16. Nuclear Reactor Construction and Operation
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 มิ.ย. 2024
- MIT 22.01 Introduction to Nuclear Engineering and Ionizing Radiation, Fall 2016
Instructor: Ka-Yen Yau
View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/22-01F16
TH-cam Playlist: • MIT 22.01 Introduction...
Prof. Short goes to Russia, and Ka-Yen (our TA) explains in detail how nuclear reactors work. Concepts from the course thus far are blended with previews of future courses to physically explain how current and future nuclear reactors produce heat and energy. Aspects of safety are discussed between different designs, and the details of major reactor accidents are explained.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at ocw.mit.edu
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33:43 she says reactor explodes.......reactor never explodes cuz you got safety valves......when steam interacts with hot zirconium tubes (they got hot due to cooling water failure) hydrogen gas is generated. This accumulation of hydrogen in the top of containment building caused explosion.......that was hydrogen explosion not reactor explosion........ you know, the reactor is surrounded by containment buliding. The steam formed during reactor meltdown is radioactive, and since there is no constant supply of cooling water (due to loss of coolant pumps) the reactor rods got uncovered by water and meltdown begins........as the pressure inside the reactor vessel increases due to the formation of steam, the relief valve lifts and lowers the steam pressure inside the reactor vessel (cuz for the steam if there is no path to flow, then naturally the pressure inside the reactor vessel increases)........the relief valve discharge pipe is connected to the supression pool (wet well), whenever the relief valve lifts, the radio active steam is sent in to the suppression pool....... and the supression pool also has a vent to the atmosphere (wet vent).........for safety, there is an emergency dry vent pipe directly from the containment building to the atmosphere to vent accumulated hydrogen
This was a very impressive lecture. I recognize that this is almost 5 years old (Fall of 2016 by the TH-cam description) and Ka-Yen was actually an undergraduate student at the time of recording, not even a post-graduate student (from what I can ascertain) - so with that being said, it's a really good job and I totally empathize with her for being a bit nervous, speaking at an almost "John Moschitta Jr." like pace (some of us older folk might remember him from the classic Micro Machines toy commercials in the 1980s) and getting a few things wrong here and there (I'd be sh**ting bricks if I were in her shoes at that age).
15:08 she discussed "lower enriched uranium" when it comes to CANDU reactors, however, it's actually natural uranium that is used - no need to enrich the uranium with a heavy water moderator and a heavy water coolant
(I'm Canadian - hence the nitpicking on the CANDU aspects that probably don't interest our American friends as much)
At around the 32 minute mark when discussing Fukushima, she gets quite a few things wrong or jumbled (again, totally understand she's nervous and cramming a ton of information in a short 45 minute time span): it's a BWR not a PWR (the drawing on the slide kind of makes it clear, but she was nervous and not able to recognize that). The coolant pump breaking part needs to be better explained - it made it seem like the earthquake itself damaged the pumps, but it's the tsunami flooding that resulted from the earthquake that was the issue. Back up diesel generators were disabled from the tsunami flooding (she kind of mentions this later, but it's a bit of jumbled mess that should be better explained in future lectures at MIT, in my opinion). Hydrogen was the reason for the explosion. Another commenter has explained this in greater detail.
I'm really amazed at how much information she covered in just over 45 minutes! I would definitely recommend new hires/recent engineering graduates joining our industry to watch this video to get an overview of Nuclear Construction and Operation.
who else just checked whether it's 1.5x speed?
First time I had to slow down a lecture.
I could deal with 2x (not easy)
Oh, thanks guy's. 0.75 is mine,🤗
Yeah, somebody definitely posted it at a faster speed than it should've been. Watch her write on the chalkboard. Playing at 0.75 speed looks way more correct.
Check the students' questions 31:26 for example. The speed is more plausible at 0.75.
Eminem: *finally a worthy opponent*
This is a highly undervalued comment
For a moment, I suspected that video plays in 2x hahaha
lmao
She literally sounds like she's being sped up in a tape machine. Crazy fast lol
If you speed up to 2x you will find out that she is speaking 4x faster
Explain me that, Science!
Hey I'm from the MIT tech team. Just a note: We are actually playing her in slow motion.
Whaaat? I don’t believe it
Because it’s not even true
It's weird, I've never heard any non-chipmunk who actually sounds like cassette tape fast forward.
