What did you think about my new endroll for Patreon members? I think it definitely looks better than the old static text. If you want to be on the spaceship or twinkle as a star (while supporting the channel!), join my Patreon here: www.patreon.com/astrumspace Thanks Alex
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
It’s great! But, that’s not a picture of a black hole. That’s a plasmoid. And yes, there are thousands of them. Black holes are STILL just a theory, along with white ones. Sorry. Try again.
Also, it’s electro-dynamic forces, not gravity. It’s a plasmoid breaking down and neutrons escaping those forces and shooting out in vast jets. Black holes are ludicrous if you think about it. If nothing can escape a black hole, why would ANYTHING escape it. Everything is a fractal. So everything that is observed in space, can be recreated on Earth, on a smaller scale. Plasma cosmologists can observe plasmoids in the lab. You can’t make a black hole in a lab because they don’t exist, because The Big Bang didn’t happen.
I'm not a physicist, but the idea that the 'big bang' is the outflow of a black hole has been stuck in my head for years. The idea of matter/energy conversion taking place inside an event horizon; Hawking Radiation being an equivalent to gasses being expelled from the barrel of a gun (particles get sucked in, waste particles grt ejected; Honestly, I have never heard of cone theory but it makes perfect sense to me, and manages to put actual science terminology, and proven equations, to my wild spacetime theories.
i think a lot of people have that idea bouncing around, it just seems so satisfying. maybe in another life ill be able to do the math to make sense of it.. but not this one!
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
You aren't the only one that has thought a white hole is the opposite end of a black hole. I've often wondered if the 'Hawking radiation' of a white hole isn't actually what we call dark matter or dark energy. Since we can't figure out how to make a white hole 'exist' it could also possibly be why we can't figure out dark energy/matter.
The one thing that's always been left out of discussions of white holes-until now-has been any theory of how they might be created. Something we do have for black holes. That always made them seem less connected to reality for me. So thank you for including a proposed mechanism by which they might come into existence.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
"discussions of white holes-until now" Odd, every 'scientific' discussion of white holes that I have seen has speculated on their origin, and usually says black holes . . . .
White holes are one of what are called "vacuum solutions" to General Relativity. They require the white hole to be empty space in an empty universe and to have always existed eternally forever in the past... for no "reason", spacetime is just curved like that. There's a vacuum black hole with identical requirements, and these two vacuum solutions are the same equation with the time coordinate flipped between positive and negative. Real, physically existing, black holes don't exist forever in a vacuum, because they form from collapsing supernovae. A real black hole is full of neutrons, and didn't exist some amount of time in the past. (Also probably has angular momentum, and electric charge.) Real black holes are messy.
Fantastic video as always, thank you ❤ Also, thank you for not burying the ad read in the middle, I don’t mind them, but having them as a trailer to the video is always preferable.
Just finished The White Holes by Carlo Rovelli a week ago and now watched this awesome video which expanded on the topic even more and made some things clearer for me! Thank you for making such a great content, been watching Astrum for many years now and subscribed to Patreon today😄
I like to think of our present Universe as the remnants of a White Hole. Going from nothing to an expansive mass of space time and particles, from deep in our past, that we can never go back to nor find the center of, fits the bill nicely.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
@@juliavixen176 We simply can not confirm that "space" existed before the Big Bang. :) It did happen everywhere at once the first time. It also nicely explains why everything didn't immediately collapse into a black hole upon creation if it was already a one way street.
As someone who spends a good amount of the day exploring possibilities inside his ADHD brain, I screamed with joy at the end of the video when you spoke about the possibility that our universe might have begun from within a collapsing black hole. To me, the similarities between what existed before the big bang and what resides inside a black hole are so strikingly significant that I can't help but think they are the same thing.
This pre-primordial putative black hole, however, wouldn't have decayed in mass through emission of Hawking radiation -- would it? Following the theories here, I was puzzled where the energy that comes out of a putative white hole came from, if there's nothing but a Planck mass speck inside the black hole that preceded it. The story seems incomplete, or I'm not getting something.
You’ll love to learn about cosmic natural selection. Basically each new black hole changes the constants of the new universe slightly and thus it produces universe with many black holes- one like ours
Thank you for covering this. I remembered studying it and read that it was first theorized In 1964 and as a young 90s baby and growing up. By 2008 I was obsessed with the concept of having a black hole consume everything and asked myself "there has to be a place it's discharging or renewing/transferring the energy" and that's when I stumbled upon white holes and have been obsessed ever since lol now mid 30s still have a strong believe these white holes and black holes connect with each other and if possible of some type of quantum defragmenting we could send a prototype through it and hopefully it would reconstruct, if the laws permit. Love the channel! Always appreciate the work you put in. 🙏💪
The possibility of finding out what's going on in a black hole / white hole, honestly, can get me so excited that I can't sleep. And when I can't sleep, I try to reconcile every single PLAUSIBLE theory that has ever been suggested. It's insane to think we are staring at the answer to every equation in physics.
I ve been obsessed with this for over 20 years the universe us a white whole each black hole is like a seed to a new universe where new time and space is created through big bangs/ whiteholes
"asked myself "there has to be a place it's discharging or renewing/transferring the energy" " Yes. They draw in matter around them... and they evaporate. And that's not just some crazy hypothesis. That's what actually happens to Black Holes. Amazing, ain't it? You don't need a white hole to explain the mechanics of a Black Hole. White Holes, if they exist, (which they most likely do not) are not likely to be the same phenomena as a Black Hole. In fact, though they are often linked to Black Holes -- they are only equivalent in that they are based on many assumptions. While the average person is convinced that they must exist. Most physicists don't believe in them at all.
@@Unethical.FandubsGames I'm quite happy to dismiss the light whole theory. I just want to know where all that s*** that's getting sucked into the black hole goes to? If Hawking Radiation is the only byproduct of a black hole, then I want to know that process. I mean the sci-fi side of my brain would be super psyched to have some kind of white hole or alternate dimensional theory get proven. But ultimately solving the mystery would be the most satisfying thing of all, regardless of the answer. Even if it's disappointing 😅
Beautifully done Alex! So glad I sat through the math which you kept accessible. Wormholes and white holes and parallel universes oh my! Yes, more please!
Dude he is just semi-science literate and gets his "science facts" from skimming over other peoples space facts on science forums and such. Then he figures out some way to create controversy about it, and edits another space video recycling the same old random space footage. I can promise you... that if science would have confirmed the existance of "white holes", then THIS is not the first place you would have heard about it.
@@divat10 Uh.... Where is the hate? I know a great deal of things on this, and these are not facts. Have I stepped on your american dream or something?
@@captain_context9991 i am not american but ok. it may not be the the definition of hate but i have seen 3 comments of yours that is just discrediting the video's without an explanation exept for that this isn't proven jet. astrum is just explaining a theory. some people like theories instead of what we definitively know now. i understand that may be hard for you to understand but thats just it.
YES YES YES PLEASE do a video about the big bounce or big contraction!! I’m obsessed with watching videos that touch on that theory!! Maybe you’ve already done it since I’m 3 weeks behind in content, but that’s how excited I’ll be whenever I see you’ve made it!! I just listened to an hour and 20 minute lecture from Cambridge University Astronomy’s TH-cam channel called “Echoes of the Big Bang - Probing the beginnings of the cosmos” or something very similar. It was absolutely fascinating, though, I admit a bit went over my head. But that’s ok, I think I’m absorbing 85% of the content of that talk. I don’t have my HS diploma. I’m AuDHD as they call it, or, I have Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD. I am a late diagnosed female(just a couple of months ago at 44) and I fell through the cracks in school, and through the healthcare system(though protocols were *much* different when I was a kid), so I made it to half way through junior year because of the anxiety that went with it. I don’t have any self confidence, though I’ve been told I have a high IQ. I’m scared to take the GED test and get my HS equivalency. I’ve built it up to be this huge thing. It’s gotten in the way to progress for me. Is 85% good, or would I understand more if I had finished the last two semesters of HS? I often think about what it would be like to go to college and get some kind of space science degree. I’m good at math. I adore science. Anyway, I love hearing anyone talk about cyclical universe theory/the big contraction/loop quantum theory/the big bounce!! Do eeeeet! 😁😂
As far as I know, when I took my GED, each subject had a total score of 800, and I needed 440 to pass. So long as you can read well, the only subject that could give you trouble would be the math. Refresh on high school math if that's a weak spot for you, and you should be just fine. Most of the other sections, like the science part, provide all the information you need to answer, so long as your reading comprehension is good. Judging by your writing, you'll be fine! And you can always try it again, if necessary. There might be a wait period for a retest but you wouldn't be banned from trying again.
As fascinating and beautifully presented as always. PLEASE do give us the follow up to this video. I need to watch this one again, stopping to internalise each piece of new information or new idea. There are some really mind-expanding ideas that can be generated.
