Where Does Growth Come From? | Clayton Christensen | Talks at Google

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 ส.ค. 2016
  • Clayton Christensen is an award-winning Harvard Business School professor and author of five books, including The Innovator's Dilemma, which received the Global Business Book Award for the best business book of the year.
    Clayton presents brand new content on different ways to think about growth and he shared some of his unique perspective on "measuring your life" (as seen in his TED talk) with the audience.
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ความคิดเห็น • 384

  • @youcancanyou
    @youcancanyou 4 ปีที่แล้ว +367

    RIP Professor, you've been an inspiration for so many of us.

    • @asdf-jo4vv
      @asdf-jo4vv 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      What!!!

    • @talkwench340
      @talkwench340 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@asdf-jo4vv is a 35

    • @Nick_Tag
      @Nick_Tag 3 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      I bought one of his books online and it turned out to be signed!

    • @maxheadrom3088
      @maxheadrom3088 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Sad news. This is the first time I'm hearing him - didn't even know who he was when I started. I used to have a very poor opinion about marketing and administration - he changed my mind. (I still have a very poor opinion about marketing, but now I see there are some aspects of it that are good).

    • @jamesnguyen7069
      @jamesnguyen7069 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      thats so sad. im glad you got the chance to meet him

  • @robbydyer4500
    @robbydyer4500 5 ปีที่แล้ว +248

    Some takeaways.
    1. The customer is not the right unit of analysis; the "job" needing to get done by "hiring" a product/service is.
    2. Marketing with such "jobs" in mind is referred to as using potential innovations.
    3. Entrants using disruptive innovations tend to defeat incumbents using sustaining innovations (which are still critically important).
    4. Sustaining innovations make good things better, and are replicative in nature; important but not bulletproof. Often overshoot what the customer actually requires.
    5. Incumbents survive disruptive entrants by also engaging in disruptive innovation on the side with completely independent business units.
    6. Efficiency innovations do more with less, keeping a company competitive and increasing profits with the side effect of reducing jobs.
    7. Outsourcing is easier than increasing profits, so companies outsource to improve their ratio.
    8. Focusing on ratios is detrimental to national economic growth, which is critical for the market to prosper.
    9. Disruptive innovations stimulate economic growth. Companies focusing only on efficiency innovations causes economic recessions.

    • @piyushupadhyay
      @piyushupadhyay 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Thank you. I was leaving the talk halfway so reading your summary was helpful. :)

    • @RealEstateRadioTV-SA
      @RealEstateRadioTV-SA 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I liked Point
      1.
      5.

    • @chris_2208
      @chris_2208 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You forgot the most important part: how you measure your life.

    • @robbydyer4500
      @robbydyer4500 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@chris_2208 10. Achievement-orientation tends to value activites which provide immediate and tangible evidence of achievement, placing at risk an unmeasured domestic life.

    • @terrylee6904
      @terrylee6904 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you for the summary

  • @MoerreNoseshine
    @MoerreNoseshine 7 ปีที่แล้ว +121

    Perfect ending. Worth watching just for the last 4 minutes.

    • @AbracadabraFC
      @AbracadabraFC 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      It was indeed an absolute eye-opener, and a great way to end the talk.

    • @unboundsteam2213
      @unboundsteam2213 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      True dude

  • @temolder
    @temolder 3 ปีที่แล้ว +73

    00:43 1st objective: how to sustain success
    02:04 2nd: how to create growth
    02:56 3rd: theories for decision making
    06:23 Recovery from economic recessions
    08:33 Four types of innovation: potential, sustaining, disruptive, efficiency
    09:25 Potential innovations (No. 1)
    12:00 Jobs to be done, milk shake case
    23:25 Architecture of jobs to be done
    28:55 Sustaining innovations (No. 2)
    30:39 Disruptive innovations (No. 3)
    36:20 Why incumbents don’t prevent being disrupted, personal computer case
    41:18 The Innovator’s Dilemma
    42:49 Toyota case
    46:08 Q&A: which companies have successfully prevented disruption
    48:33 Efficiency innovations (No. 4)
    50:03 Why are we not able to keep the growth, financial ratios
    1:00:53 Q&A: what metrics to use to break out of vicious cycle
    1:02:13 Q&A: what jobs can humans do after AI revolution
    1:05:37 Q&A: what causes disruption: technology, application, market effect
    1:08:15 Q&A: how to explain high-end, top-down innovations like Uber, iPhone, Tesla
    1:15:05 Q&A: How Will You Measure Your Life?