Lol
0.5x
FBI tracking my history like, "he's been acting weird lately!"
@My Name sus, faking tasks around reactor
@@HenrikWassdahl I was literally doing just that😂 you watching me?
@mr.1n5an_e lol you again
Watch more here
I’ve been binging nuclear and Cold War shit for like two weeks after listening to atlas shrugged I’m sure I’m on like 8 different watch lists by now
She is faster than neutrons.
need moderator :P
She eat Uranium
LOL, thought I was the only to realize that she was speaking way too fast
faster than a fast neutron
way faster for me asian to follow :)O
I have 2 questions:
1st - Why is this on my recommendations?
2nd - Who is that knocking on my door?
1st - YT Recommendations are mystery
2nd - Freeze FBI
3rd - Why did you click?
Cire cuz I want to believe I didn’t become a chem student because I don’t know how to do physic
you have been framed
FBI open door!
Nobody:
MIT: "Do you have 45 minutes to spare to learn how to build a nuclear reactor?"
She can beat Eminem in a rap battle for sure, i bet that's just her idle mode.
Hayian fer sureee
Good see here more
Remix pls
Drop the beat
i watched it at 0.75
I have only understood the word 'fertile'
"give you guys a break so today we're gonna talk about nuclear energy"
Lmmfao wtf do they do on hard days? 😂 😂 😂
@@blackscreennoiseforrelaxat1517 fk that
teacher, talk about your first crush for a break plz
Well, it's a STEM course on MIT. The students are like some of the smartest guys on the planet
I scrolled down the comments to find this quoted
Isn't it awesome that almost anyone who has passion to learn can learn something like Nuclear Energy, that too from the MIT?. We're living in wonderful times.
it is amazing, but it's also kind of depressing to see how many of these amazing courses start with 200,000 views for the first video and then slowly dwindle to 3,000 views per video several weeks into the course. kudos to those 3,000 who stick it out...
@@skoto8219 Proves that many people need structure and guidance. Left to their own devices, they lose interest real quick.
Self discipline. Learn it. Apply it
@@mrpinkpony Easy to say, hard to apply.
so you think their certified after watching a youtube video? lmao
Kim Jong-un: "Write this down, write this down!"
More like kidnap the lecturer, kidnap her now
Friends: When did you became a nuclear reactor expert...?
Me: Last Night. 🤣🤣
we need this type of teachers and we will start colony on Mars in 2 years
@@Hilariusgamer 😅😂
i clicked in here cos she looked so pretty, and now i think im a nuclear reactor expert.
was lookin for this
Hahahahahahahaha
Hahahahahhaahha
Lool
i even subscribed to see her more
Its 2 a.m in the morning and i dunno why am i watching MIT nuclear theory.
get up and start building a nuclear reactor then.
I like asian too
writing with 1 hand
@@mariorossi3874only took 10 mins...
to write
Hahahahaha it is 2 am here as well
what a pleasant upbeat teacher.. it does sound like shes teaching 6th graders but i think its cus she really cares and is a kind person at heart.
*Playing at 2x speed*
"They called me a madman".
When i started listening in 2x..... I was like... whttttt
IT WAS IN THE NAME OF SCIENCE!!
🤣🤣🤣😇😇😇
In case nobody's said this yet. At 32:00 in the discussion of the Fukushima accident, the left hand picture is actually a burning oil refinery, NOT the hydrogen explosions at the plant, which were very brief events. This is somewhat understandable as it was also a result of the Thohku earthquake and tsunami, and provided some of the scariest images of ongoing, dramatic flames that news services needed. The image is actually of an oil refinery fire. It is, unfortunately, far too often used in reports about the reactor meltdowns, and gets echoed around the reports that cite each other as sources.
Good on you for pointing out misinformation. There's already too much of that kind of stuff going around, especially around our most efficient form of energy production.
I checked my "playback speed" but it showed "normal"...
x0.75=normal 😃
IF it's an hour class, x0.75 is equal 45 minutes/
So do I..
adderall
same to me...
Brain: Can't process the information, she's so fast.
Ears: What did she just say? :/
Eyes: Just shut up and listen guys.. makes sense to me.
you can play at 75% speed to hear what she actually said
U can turn on Captions too it helps if u having a hard time they are 95% right.
sahi khel gaya
The first two guys in this thread probably missed the joke?
lol
Teacher: So any questions?
