IR Proximity Sensor / Obstacle Detector circuit on Breadboard | LM358 Op-Amp projects

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 มี.ค. 2017
  • A tutorial on How to make an InfraRed (IR) proximity sensor circuit along with detailed explanation on how the circuit works. The sensitivity or Range of detection can be controlled by adjusting the potentiometer.
    This circuit can also function as an InfraRed receiver and Object detector.
    For circuit diagram plus more Info, visit:
    elonics.org/infrared-ir-proxi...
    Components Required:
    * LM 358 IC
    * 1 InfraRed LED PhotoDiode pair
    * Resistors: 2 x 270R, 10K
    * Potentiometer: 10K
    * Breadboard
    * Power Supply: (3-12)V
    * Few Breadboard connectors
    Note: For supply voltage of 9V or more, use 1K resistor for LED and 470R for InfraRed(IR) LED.
    This channel has a lot more electronics projects & 555 timer projects. So feel free to check them.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    Troubleshooting Guide:
    [Update]: • Troubleshooting IR Pro...
    * Double-check all connections by referring to the circuit diagram.
    * Check if the LED's are working properly. (Digital cameras can detect InfraRed light, so you can check if the InfraRed LED is working by using any digital camera)
    * The IR photo-diode used in this video is white and the IR LED is black. But it can also be the other way in your case. You can determine which one is LED/Photo-diode by connecting both the diode, photo-diode pair separately to the power supply (via a 220 resistor) and see which one glows using a digital camera.
    *At one extreme position of the potentiometer's knob, the LED should be off and at the other extreme position, the LED should be on. Now you can start turning the potentiometer's knob form the extreme position where the LED is on, until the LED just turns off. Now the IR proximity sensor should work properly.
    *If the above steps doesn't help, feel free to post the problem in the comments section.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    For more electronics projects, visit: elonics.org/
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    Follow on google plus: plus.google.com/+Elonics
    Don't forget to Subscribe!
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ความคิดเห็น • 798

  • @elonics
    @elonics  6 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    if you face any difficulties in making the circuit work as expected, watch this: th-cam.com/video/036kskbFf40/w-d-xo.html

    • @gurudeva2366
      @gurudeva2366 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Could you please send me the video or circuit of ir sensor and counter

    • @luisleonardojuarez7389
      @luisleonardojuarez7389 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      I have a problem. Do I need an infrared diode and a photodiode? or
      An infrared diode and a phototransistor?

    • @georgeoliver652
      @georgeoliver652 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Great video, Logically explained and intuitive, thankyou, subbed.

    • @user-lj4vv4zo5m
      @user-lj4vv4zo5m 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Elonics - Electronics Projects on Breadboard

    • @flk9623
      @flk9623 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks

  • @raycodes7393
    @raycodes7393 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    There is nothing more beautiful in this world than that smoke animation that plays when you add another component to the breadboard.

  • @wizardOfRobots
    @wizardOfRobots 6 ปีที่แล้ว +39

    Very lucid explanation. Even though I sort of knew how this circuit worked, your explanation clarified it completely. You have a great talent at communicating ideas. Great job!

    • @omcreation7239
      @omcreation7239 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Please circuit send Karo na 🙏

  • @tural.ahmatov
    @tural.ahmatov 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    I wish I had an electronics teacher like you! Your content is very clear and understandable! Wish you success!

    • @omcreation7239
      @omcreation7239 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Circuit hai kya ?

  • @fzigunov
    @fzigunov 5 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Man, this idea will literally save my project! Love you

  • @dikshantbansal8806
    @dikshantbansal8806 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    One of the first video in complete junk on this topic on TH-cam which actually showed the correct circuit otherwise all videos show photodiode working in forward biased state. My friend I assure that I will try to have you as many subscribers and likes which you deserve and which I can!

  • @sandeeptyagi1010
    @sandeeptyagi1010 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank You sir. I am not good in Electronics but your way of teaching is too good in-fact first time i understand full circuit.

  • @mmartinez3619
    @mmartinez3619 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Well done video. I especially like the close-up photography so actual pin locations can be followed. Furthermore, the additional video editing with directional arrows, shading, and highlighting etcetera make following the concepts much smoother. Thank you!

