Hey, Vsauce. Michael here. Where are your fingers? Seriously. It’s a pretty easy question. You should be able to answer it. But how do you know? How does anyone know anything? You might say, well, I know where my fingers are. I’m looking right at them. Or, I can touch them, I can feel them, they’re right here and that’s good. Your senses are a great way to learn things. In fact, we have way more than the usual five senses we talk about. For instance, your kinesthetic sense, proprioception. This is what the police evaluate during a field sobriety test. It allows you to tell where your fingers and arms and head and legs in your body are all in relation to each other without having to look or touch other things. We have way more than five senses, we have at least twice as many and then some. But they’re not perfect. There are optical illusions, audio illusions, temperature sensation illusions, even tactile illusions. Can you turn your tongue upside down? If so, perfect. Try this. Run your finger along the outer edge of the tip of your upside-down tongue. Your tongue will be able to feel your finger but in the wrong place. Our brains never needed to develop an understanding of upside-down tongue touch. So, when you touch the right side of your tongue when it’s flipped over to your left side, you perceive a sensation on the opposite side, where your tongue usually is but isn’t when it’s upside down. It’s pretty freaky and cool and a little humbling, because it shows the limits of the accuracy of our senses, the only tools we have to get what’s out there in here. The philosophy of knowledge, the study of knowing, is called Epistemology. Plato famously said that the things we know are things that are true, that we believe, and that we have justification for believing. Those justifications might be irrational, or they might be rational, they might be based on proof, but don’t get too confident, because proven is not a synonym for true. Luckily, there are things that we can know without needing proof, without needing to even leave the house, things that we can know as true by reason alone. These are things that we know a priori. An example would be the statement “All bachelors are unmarried.” I don’t have to go survey every bachelor on earth to know that that is true. All bachelors are unmarried because that’s how we define the word bachelor. Of course, you have to know what the words bachelor and unmarried mean in the first place. Oh, you do? Okay. Perfect. That's great. But how do you know? This time I mean functionally, how do you know? Where is knowledge biologically in the brain? What are memories made out of? We are a long way from being able to answer that question completely but research has shown that memories don't exist in the brain in single locations. Instead, what we call a memory is likely made up of many different complex relationships all over the brain between lots of brain cells, neurons. A major cellular mechanism thought to underlie the formation of memories is long-term potentiation or LTP. When one neuron stimulates another neuron repeatedly that signal can be enhanced overtime LTP, wiring them more strongly together and that connection can last a long time, even an entire lifetime. A collection of different brain cells, neurons that fire together in a particular order over and over again frequently and repeatedly can achieve long-term potentiation, becoming more sensitive to each other and more ready to fire in the exact same way later on in the future. They're a physical thing in your brain, firing together more easily because you strengthen that pattern of firing. You memorized. This branching forest of firing friends looks messy, but look closer. It could be the memory of your first kiss. A living souvenir of the event. If I were to go into your brain and cut out those cells, could I make you forget your first kiss or could I make you forget where your fingers are? Only if I cut out a lot of your brain. Because memories aren't just stored in one relationship, they're stored all over the brain. The events leading up to your first kiss are stored in one network, the way it felt to the way it smelled in different networks, all added up together making what you call the memory of your first kiss. How many memories can you fit inside your head? What is the storage capacity of the human brain? The best we can do is a rough estimate, but given the number of neurons in the brain involved with memory and the number of different connections a single neuron can make Paul Reber at Northwestern University estimated that we can store the digital equivalent of about 2.5 petabytes of information. That's the equivalent of recording a TV channel continuously for 300 years. That's a lot of information. That is a lot of information about skills you can do and facts and people you've met, things in the real world. The world is real, right? How do you know? It's a difficult question, but it's not rocket science. Instead, it is asking whether or not rocket scientists even exist in the first place. The theory that the Sun moved around the earth worked great. It predicted that the Sun would rise every morning and it did. It wasn't until later that we realized what we thought was true might not be. So, do we or will we ever know true reality or are we stuck in a world where the best we can do is be approximately true? Discovering more and more useful theories every day but never actually reaching true objective actual reality. Can science or reason ever prove convincingly that your friends and TH-cam videos and your fingers actually exist beyond your mind? That you don't just live in the matrix? No. Your mind is all that you have, even if you use instruments, like a telescope or particle accelerators. The final stop for all of that information is ultimately