Me: I'm sorry I don't quite understand the question...
14:50 Instructor: I'm bad at math
Me: *looks at channel name*
Also me: Okay
MIT joke i guess
MIT: Nuclear Reactor Construction
Iran and North Korea: "Write it down WRITE IT DOWN"
USA+ Israel : ok write it down but remember we have stuxnet.
Bruh you stole my comment
this woman did just a great job . the whole nuclear physics playlist does not have as much views as this
Finally, the course we've all been waiting for.
This is a super informative video for someone with zero background in nuclear physics. Ka-Yen was great at breaking down the topics. Thank you for this video! :)
Title slate typo fixed, captions updated.
ty bro
@MIT OpenCourseWare If the majority of the problem is seismic activity, cooling efficacy and human fear, why don't we build miniature versions of these things further north/south or heck even in the poles?
Btw, love Miss Ka-Yen talking speed :) First time I didn't have to speed up a lecture lol
I'm so glad this channel exists. You guys are awesome
Solar and dams .
I think it's wrong to characterize the 3 mile island disaster as "not that horrible" - if the operators had made any larger mistakes, if the concrete shielding had been any thinner, we would have had an American Chernobyl on our hands.
I loved how she still struggles with talking to a class but carries on with an open attitude, that takes guts
People who talk this fast are people who I trust in education. Shows they actually know and understand the topic and excited about it.
Or, they are brand new and real nervous.
She has good energy and can talk faster than I could read about it (while condensing the information to the particulars that matter). This is advantageous for my personal bandwidth rate (listening > reading). Thank you for sharing a very informative video that will enlighten the upcoming generations about an important technology.
So this is the pace MIT was going? No wonder they're one of the top school.
But you got a Mercedes
hahahahahhahaha
@@sprakful Ah yes, owning a Mercedes > good education. Nice logic
@@yoshicchiyoshi8370 may be you are dumb.
@@sprakful Excuse me, did you just assumed that I'm dumb? Kind of rude tbh. I'm in a third world country and owning a good education is far more appreciated than a freaking carbon emitting cars.
This video is the proof that any subject can be fascinating with an interesting and energetic teacher.
People comment that she talks fast,but she's actually excited to teach and has fun doing it.
yeah. It's like she got my attention for the entire lecture. She is a good teacher to me.
She is great..the presentation makes worth the time.. congrats..
She has enough thermal energy to start a nuclear fusion reaction.
She is great! I wish most of my teachers speak that way so we can get more information! Great job!!
0:56 “we just wanna give you guys a break”
*proceeds to spend the next 45 minutes explaining nuclear power and how to build a reactor*
Yeah thats crazy... I wonder what they learn about on a normal day...
Imagine her working at Mcdonalds and getting fired for accidentally building a reactor.
with that speed she's talking at, I'm sure she'll have a good rap career
Tell her 😂😂
Wkwkwkwkwk damn right
@@jayakece1419 what is wkwk
give her some oxygen
She is a robot....powered by a mini nuclear flux capacitor
I'm really impressed that HP laptop can handle PPT processing
University: "We want to give you a break..."
Student: "Aweso-"
University: "Let's talk about nuclear energy, its construction and operation!"
Student: "..."
She has alot of passion in her speech that's all I can say
OH MY GOD !!! as an electrical engineering student Nuclear reactor just became a very important topic and i should watch all her videos.
Y'all she's nervous. She's a guest speaker. I do the same thing and speak very quickly when doing public speeches
Lol good on ya, at least you can think and you can speak, not that bad speaking fast.
When I do this even I've God mastered a topic, it's like I'm always humbled and become the most idiotic person whenever a crowd listens to me.
Over 750,000 views, she will do well in life.
@@leonpse 749,999 of them watched this video with ONE HAND UNDER THE TABLE
@@shrutis Sucks to be a guy.
@@BlowitAllUp Being a guy has nothing to do with being able to pay attention for the right reasons. Grow up.
Thank you very much for sharing this kind of stuff. I really appreciate the sharing of knowledge worldwide.
She made an animated gif of a nuclear reactor using Comic Sans, and I respect the HELL out of that.
Thank you youtube algorithm, I surely need to watch this video to improve my next nuclear reactor build.