  • @KK-fh1ds
    @KK-fh1ds 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very clearly illustrated and well spoken. You're great man

  • @Stoneman06660
    @Stoneman06660 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great video, mate. This is the setup I had in my head but wasn't sure how it'd work, and you've gone through it in a clear and concise manner. We even have two channels on the op amp, so we can build a dual sensor unit in this manner that doesn't require an Arduino or what not to act at the comparitor or voltage reference-measurement. Love it.

    • @elonics
      @elonics  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you.

  • @madhugn
    @madhugn 6 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Neat explanation. Thank you for making me understand how it works!

  • @jbumstead21
    @jbumstead21 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for posting this tutorial. This circuit worked for me. Although my IR receiver is black and my IR emitter is clear, which is flipped from what is shown in the tutorial. I had to adjust the 10kohm resistor to change the sensitivity for my application.

  • @WayneTheSeine
    @WayneTheSeine 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great video, very well presented. For some reason mine was on and turning off with proximity. After much consternation I swapped the wiper (center tap) of the pot and put it on #3 and moved the receiver wire to #2 and lo and behold it worked. Not sure if the schematic is wrong, my LM358 is backwards or something else. Note, if I approach the circuit from one side it has a range of approx. 3 feet.

  • @Pattelito
    @Pattelito 6 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    The music was really nice. Thanks for explaining this. I have troublie understanding op-amps and I really need to improve my knowledge about it. great video

  • @shashwatsangle7460
    @shashwatsangle7460 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice work
    There are lot of vedios to make circuit,but when come for explaining,nobody comes forward! Thanks

  • @paulo1940
    @paulo1940 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you for such a coherent and well structured video, it is always an amazing sensation to grasp new concepts. Wish you all the best!

  • @gabrielablanco1219
    @gabrielablanco1219 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This video saved my life last year

    • @big_o1952
      @big_o1952 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      How?

    • @gabrielablanco1219
      @gabrielablanco1219 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@big_o1952 It's complicated, but basically I used it for a very important homework

  • @Oddzilla51
    @Oddzilla51 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very descriptive video! Thank you! But, is there a way to make the LED slowly brighten when movement is detected and then slowly turn off as movement stops and then be able to adjust the brighten/fade?

  • @SahidulIslam-ic9bz
    @SahidulIslam-ic9bz 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thaks for this circuit. The explanation is too good. And it is very easy to understand about the circuit.

  • @happymeal5458
    @happymeal5458 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I LOVE YOU!!! THANK YOU SO MUCH. BUILDING THIS CIRCUIT AFTER FAILING AT SEVERAL OTHERS HAS GIVEN ME A LITTLE MORE CONFIDENCE :D

    • @elonics
      @elonics  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're welcome :)

  • @jonk9680
    @jonk9680 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for an outstanding video! Clear explanation coupled to great video/graphics. Very well done.

  • @Electro_Mic
    @Electro_Mic 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bonsoir, un grand merci à vous, l'animation est de grande qualité, l'explication en anglais mais on comprend quand même en visuel même pour ceux qui ne maitrise pas la l'anglais, et ça c'est super.

    • @elonics
      @elonics  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Merci pour les commentaires

  • @islamrostom3597
    @islamrostom3597 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great tutorial, I like your video editing skills.

  • @jaysernal8701
    @jaysernal8701 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank you so much for this great explanation... i just want to ask how can i connect 12v relay for this project thanks?

  • @moukafaslouka4796
    @moukafaslouka4796 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Cool project and great explanation!

  • @nilupulperera
    @nilupulperera 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Superb! Excellent presentation in very simple way. Thank you very much.

  • @arjunpudu799
    @arjunpudu799 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Bro I appreciate your efforts ,I have a request can you start make video series based on basic electronics

  • @thetooginator153
    @thetooginator153 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice! You explained the circuit perfectly!
    Subscribed!

  • @rohitchaudhari5337
    @rohitchaudhari5337 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Your explanation is justt toooo much good...i haven't seen such video till now on TH-cam....very much helpful

    • @elonics
      @elonics  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You're Welcome!

  • @Manoj-qf6lq
    @Manoj-qf6lq 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Clearly Explained & it worked well too , Thank You brother!!!

  • @quanbui8416
    @quanbui8416 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I need a circuit which Range of detection is about 5 to 7 meters. What do I need to adjust / replace ? Thank you so much

  • @voiceoftruth1O1
    @voiceoftruth1O1 6 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Nice animated tutorial for beginners. Thanks

  • @pruthavtandel1sta174
    @pruthavtandel1sta174 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very well explained. But i have little confusion the white one should be ir led and black one is ir receiver. Please clear my doubr. Thanks

  • @trevorscott3275
    @trevorscott3275 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You having a relaxing voice.