As a photographer there's a time principal that any object can become "washed out" over too much time. If a black hole was observed over the duration of its existence, the collective Hawking radiation could technically be considered a white hole... when viewed along the "T" axis it would be a continuous emission of information until it is exhausted.
Perhaps white holes are simply the dark matter of other universes. The inverse of the inexorable collapse of the black hole becomes the inexorable expansion of the other. Becoming an infinite string of recursive collapse and expansion...
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
I was told there'd be no math. 😄 This is so far over my head, I am unable to express my ignorance of the subject. I bow to the people who can hold an intelligent discourse of the subject matter. 😵💫
Very well done presentation! That was pretty profound. The diagram you showed is known as the infinite knot. And surprisingly this symbol has been used as far back as the 14th century! They seemed to know of the multiverse even then and used the infinite knot symbol as the representation of it.
Hey I really like your profile picture and if you let me, I would make such an amazing mural out of it! If you don’t mind one of your post could be my inspiring muse for an art project i’m working on for a client. You will totally get paid for it as well as a bonus also get credits.
2:40 I love the idea that they are interconnected at a point of singularity. Forming an hourglass shape, which has even greater meaning. Considering that an hourglass is used to measure time. Time that can only flow in one direction. (Sounds similar to our most logical theories currently)
Commenting before I watch the whole video; if white holes are the opposite of black holes, which possess crushing levels of gravity, would a white hole be the opposite, areas of antigravity, or places where space actively pushes or repulses matter and light?
Idk about anti-gravity, they should repel matter/light in some way. Which is why I’ve always wondered if there’s a connection between dark energy and white holes.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Imagine recording a video of a black hole, then play that video backwards and what you see is a white hole. They're not physically possible because the "white hole" is one of several "vacuum solutions" to general relativity which require empty space in an empty universe, and spacetime has been curved in this particular way eternally forever in the past for no reason. Physically real black holes are messy, forming from collapsing supernovae or neutron star collisions... And 1. Having stuff inside of them 2. Having a begining in the finite past, not existing before stars.
I'm not sure about anti-gravity but if they exist as the end form of a black hole they likely have immense gravity that decays over time and with nothing able to enter I imagine it to be like a star where it's a giant ball of mass slowly growing until it stops. How this mass would become a whole universe would be an entirely new problem to solve
Well, Alex covered the Kerr-Penrose curfuffle very eloquently. Nice graphic to boot.👌 I wonder if the quasar SS 433’s particle acceleration so many light years away from it could possibly be quantum entangled in any way or if it is just the particles from its partner Star. Just curious.
As long as we insist on cars and roads we insist on construction and traffic cones. More cars, more roads, more cones. Rail, however, can be fixed without any problem for you, and it lasts damn near forever.
Hi Alex! For the record, I prefer my gravity to be loopy rather than stringy. I wanted to say that this is BY FAR one of the best descriptions of black/while hole topography. The way you explained it completely makes sense of something borderline nonsensical. Keep up the terrific work!
"The Builders of Roads" used a network of black holes to travel the universe. At least in the Perryverse. Nice to see decades old sci-fi see a revival.
Oh YES! More about the big bounce/white hole idea, it sounds like such a relief from all the black hole destruction and universe expansion death ideas.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
glad you did a vid on this. me and a friend wrote a paper on this subject a few years ago and its neat to see this idea getting around The paper focused more on the nature of the black holes interiors and logically refuted that relativity and conservation of energy would still exist within the event horizon. but what was really interesting was that the idea was later tested in a simulation. and it was found that relativity could work with a theoretical threshold. if the threshold was reached. it would reset. creating a pocket of spacetime that would expand faster then the speed of light so nothing can reach the edge. relative expansion and contraction of space occurs naturally with time dilation, what we see as the size of the black hole means nothing to how big the interior can be. the most interesting thing about this was the interior of this simulated black hole, ended up looking alot like what we thought the universe would look like at the big bang, where time bearly existed and thousand of lightyears of volume were created in what to us looked like a 10th of a second. which leads to a interesting and scary idea. what if our big bang was just another universes black hole, and were still in it.
Your final thought is what I believe the cosmological event horizon is. I think the "observable" universe is just that; the interior of a large black hole.
This is a fascinating subject, well presented and beautifully explained, as usual. It's highly likely that the physics us mere humans have concocted, in the very short time we've existed, to explain what we see around us is entirely wrong. And it's also likely that the parts we have correct are dismally incomplete. But that's what's so exciting about it all...since nobody can profess to know the answer to anything, there's always space for conjecture. And, in that, our understanding can evolve, much as we ourselves have evolved. Keep it up Alex - you are doing a sterling job indeed 👍
This is a concept that really interests me. For years I've thought about the idea that our universe could be the rememnants of a dead blackhole, or at least a blackhole that has lost enough mass through hawking radiation, that it can no longer sustain itself, releasing all of that potential energy and condensed matter in a a sort of a big bang. To take it a step further, blackholes could be universes in the making and that could explain the nature of parallel universes. It doesn't necessarily mean that a universe would be born within a universe from a white, due to the fact that the curvature of spacetime is so intense inside a black hole, that it could very well be flung into whatever fabric lays outside of our universe. Considering the time dilation, the creation of a new universe's coordinates could even be a point in time in the very far distant future. Awesome video, love this channel.
When I ask this, please know that I am a dilettante and there are various factors I may not see. From an outside perspective, I wonder if black holes have a duality, like everything else in the universe, from north-south pole, left-right electron spin, electrons and positrons. Is it possible that white holes are composed of dark matter, and that the property of light not escaping a black hole's gravity has something to do with why we don't see white holes. Gravity may also have a polarity, as we see with the acceleration of the expansion of universe, but I am not sure it's exactly what it seems. Empirically everything seems to come in dualistic pairs, but there is one aspect of existence that seems singular, and that is direction of time. Physicists and mathematicians frequently comment on the difficulty of the mathematics of black holes because you are dealing with a singularity, like trying to divide into 0. The question I ponder is: Could there be a reversal of time inside the black hole? We think of entropy as a natural state, from order to disorder, a truth that exists in no other form. But that can also be thought of as a direction too, right? Given that most, if not all, of existence is split into polar opposites, It's not a completely unfeasible concept to consider that time itself may also follow a similar symmetry, to which the other side must exist, but because of the flow of direction, we are unable to see. If the universe will eventually expand to nothingness, then an end seems as real as a beginning. In the case of a black hole, matter would get recycled, and start at the end and head toward the beginning on the other side, like a mirror universe of what matter used to be prior to entering the black hole, and heading towards our big bang. It would be akin to having a Big Crunch ending universe event rather than an accelerated expansion. I can't imagine how life, if it could, would exist in such a dynamic process, but if there were a semblance of what we think of life in our time-universe, its existence would be thought of as existing since the beginning of time, to which it will all end when it collapses on itself due to gravity. It would be about holding on to what exists, not building what never was before. The implications would be that having more gravitational effects from dark matter than visible light would signify nothing more than the phase to which this infinite cycle is being resonated in, meaning we are in the phase where there is more matter gobbled up by black holes than vice versa. These dualistic time-universes would be reciprocal to one another and exist between a BIG CRUNCH and an ACCELERATED EXPANSION or a BLACK HOLE and a BIG BANG. The opposite direction of time would explain why we may be able to feel its pull, but not see it. Perhaps GRAVITY is the only singular aspect of physics, that everything attracts because all that is, all that is dualistic, started as one. All of life seems to follow the golden ratio formula, but what is that formula? It's as simple as it gets, the Fibonacci sequence starts with 1+1, which equals 2, and you just keep adding (3, 5, 8, 13...). The higher you go in the sequence the closer you are to the irrational number of the golden ratio that is created by taking any number in that sequence and dividing by the previous number. But what does that really mean? That the same numerical element interacts in a manner that manifests in a result that is different from what is used to be. Of course we can calculate a negative golden ratio, but that requires going on the opposite DIRECTION of 0. Now, what happens if we take that same formula but shift it one on the number line, to create the directional symmetry I am discussing, so instead of 1+1, you have 1+(-1)... well, I think you know where I am heading, 0, the only true singularity.
In my religion, we live in a white hole. And every black hole is a white hole, just seen from different angles. But we'll never find white holes, because we're on the wrong side to see it. We only see black holes. My religion is inspired in Black Hole Cosmology, and since it's mine, I believe in whatever I want.
Oh, and in my religion, the background heat/noise is new matter entering our universe (i.e. matter being absorbed by a black hole in our "upper" universe, where we can't ever reach).