The speed of how fast her brain processes and says the material is really attractive. Love her enthusiasm!
this is actually really interesting- i only have basic chemistry knowledge and learnt to much in this lecture!!
I actually learn better when the speaker speaks fast. Otherwise my mind starts wandering.
fuck thanks. That's kinda the problem for me too. It might be useful to use 2x
Same problem, I want fast and (if necessary) repetitive, and school was the opposite. I think that might be ADD or just small working memory (fast CPU, small RAM).
@@HiAdrian multicore cpu, low ram, hdd instead of ssd
It has become a habit of mine to just speed up videos as it increases efficiency and makes my mind more active and focused to catch words and meaning leaving no allowance for wandering off. It's such a pet peeve of mine when teachers are so slow paced and that I have to wait for my classmates to answer questions. I always get banned from recitations after some time because I hate the awkward silence of teachers waiting for answers and I just want the topic to be over with
@@ramoniiituble414 same dude. I think you might have hyperactivity together with attention deficit
First time I didn't have to increase the speed of a lecture! She's got the perfect playback speed.
I can never imagine myself talking this fast about any topic or in any language!
I almost placed a bid for the Nuclear Reactor, then I realized she's teaching not auctioning.
If you think switching the speed to 0.75 is funny
Think from her perspective
You’re just a walking 0.75 player to her.
Funny, I haven't received a recommendation from this channel in like forever.
MIT keep coming out with more videos. Looking great.
As a left-handed constant board writer, I'm actually amazed at her ability not to smear her own writing. It's like magic...
I also noticed that. Definitely a Pro
**Browses TH-cam**
- **Gets recommendation for this video**
**Becomes nuclear physicist**
I never know my English listening is so good... thanks
The kind of energy most classes lack to be engaging. She is doing great.
Good quick introduction to nuclear energy plant history.
Wow, she's so fast. But I love the enthusiasm - really puts the fun in learning!
I died at 17:41
She's lovely!
Thank you for getting me dying, bro~
I am in the afterlife.
you killed me
I'm typing this from the afterlife
gay
"Because you guys just had a super intense exam, we want to give you guys a break. So today we're gonna learn about nuclear energy." Well done, break.
I liked the lecture. She worked hard for preparing this lecture. I watched the whole video and in back of my mind there was a voice telling me that this is exactly how I look while giving presentations and this is how I am going to look as a teacher. Slower ofcourse.
I would fail this class on purpose so I can proudly re take it again
I'm telling you the truth that I came here only to follow the lecture.
We believe you.....
That's what they all say, bub!
stick to your story my friend
Lk
@@bigtimetimmyjim6486 ..."Bub" lmaooo
Great presentation, just few mistakes:
- Fukushima is a boiling water reactor (design from US General Electric btw), not pressurized water reactor.
- Also replacing fuel in a LWR is every 12-18 months, not years (!!), probably just mispeaking I am sure you know this.
- Japan is not reprocessing its fuel at Rokassho Mura, it is not operational (and might not become operational ever)
Love the presentation though, even if downplaying the impacts of these major nuclear accidents, appreciate the effort to summarize such broad issue in one course
Okay, i didn't expected this coming 😂
Downplay the impact, maybe. But the problem is that many people fail to understand the impact of our current, nonrenewable, energy sources. They kill many more people per year. Are these accidents bad? Yes. But they don't kill nearly as many people. Sure, things like solar panels are probably the safest option, but they still require storage, and the battery tech is still a few years away.
@@JacobRy If we used BOTH nonrenewable AND renewable we could kill people at TWICE THE RATE! If enough people die, we may even solve, WORLD HUNGER!
Two bombs was JUST enough I think. is just like disk-cleanup.
@@germangonzales2008 no we wouldn't. That logic is so, incredibly, flawed. We actually ALREADY use renewables, and I don't see wind turbines, and solar panels killing people... nuclear has killed BARELY anyone. modern reactors DO NOT pose a significant danger.
*A Break*
Learning nuclear energy
Now I see why I'm not in MIT
13:19 She means N + 2 redundancy. The component is represented by N and the plus X amount is how many independent backup components there are in case of a failure of the component.
TH-cam algorithm, Men that like science and technology + cute girls talking about science and technology = views
That's youtube for you ;)
Fucking algorithms got me!💀
I hate (myself) on how you're correct
Seems like the nuclear reaction physics has overcomplicated your thinking: Men that like cute girls = views
Oops my thinking has been overcomplicated as well: "Men" and "that like cute girls" is redundant
TH-cam algorithm trying to put me in the FBI watch list by recommending these.