    • @flipdejonge9153
      @flipdejonge9153 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Great!! Thnx

    • @MohammedAli-xv6es
      @MohammedAli-xv6es 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I like how the dude at 1:05:37 was essentially like "so snake oil doesn't cure anything, I get that, but is there a snake oil that can cure anything?" jj dude at 1:05:37 :)

    • @mmg6755
      @mmg6755 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hey Rick, great tabulation of the presentation.

    • @transformationalpianolifec1643
      @transformationalpianolifec1643 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you

    • @zahidulislam2068
      @zahidulislam2068 ปีที่แล้ว

      Great job, Rick. Your work is a good example of active listening.

  • @michaelhands2189
    @michaelhands2189 4 ปีที่แล้ว +38

    Even after his stroke, he speaks more clearly than I, on a good day, can think- And the last 5 minutes.. Wow!

    • @thepianist7084
      @thepianist7084 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      have to agree with you about the last 5 minutes -- I mean, I was enjoying the whole talk but I think my life is now different because of his ending thesis. A powerful message for today.

  • @DesignsnPrint
    @DesignsnPrint 7 ปีที่แล้ว +76

    These "Talks at Google" are making a big impact on my life. Now I have to read all his books!

  • @RealityIsNot
    @RealityIsNot 7 ปีที่แล้ว +76

    He is such a humble guy. Every interview/session of his, he make sure he greats/appreciate the host.

  • @edgarcerecerez1
    @edgarcerecerez1 5 ปีที่แล้ว +18

    My goodness, this is the most sensible comment thread I’ve seen in TH-cam - ever.

  • @johnadams8066
    @johnadams8066 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks professor Clay Christensen.
    Everytime I goto to bed I'm listening to your great lecture. Your theory some how changed the way I think in my life.
    RIP. Prof Clay..

  • @MagicmathmandarinOrg
    @MagicmathmandarinOrg 3 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Professor Christensen’s brilliance and humility come from his faith. Rarely do we encounter such originality, incredible thoughts combined with humor and humility. It is true faith that help create these. Thank you Professor Christensen. You are as alive as ever.

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You are so right ! A deep study of his life will reveal the answers to our lives.

  • @edgarcerecerez1
    @edgarcerecerez1 5 ปีที่แล้ว +18

    This is the best marketing advice I’ve absorbed. So much respect for this man.

  • @katiekat4457
    @katiekat4457 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    He may have had some trouble speaking because of his stroke but he mind is working extremely fast. You can tell by how witty he is and how quickly he can come up with answers to questions along with what seems like he knows every company in detail off the top of his head so his memory was working really well too. This is the first time I have seen him and I'm so sad to see all the RIP's. He looks very young to have had so many health problem and to have passed away. What a great talk!!

  • @arkoraa
    @arkoraa 6 ปีที่แล้ว +135

    The man speaks better with half a brain than I do with a healthy brain ...

    • @jrbechthold
      @jrbechthold 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      right? he is amazing.

    • @particleconfig.8935
      @particleconfig.8935 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      how do you know it's healthy LOL =D

    • @rp2312
      @rp2312 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      He is amazing and he has left a great wealth of knowledge for us and for posterity!!

    • @nickvoutsas5144
      @nickvoutsas5144 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      He has a kindness and humour when he speaks

  • @bigjigyeah
    @bigjigyeah ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Easily one of the best Talks at Google. So much to learn packed in one speech

  • @boston1977boston
    @boston1977boston 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Heroic of him to give this talk while going through chemo and after experiencing a stroke.

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      His strength is super natural. Study his life Boston and you will receive more.

  • @steenie4726
    @steenie4726 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This talk is more relevant today than ever. We’re seeing these ideas in real time with the labor market right now. RIP

  • @RowanGontier
    @RowanGontier 7 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    The talk reminds me of the importance of long term thinking. However, immensely successful disruptors can give the wrong impression about the realities of changing course. For the most part, the companies and individuals that stick to their knitting, and adapt over time, are the ones who are successful.

  • @wilhelmtell536
    @wilhelmtell536 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Every successful company needs to hear and understand these principles. Clayton predicted Intel's fall 10 years ago.

