How Easy is It to Grow a Supermassive Black Hole? - with Dr Becky
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 มิ.ย. 2024
- What is it that makes supermassive black holes grow so big?
For more Dr Becky, check out her TH-cam channel: / drbecky
Watch the Q&A: • Video
When we think of black holes, we often think of them as endless hoovers, sucking up anything around them. In reality, it’s very difficult to grow a black hole; to get matter close enough to that point of no return. Instead, most matter will happily orbit a black hole. Just like the Earth orbits the Sun, the Sun orbits a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way over 4 million times more massive than the Sun itself.
Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford and star of astronomy-themed TH-cam channel Dr Becky. Her current research is trying to answer the question 'how do galaxies and black holes evolve together?'. Her TH-cam channel, Dr Becky, where each week she explains either an unsolved mystery, a weird object found in space or general space news with an unnatural level of enthusiasm, has over 200,000 subscribers (and counting!). Her debut public science book ‘Space: 10 things you should know’ was named one of Sky at Night Magazine’s top 20 books of 2019.
You can buy it here: geni.us/drbecky
This talk was recorded on 25th May 2021.
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OMFG!! @Dr. Becky is at the @Royal Institution! This is a win- win-win, where the public and contributors all benefit from education in science. Dr. Becky is such an enthusiastic, young and accomplished astrophysicist, it's always a joy to learn from her and our youth need more of. Congratulations, Dr. Becky!
Sorry RI. @The Royal Institution. I was just so happy for Dr. Becky to be at such an incredible institution for education. 😃
Happy to see Dr.Becky in RI❤
I came here to say exactly the same thing :D
Dr Becky doing a presentation on the RI Channel using images from XKCD... so wholesome
Great to see enthusiasm for a topic and a desire to communicate a complex topic in a fun and simplified manner. It’s very much the “art” of education.
She's awesome. Check out her youtube channel
Agreed. She's great! Her outtakes at the end of her vids are pretty funny too.
Dr. Becky, also one of the brightest things in the universe.
What a happy surprise, a lovely RI video featuring one of my favorite astronomers :)
If you do not already know her check her channel, she’s one of the best on TH-cam… gold :)
@Dewyu Nohmi dull statement. If you dislike her, explain why so we can open up debate.
@@meskahmusic From this video: presentation structure is terrible; there is no clear understanding who is the target audience; terms are introduced before the concepts; concepts introduced out of order; same term used with different meanings;...
This is a low point for RI. I blocked Dr.B a long time ago from my YT suggestions.
Dr Becky 😍 her content is amazing. Such a cool thing seeing her make it to RI.
Heard that lecture live and loved it! Thanks for uploading!
Greetings from Germany, Becky
Yay!I've been waiting for this video!!
I learned quite a bit from this talk. Thank you!
Oho Dr Becky, fancy seeing you here; wooo nicely done! :3
Thanks Dr. Becky! That was great!
Fantastic video, so easy to understand. As I thought of a question, it was answered. Well done, Dr Becky!
A wonderful talk - I love her enthusiasm for the subject!
Wonderful talk Dr Becky. You are a great communicator.
I could imagine that the growth of the black holes in unmerged galaxies, could get some of their extra mass due to dark matter. Would that be far fetched?
My favourite RI lecturer. Makes any topic interesting with her whimsy and humour, yet covers very dense topics very understandably.
Dr Becky at the RI? Wonderful!
Ohh my!!! Well done Dr Becky :)
Wonderfully explained.
We love you Dr Becky! 🧡👍😎
at 11:40 i began to get scared a bit of Dr. Becky ...lol :)
she was talking so passionatly about the 'big bad blackhole' , it was like a superb narrated Andersson's tail , and the evilness in her voice , was EPIC witch craft ..hihi
well done love your passion in bringing astroscience , luv it !
greets from the Netherlands
Johny Geerts
I love how the Milky Wax & Andromeda merging animation appears in RI lectures again and again 😄
We need to see some young galaxies, come on JWT!!
Amazing lecture... very informative.
Massively interesting. Thanks once again Dr. Becky.
Other objects will usually have angular momentum with respect to the black hole. So given the small size of even a super massive black hole relative to average interstellar distances most objects deflected by the black hole will not be put on a collision course with the event horizon.