And today's another episode of, "How did I end up here?"
😆
Thumbnails are a hell of a drug.
From Bowling, to darts, to Nuclear. Hail TH-cam Algorithm. I can't stop being super interested about everything.
any software engineering guy got this recommended from yt?
Computer Science studant here
Same here
me
Yep me
Me but I'm a CSE student xD
"Do you have any questions?"
*question*
"I'm not sure but if you google you can find it really quickly."
Most replayed part is truly inspirational. Basic instincts never gonna change
20:24 There is a typo in the second nuclear reaction, there is NO Uranium with 90 protons, it is Uranium-233 with 92 protons.
Watched it at 0.5x ..... Great content. Enlighting!
She's running on nuclear energy. That's where she gets all her energy.
Unlike nuclear reactors, she is both fast and thermal.
Also watching this on 0,75 speed.
crack
Bananna
Well! I thought she did rather well!, very good for being a TA. i would very much like to her her work and ideas regarding the above in the coming years
Thank you, TA #3, for the information.
I'm impressed by her energy.
If you look closely, she is talking about nuclear reactors..
Honestly, your taste sucks!
Love the energy of the Miss Yau.
Thankyou for this priceless lecture and thankyou for offering this invaluable education.
44:35 at !east she is honest!!
Damn ..You made it that far
i love her nerdy attempts at humor
TA: Realized that you guys just had an INTENSE exam
also TA: let's have a break. I will just talk about nuclear reactor
Yes, you ungulate. We can see the video why do you assume we need a narration. Would you like a slap? Fool.
@@bollockjohnson6156 I don't even know if you meant to be rude, but your comment just made me wheeze into oblivion.
best lecture I ever watched...
"It's too expensive to recycle our waste. So we don't do it."
*In a futile attempt spends billions to dig a hole to bury the problem*
They don't dig holes, they use old mines or natural holes. Like you said it's too expensive.
The TH-cam recommendation algorithm knows what I like really well
29:03 they did realise that! that was the safety test they were doing : to confirm that the low energy output is enable to sustain the plant power until the backup generators kicks in.
Boris Shcherbina to Valery Legasov after watching this video -
"You know, I'm something of a nuclear physicist myself"
29:01 I think they knew. Wasn't the point of the test to see if the slowing down turbine can generate enough electricity for the coolant pumps in case they needed to shut down the reactor because of a blackout (loosing outside power)?
Wasn't the problem Xe poisoning at low power and then they tried to raise the power against regulation (removing control rods instead of shutting it down)? (Not just that it didn't have enough cooling.)
Yes they needed to test that the turbines could power the cooling pumps whilst the diesel generators were firing up. And yes you are also right, they got into a Xe pit and removed all the control rods. Another issue is the positive void coefficient as a result of using a graphite moderator and water coolant. As the neutrons were already moderated sufficiently by the graphite when a steam void occurred the reduced neutron absorption mean reactivity increased, rather than decreased as is the case when water is the moderator.
Absolutely well done and definitely keep it up!!! 👍👍👍👍👍
This video is for people who want to learn about nuclear energy and want to learn FAST. I for one appreciate that.
She goes through a semester worth of material in one class period
Take A Walk With Me then your classes must be really really slow.
I‘m studying electrical engineering and half my classes are also this fast at my university.
The only good thing is that after a while you get used to it
This is background info, doubt the exam will be about these interesting facts
Welcome to engineering! This is also how most courses go for Computer Science as well , for any potential candidates out there. You're expected to learn new concepts VERY fast.
This is honestly pretty tame pace. This is a very chill class. You could even take 0 notes, which is very very rare (unless you never take notes, of course).
29:33 - *Most of the males in the class nods their head*
LOL
most of the males = most of that class
if the front row is to be seen as representative of the class population
Thinking exactly the same thing... Graphite tips control rod :)
@@tortiraz Your comment brought me back to the video, and immediately I went to the speed settings thinking I had it at 1.75x again. No joke! LOL
Graphite? You're delusional!
Fantastic class! I admit I had to check that the video was playing at normal speed. :D
Man this is just what i needed .
Thank you youtube for giving us playback speed control