  • @timng9104
    @timng9104 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    pls make a op-amp series :) your 555 series is great

  • @saurabh6094
    @saurabh6094 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice video quality,great explanation with animation...simple English....thanks

  • @haemonyang6278
    @haemonyang6278 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow, a wonderful video . It give me some ideas about my final project! Thanks!

  • @bubundada7094
    @bubundada7094 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Elonics! thanks for the video.In case of supply more than 9v what will be the resistors value for each components. Please tell

  • @kowshikhero8806
    @kowshikhero8806 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bro it's really clear video with very nice explaination, I like your video sooo much. Your explanation of working of this project is sooo impressive. Please do more vudeo with explanations how the components are works. Please make an video how to controll water faucet using solenoid valve using LDR and Light + even using IR tx and rx with explanation.

  • @tonyhewett3729
    @tonyhewett3729 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    That was a brilliant video with very clear explanations. Thankyou.

    • @elonics
      @elonics  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're welcome!

  • @warme1332
    @warme1332 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How long the maximum distance can the ir. Detect?
    Thanks

  • @dwagon3477
    @dwagon3477 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    This made it so easy to understand! Thank you!

    • @elonics
      @elonics  6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You're Welcome :)

  • @NiranjanprathapTJ
    @NiranjanprathapTJ 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Finally it worked !!!! Tnx Elonics for my College project

    • @Vikram14324
      @Vikram14324 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Bro circuit diagram plzzz

  • @timng9104
    @timng9104 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video! it was clear and concise. Subscribed!

  • @tharealsos7895
    @tharealsos7895 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    In this project, can led photodiode be used to emit light because their pair and the seperate( led or photodiode idk what it is) but it looks similar to photodiode…please guide

  • @techtac6540
    @techtac6540 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi there! Your video was super but I was just wondering where you bought your breadboard?

  • @siddhivinayak1267
    @siddhivinayak1267 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    PERFECTLY EXPLAINED.

  • @ronparker6489
    @ronparker6489 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the simple, accurate information regarding how these things work. But a warning! Make sure your breadboard is functioning correctly. I had one that was shorting out the pin connections. Yikes! Cheap ass board caused lots of hair loss. lol

  • @yofimee883
    @yofimee883 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome ! , no BS clear explanations , Thank you

    • @elonics
      @elonics  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're welcome!

  • @JasonDedicatoria
    @JasonDedicatoria 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    i bought a clear and black led/photodiode but im not sure which is which. But when i tested both of them through a camera, both are emitting the purple light. Does this mean both led i have is a transmitter and i dont have a receiver?

  • @fkukuc
    @fkukuc 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video please keep up the great work!

  • @MUTHU_KRISHNAN_K
    @MUTHU_KRISHNAN_K ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sir, does the infrared source emit the infrared rays uniformly in all direction? If it so doesn't the photo diode should always be sensing it as the source is very close to the photo diode in this model.
    4:19 doesn't the statement should be 'voltage of inverting input is lesser than that of non inverting input'

  • @sourabhsagar5704
    @sourabhsagar5704 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really nice work sir , thank you for sharing such a kind information...

  • @purvamhatre1621
    @purvamhatre1621 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    this my fav channel ❤❤❤

  • @glydelsolis5066
    @glydelsolis5066 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    is it possible to put buzzer here? like when it detects the moving object, the buzzer will sound?

  • @ppsr0
    @ppsr0 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Can we use a 1k resistor instead of a 10k resistor for the receiver?? Please help|!

  • @savinorojas6836
    @savinorojas6836 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very good explanation. Thank you!!