I think it's a stretch to say they are "equally consistent with our laws of physics." 😡 It would be more appropriate to say they are mathematically consistent with our laws of physics. When you use our generally accepted laws of physics to describe a white hole, you are extrapolating in the most extreme sense. And extrapolation is considered tenuous at best.
Just so I can dumb it down for myself... there are only THREE things we can see from a black hole are: The singularity; the event horizon; and our perspective, BUT the fourth phase could be a parallel universe?
I love this channel and others like it so much. I really love astronomy, but I cannot have it as a career due to a learning disability. Channels like this help me learn about astronomy in a way I can understand, which I greatly appreciate!
A very interesting book about this subject matter is "Black holes, the key to understanding the universe" by Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw. Just throwing it out there for people who are interested
I don’t know why but the idea of the white holes excites me to my core! And the fact that Big Bang could’ve potentially been a white hole just gives me chills. This video is everything i ever needed so now i can show my friends why this topic has so much of my interest😁 Would love to see more!
Hey I really like your profile picture and if you let me, I would make such an amazing mural out of it! If you don’t mind one of your post could be my inspiring muse for an art project i’m working on for a client. You will totally get paid for it as well as a bonus also get credits.
Human hubris is heavily biased, so much so that I challenge a fresh-slate-approach upon the weight of this question: "Why do we (our greatest minds) rigidly assume that the mathematical properties that holds our universe in balance has ANY influenceable properties within the (atm) uncalculatable forces at a black/white holes singularity?" If you use theorems from the centuries of time and can ignore the mathematical proofs towards this affect, you may achieve a less muddled perspective. Earth, Universe, Space, History - all are just infinitesimal and may be simplified into: Time itself. Understanding entropy in its simplest definition, dictates a balanced side of the equation. "The total entropy of any system does not decrease other than by increasing the entropy of some other system." If we assume (and we should NOT in this specific case) entropy is mathematically proofed in our visible universe, why does the math keep breaking down past anything touching a black/white holes' singularity? Logic must dictate a change has occurred, so we must explore that change in more depth. The Higgs Boson was huge to discover. The secret is attached to this discovery. Quantum physics is real now you say and provable? The secret to worm holes are also attached here. Dyson Sphere theories and other fringe ideas ALSO hold a key to this secret as they dabble on the observables (even if they perplex us mathematically atm) Fluid dynamics/light/energy/particles/atoms/protons/gluons/physical state/gravity/relativity/entropy/etc - all universal physical laws must be accounted for, so how are they all connected? ...........Time. Time is the skeleton key that our brains haven't fully comprehended yet, and Space Time is a game changer if you start to use it as a more malleable variable in equations. I'm not smart enough to think in more than 4 dimensions for long, but we can figure this out. The big question is: If you throw God (creator) into this, is this an easy way to explain things as they are......or the heavier question, maybe it's already written and we will never travel the stars until we accept certain extremes.
I think it's good to remember that the "laws of physics" are really just a current best fit model. A human way of conceptualising so that we can make useful predictions, it would be quite grandiose to assume that our models and concepts like mathematics are in fact laws governing the universe. The universe is not really governed by mathematics - the equations we use to model the universe are governed by mathematics, a human construct. When we talk about spacetime being curved or black holes having a particular geometry, we are using mathematical concepts as metaphors to help visualise and reason about the phenomena - this is wonderful for making accurate predictions, but one has to be careful not to reify the metaphor i.e use mathematical extrapolations as evidence. A prediction of an impossible object is probably more likely to be evidence of a flaw in our model, than the existence of the impossible object.
Somehow I always thought that the big bang was a white hole connected to a black hole in a parallel universe. Sounds good to know that my hunch may actually be a real thing. Black holes, wormholes and white holes were dramatized at the end of the movie Interstellar. Cooper travels through the inner horizon and escapes through a white hole although thats not explicitly stated in the movie. I never bought it but still it's kinda cool !!
To put it simply, black holes lead through wormholes to an extra dimensional mantle. Everything that enters, even light, is black or invisible. The mantle recycles and distributes the energy and particles that reach it. The energy and particles are then sent through quantum wormholes back into 4D space. Virtual particles is an example.
why is there 8 distinct regions of spacetime for a spinning black hole? you kind of just say that there is but I don't understand why. Can anyone help explain?
So something that’s always bothered me is technically you can’t touch/ go through a black hole. As you get closer to the event horizon, space time warps around you which slows you down/ alters how time moves around you. Right before you touch the event horizon, you’d be moving so slow it would take an infinite amount of time to move a single Planck length. Theoretically, you can’t cross the event horizon, thus you can’t cross over the EH You can only come right next to it, but never through it. Am I correct on this?
your perspective does not change. they appear to stop, to a outside observer, as time slows. it may take 10,000 years for you to actually pass threw by the observer frame of time. The one falling in would see 10,000 years flash by in a few minutes as the universe brightened and crunched down behind them into a dimming fish eye lense perspective. blackness would envelope most of the space around them (from light only being able to reach you from the path you enter) and then they would know they had passed the event horizon.
The event horizon of a black hole is not a physical thing (it's empty space), it's a coordinate singularity for a _distant_ observer at a constant radius from the black hole's center of mass. If you switch to using a coordinate system based on the proper time of an observer in free-fall (like Gullstrand-Painleve) nothing happens to them at the location where a distant observer sees an event horizon. The falling coordinate system is continuous all the way to the physical singularity at the black hole's center of mass.
Hey I really like your profile picture and if you let me, I would make such an amazing mural out of it! If you don’t mind one of your post could be my inspiring muse for an art project i’m working on for a client. You will totally get paid for it as well as a bonus also get credits.
Can somebody please explain how we can have "infinite past" when the big bang happened 13.8bn years ago? Are there not a finite, countable number of seconds in the past? Infinite past don't make sense to me.
Black holes / white holes, big bang / no big bang, time warps, dark matter / dark energy, parallel universes- It seems like no one really knows for sure any of this. To have all astro-scientists now questioning the big bang, and the fact that they may have to re-think the basic creation of the universe, indicates that they have been making 'best guesses' in many cases. I'm a confirmed science person but this is all very disappointing...
Old Indian writing talks about the universe being dead and born infinite times if I am not wrong...can this explanation of going in the black hole and going out in a new universe explain this knowledge coming from beings that traveled this way to the next universe that is beginning? Imagine if this is true and we have the answer in old Indian scrolls?
How’s this theory? I don’t know enough about the laws of physics to know where I’m completely wrong here so please forgive me for my ignorance. Time slows down the closer you get to a black hole relative to the passage of time in the rest of the universe, correct? Say you build a ship that wouldn’t be crushed or destroyed by gravity or all the forces swirling into a black hole. As you approach the event horizon, if you turned around 180 degrees from the black hole and peered at the rest of the universe, you would see everything moving quickly toward you. Even faster the closer you get to the event horizon. Ridiculously fast the moment before you reach the singularity. Like if you could see through all of the matter and light following you into the black hole, you would basically be seeing all of the stars in your galaxy spinning around but also zooming in toward you as their orbits decay. To someone viewing your peril from a planet a safe distance away, like halfway across the galaxy, you would look like you paused right before smashing into the singularity. They would live a long and happy life, and they would still see you paused there when they died, as would many generations to come. But from your perspective, that dead planet and the star it orbits would be flying toward you, since you’d be witnessing billions of years passing for the rest of the universe in a single second from your perspective. Would it not seem like all of the light in the universe were flowing into your eyeballs almost at once when you reach the singularity? I wouldn’t call all of this light a “hole”, but it sure would be a lot of white. I would, however, call it the opposite of a black hole, in a physical sense. At the singularity, if you now turned 90 degrees back toward the black hole, you would for example see nothing but black on your left, and nothing but white on your right. Like two opposites. The black hole you’re about to become part of to your left would be half of the universe as you perceive it, just a plane of pure darkness encompassing half of everything around you. To your right would be EVERYTHING else, ALL of the light and matter in the universe that hasn’t been sucked in yet, but it’s all about to be…
Great to see this finally talked about. Back in the early 2000s, Big Bang seemed like an odd place to claim the beginning. A more convenient explanation would involve a theory of elements/matter, and its origin and dispersal through a quantum foam of parallel universes. As areas of high pressure can breach into a lower pressure, this would naturally occur as mass came together through gravity and collapsed into a singularity. In one universe, an area of high pressure would be the blackhole, in the nearby (low pressure) universe, an area of dense material where stars form would be the inverse of this cone. If the conditions in these universes had led to different elements forming, then the earliest interactions with black and white holes would have involved basic elements. But as more volitale reactive elements get into the mix, perhaps backflow to previous universe becomes possible. If such an origin were possible, the big bang would be way, way down the line of mixed elements.
The first time I saw a white hole exploding I was in my teens. Time slowed down for me at that moment. Gravity seemed heavier just after. For sure it was an event horizon.