  • @nicolasgrilly
    @nicolasgrilly 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is one of the most powerful and unexpected conclusions I've every heard in such a presentation: talking about business and innovation, and concluding on divorce and growing kids. Truly brilliant. And so much kindness in that man.

  • @ajaychopra3487
    @ajaychopra3487 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    A very humble human being, with a very deep practical insight of his research know -how.
    Truly immense learning to listen / understand his perspective.

  • @openhousemiami
    @openhousemiami 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Needed this talk today. Thank you Prof. Christensen.

  • @neoaureus
    @neoaureus 4 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    I just love this man....for his clarity and courage .

  • @rcoronna6668
    @rcoronna6668 6 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    This is an amazing talk and a highly recommended watch. True to form, Prof. Clayton is insightful, forward thinking and able to explain the theory and practical applications with clarity. This talk is engaging and offers a different perspective to the one currently being taught and practiced in many organisations. Prof. Clayton is an exceptional intellect and storyteller, his work and thinking is truly inspirational.

  • @1WaySafe
    @1WaySafe 6 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I am happy I woke up to watch this. you know your stuff.

  • @onyekaokonji28
    @onyekaokonji28 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    May God bless Prof Clayton. His books and talks are always impactful.

  • @jorge.r.garciadealba
    @jorge.r.garciadealba ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I am happy I was able to see this amazing presentation.

  • @zahidulislam2068
    @zahidulislam2068 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Sad to see such a brilliant man struggling with his health problems. God bless you, professor

  • @GR_BackingTracks
    @GR_BackingTracks ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Four types of innovations:
    1. Potential products
    2. Sustaining innovations
    3. Disruptive products
    4. Efficiency innovations
    Architecture to every job to be done:
    1. There's a job to know given the situation I'm in. Functional, emotional, successful
    3. How will they choose us.
    2. What are the experiences we need to provide to do the job perfectly.
    3. What kind of brand do we need to apply to that product.

  • @AndrzejDworak
    @AndrzejDworak 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Great talk and the last 5 minutes blew my mind!

  • @nbme-answers
    @nbme-answers 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    @21:39 Prof Christensen is a hero. So humble. So insightful. So open & honest. A very special man.

  • @knowledgdeseeker
    @knowledgdeseeker 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    One of the best business strategy talk, filled with insights. Great Q&A as well.

  • @phildoyle1224
    @phildoyle1224 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Vale Prof Clayton Christensen. This is hands down the best talk ever.

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      There is so much more Phil if you study his life and talks amigo.

  • @markadams4513
    @markadams4513 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you Clay for being one of the most brilliant and humble humans we've had the honour of learning from ❤

  • @peteryao9771
    @peteryao9771 6 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    How can anyone even give this video a thumbs down! Awesome awesome talk

    • @zahidulislam2068
      @zahidulislam2068 ปีที่แล้ว

      Simple. Thumbs pointing to their own intellectual level of understanding.

  • @carollynebrayner5867
    @carollynebrayner5867 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    What a wonderful and enlightening talk, great lessons for us all!

  • @christineesser8826
    @christineesser8826 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Amazing man and amazing speech. Thank you for sharing this.

  • @frederickbuhr8765
    @frederickbuhr8765 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    It is a light that will never go out...

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      So true Frederick. Study his life for the deepest insights.

  • @rp2312
    @rp2312 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    He is one of the Best! Absolutely have tonnes of respect for him 🙏
    Great talk and insights that can be implemented immediately to correct the course and steer forward to create growth and success! JTBD is powerful framework!!
    Thank you Clayton Christensen!

  • @OnionKnight541
    @OnionKnight541 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    it's easier to outsource than to innovate (regarding profit ratio around 54 mins)-- great point

  • @ramesherrabolu1590
    @ramesherrabolu1590 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Didn't know about him until I watched this lecture. I loved what he said in the last 5 minutes, something to digest

  • @tauheedahmad6115
    @tauheedahmad6115 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Such committment to the discipline. Salutes professor

  • @rohitbhardwaj8098
    @rohitbhardwaj8098 6 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Great!! Specially the last 5 minutes.
    Just sums up our lives.

  • @VirtualTripper
    @VirtualTripper 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    1 hour 4 mins in... this talk is amazing!!!!