Just seen your Ri lecture online. Very interesting, and entertaining! Will need to buy your book now.....!!
~ 37:20 - 100! Science is amazing and we're lucky to be alive today to witness this happening.
YAY Dr. Becky!! (I love your bee pillows) great lecture!
The simulation of the universe was able to tell us that 30% of the mass of the black holes in the centers of galaxies are due to mergers. Where did the simulation get the other 70% from?
Based on current knowledge.
Blu-Tack, silly! Did you not learn this at University?
The singularity at the centre is held in place by Blu-Tack ... otherwise it would spin off into space (obvs!!). When objects merge, little lumps of Blu get stuck between bigger pieces of matter, so are counted as mass!
Easy peasy, lemon squeezie!!!
She is very good at explaining and captivating audiences on this topic by bringing her enthusiasm and charisma. Good job. Love the presentation.
I can't wait to hear you explain when you find out what somewhat else is!
As with Kilobytes becoming Megabytes, the Kilograms successor should be the rarely used Megagram, followed by Gigagram, and Teragram and finally Petagram.
For example Ayers Rock in Australia weighs 1.4 petagrams.
Pluto weighs more at 12.5 billion petagrams.
Our sun (sol) is a lot more at a thousand quadrillion petagrams.
And the largest black hole… 66 trillion quadrillion petagrams.
Dr. Becky is incredible
Really good & memorable way of describing origins of a White Dwarf to Neutron Star to Black Hole.
Excellent!
Thanks Doctoro Beck--Eee!!!
Loved it
A lot of misrepresentations come from those so called science shows on TV underlaid with suspenseful music when black holes "just devour everything" as a stern narrator in the background explains.
"All egg white, it'd probably taste horrendous."
It's called meringue, and you're absolutely right, it does taste horrendous.
She's a good speaker. Love listening to her
Interesting and excellent presentation. For your next research, what would simulations show if initial galactic cloud has no angular momentum? Would gravitation "free fall" generate those giant black holes?
But if the Sun were to suddenly become a black hole, wouldn't the orbit of the planets be changed slightly by the lack of the solar wind? Or is that pressure too insignificant?
That was an awesome talk. Thank you Dr Becky!
Interesting question! The pressure is probably extremely weak, but it really would be interesting to have a number to get an idea.
A very interesting talk by someone who can explain complex thinking in a format that a non professional astrophysicist can understand. I will look forward to another talk by this person.
Dr. Becky is her name and her TH-cam handle. You should definitely check her out. She has a lot of great videos.
Thanks for the Pokemon analogy. It will come in handy when I 'attempt' to explain black holes to my little one.🤣
I was just looking at Dr Becky's video thumbnail in my subscription feed & I saw this video as well. I decided to click on this one first & I thought I clicked on the wrong video.
Hooray for the couch cushion model of black holes! :-)
Excellent presentation. Beekeeper?
Thank you. "We do not know everything, but it does not mean that we know nothing. We know a lot, but it does not mean that we know everything." Thank you. I hope once I'll be able to work on something 1% as interesting as this. That would be a happy life, even just watching this gave me back the spark :-) Thank you!
I love this girl
Very nice presentation. I wonder if matter only orbits a center of mass and not been pulled in how come 99% of the matter in our solar system ended up in the sun? Would that process not scale up to galaxies?
Rather amusing concept
Yeah it's a great title.
You should see the video!
must a black hole start out as a star that goes supernova or can a lot of mass go directly to neutron star and then black hole?
Dr Beckyyyyyyyy!!!
Not only super interesting the dear Doctor is an AMAZING presenter. Glued to my seat.
Domes protect the huge scopes from weather, sure, but their most important function is to prevent heat differential across the parts of telescope. One side hotter than the other will throw everything out of alignment. One lens warmer than it's designed to be could result in distorted images.
How much energy/mass would a black hole have to ingest/absorb to equal it’s rate of evaporation?
Dr. Becks!
How long have you being stuck on that island
I'm having trouble with switching between the spherical geometry of a solar mass to the torus image of the black hole, why does it appear to have a planar ring shape?
Becky!!!!
❤ Dr Becky :)
Ok, look ... it's an amazing talk and all. Very interesting, yes, yes, yes. Black holes, awesome! But not putting an affiliate link to those bee pillows in the description is simply a crime. (my wife loves them and I had to go find them all by myself!)