We've learned many things by observing the laws of Nature. Sometimes it can give us an insight into other aspects of Nature as well. We have discovered black holes. Maybe black holes recycle energy to keep a sort of equilibrium in our universe? Most things are made out of energy, matter, which is all different aspects of electromagnetic radiation.. Could black holes and the universe be following the laws of thermodynamics? Where matter cannot be created or destroyed only converted? Following the laws of entropy? Everything we know whether it's a star or an animal or a plant lives then dies. It's a universal behavior in nature? Why would all things die if it was a wasteful process? That wouldn't make sense? So why would black holes be wasteful and create singularities instead of converting energy? We are stuck in a very difficult perspective to understand any greater processes that exists through out our universe. I'm curious if the universe mirrors how an ecosystem functions? Where black holes transfer energy to different regions made by white holes. Maybe galactic filaments are immense regions of space that shows a sign of flow, current, just on scales so immense, passing so much time that it's hard for us to perceive it? I'm obviously totally hypothesizing here.. Regardless if I'm remotely right or wrong, It's fun to think about all these different what if's..
I never considered an explanation like this to the quantum paradox. I figured it was one of those things humanity was unable to process correctly. Or it may, might be this explanation. I have often thought this material could seed spacetime without detonation, being not especially in contact with normal matter. Thinking of antimatter somehow places it in Saudi-Arabia, but that would just be my internal gears missing a shift.
I have an idea. Four planes: Microspatial, macrospatial, and hyperspatial. 1. MICROSPATIAL: r, s, t axes. These take the shape of circles with two points on each: 1 and 0, signifying for different states( real/imaginary, top/down, etc. Quanta in any point on this three-dimensional plane cannot be at the “0” or “1” point on all of those axes at the same time, because it is not physically possible. A quantum particle might shift it’s position into an imaginary or complex number to perform quantum tunnelling or superposition, and then bring it back to a real number. Explains a lot of things. Remember, these axes are circular. This also means a quantum particle can choose to “exist” or not. Maybe the reason we don’t notice ourselves blinking in and out is either that we do it fast or half of our particles are in another state, making our net change 0. 2.MACROSPATIAL: x, y and z axes. These appear as straight lines, ranging from 0 to infinity. We are accustomed to this. 3. HYPERSPATIAL: u, v and w axes. These are so big we can barely understand. The axes for these might actually be spirals, as those are the third perfectly- shaped 1d manifold (straight line, circle, spiral. think about it.) and it is the only one that expands exponentially as it wraps around. However, spirals look confusing in 1d, so imagining it in 3d would be mind-bending. The thing to note is that this plane is all about exponential increase, instead of linear(macro) or in form of a sine/cosine wave(micro if look very well). Now, what could change an object’s quality exponentially(volume) and manipulate the macrospace? Scaling! So we can say that if you increase an object’s w axes from 1 to 2, the x, y and z would go from n to 2n at the same time! You can see how by adding v and u, things can escalate very quickly. 4. ALPHA-OMEGA: This consists of the alpha dimension(0D) and the omega dimension(10D) Don’t have any idea what they are, but the fact they exist before and after would indicate that the four planes like each’s three dimensions can be interchanged(rotation), meaning there is no order. I believe the word “time” is just a summary of hyperspace, same way that distance/space is a summary of macrospace. So altering Einstein’s space-time, I would propose (random name)-space-time, showing 3 axes representing micro, macro and hyperspace(then would alpha-omega signify as another 4th-dimensional time?) This theory also makes sense because for the dimensional limits, we have 0-1(oscillating change) 0- infinity(linear change) 0- infinity^2(exponential change) which could be rewritten as 0 - infinity^0 0- infinity^1 0- infinity^2 as you can see, 0 1 2. There you have it! 11 dimensions! I didn’t do any research, don’t shout at me.
If 3 dimensions make one plane, 4 planes makes one...universe I guess, then maybe there 5 nests(one in another) of universes, each universe containing infinity^11(for each dimension) other smaller ones. If each mini- universe is expanding, meaning it generates space, then maybe that space leaks through the infinite(but very small) border that block our universe from theirs. If infinity of those mini-universes are all leaking out tiny amounts of space, then that would also cause the expansion of our universe. This is a wild shot, but what if dark matter are just clumps of these "white-hole" universes, and black holes and normal matter are made of "black-hole" universes, which, instead of expanding, shrinks from infinity to a single point, a reverse big-bang. Maybe gravity doesn't PULL things together, maybe it DELETES space! Or maybe, incorporate spacetime bending, gravity might be storing space in a well of sorts, while antigravity, or dark energy is spewing out from that well. Or maybe the well is connected to another universe?
thanks so much for this think piece, Alex...video about interactions between black holes and dark matter and dark energy...? Your thoughts re. Roy Kerr's paper on the existence of singularities? Vote goes to Big bounce!
The big bounce theory is something that I have convinced myself is the only logical explanation of the “start” of the universe. We will never be able to see past a certain point due to the fact that as we peer further back in time we will run into the white hole. The extended Penrose diagram is a representation of the life cycle of the universe. I would love an in depth look into this and will be looking more into the loop quantum gravity! Great video❤
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What did you think about my new endroll for Patreon members? I think it definitely looks better than the old static text. If you want to be on the spaceship or twinkle as a star (while supporting the channel!), join my Patreon here: www.patreon.com/astrumspace
Thanks
Alex
That was a great endroll, Alex!
you really are a clickbait king aren't you!!!
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature.
White holes are dual to black holes.
Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality).
Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry.
White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent).
Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
It’s great!
But, that’s not a picture of a black hole. That’s a plasmoid. And yes, there are thousands of them. Black holes are STILL just a theory, along with white ones. Sorry. Try again.
Also, it’s electro-dynamic forces, not gravity. It’s a plasmoid breaking down and neutrons escaping those forces and shooting out in vast jets. Black holes are ludicrous if you think about it. If nothing can escape a black hole, why would ANYTHING escape it. Everything is a fractal. So everything that is observed in space, can be recreated on Earth, on a smaller scale. Plasma cosmologists can observe plasmoids in the lab. You can’t make a black hole in a lab because they don’t exist, because The Big Bang didn’t happen.
I'm not a physicist, but the idea that the 'big bang' is the outflow of a black hole has been stuck in my head for years. The idea of matter/energy conversion taking place inside an event horizon; Hawking Radiation being an equivalent to gasses being expelled from the barrel of a gun (particles get sucked in, waste particles grt ejected;
Honestly, I have never heard of cone theory but it makes perfect sense to me, and manages to put actual science terminology, and proven equations, to my wild spacetime theories.
i think a lot of people have that idea bouncing around, it just seems so satisfying. maybe in another life ill be able to do the math to make sense of it.. but not this one!
I literally came to the comments to say this in a less elegant way.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature.
White holes are dual to black holes.
Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality).
Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry.
White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent).
Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
Fractal physics
You aren't the only one that has thought a white hole is the opposite end of a black hole. I've often wondered if the 'Hawking radiation' of a white hole isn't actually what we call dark matter or dark energy. Since we can't figure out how to make a white hole 'exist' it could also possibly be why we can't figure out dark energy/matter.
The one thing that's always been left out of discussions of white holes-until now-has been any theory of how they might be created. Something we do have for black holes. That always made them seem less connected to reality for me. So thank you for including a proposed mechanism by which they might come into existence.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature.
White holes are dual to black holes.
Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality).
Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry.
White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent).
Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
@@hyperduality2838 and yet, where is all the antimatter?
@@mediawolf1dude posted this same comment about 15 times throughout this thread. I wouldn’t pay him any mind.
"discussions of white holes-until now" Odd, every 'scientific' discussion of white holes that I have seen has speculated on their origin, and usually says black holes . . . .
White holes are one of what are called "vacuum solutions" to General Relativity. They require the white hole to be empty space in an empty universe and to have always existed eternally forever in the past... for no "reason", spacetime is just curved like that. There's a vacuum black hole with identical requirements, and these two vacuum solutions are the same equation with the time coordinate flipped between positive and negative.
Real, physically existing, black holes don't exist forever in a vacuum, because they form from collapsing supernovae. A real black hole is full of neutrons, and didn't exist some amount of time in the past. (Also probably has angular momentum, and electric charge.) Real black holes are messy.
The best way you can learn EN is watching things that you really like. Thank you very much!
Fantastic video as always, thank you ❤ Also, thank you for not burying the ad read in the middle, I don’t mind them, but having them as a trailer to the video is always preferable.
Just finished The White Holes by Carlo Rovelli a week ago and now watched this awesome video which expanded on the topic even more and made some things clearer for me! Thank you for making such a great content, been watching Astrum for many years now and subscribed to Patreon today😄
Not the kind of holes video I was planning on watching before bed, but I'm here for it
Not the kind of cones I have in mind either, but this is equally mind bending
Holes, great movie to fall asleep to.