  • @shyama5612
    @shyama5612 ปีที่แล้ว

    The answer to the last question on how to measure your life is such a perfect extension of how the metrics enabled short term success and optimizing for that metric ended up costing them long term success. Beautiful mind.

  • @multiflasking5836
    @multiflasking5836 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Having studied marketing for a short while this, so far, has blown my mind, along with marketing curriculum I just studied, away.

  • @joseavs
    @joseavs 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    A great master and as his books brings to us very powerful mind set to make successful decisions. Thank You, Professor wherever you are.

  • @rupaalsingh4047
    @rupaalsingh4047 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hats off to u sir.... U sir are inspirational

  • @VictorAntonioLive
    @VictorAntonioLive 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Brilliant talk...so sorry to hear of his passing.

  • @drrnyadav
    @drrnyadav 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great talk with contemporary insight of the behaviour an economy shows in special cases of cycles.

  • @novihacks1933
    @novihacks1933 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    enjoyed the whole talk, thank you for uploading this. Interesting thoughts and a lot ive learned just from this one video.

  • @elsyalvarezr
    @elsyalvarezr 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I am just reading his work now and its such an inspiration!

  • @Evraya
    @Evraya 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    If you serve people, if you work hard and similar to Clayton Kristensen, so much valuable, please, please feel free to NOT apologies for any disability you’ve been injured providing this service. It hurts.

  • @hassanerwa2677
    @hassanerwa2677 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Splendid, I like the last four minutes of how to apply the disruptive theory in our family life , ...very useful

  • @debjylee
    @debjylee 7 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    One of the most insightful yet humble speakers I've seen in a long time.

  • @ralphnabozny8494
    @ralphnabozny8494 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    what a good teacher. define and learn

  • @francisayivi6015
    @francisayivi6015 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very insightful talk. Worth every minute!

  • @ghaffarellis
    @ghaffarellis 7 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    There should be an accreditation attached to this presentation which is a perfect 10/10 must see for startups.

  • @joshuaremintier9990
    @joshuaremintier9990 6 ปีที่แล้ว +39

    This talk is just absolutely amazing. Insightful and Inspiring :)

    • @nofurtherwest3474
      @nofurtherwest3474 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Do you mind summing it up for me? What is the answer to the question: Where Does Growth Come From?

  • @anonymous.youtuber
    @anonymous.youtuber 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Very elucidating talk. May he rest in peace. 🙏🏻

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      There is more to learn by studying his life Claire.

  • @junkmail75034
    @junkmail75034 6 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    God bless you Clay. Praying for your cancer treatment.

  • @blackpeppericecream
    @blackpeppericecream 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks for sharing, your knowledge will live forever

  • @astroanuuj
    @astroanuuj 7 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    God bless you, you are a great man. I am so inspired by you and your books. Thank you.

  • @particleconfig.8935
    @particleconfig.8935 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Lovely and insightful guy with humor. Love it.

  • @andrewbarker9447
    @andrewbarker9447 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank you for making this available

  • @snowman7234
    @snowman7234 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    An incredible mind at work. Just wonderful.

  • @frankiefrank4853
    @frankiefrank4853 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Clayton, this content is required viewing. I will share this with care. Thank you.

  • @stephenotieno299
    @stephenotieno299 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Oh my goodness, what a resourceful and brilliant prof. I acquired more things in an hour than I ever imagined.

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      And the deepest answers can be found by studying his life and talks on all subjects v

  • @jordanjackson7171
    @jordanjackson7171 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Man I remember watching this in my kitchen in 2016. Complete game changer.

  • @KonstantinosPlatis
    @KonstantinosPlatis 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    ..enormous respect for this person.....

  • @edcruz2706
    @edcruz2706 7 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    It was worth my time - every minute of it, but the last 4 minutes are transformational - thank you

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Study more of his life Ed if you will.

  • @Cyb3riano
    @Cyb3riano 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    The answer to the very last question is worth the entire talk.

  • @carlos.digitanos
    @carlos.digitanos 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great man! Thanks for this valuable content!

  • @smashedhulk8492
    @smashedhulk8492 7 ปีที่แล้ว +34

    21:40 before you start the video, explains a lot

  • @golden1a
    @golden1a 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great talk! Thanks for sharing!

  • @olfssen
    @olfssen 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    it is the most insightful speech ever!

