because these two opposing forces are happening simultaneously the membrane potential has no net change and remains flat at about +5.(stage 2) Overtime the voltage gated calcium channels begin to close while the voltage gated potassium channels remain open this results in the repolarization of the cardiac cell and a significant decrease in the membrane potential to about -90.(stage 4)

  • @catcat4997
    @catcat4997 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    That is really really helpful.A million thanks to you!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @whereiseshan
    @whereiseshan 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    this is awesome thank you !!! finally understood this cardiac action potential

  • @tharranekinggeorge1187
    @tharranekinggeorge1187 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Crystal clear 💯

  • @twinklelight1362
    @twinklelight1362 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Such an excellent lecturer!!!❤️

  • @donaldspaulding6973
    @donaldspaulding6973 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Also, 2 big points are missed. K+ is always leaking out. And the sodium potassium pumps in phase 3 use energy (ATP) to make the cell more negative. Hence in Vtach, the pumps fail and the cells constantly depolarize.

    • @red-baitingswine8816
      @red-baitingswine8816 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Imho the nuts and bolts of this entire process were not explained in this video, which nevertheless is an interesting summary.

  • @deltonphillips8601
    @deltonphillips8601 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome, helped so much in my ECG course.

  • @salvatorecreative2902
    @salvatorecreative2902 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very well articulated. Thank you

  • @liyueh29
    @liyueh29 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the crystal clear explanation on cardiac action potential!

  • @lizkosin1958
    @lizkosin1958 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Once again, you are a LIFESAVER! Thanks!

  • @marlenejensen842
    @marlenejensen842 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great work! its a good and understandable describtion of the process. Thanks

  • @naissaj9706
    @naissaj9706 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing and very clear ..really Thank you very much

  • @stephen3049
    @stephen3049 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much for these videos! Your diagrams really help and suddenly anti-arrhythmic drugs make so much sense!!! Btw i was wondering did you leave out the Ca+ activated SR out of the diagram for simplicity?

  • @spencergardner5923
    @spencergardner5923 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    great vid, you explain things in a clear way

  • @smno9886
    @smno9886 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bro God bless your soul man. I hope God gives you a good gift someday

  • @elenadiaz1230
    @elenadiaz1230 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    @7:42 I feel dumb asking this but how does potassium leaving the cell make the cell repolarize?

  • @MarmiteFerret
    @MarmiteFerret 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sorry to sort of necro the comments here but one thing I'd like to clarify: how does a positive ion (potassium) produce a negative membrane potential? Do you just mean that it is negative relative to sodium? I'm guessing that isn't the reason given your graph so if anyone can explain that would be great! Thanks :) great videos!

    • @medicalvideos1640
      @medicalvideos1640 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Rob Wagner because K+ ion diffuses out of the cell the inside of cell will become negative as positive ions have moved out

    • @medicalvideos1640
      @medicalvideos1640 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Rob Wagner also please watch my medical videos th-cam.com/video/ylP_e2fm0Wo/w-d-xo.html

  • @carolinew1616
    @carolinew1616 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANK YOU FOR THIS!!!

  • @tergelmaasukhbaatar8331
    @tergelmaasukhbaatar8331 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video good quality teaching

  • @Maria-ot9hz
    @Maria-ot9hz 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    you're saving my life.

  • @mariyanabranzburg8320
    @mariyanabranzburg8320 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    tnx a lot!!!!!! better than my teacher could explain it!

  • @summercannette2069
    @summercannette2069 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you thank you!!!!!!!!! wonderful video!

  • @indianshades
    @indianshades 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very nice . such a nice explanation you gave

  • @adsmanmikky8336
    @adsmanmikky8336 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is really helpful. thanks a lot for the generous help.

  • @muayadmohammed2092
    @muayadmohammed2092 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    A massive big thank you

  • @dvdpiacentini
    @dvdpiacentini 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video, thanks!

  • @jacquelinemichael2201
    @jacquelinemichael2201 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is amazing! very well explained. made me feel much better about the topic!

  • @Mrluckyjo
    @Mrluckyjo 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    fantastic teaching mate. and amazingly neat... handwritting is a reflection of character and i can tell some characteristics from that handwritting :P

  • @manansahu1501
    @manansahu1501 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    very nice... a big thumbs up

  • @nicxp26
    @nicxp26 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    simply amazing.. thanks so much man! cheers!

  • @JasRose1996
    @JasRose1996 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks , This video is a great help

  • @dylanjordan11
    @dylanjordan11 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    very grateful for this! thanks for your time in educating! super helpful!

    • @medicalvideos1640
      @medicalvideos1640 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Kris Patrick please do watch my medical videos th-cam.com/video/ylP_e2fm0Wo/w-d-xo.html

  • @elenyxydous5943
    @elenyxydous5943 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazingly helpful!!!!!

  • @chagallzhang5941
    @chagallzhang5941 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You're amazing! Thank you for making these videos. They really helped me a lot!

  • @inspiritinfinite1091
    @inspiritinfinite1091 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    really best of the best!!!

  • @diplomat2623
    @diplomat2623 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome video!

  • @christophsalewski3110
    @christophsalewski3110 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much for the thorough explanation!