Different website, my guy.
( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Bro wanted YouPorn ended up on TH-cam
I like to think of our present Universe as the remnants of a White Hole. Going from nothing to an expansive mass of space time and particles, from deep in our past, that we can never go back to nor find the center of, fits the bill nicely.
It's like a giant fractal if you think about all the other black holes, constantly collapsing down and creating more and more universes.
@@DawnChatman or going back to the one that made us, its a fun either or.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature.
White holes are dual to black holes.
Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality).
Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry.
White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent).
Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
The big bang happened at every location in space. Black/White holes happen at only one single location in space.
@@juliavixen176 We simply can not confirm that "space" existed before the Big Bang. :) It did happen everywhere at once the first time. It also nicely explains why everything didn't immediately collapse into a black hole upon creation if it was already a one way street.
As someone who spends a good amount of the day exploring possibilities inside his ADHD brain, I screamed with joy at the end of the video when you spoke about the possibility that our universe might have begun from within a collapsing black hole. To me, the similarities between what existed before the big bang and what resides inside a black hole are so strikingly significant that I can't help but think they are the same thing.
I just suddenly started thinking of this also halfway through.. the more we kinda learn the more we realize we dont understand
This pre-primordial putative black hole, however, wouldn't have decayed in mass through emission of Hawking radiation -- would it? Following the theories here, I was puzzled where the energy that comes out of a putative white hole came from, if there's nothing but a Planck mass speck inside the black hole that preceded it. The story seems incomplete, or I'm not getting something.
The big bang happened at every location in space. Black/White holes happen at only one single location in space.
You’ll love to learn about cosmic natural selection. Basically each new black hole changes the constants of the new universe slightly and thus it produces universe with many black holes- one like ours
@@sprightlyrandom1550 What? That makes no logical sense and it's not even a theory.
This is amazing… do more videos like this!!
Yes make that video please, I can’t wait to watch it already. 😊
*_White Hole - Spewing Time - Engines Dead - Oxygen Supply Low_*
Given that god is infinite....would you like a toasted teacake?
So What is it?
@@davespages I've never seen one before -- no one has -- but I'm guessing it's
a white hole.
So what is it?
Only joking 😸
Thank you for covering this. I remembered studying it and read that it was first theorized In 1964 and as a young 90s baby and growing up. By 2008 I was obsessed with the concept of having a black hole consume everything and asked myself "there has to be a place it's discharging or renewing/transferring the energy" and that's when I stumbled upon white holes and have been obsessed ever since lol now mid 30s still have a strong believe these white holes and black holes connect with each other and if possible of some type of quantum defragmenting we could send a prototype through it and hopefully it would reconstruct, if the laws permit. Love the channel! Always appreciate the work you put in. 🙏💪
The possibility of finding out what's going on in a black hole / white hole, honestly, can get me so excited that I can't sleep. And when I can't sleep, I try to reconcile every single PLAUSIBLE theory that has ever been suggested.
It's insane to think we are staring at the answer to every equation in physics.
I ve been obsessed with this for over 20 years the universe us a white whole each black hole is like a seed to a new universe where new time and space is created through big bangs/ whiteholes
"asked myself "there has to be a place it's discharging or renewing/transferring the energy" "
Yes. They draw in matter around them... and they evaporate. And that's not just some crazy hypothesis. That's what actually happens to Black Holes. Amazing, ain't it? You don't need a white hole to explain the mechanics of a Black Hole.
White Holes, if they exist, (which they most likely do not) are not likely to be the same phenomena as a Black Hole. In fact, though they are often linked to Black Holes -- they are only equivalent in that they are based on many assumptions. While the average person is convinced that they must exist. Most physicists don't believe in them at all.
@@Unethical.FandubsGames I'm quite happy to dismiss the light whole theory. I just want to know where all that s*** that's getting sucked into the black hole goes to? If Hawking Radiation is the only byproduct of a black hole, then I want to know that process.
I mean the sci-fi side of my brain would be super psyched to have some kind of white hole or alternate dimensional theory get proven. But ultimately solving the mystery would be the most satisfying thing of all, regardless of the answer. Even if it's disappointing 😅
Beautifully done Alex! So glad I sat through the math which you kept accessible. Wormholes and white holes and parallel universes oh my! Yes, more please!
Hello 👋
Cool
That was a fascinating topic/theory. I'd love to hear more.
i love you astrum and i love all your videos, they make me see the world so differently
i've been watching your videos for a while, but it was THIS video that convinced me to subscribe
So what is it?
I’ve never seen one before - no one has - but I’m guessing it’s a white hole.
@@mr.spatula4833A white hole?
@@mr.spatula4833A white hole??
a person of culture I see.
@@TheWatcherxx99 Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. A black hole sucks time and matter *out* of the universe. A white hole *returns* it.
Best explanation of Penrose Diagram I've ever heard! Thank you, kind sir!
This dude has the best amicable difference of opinion arguments I've ever seen
Kudos
Dude he is just semi-science literate and gets his "science facts" from skimming over other peoples space facts on science forums and such. Then he figures out some way to create controversy about it, and edits another space video recycling the same old random space footage.
I can promise you... that if science would have confirmed the existance of "white holes", then THIS is not the first place you would have heard about it.
@@captain_context9991 don't you have anything other to do than spread hate comments?
@@divat10
Uh.... Where is the hate? I know a great deal of things on this, and these are not facts.
Have I stepped on your american dream or something?
@@captain_context9991 i am not american but ok.
it may not be the the definition of hate but i have seen 3 comments of yours that is just discrediting the video's without an explanation exept for that this isn't proven jet. astrum is just explaining a theory. some people like theories instead of what we definitively know now.
i understand that may be hard for you to understand but thats just it.
@@captain_context9991Just curious, what kind of work do you do?
YES YES YES PLEASE do a video about the big bounce or big contraction!! I’m obsessed with watching videos that touch on that theory!! Maybe you’ve already done it since I’m 3 weeks behind in content, but that’s how excited I’ll be whenever I see you’ve made it!!
I just listened to an hour and 20 minute lecture from Cambridge University Astronomy’s TH-cam channel called “Echoes of the Big Bang - Probing the beginnings of the cosmos” or something very similar. It was absolutely fascinating, though, I admit a bit went over my head. But that’s ok, I think I’m absorbing 85% of the content of that talk.
I don’t have my HS diploma. I’m AuDHD as they call it, or, I have Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD. I am a late diagnosed female(just a couple of months ago at 44) and I fell through the cracks in school, and through the healthcare system(though protocols were *much* different when I was a kid), so I made it to half way through junior year because of the anxiety that went with it.
I don’t have any self confidence, though I’ve been told I have a high IQ. I’m scared to take the GED test and get my HS equivalency. I’ve built it up to be this huge thing. It’s gotten in the way to progress for me. Is 85% good, or would I understand more if I had finished the last two semesters of HS?
I often think about what it would be like to go to college and get some kind of space science degree. I’m good at math. I adore science.
Anyway, I love hearing anyone talk about cyclical universe theory/the big contraction/loop quantum theory/the big bounce!! Do eeeeet! 😁😂
As far as I know, when I took my GED, each subject had a total score of 800, and I needed 440 to pass. So long as you can read well, the only subject that could give you trouble would be the math. Refresh on high school math if that's a weak spot for you, and you should be just fine. Most of the other sections, like the science part, provide all the information you need to answer, so long as your reading comprehension is good.
Judging by your writing, you'll be fine! And you can always try it again, if necessary. There might be a wait period for a retest but you wouldn't be banned from trying again.
As fascinating and beautifully presented as always. PLEASE do give us the follow up to this video. I need to watch this one again, stopping to internalise each piece of new information or new idea. There are some really mind-expanding ideas that can be generated.
As a photographer there's a time principal that any object can become "washed out" over too much time. If a black hole was observed over the duration of its existence, the collective Hawking radiation could technically be considered a white hole... when viewed along the "T" axis it would be a continuous emission of information until it is exhausted.
Perhaps white holes are simply the dark matter of other universes. The inverse of the inexorable collapse of the black hole becomes the inexorable expansion of the other. Becoming an infinite string of recursive collapse and expansion...
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature.
White holes are dual to black holes.
Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality).
Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry.
White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent).
Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
@@hyperduality2838dude, how many time your gonna copy and paste this throughout the comments here. Jesus. Calm down.
@@BDB78 people will spend their entire lives trying anything to get their crazy physics fanfic published - except learn math hahaha
OHMYGOD more of this yes please!
My white whole exploded for a week after my trip to Mexico
That’s a brown hole.