  • @MrArmsDeal
    @MrArmsDeal 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi there, I see some of your user questions are about ambient light affecting the way the receiver works. This happened to me also.
    When I built the circuit it was during the evening (so no daylight) and all worked great. The next morning when I powered up the circuit once more, the receiver just stayed on continuously and wouldn’t respond to the IR transmitter. I spent ages checking voltages on pins 2 and 3 and swapping out components, until I suddenly discovered it was the ambient daylight that was causing the receiver to activate and cause the LED to stay on all the time.Do you know of any way to stop daylight affecting this?
    Thanks

    • @elonics
      @elonics  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi, the only way is to use a cylindrical enclosure around the Photo-diode (Like this: th-cam.com/video/036kskbFf40/w-d-xo.htmlm9s). Or you can consider making a modulated version of proximity sensor (More complicated and also more immune to ambient light)

  • @il5548
    @il5548 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello sir. It is awesome!
    When I use a LED light, it has no problem. But when I changed it into a buzzer, it does not work even when i use a 9v power supply.
    Can you please explain me why? Thanks!

  • @claytonbenignus4688
    @claytonbenignus4688 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    My review of this is from the viewpoint of a beginning hobbyist. My review is generally positive.
    On the plus side, you discuss how it works and how to put it together. This is a big plus.
    On the minus side, you do not show a schematic, which is mitigated by the link to it. Also, you did not go into detail about each pin of the LM358, although this could be mitigated by a reference to a video covering the subject.
    You get substantial extra credit for that link to the troubleshooting video. This is Gold to a beginner.
    I’m subscribing because I see tons of potential in you. You do not make annoying presentation mistakes like using messy low contrast schematics on ruled paper, the type of mistake that gives the audience eye strain. Your script is well crafted and probably rehearsed. I am expecting great things of you.

    • @elonics
      @elonics  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you for the comprehensive feedback! I liked the idea of having reference videos. Will do that for the upcoming videos.

    • @claytonbenignus4688
      @claytonbenignus4688 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      One more caveat: References are good, but do not over do them as DC Comics did. They had successful series in the 60s called Crisis on Earth One, Earth Two, etc. Afterward, each issue of DC had increasingly many Editors Notes until the whole thing became a monstrous unreadable mess in the 80s. DC had to redo everything because no one could read through their tangle. References are good, but don’t be tedious.

    • @elonics
      @elonics  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@claytonbenignus4688 Haha, Roger that!

  • @ferko6
    @ferko6 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you. Great video. Keep up the great work!

    • @elonics
      @elonics  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're welcome. Sure!

  • @PesumKadhai
    @PesumKadhai 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sir can you tell me what is the resistance of the potentiometer you used in this circuit

  • @timelessvoyager1545
    @timelessvoyager1545 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    this setup can be used for heart rate monitoring, right? the output being connected to any analogue pin of MCU.

  • @davidederosi6068
    @davidederosi6068 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello, I need to make a sensor like this to drive a guitar pedal. Is this configuration ok in order to obtain a variable output of 5V to 0V when object is near? Thank you

  • @edwin7388
    @edwin7388 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bro plzz reply, i want help. What if i connect ir receiver instead of photodiode, how is the circuit diagram

  • @tarunkumargoel6737
    @tarunkumargoel6737 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sir, Your explanations are really very good !👌🏼
    Could you please explain the same IR Sensor circuit when using an LM567 IC. The LM567 is to be used as it allows usage of IR Sensor even in bright Sunlight. Thanks in advance, Sir.

  • @bhaskerramagiri3888
    @bhaskerramagiri3888 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have a application which requires 20microsecond response time. Will this circuit work.

  • @antob9426
    @antob9426 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    What software you are using to animate the video bro... Super explanation

  • @faryyalmuzaffar7718
    @faryyalmuzaffar7718 6 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    it is out standing,,,,,,,,,,,,,and nicely explained....

    • @bullygram
      @bullygram 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yep it is dated, but still then it's fun!

  • @raammk
    @raammk 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I Purchased a ready built proximity sensor using lm358 and it works reverse the light is on default and when object is placed it goes off. How to reverse its behaviour

  • @ekamathma7058
    @ekamathma7058 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hello brother, where are you located in India? I want to get in touch with you for I don't know coding and I want to see how voltage change

  • @SymphonyKol_androidLover
    @SymphonyKol_androidLover 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    awesome explanation, thanks for making the video.