  • @izzatiwahab7143
    @izzatiwahab7143 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    you are amazing i swear i love you

  • @laviniayale6255
    @laviniayale6255 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    much needed. thank you

  • @justtara7433
    @justtara7433 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    perfect perfect perfect! thanks a lot

  • @tcm-henry
    @tcm-henry 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    best explanation ever thanks a lot

  • @obadahmohammed5777
    @obadahmohammed5777 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video ..
    thanks alot ..

  • @memato6924
    @memato6924 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you soooooooooooo much ..you just amazing
    it's very helpful
    thank you again🤗

  • @zemnoman654
    @zemnoman654 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Explained perfectly

  • @claudiasantillan586
    @claudiasantillan586 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video.. Thanks for a clear explanation :)

  • @aya7404
    @aya7404 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing work
    Thnx alot

  • @red-baitingswine8816
    @red-baitingswine8816 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great information and summary. Which gates are passive and which are energy consuming pumps? what are all the nuts and bolts of this entire process?

  • @pallempeddeswararao8380
    @pallempeddeswararao8380 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a lot its really helpful

  • @Chip90
    @Chip90 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    excellent!

  • @someshpawar401
    @someshpawar401 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    helpful ☺

  • @aalmatry
    @aalmatry 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much .. U r amazing

  • @Juufroo
    @Juufroo 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing, thank you!

  • @Paragota
    @Paragota 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi, tks for the video.
    Question: Why do "fast" sodium channel open at -70mV ? Does the threshold depend on the cell type or the channel type?
    Because in a "normal" action potential, the RMP is -70mV and that would mean that "fast" sodium channels would be open - but they aren't.

  • @angiecollados9344
    @angiecollados9344 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you so much this is such a great video you are an amazing teacher

  • @TlhomphoDitedu
    @TlhomphoDitedu 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Perfect 👌

  • @flagoletten2478
    @flagoletten2478 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great!

  • @imyexoplanet8267
    @imyexoplanet8267 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks💝

  • @daisyramirez5530
    @daisyramirez5530 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    wow i finally understand!!

  • @rohanroy8504
    @rohanroy8504 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    man dis is crazy teaching 💃💃

  • @Sbafokkio
    @Sbafokkio 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome videos. Can you make a video on how epi and Acetylcholene affect the action potential in cardiac myocytes and pacemaker cells?

  • @danovido8946
    @danovido8946 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Outstanding

  • @wellali2574
    @wellali2574 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks a lot you filled up mu gaps

  • @azizbatman5630
    @azizbatman5630 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Best. Better than kaplan tbh

  • @weeziezeus
    @weeziezeus 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    hello, 52 year old trying to get this biology stuff down! Don't know what I would do without your generous help!

  • @princessdevi01
    @princessdevi01 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you. You guys have been a huge help to me throughout my medical school journey.

  • @tracykovaleski7128
    @tracykovaleski7128 10 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Just a quick question, before the plateau, I understand that Ca2+ entering the cell would encourage the electric potential to become more positive, but how does potassium leaving the cell encourage the electric potential to become more negative? Since K+ is negatively charged, it seems like K+ entering the cell would create a more negative charge.... thank you!!

    • @samuelandjw
      @samuelandjw 10 ปีที่แล้ว

      K+ is positively charged, and that's why it got a '+' sign.

    • @tracykovaleski7128
      @tracykovaleski7128 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Degang WU
      Then why when a cell is in its resting state, it's charge is negative, and K+ is the predominate ion

    • @samuelandjw
      @samuelandjw 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Tracy Douglas You're right K+ is the predominate ion, but there are also anion, which are negatively charged. The membrane potential being negative just means that there are more anion than ion (here I assume each anion bears one negative charge for simplicity).

    • @tracykovaleski7128
      @tracykovaleski7128 10 ปีที่แล้ว

      Degang WU
      Thank you!!

    • @georgiion1684
      @georgiion1684 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      That "-" before "-92 mV" refers to the resting potential the ion would "want" for the intracellular space. So the K+ ions, positively charged, kinda want to leave the cell... Making it even more negative than it currently is.
      You should think about negative potential as a "difference in charge" - negative, because the interior is more negatively charged than the outside of the cell. Potential is not equal to charge.

  • @isaatalay5320
    @isaatalay5320 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What causes calcium channels close after a while and why they don’t reopen after k channels opens more ?

  • @jayzlayz6275
    @jayzlayz6275 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Here before my credit exams, hope this will help me🤞

  • @dnavaez
    @dnavaez 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I have two questions: What happened with all the calcium and Sodium that got inside the cell; 2) how does the cell recover K+ ? it seems to be loosing it all the time?

  • @abcd-om5wh
    @abcd-om5wh 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    wonderful

  • @NieceyWeesey
    @NieceyWeesey 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    PERFECTLY EXPLAINED! But is an action potential the reason you get an influx of Ca2+ ions, just like a in a neurone?

    • @seanchagani5414
      @seanchagani5414 9 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      The influx of calcium causes the sarcoplastic reticulum to ALSO release it's calcium, and this causes the cardiac muscle to stroke (or pump). That is, the voltage-gated calcium channel opens at phase 2, and the increase in intracellular calcium signals the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium.

    • @NieceyWeesey
      @NieceyWeesey 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you!

  • @raerae5176
    @raerae5176 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    i'm literally in love with you rn.

  • @juandiegodistefano335
    @juandiegodistefano335 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How does the sodium then leave the inside of the cell?