Funny cos my black hole did the same after eating at el salvos 😂
Bruh
HA
10/10
Alex, let me just tell you that your contribution to bringing science to the masses is of such great importance. Thank you for all you do
Bert
More Please!
This video is wonderful! Please do another video continuing with this concept of black holes creating white holes that create universes!😊
I was told there'd be no math. 😄 This is so far over my head, I am unable to express my ignorance of the subject. I bow to the people who can hold an intelligent discourse of the subject matter. 😵💫
Bill
Very well done presentation! That was pretty profound. The diagram you showed is known as the infinite knot. And surprisingly this symbol has been used as far back as the 14th century! They seemed to know of the multiverse even then and used the infinite knot symbol as the representation of it.
Hey I really like your profile picture and if you let me, I would make such an amazing mural out of it! If you don’t mind one of your post could be my inspiring muse for an art project i’m working on for a client. You will totally get paid for it as well as a bonus also get credits.
2:40
I love the idea that they are interconnected at a point of singularity. Forming an hourglass shape, which has even greater meaning. Considering that an hourglass is used to measure time. Time that can only flow in one direction. (Sounds similar to our most logical theories currently)
What if the white holes are the dark energy? That expands the universe?
Commenting before I watch the whole video; if white holes are the opposite of black holes, which possess crushing levels of gravity, would a white hole be the opposite, areas of antigravity, or places where space actively pushes or repulses matter and light?
Idk about anti-gravity, they should repel matter/light in some way. Which is why I’ve always wondered if there’s a connection between dark energy and white holes.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature.
White holes are dual to black holes.
Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality).
Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry.
White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent).
Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Imagine recording a video of a black hole, then play that video backwards and what you see is a white hole. They're not physically possible because the "white hole" is one of several "vacuum solutions" to general relativity which require empty space in an empty universe, and spacetime has been curved in this particular way eternally forever in the past for no reason.
Physically real black holes are messy, forming from collapsing supernovae or neutron star collisions... And 1. Having stuff inside of them 2. Having a begining in the finite past, not existing before stars.
I'm not sure about anti-gravity but if they exist as the end form of a black hole they likely have immense gravity that decays over time and with nothing able to enter I imagine it to be like a star where it's a giant ball of mass slowly growing until it stops. How this mass would become a whole universe would be an entirely new problem to solve
Well, Alex covered the Kerr-Penrose curfuffle very eloquently. Nice graphic to boot.👌
I wonder if the quasar SS 433’s particle acceleration so many light years away from it could possibly be quantum entangled in any way or if it is just the particles from its partner Star. Just curious.
If only traffic cones could become more difficult to produce and are phased out. I swear they are taking over in my location of space-time
Oh man, unlucky. My area of space time hasn't seen a traffic cone for a while. Though my area of space time is quite small
As long as we insist on cars and roads we insist on construction and traffic cones. More cars, more roads, more cones.
Rail, however, can be fixed without any problem for you, and it lasts damn near forever.
Though unless car-planes (flying cars) become viable for the masses, we're stuck with traffic cones.
Hi Alex! For the record, I prefer my gravity to be loopy rather than stringy. I wanted to say that this is BY FAR one of the best descriptions of black/while hole topography. The way you explained it completely makes sense of something borderline nonsensical. Keep up the terrific work!
"The Builders of Roads" used a network of black holes to travel the universe. At least in the Perryverse. Nice to see decades old sci-fi see a revival.
Donald
Oh YES! More about the big bounce/white hole idea, it sounds like such a relief from all the black hole destruction and universe expansion death ideas.
Keep 'em coming Astrum!!! Great stuff, as always!! Fascinating, thought-provoking videos!!!!
Very interesting but also very relaxing, too relaxing because I just fell asleep with the phone in my hand when you described the pennrose diagram 😅
White holes are big bangs
Or little bangs
They are medium bangs.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature.
White holes are dual to black holes.
Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality).
Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry.
White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent).
Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
glad you did a vid on this. me and a friend wrote a paper on this subject a few years ago and its neat to see this idea getting around
The paper focused more on the nature of the black holes interiors and logically refuted that relativity and conservation of energy would still exist within the event horizon.
but what was really interesting was that the idea was later tested in a simulation. and it was found that relativity could work with a theoretical threshold.
if the threshold was reached. it would reset. creating a pocket of spacetime that would expand faster then the speed of light so nothing can reach the edge.
relative expansion and contraction of space occurs naturally with time dilation, what we see as the size of the black hole means nothing to how big the interior can be.
the most interesting thing about this was the interior of this simulated black hole, ended up looking alot like what we thought the universe would look like at the big bang, where time bearly existed and thousand of lightyears of volume were created in what to us looked like a 10th of a second. which leads to a interesting and scary idea.
what if our big bang was just another universes black hole, and were still in it.
Your final thought is what I believe the cosmological event horizon is. I think the "observable" universe is just that; the interior of a large black hole.
I wonder what other holes there are on the chromatic spectrum.
The quest to find the elusive brown holes continues!
I wonder if a Uranus is a type of hole
I know of a pink hole, would you like to see it? It may have a little brown on it, as well
While that is definitely funny, there are no white holes.
@@RADFROOD25prolapsar? sorry ;)
Plenty of assholes out there!
This is a fascinating subject, well presented and beautifully explained, as usual.
It's highly likely that the physics us mere humans have concocted, in the very short time we've existed, to explain what we see around us is entirely wrong. And it's also likely that the parts we have correct are dismally incomplete. But that's what's so exciting about it all...since nobody can profess to know the answer to anything, there's always space for conjecture. And, in that, our understanding can evolve, much as we ourselves have evolved.
Keep it up Alex - you are doing a sterling job indeed 👍
Tod
Cat: So what is it?!
I was hoping Dwarfer's were still around, thank you internet
Love to hear more about the Big Bounce
What if the big bang was a white hole
That was- what he was sayin in the video.
this is so perfect to watch for advanced space docu watchers like me xD i love these real ideas so much to daydream about.
(Cat) So what is it?
Hello 👋
I’ve never seen one before, no one has. But my guess is that it’s a white hole.
@@peterdefrankrijker A *white* hole?
@@XXSkunkWorksXX Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. A black hole sucks time and matter out of the universe, a white hole returns it.
This is a concept that really interests me. For years I've thought about the idea that our universe could be the rememnants of a dead blackhole, or at least a blackhole that has lost enough mass through hawking radiation, that it can no longer sustain itself, releasing all of that potential energy and condensed matter in a a sort of a big bang. To take it a step further, blackholes could be universes in the making and that could explain the nature of parallel universes. It doesn't necessarily mean that a universe would be born within a universe from a white, due to the fact that the curvature of spacetime is so intense inside a black hole, that it could very well be flung into whatever fabric lays outside of our universe. Considering the time dilation, the creation of a new universe's coordinates could even be a point in time in the very far distant future. Awesome video, love this channel.
John
@@EvelynLogan-od7zc Evelyn 😉😅
These concepts not only fill me with awe and wonder but also extreme existential terror
When I ask this, please know that I am a dilettante and there are various factors I may not see. From an outside perspective, I wonder if black holes have a duality, like everything else in the universe, from north-south pole, left-right electron spin, electrons and positrons. Is it possible that white holes are composed of dark matter, and that the property of light not escaping a black hole's gravity has something to do with why we don't see white holes. Gravity may also have a polarity, as we see with the acceleration of the expansion of universe, but I am not sure it's exactly what it seems.
Empirically everything seems to come in dualistic pairs, but there is one aspect of existence that seems singular, and that is direction of time. Physicists and mathematicians frequently comment on the difficulty of the mathematics of black holes because you are dealing with a singularity, like trying to divide into 0.
The question I ponder is: Could there be a reversal of time inside the black hole? We think of entropy as a natural state, from order to disorder, a truth that exists in no other form. But that can also be thought of as a direction too, right? Given that most, if not all, of existence is split into polar opposites, It's not a completely unfeasible concept to consider that time itself may also follow a similar symmetry, to which the other side must exist, but because of the flow of direction, we are unable to see.
If the universe will eventually expand to nothingness, then an end seems as real as a beginning. In the case of a black hole, matter would get recycled, and start at the end and head toward the beginning on the other side, like a mirror universe of what matter used to be prior to entering the black hole, and heading towards our big bang. It would be akin to having a Big Crunch ending universe event rather than an accelerated expansion. I can't imagine how life, if it could, would exist in such a dynamic process, but if there were a semblance of what we think of life in our time-universe, its existence would be thought of as existing since the beginning of time, to which it will all end when it collapses on itself due to gravity. It would be about holding on to what exists, not building what never was before.