  • @khanhangduy8013
    @khanhangduy8013 ปีที่แล้ว

    I want the led to remain light on till the next time my hand move to near ir sensor.. what i need to change with this circuit

  • @darkspit9601
    @darkspit9601 ปีที่แล้ว

    i have a 4.7k pot rather than 10k how will it effect the performance or circuit

  • @stevendanielkussoy4859
    @stevendanielkussoy4859 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    very helpful for me, a beginner studying basic electronics ...
    and then bro doing an electro project, gbu

  • @meghashyamjoshi1094
    @meghashyamjoshi1094 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very good description with video thank u so much

  • @interestinginnovations619
    @interestinginnovations619 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have a dout does ir sensor detect the obstacle which is placed after the glass

  • @pzb4
    @pzb4 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    i need to make a proximity sensor for a door that will only operate the circuit if the person or object carrying something that will trigger the proximity sensor. so if you were not carrying the object it would not open the door, but if you are carrying it, it would sense your proximity and open the door. what would I use for this?

  • @rogerwalter2500
    @rogerwalter2500 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    It worked on my first attempt. I used 5V mobile charger supply to power it. Suggestion- 270R should have higher wattage, gets hot on 12V & please use different colored wire for +ve & GND.. Thanks.

    • @idreesquadri3641
      @idreesquadri3641 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Your circuit has a humongous flaw that will render this useless.
      You've labelled your photodiode as a transmitter, And you've labelled your infrared diode as a reciever. The entire circuit and theory behind this is perfect, but you have to swap these two.
      Infrared diode(transparent) positive pin to VCC, negative to R1 resistor which is then grounded.
      Photodiode(black) positive pin connected to pin3 of OpAmp as well as a resistor which is then grounded. Negative pin of photodiode to positive.

  • @maxwarfield6699
    @maxwarfield6699 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Great project and video! PLEASE make the schematic for this circuit available. Thank you kindly

    • @peatmoss4415
      @peatmoss4415 24 วันที่ผ่านมา

      The link is in the description, pay attention!

  • @timo9madrid7
    @timo9madrid7 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    hello, I am making a tracking car that needs photo-reflective sensors. How could you please tell me how you determine the values of your resistors in your video?

  • @wakeelfurqanahmed2940
    @wakeelfurqanahmed2940 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can this be done with Not gates (7404) rather than using this ic ? plz reply urgently

  • @robindas1207
    @robindas1207 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    great circuit and explanations

  • @pallavigokhale7187
    @pallavigokhale7187 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    What do I need to do if i want the buzzer to be buzz along with LED blinking ?? Can u plz help me out!

  • @ramuurs7227
    @ramuurs7227 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent explanation sir😍😘🤗

  • @manisha62829
    @manisha62829 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    How much supply given to the breadboard? Plz reply I dont know how much voltage give to the breadboard

  • @indushreen3009
    @indushreen3009 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Whenever I supply the power the led is not at all glowing... Could you please tell whats am i supposed to do
    Ive watched ur troubleshooting vdo too
    But even after trying all those things the circuit isnt working

  • @SanjuctaChoudhuryBECvit
    @SanjuctaChoudhuryBECvit 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Doing a great job buddy ✌️💚💚

  • @shohagmiah4322
    @shohagmiah4322 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    nice project brother.....onk vlo lage apnr project gula.................

  • @hamzahansari6900
    @hamzahansari6900 ปีที่แล้ว

    What maximum distance range can we get by this.
    Pls reply
    Thank you and amazing explanation.

  • @atikhasan2968
    @atikhasan2968 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can i use servo motor instead of led light here?

  • @vayunandanakishore6652
    @vayunandanakishore6652 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice explanation.

  • @nelsoncastillo4506
    @nelsoncastillo4506 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    very good tutorial,this circuit it serves to measure rpm ?

  • @kapilchouhan9981
    @kapilchouhan9981 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Infrared emit transparent diode karta he ya black diode?

  • @siddhat7802
    @siddhat7802 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    why 270 ohm resistor in the IR led?, why not 1k or any other?
    Also how do you find out the value of the resistor to be used?

  • @curiegupta7585
    @curiegupta7585 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is there any other physical difference which separates IR LED from other LEDs?

  • @Pavankumar71036
    @Pavankumar71036 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bro for this project shall we add buzzer

  • @wimalranasinghe2950
    @wimalranasinghe2950 ปีที่แล้ว

    When I connected the resistor to the the 1st IR LED photodiode the LED bulb doesn't on eventhough I change the resistance in 10k Pot meter

  • @Circuitsplanet
    @Circuitsplanet 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir in my case voltage across the 10k resisotor do not change whenever obstacle comes nearer to the pair? what should I do??? plzz help me

  • @VMaster7860
    @VMaster7860 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir please explain why you have taken 270ohm only for the 2 resistances