Testing carbon fibre against carbon-Innegra composite sheets [4k]
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ก.พ. 2021
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Whilst reinforcements like carbon fibre, glass fibre, Kevlar and so on are well known (albeit perhaps not widely well understood) polypropylene-based Innegra is a relatively recent addition. It's often combined with carbon fibre to benefit from the strength of carbon and the flex of Innegra. Here I test four fabrics set in epoxy laminating resin to see how they compare:
Non-woven carbon fibre mat
Unidirectional woven carbon fibre
Plain weave carbon-Innegra hybrid (Innegra H)
Innegra S comingled in a twill weave with carbon fibre
Feel free to ask any questions in the comments!
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Well; that was an interesting little binge watch. Many thanks and looking forward to more; I really do live life on the edge don't I? All the best from South Africa.
Glad you enjoyed, Jack
I was so devastated to have come to the end of the current crop of videos, I just had to buy The Long Haul. Thank you for the great videography.
This, is the appropriate way to respond to such devastation.
Good afternoon Alex,
I have to concur with your testing mate.
I made four snowboards back in the nineties with uni directional carbon. Epoxy resin with a form and clamps.
Un breakable in that for/aft plane.
Good luck with the expedition.
Matt in Tasmania
It's impressive, if somewhat niche....
I bought a carbon fiber violin bow a couple years ago. Best bow I’ve ever used.
The great thing about the short fiber carbon matt is that it can be made from the tiny strands obtained from recicling composite materials, tho it is obviously inferior in every other way.
An excellent demonstration of why composites are layered up with the fibers, of whatever material(s), at right angles. Maybe try another test but with the panels laid up with 2 layers. I suspect you'll have a _much_ harder time snapping them!
Indeed, and at 45deg too!
@@AlexHibbertOriginals Well if you _REALLY_ want to get into it LOL It would be 4 layers each rotated 45 degrees from the previous :D
Totally entertaining
THANKS
Only just found your channel and thoroughly everything I've seen thus far. Subscribed almost immediately as I'm enjoying your real world approach to Alans conversion. Bearing in mind the results of your bend test and if one accepts the claims of superior impact absorption of Innegra do you think that there might be an application for 50/50 Carbon/Innegra in the construction of crash helmets ?
Cheers Jon - I'm glad you enjoy them. I think some helmets actually do already use this weave, but I'm not an expert on the mode of failure that cutting edge crash helmets go through. For example, they may be designed to fail on impact, so-as to 'take' the energy. This would mean the strengthening carbon failing permanently on impact wouldn't be a problem. As my tests show, the carbon once broken is broken permanently. Only the much floppier Innegra keeps the laminate held together.
@@AlexHibbertOriginals Hmm, food for thought. Thank you for taking the time to reply. Regards.
That was interesting, and makes me think, if you use the unidirectional and laminated multiple layers but with the weave in different directions could you not get something superior ? with it being so much thinner you could get away with using more layers if thickness is a constraint.
Yes indeed - and in fact very high quality laminates are made with unidirectional (or you can buy bi, tri or quad axial) laid at 0, 90, 45, -45 angles, or a combination.
For maximum strength could you not stack the unidirectional in 90 degree layers? Or would that compromise it in some way?
This is very common yes if you need the fibre density of uni, but also need strength in >1 direction. Angled at 45/45 too. You can buy spread tow, and tri or quad layers too.
so would the 50:50 carbon/innegra weave be a good choice for a light-weight white water open canoe?
Yes people have, and a pure Innegra one too. Search for video. Just remember that if impacted the mixed one too hard, the carbon will break, and once it has, that zone would not hold shape.
I didn't quite understand. Do you have another TH-cam channel?
Same channel. Different playlist.
Where did u buy ur composite? Ps awesome video
From Easy Composites, East Coast Fibreglass Supplies, and Fibremax.
What about using two sheets of the unidirectional but layered 90 degrees to each other? You would get the strength and still be about 2mm thick.
Yes, this is commonly done, and in 45/45 degrees too. It gives a thinner laminate than using common 0/90 woven fabric.
@@AlexHibbertOriginals Depending on your thickness tolerance you could even put a layer of Innegra sandwiched between the two. Then you have the strength and the structure just in case you get a shear break.
Are these materials you are trying out for the expedition or the life boat.
A general test, and more tuned to future expedition equipment builds. But, there's certainly a place for more than just glass fibre composites on a boat refit.
Will the flexibility gains of polypropylene be negated in cold temperatures?
If it were a solid sheet of PP, probably yes, but the spun fibres of PP in Innegra appear fine in the cold.
Can you use a core material to bring the pure innegra to similar levels of rigidity as carbon, good video btw
Core will increase stiffness, but you'll get to a point where there's so much more core than laminate each side, that you'll have poor strength. Innegra is VERY flexible and stretchy, and carbon is VERY stiff and brittle - opposite ends of the spectrum.
@@AlexHibbertOriginals ah that makes sense, I may have to experiment with a sheet metal core or reinforcement
I can't seem to find any information on it
Thank you for the response
I noticed that Innegra Hybrids do hold more resin.
The carbon component always will, but the Innegra, which is PP, surprises me. Perhaps the weave leaves voids.
Row row row your boat
why are the thicknesses different I didnt understand.
Due to the type of weave. Flat fibres compress down nice and flat. Twill weaves with ups and downs can't lay as flat. And chopped strands similarly, per unit mass of fabric, have more ups and downs when compared to parallel flat fibres.
why not use metal for cold?
Some metal is useful in the cold. I'm not sure what you're asking.
@@AlexHibbertOriginals You seem to be going for a resin lifeboat in the cold, with parts very brittle
@Simcore999 Bernard Well-made composite parts of resin/fabric perform excellently in cold temperatures. If you check out th-cam.com/video/wPFDBT41SEU/w-d-xo.html, I did a video series with the EC team recently where they cold tested them.
Good to know 👍
I'd like to see carbon with s-glass
Obviously only theory until tested, but you're likely to find the glass a little weaker, a good bit more flexible, twice as heavy, and with a clean 'snap' on failure.
@@AlexHibbertOriginals s-glass is less rigid but stronger. Carbon would add stiffness to s-glass and s-glass would add that safety factor to carbon and significantly lower the cost
Well that's where theory ends and tests are needed. S-glass has a similar tensile strength to 'good' carbon, a little higher than budget carbon, and well below the best carbon (which can exceed 5000 MPa). What is certainly inescapable is that the glass is much denser, if weight is a concern. And cost: my sources have s-glass 200gsm at c.£12/m, but also offer quality carbon at four times the weight for only 50% more cash. Carbon being overpriced is a bit of a myth, and it's easily available in so, so many weaves and weights, up to and over 1000gsm.
@@AlexHibbertOriginals I'm super curious about test results
@@SylvesterOziomek I’ve read documents relating to aircraft construction saying how mixing carbon and fibreglass is a very bad idea. Although similar in strength the carbon is much stiffer. As the part deflects the strain is taken nearly all by the carbon and very little by the fibreglass. Eventually the carbon fails and now you have just the fibreglass taking the load which then sees this impulse load due to the carbon failure and probably fails itself. You can actually weaken a glass structure by adding carbon.
I fear there will be 5 or 6 new channels about life boats.
The fear is real.
What I've noticed over time is that it doesn't matter how obscure or niche any particular topic is; it can be guaranteed that there is a society of people out there dedicated to that obscure thing, and furthermore there will be another subset of that society convinced that the first society does not go far enough in their enthusiasm.