The implications would be that having more gravitational effects from dark matter than visible light would signify nothing more than the phase to which this infinite cycle is being resonated in, meaning we are in the phase where there is more matter gobbled up by black holes than vice versa. These dualistic time-universes would be reciprocal to one another and exist between a BIG CRUNCH and an ACCELERATED EXPANSION or a BLACK HOLE and a BIG BANG. The opposite direction of time would explain why we may be able to feel its pull, but not see it. Perhaps GRAVITY is the only singular aspect of physics, that everything attracts because all that is, all that is dualistic, started as one.
All of life seems to follow the golden ratio formula, but what is that formula? It's as simple as it gets, the Fibonacci sequence starts with 1+1, which equals 2, and you just keep adding (3, 5, 8, 13...). The higher you go in the sequence the closer you are to the irrational number of the golden ratio that is created by taking any number in that sequence and dividing by the previous number. But what does that really mean? That the same numerical element interacts in a manner that manifests in a result that is different from what is used to be. Of course we can calculate a negative golden ratio, but that requires going on the opposite DIRECTION of 0. Now, what happens if we take that same formula but shift it one on the number line, to create the directional symmetry I am discussing, so instead of 1+1, you have 1+(-1)... well, I think you know where I am heading, 0, the only true singularity.
In my religion, we live in a white hole.
And every black hole is a white hole, just seen from different angles. But we'll never find white holes, because we're on the wrong side to see it. We only see black holes.
My religion is inspired in Black Hole Cosmology, and since it's mine, I believe in whatever I want.
Oh, and in my religion, the background heat/noise is new matter entering our universe (i.e. matter being absorbed by a black hole in our "upper" universe, where we can't ever reach).
Hello 👋
I think it's a stretch to say they are "equally consistent with our laws of physics." 😡
It would be more appropriate to say they are mathematically consistent with our laws of physics. When you use our generally accepted laws of physics to describe a white hole, you are extrapolating in the most extreme sense. And extrapolation is considered tenuous at best.
I liked the other guys comment, as well as my own.
I liked your comment.
That's the beauty of Quantum Mechanics!
facinating indeed
Just so I can dumb it down for myself... there are only THREE things we can see from a black hole are: The singularity; the event horizon; and our perspective, BUT the fourth phase could be a parallel universe?
We cant "see" past anything but the event horizon. Thats why its a horizon.
Really, really amazing stuff. I had to focus intently on not letting my brain break! Amazing presentation.
I liked my own comment
Gooooooooooood goooooood let the hate take control
Your comment is what a comment should be pure and simple
*If this isn’t pinned I will unsubscribe!!!*
I liked your comment and mine
I liked my own comment and all of your comments.
I love this channel and others like it so much. I really love astronomy, but I cannot have it as a career due to a learning disability. Channels like this help me learn about astronomy in a way I can understand, which I greatly appreciate!
A very interesting book about this subject matter is "Black holes, the key to understanding the universe" by Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw. Just throwing it out there for people who are interested
Great vid Alex.
If you could enter a black hole and then move back out of it FTL; would you arrive many years in the future?
I don’t know why but the idea of the white holes excites me to my core! And the fact that Big Bang could’ve potentially been a white hole just gives me chills. This video is everything i ever needed so now i can show my friends why this topic has so much of my interest😁 Would love to see more!
Hey I really like your profile picture and if you let me, I would make such an amazing mural out of it! If you don’t mind one of your post could be my inspiring muse for an art project i’m working on for a client. You will totally get paid for it as well as a bonus also get credits.
please more of this!
Human hubris is heavily biased, so much so that I challenge a fresh-slate-approach upon the weight of this question: "Why do we (our greatest minds) rigidly assume that the mathematical properties that holds our universe in balance has ANY influenceable properties within the (atm) uncalculatable forces at a black/white holes singularity?"
If you use theorems from the centuries of time and can ignore the mathematical proofs towards this affect, you may achieve a less muddled perspective.
Earth, Universe, Space, History - all are just infinitesimal and may be simplified into: Time itself.
Understanding entropy in its simplest definition, dictates a balanced side of the equation.
"The total entropy of any system does not decrease other than by increasing the entropy of some other system."
If we assume (and we should NOT in this specific case) entropy is mathematically proofed in our visible universe, why does the math keep breaking down past anything touching a black/white holes' singularity?
Logic must dictate a change has occurred, so we must explore that change in more depth.
The Higgs Boson was huge to discover.
The secret is attached to this discovery.
Quantum physics is real now you say and provable?
The secret to worm holes are also attached here.
Dyson Sphere theories and other fringe ideas ALSO hold a key to this secret as they dabble on the observables (even if they perplex us mathematically atm)
Fluid dynamics/light/energy/particles/atoms/protons/gluons/physical state/gravity/relativity/entropy/etc - all universal physical laws must be accounted for, so how are they all connected? ...........Time.
Time is the skeleton key that our brains haven't fully comprehended yet, and Space Time is a game changer if you start to use it as a more malleable
variable in equations.
I'm not smart enough to think in more than 4 dimensions for long, but we can figure this out.
The big question is: If you throw God (creator) into this, is this an easy way to explain things as they are......or the heavier question, maybe it's already written and we will never travel the stars until we accept certain extremes.
Hey 👋
I think it's good to remember that the "laws of physics" are really just a current best fit model. A human way of conceptualising so that we can make useful predictions, it would be quite grandiose to assume that our models and concepts like mathematics are in fact laws governing the universe. The universe is not really governed by mathematics - the equations we use to model the universe are governed by mathematics, a human construct. When we talk about spacetime being curved or black holes having a particular geometry, we are using mathematical concepts as metaphors to help visualise and reason about the phenomena - this is wonderful for making accurate predictions, but one has to be careful not to reify the metaphor i.e use mathematical extrapolations as evidence. A prediction of an impossible object is probably more likely to be evidence of a flaw in our model, than the existence of the impossible object.
2:53.
never in my 30 years have i seen this animation.
its amazing. thats where the spin comes from?
Somehow I always thought that the big bang was a white hole connected to a black hole in a parallel universe. Sounds good to know that my hunch may actually be a real thing.
Black holes, wormholes and white holes were dramatized at the end of the movie Interstellar. Cooper travels through the inner horizon and escapes through a white hole although thats not explicitly stated in the movie. I never bought it but still it's kinda cool !!
Hello 👋
Yes I would like to hear more about the Big Bounce!! 😁
I would absolutely love to hear about the big bounce theory!! Thats so cool, omg
To put it simply, black holes lead through wormholes to an extra dimensional mantle. Everything that enters, even light, is black or invisible.
The mantle recycles and distributes the energy and particles that reach it.
The energy and particles are then sent through quantum wormholes back into 4D space. Virtual particles is an example.
Yes, please, a video about the big bounce would be great.
why is there 8 distinct regions of spacetime for a spinning black hole? you kind of just say that there is but I don't understand why. Can anyone help explain?
So something that’s always bothered me is technically you can’t touch/ go through a black hole. As you get closer to the event horizon, space time warps around you which slows you down/ alters how time moves around you. Right before you touch the event horizon, you’d be moving so slow it would take an infinite amount of time to move a single Planck length.
Theoretically, you can’t cross the event horizon, thus you can’t cross over the EH
You can only come right next to it, but never through it.
Am I correct on this?
your perspective does not change. they appear to stop, to a outside observer, as time slows.
it may take 10,000 years for you to actually pass threw by the observer frame of time. The one falling in would see 10,000 years flash by in a few minutes as the universe brightened and crunched down behind them into a dimming fish eye lense perspective. blackness would envelope most of the space around them (from light only being able to reach you from the path you enter) and then they would know they had passed the event horizon.
The event horizon of a black hole is not a physical thing (it's empty space), it's a coordinate singularity for a _distant_ observer at a constant radius from the black hole's center of mass. If you switch to using a coordinate system based on the proper time of an observer in free-fall (like Gullstrand-Painleve) nothing happens to them at the location where a distant observer sees an event horizon. The falling coordinate system is continuous all the way to the physical singularity at the black hole's center of mass.
Of course we want to hear more.
Hey I really like your profile picture and if you let me, I would make such an amazing mural out of it! If you don’t mind one of your post could be my inspiring muse for an art project i’m working on for a client. You will totally get paid for it as well as a bonus also get credits.
This video made me think of that Tim & Eric sketch about The Universe, with all the diagrams and cones
Can somebody please explain how we can have "infinite past" when the big bang happened 13.8bn years ago? Are there not a finite, countable number of seconds in the past? Infinite past don't make sense to me.
Michael
Black holes / white holes, big bang / no big bang, time warps, dark matter / dark energy, parallel universes- It seems like no one really knows for sure any of this.
To have all astro-scientists now questioning the big bang, and the fact that they may have to re-think the basic creation of the universe, indicates that they have been making 'best guesses' in many cases. I'm a confirmed science person but this is all very disappointing...
David
Yes, more, please.