  • @ChipSpencer123
    @ChipSpencer123 ปีที่แล้ว

    Superb. Loved the part about how will you measure your life.

  • @DailyBread4U
    @DailyBread4U 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thought provoking bussines. I am applying those principles in my bussiness. Thank u for ur information.

  • @joshsblee
    @joshsblee ปีที่แล้ว

    RIP Professor. Thank you for your contributions.

  • @superbmood
    @superbmood 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    An outstanding talk. What professor Clayton says moves perspectives.

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes he has a perspective that comes from listening to spiritual guidance. Study his life and you will be inspired.

  • @malcolmmanby8666
    @malcolmmanby8666 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    To have a better product than your compactors is from the SOUL not from competition, and this process of creating can coms from the love of humanity, and the direction from an internal power, which is eternal and only need the same power of love.

  • @justuskirigua6322
    @justuskirigua6322 6 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    what a great way to explain how we use the wrong metrics to measure our lives. Amazing!!

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      So right Justus. Study his life deeply and you will find clear answers for your own life v

  • @VirtualTripper
    @VirtualTripper 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    36 mins in... From my google history of recent times i see why I came down this youtube spiral. I'm glad to see Daniel Goleman's talks on Focus and Emotional Intelligence sits close by on recommended very close to Chris Cornell's Best of Higher Truth Tours video. I do wonder as Poor as I am if i should still feel as Guilty as I do for being as blessed as I am to experience such insight and beauty from the such is my youtube rabbit hole.

  • @ShinyChromeStar
    @ShinyChromeStar 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    The last question and clay’s response just blew my mind. Apart from the fact based talk hearing his personality speak really brings to light the importance of your loved ones.

  • @maxheadrom3088
    @maxheadrom3088 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    That last answer was marvelous.

  • @malcolmmanby8666
    @malcolmmanby8666 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    We have new thinking to improve our education system, to bring growth to our younger generations yet to come, we must remove the obstacles of the past system that does not help with the growth of the brilliant young brains, that's suppressed.

  • @shobhitmohanty5603
    @shobhitmohanty5603 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    It's so sad that the quality of the talk, has not been matched by the quality of the video. Please show the slides in full screen to bring out full value of Mr Christensen's fantastic lecture. Thank you

  • @gopalkalra7720
    @gopalkalra7720 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What a great person and deep thinker he was, rarest of rare

  • @RealEstateRadioTV-SA
    @RealEstateRadioTV-SA 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks to Prophet Uebert Angel, I got to learn about Mr. Clayton M Christensen in one of his Church Services. Regards South Africa.

    • @grateful7839
      @grateful7839 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Beautiful SPK. Study his life and talks and you will gain much.

  • @clydecessna737
    @clydecessna737 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    A great man at his best.

  • @manojjain516
    @manojjain516 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great Talk. Really enjoyed it. Specially the answer to the final question

  • @neoaureus
    @neoaureus 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The milkshake sentence is by far one of the funniest AND most brilliant things( at the same time) I've heard in my 44 year life.....hats off

  • @ekanem2954
    @ekanem2954 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Amazing Talk! RIP Professor

  • @akshayrkumar381
    @akshayrkumar381 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    amazing thoughts, provokes to think in the right way to get ahead in business:)

  • @joedevon
    @joedevon ปีที่แล้ว +1

    1:07:34 Clayton knew what was coming. Literally talking about AI. Legend: "I worry about you guys because I think that you are very good at developing potentially disruptive innovations. But I don't think you worry nearly enough about the business models that you have to build that would then take your technology into an application that competes against non consumption."

  • @siddharthr7142
    @siddharthr7142 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Beautifully concluded!

  • @friend4no1
    @friend4no1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    One of the best professor , I studied at HBS.

  • @parthparth1246
    @parthparth1246 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Reading the Innovator's Dilemma changed the way I think....RIP Professor

  • @realisingpotential7348
    @realisingpotential7348 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Inspiring and insightful

  • @quambs
    @quambs 7 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Interesting thought process.

  • @ChristopherOkhravi
    @ChristopherOkhravi 7 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Super interesting. Added some books to the to-read shelves :)

    • @sandeepvk
      @sandeepvk 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      which you will never read

    • @arwaahmed2258
      @arwaahmed2258 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      haha!@@sandeepvk

    • @sandeepvk
      @sandeepvk 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@arwaahmed2258 lol