What's a bee pillow??? LoL
Wow .....Dr. Becky ?!
Happy to see you dear Becky.
I like The Royal Institute and also I'm fan of Dr. Becky. And now, I have both of them together. Isn't it just great or what?!
Thank you Royal Institute.
Is it reasonable to suggest that exotic matter could exist within a black hole? No material could have a static size. What happens at quantum gravity scales is surely below the scale at which any kind of matter could exist?
The Andromeda and Milkyway will take longer to fully merge than the time left before they begin to collide. It's on the scale of billions of years, but it's odd to think about.
Technically if you define their outer boundaries as the halo of dark matter and gas surrounding each galaxy then it has already begun as both galaxies halos have started to overlap with small amounts of star formation occurring out between the two galaxies a million light years out.
The time for the disk merger has however actually been pushed back a few billion years into the future thanks to the much larger than initially assumed mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud shifting the Local group Barycenter enough for Andromeda's first pass to initially miss. On the Other hand it also means the LMC is losing its angular velocity quickly to gas friction and thus is going to fall straight into the Milky Way in ~2 billion years
I thought the maths was hard but I know nothing about Pokemon!
Could you please consider putting closed captions on your videos? It would make them a lot more accessible to Deaf and Hard of Hearing people, as well as non-native English speakers and people with auditory processing issues.
Can we get all the lectures done during this time where they were done remotely, redone back in the lecture hall in person? These videos while wonderful informationally just don't hold the same in presentation when done in person.
Is that an answer to the Fremi paradox? We live in a rare galaxy. Next to a giant void.
3:24 warning, phone ads included!
Is this always going to be in a low quality format?
Could your phone be squeezed down to a neutron star? If you stopped squeezing before it became a black hole.
It's not massive enough to be a neutron star. If you applied an outside force to squeeze it down to neutron-star density, as soon as that outside force stopped, it would expand.
May i ask, if the stars in our galaxy orbit stably around the black hole like you suggest, then shouldn't we see a different galaxy shape when we look at milky way?
Doesn't the fact that our galaxy is a spiral, suggest that the mass (dust and stars with their planets) in those spiral arms is spiralling towards the centre (black hole)?
Also, if we consider that our star has a pretty stable mass, speed and distance from the center of the galaxy then in order to keep that stable orbit the centripetal force must also be stable. But since the black hole in the center of our galaxy is gorging on mass (hence the x-ray glow) then its mass and force is increasing so if the centripetal force is increasing then our star's mass, speed and distance doesn't meet the criteria anymore for a stable orbit. Is this correct?
I suggest yo take a look at Dr. Becky's channel. Recently made a video explaining how much influences the gravity of the central Blac Hole to a galaxy...
@@eljcd I will try that as well.
Are black holes stationary or can they be moving?
Stationary depends on your reference system. But yes, stellar black holes can move. And they do. Some get kicked out of their respective systems, just like stars when they come too close to each other.
I like the idea of molecules smashed so close together the laws of physic stop
💓 Coevolution 👍
A black hole is the center point of matter moving from high energy to low energy. Same as a cyclone, tornado, dirt devil, etc.. Just nature doing its thing, keeping the balance, completing the cycle.
What about light? Just a thought, but you did say there was a lot of it being produced. Whereas hydrogen will mostly orbit the black hole, light presumably will not. If light passes the event horizon and cannot escape, couldn't it be converted back into mass?
Oh, light can orbit around a Black Hole, like anything else! Remember, BHs warp the spacetime, and so they warp too the path that the things embedded in the spacetime must follow.
Do black hole mergers really require galaxy mergers, or is it possible for black holes formed from supernova's within a galaxy to merge with the galaxy's core black hole?
Dr Becky one of the most lovely things on TH-cam the other is Sherpa the malamute
Although some of the analogies presented during the introduction are a little confusing, I'm most grateful to understand that a black hole can exist on a gigantic scale, millions or even billions the mass of our sun or on a very tiny one. So, are we thinking that the existence of uncountable trillions of these can account for the missing mass in the universe? Just as the ejecta from supernovae contains fragmentary objects which can coalesce into larger objects on a planetary or solar scale, could there be a source capable of ejecting matter in the condition of black holes?