Old Indian writing talks about the universe being dead and born infinite times if I am not wrong...can this explanation of going in the black hole and going out in a new universe explain this knowledge coming from beings that traveled this way to the next universe that is beginning? Imagine if this is true and we have the answer in old Indian scrolls?
Melvin
How’s this theory? I don’t know enough about the laws of physics to know where I’m completely wrong here so please forgive me for my ignorance.
Time slows down the closer you get to a black hole relative to the passage of time in the rest of the universe, correct?
Say you build a ship that wouldn’t be crushed or destroyed by gravity or all the forces swirling into a black hole. As you approach the event horizon, if you turned around 180 degrees from the black hole and peered at the rest of the universe, you would see everything moving quickly toward you. Even faster the closer you get to the event horizon. Ridiculously fast the moment before you reach the singularity. Like if you could see through all of the matter and light following you into the black hole, you would basically be seeing all of the stars in your galaxy spinning around but also zooming in toward you as their orbits decay.
To someone viewing your peril from a planet a safe distance away, like halfway across the galaxy, you would look like you paused right before smashing into the singularity. They would live a long and happy life, and they would still see you paused there when they died, as would many generations to come. But from your perspective, that dead planet and the star it orbits would be flying toward you, since you’d be witnessing billions of years passing for the rest of the universe in a single second from your perspective.
Would it not seem like all of the light in the universe were flowing into your eyeballs almost at once when you reach the singularity? I wouldn’t call all of this light a “hole”, but it sure would be a lot of white. I would, however, call it the opposite of a black hole, in a physical sense.
At the singularity, if you now turned 90 degrees back toward the black hole, you would for example see nothing but black on your left, and nothing but white on your right.
Like two opposites.
The black hole you’re about to become part of to your left would be half of the universe as you perceive it, just a plane of pure darkness encompassing half of everything around you. To your right would be EVERYTHING else, ALL of the light and matter in the universe that hasn’t been sucked in yet, but it’s all about to be…
Hello 👋
@@EvelynLogan-od7zc hi
Great to see this finally talked about. Back in the early 2000s, Big Bang seemed like an odd place to claim the beginning.
A more convenient explanation would involve a theory of elements/matter, and its origin and dispersal through a quantum foam of parallel universes. As areas of high pressure can breach into a lower pressure, this would naturally occur as mass came together through gravity and collapsed into a singularity.
In one universe, an area of high pressure would be the blackhole, in the nearby (low pressure) universe, an area of dense material where stars form would be the inverse of this cone.
If the conditions in these universes had led to different elements forming, then the earliest interactions with black and white holes would have involved basic elements. But as more volitale reactive elements get into the mix, perhaps backflow to previous universe becomes possible.
If such an origin were possible, the big bang would be way, way down the line of mixed elements.
Imagine the universe like a sea of foam bubbles, infinitely popping and creating new universes and spacetimes
The first time I saw a white hole exploding I was in my teens.
Time slowed down for me at that moment.
Gravity seemed heavier just after.
For sure it was an event horizon.
We've learned many things by observing the laws of Nature. Sometimes it can give us an insight into other aspects of Nature as well. We have discovered black holes. Maybe black holes recycle energy to keep a sort of equilibrium in our universe? Most things are made out of energy, matter, which is all different aspects of electromagnetic radiation.. Could black holes and the universe be following the laws of thermodynamics? Where matter cannot be created or destroyed only converted? Following the laws of entropy? Everything we know whether it's a star or an animal or a plant lives then dies. It's a universal behavior in nature? Why would all things die if it was a wasteful process? That wouldn't make sense? So why would black holes be wasteful and create singularities instead of converting energy? We are stuck in a very difficult perspective to understand any greater processes that exists through out our universe. I'm curious if the universe mirrors how an ecosystem functions? Where black holes transfer energy to different regions made by white holes. Maybe galactic filaments are immense regions of space that shows a sign of flow, current, just on scales so immense, passing so much time that it's hard for us to perceive it? I'm obviously totally hypothesizing here..
Regardless if I'm remotely right or wrong, It's fun to think about all these different what if's..
Ben
@@EvelynLogan-od7zc Evelyn
@@benmcreynolds8581 were you from? howdy from the states?what social media you got?🤨
I would totally be interested in the future video mentioned at the end
I never considered an explanation like this to the quantum paradox. I figured it was one of those things humanity was unable to process correctly. Or it may, might be this explanation. I have often thought this material could seed spacetime without detonation, being not especially in contact with normal matter. Thinking of antimatter somehow places it in Saudi-Arabia, but that would just be my internal gears missing a shift.
Well done. Compelling stuff!
do The BIG Bounce.
Please follow up with a deeper dive on the singularity... I always thought it was the same as the event horizon, now I'm confused
Great channel. Even a dummy like me who struggled with calculus can grasp most of it.
Good one.
I have an idea.
Four planes: Microspatial, macrospatial, and hyperspatial.
1. MICROSPATIAL: r, s, t axes. These take the shape of circles with two points on each: 1 and 0, signifying for different states( real/imaginary, top/down, etc. Quanta in any point on this three-dimensional plane cannot be at the “0” or “1” point on all of those axes at the same time, because it is not physically possible. A quantum particle might shift it’s position into an imaginary or complex number to perform quantum tunnelling or superposition, and then bring it back to a real number. Explains a lot of things. Remember, these axes are circular. This also means a quantum particle can choose to “exist” or not. Maybe the reason we don’t notice ourselves blinking in and out is either that we do it fast or half of our particles are in another state, making our net change 0.
2.MACROSPATIAL: x, y and z axes. These appear as straight lines, ranging from 0 to infinity. We are accustomed to this.
3. HYPERSPATIAL: u, v and w axes. These are so big we can barely understand. The axes for these might actually be spirals, as those are the third perfectly- shaped 1d manifold (straight line, circle, spiral. think about it.) and it is the only one that expands exponentially as it wraps around. However, spirals look confusing in 1d, so imagining it in 3d would be mind-bending. The thing to note is that this plane is all about exponential increase, instead of linear(macro) or in form of a sine/cosine wave(micro if look very well). Now, what could change an object’s quality exponentially(volume) and manipulate the macrospace? Scaling! So we can say that if you increase an object’s w axes from 1 to 2, the x, y and z would go from n to 2n at the same time! You can see how by adding v and u, things can escalate very quickly.
4. ALPHA-OMEGA: This consists of the alpha dimension(0D) and the omega dimension(10D) Don’t have any idea what they are, but the fact they exist before and after would indicate that the four planes like each’s three dimensions can be interchanged(rotation), meaning there is no order.
I believe the word “time” is just a summary of hyperspace, same way that distance/space is a summary of macrospace. So altering Einstein’s space-time, I would propose (random name)-space-time, showing 3 axes representing micro, macro and hyperspace(then would alpha-omega signify as another 4th-dimensional time?)
This theory also makes sense because for the dimensional limits, we have
0-1(oscillating change)
0- infinity(linear change)
0- infinity^2(exponential change)
which could be rewritten as
0 - infinity^0
0- infinity^1
0- infinity^2
as you can see, 0 1 2.
There you have it! 11 dimensions!
I didn’t do any research, don’t shout at me.
If 3 dimensions make one plane, 4 planes makes one...universe I guess, then maybe there 5 nests(one in another) of universes, each universe containing infinity^11(for each dimension) other smaller ones. If each mini- universe is expanding, meaning it generates space, then maybe that space leaks through the infinite(but very small) border that block our universe from theirs. If infinity of those mini-universes are all leaking out tiny amounts of space, then that would also cause the expansion of our universe. This is a wild shot, but what if dark matter are just clumps of these "white-hole" universes, and black holes and normal matter are made of "black-hole" universes, which, instead of expanding, shrinks from infinity to a single point, a reverse big-bang. Maybe gravity doesn't PULL things together, maybe it DELETES space!
Or maybe, incorporate spacetime bending, gravity might be storing space in a well of sorts, while antigravity, or dark energy is spewing out from that well. Or maybe the well is connected to another universe?
thanks so much for this think piece, Alex...video about interactions between black holes and dark matter and dark energy...? Your thoughts re. Roy Kerr's paper on the existence of singularities? Vote goes to Big bounce!
10:26 this sounds like the end of interstellar without the time travel stuff.
What an incredible video and incredible theories
I've been wanting to buy a box of Hostess Ho-Ho's to pass out to ... Who knows, what could possibly go wrong?
John
The big bounce theory is something that I have convinced myself is the only logical explanation of the “start” of the universe. We will never be able to see past a certain point due to the fact that as we peer further back in time we will run into the white hole. The extended Penrose diagram is a representation of the life cycle of the universe.
I would love an in depth look into this and will be looking more into the loop quantum gravity! Great video❤
Yes, more, please!
Beautiful ending to a beautiful video. ❤