The mass of black holes is counted towards the mass of the universe. We know of them, they're not in any way hidden in those kinds of calculations.
Not joking but this is my first no. 1000th like in my life 😂
Man, I want the job of re-upholstering the universe. Imagine all the loose change I'll get in them there black holes ;)
Hi Royal Instituition, hi everyone, " learned a lot
about black holes, very good discusion ", :)
Seems if the rate of growth could be determined then some limits might be exposed.
Is dark matter falling into blackhole and that contributes to some % of growth in mass?
What would be the consequences of using a black hole as a disposal?
Pokémon? How adorable
Even if the black hole does not have an accretion disk, we can know that it exists due to the orbits of nearby stars.
About 9 minutes in, I hear a very commonly heard saying. The high gravity of the white dwarf pulls matter from a companion star it was orbiting, (words to that effect). Now, the white dwarf has shed mass, so is less dense than it was before it became a white dwarf, so it has less gravity. Now smaller and less dense, I can't see how it can then start to pull matter from the companion star.
White dwarfs are more dense than they were before. I'm not an astronomer, I just wanted to point that out.
The white dwarf has less matter in it then before it was a white dwarf. Thus, the attraction due to gravity must be lower. True, density was the wrong term.
Two objects with different mass can have the same gravitational pull on another, because this depends of the mass AND the distance. Now, a WD may be less massive than its companion star but, because it has so much higher Density,
the gravitational pull on its surface is bigger that on the companion and, in consecuence
the scape velocity of anything that left the surface.
As example the Sun's escape velocity is 617 km/s.
the white dwarf ZTF 1901+1458 is12797 km/s.
From the surface. The white dwarf is a LOT smaller than the red giant that preeeded it. Its surface is further away than it was before. I am still not seeing this.
@@adrianworley7060 Consider all the mass that is packed in that space. White Dwarfs tipically pack the mass of the Sun in the volume of the Earth.
Christ Church? What am I missing?
I now want to see a slasher movie in which a courageous astronomer has to evade a serial scientist killer in an abandoned telescope building.
i love how her YT handle has become her official name... lol.. i think an institute, a royal one at that should keep some norms, like using full names.
It's used in the slideshow itself, but the video title uses a name the most people would likely recognize if they were familiar with her. I don't think that's so bad.
The goal is maximizing viewership (and therefore spread of the information being presented), not some stubborn adherence to formality and tradition.
I think it’s good to use the name someone is known by. So titling this video “[…] with Dr Becky Smethurst” would be good, while “[…] with Dr Rebecca Smethurst” would not be nearly as recognisable.
Hovers, couch cushions, eggs and white yolk omelette. Dr. you know how to keep me awake.
Where did they (SM BH) come from in the first place, because there was just not enough time for them to form and yet, universe somehow seems to be doped with them. Strings, m-branas and multiverses are all nice but ephemeral and ultimatly unverifiable hypotheses.... and something that god-like on the borders of our knowledge - that's what makes me uneasy. Something, that we may never would be able to understand in the time given to us, formed it. Out there and around everywhere at the same time.
Love from india
It can’t be that hard because there are so many of them. We just don’t understand how they form.
Great video but the mass of the Sun is actually double what you say at 05:20 being 1.9885 x10 to the 30 kg. At the same distance the orbital time of Earth would be 515 days for a Sun of half the mass.
True, but does not matter on a log scale where you're dealing with orders of magnitude.
@@W00PIE It has nothing to do with log scales and everything to do with the Sun's mass.
@@roysutton3722 She simplifies the numbers because she wants to get the idea across, not do an exact calculation. It's the same with, let's say, the number of stars in our galaxy. The number is somewhat between 100 billion and 400 billion, but - for the big picture - it does not matter whether it is 100 billion or 400 billion. The order of magnitude is important, not the exact factor.
@@W00PIE I assumed an astrophysicist would round up 1.9885x10 30 kg to 2.000x10 30 but I guess not. Sorry to try to correct a gross error.
❤
i thought i recognise the voice - youtubes sucky algoritm dont work so i search trough watch later videos and came here through the channels videos
who want too see the useless "things " google are pushing on us -I guess its a part of theri manipulation and get the ai to funticion or figure out people -thats what they are doing in the dark