you. You are alone in your own brain, which technically makes it impossible to prove that anything else exists. It's called the egocentric predicament. Everything you know about the world out there depends on and is created inside your brain. This mattered so much to Charles Sanders Peirce that he drew a line between reality, the way the universe truly is, and what he called the phaneron, the world as filtered through our senses and bodies, the only information we can get. If you want to speak with certainty you live in, that is you react to and remember and experience your phaneron, not reality. The belief that only you exist and everything else, food, the universe, your friends are all figments of your mind is called solipsism. There is no way to convince a solipsist that the outside world is real. And there is no way to convince someone who doubts that the universe wasn't created just three seconds ago along with all of our memories. It's a frightening realization that we don't always know how to deal with. There's even The Matrix defense. In 2002 Tonda Lynn Ansley shot and killed her landlady. She argued that she believed she was in the matrix, that her crimes weren't real. By using the matrix defense, she was found not guilty by reason of insanity, because the opposite view is just way healthier and common. It's called realism. Realism is the belief that the outside world exists independently of your own phaneron. Rocks and stars and Thora Birch would continue to exist even if you weren't around to experience them. But you cannot know realism is true. All you can do is believe. Martin Gardner, a great source for math magic tricks, explained that he is not a solipsist because realism is just way more convenient and healthy and it works. As to whether it bothered him that he could never know realism was true, he wrote, "If you ask me to tell you anything about the nature of what lies beyond the phaneron, my answer is how should I know? I'm not dismayed by ultimate mysteries, I can no more grasp what is behind such questions as my cat can understand what is behind the clatter I make while I type this paragraph." Humble stuff. What strikes me is the cat. Cats do not understand keyboards, but they know the keyboards are a fun place to be. It's a great way to get the attention of a human, they're warm and exciting, surrounded by noises and flashing lights plus cats love to get their scent on whatever they can, a mark of their existence. We aren't that much different, except instead of keyboards we have the mysteries of the universe. We will never be able to understand all of them. We won't be able to ever answer every single question, but walking around in those questions, exploring them, is fun. It feels good. And as always, thanks for watching.
0:23 can you un pixilate this image? (for scientific purposes). But seriously this video was really quite funny and really captured what mobile ads are about incoherent garbage click baiting porn and advertising the gameplay to be something completely different to the actual game. I honestly can't believe what mobile ads are now a days Robtop should really hire you to make adverts for the game.
You can watch the unedited ads here: th-cam.com/video/6IwmZ56Tn2Y/w-d-xo.htmlsi=ZyrQ0ia2m0sFEVNI
lets go
no
asureturk Collabing to alimicious because I'm on his server makes me happy
Hey, Vsauce. Michael here. Where are your fingers? Seriously. It’s a pretty easy question. You should be able to answer it. But how do you know? How does anyone know anything? You might say, well, I know where my fingers are. I’m looking right at them. Or, I can touch them, I can feel them, they’re right here and that’s good. Your senses are a great way to learn things. In fact, we have way more than the usual five senses we talk about. For instance, your kinesthetic sense, proprioception. This is what the police evaluate during a field sobriety test. It allows you to tell where your fingers and arms and head and legs in your body are all in relation to each other without having to look or touch other things. We have way more than five senses, we have at least twice as many and then some. But they’re not perfect. There are optical illusions, audio illusions, temperature sensation illusions, even tactile illusions. Can you turn your tongue upside down? If so, perfect. Try this. Run your finger along the outer edge of the tip of your upside-down tongue. Your tongue will be able to feel your finger but in the wrong place. Our brains never needed to develop an understanding of upside-down tongue touch. So, when you touch the right side of your tongue when it’s flipped over to your left side, you perceive a sensation on the opposite side, where your tongue usually is but isn’t when it’s upside down. It’s pretty freaky and cool and a little humbling, because it shows the limits of the accuracy of our senses, the only tools we have to get what’s out there in here. The philosophy of knowledge, the study of knowing, is called Epistemology. Plato famously said that the things we know are things that are true, that we believe, and that we have justification for believing. Those justifications might be irrational, or they might be rational, they might be based on proof, but don’t get too confident, because proven is not a synonym for true. Luckily, there are things that we can know without needing proof, without needing to even leave the house, things that we can know as true by reason alone. These are things that we know a priori. An example would be the statement “All bachelors are unmarried.” I don’t have to go survey every bachelor on earth to know that that is true. All bachelors are unmarried because that’s how we define the word bachelor. Of course, you have to know what the words bachelor and unmarried mean in the first place. Oh, you do? Okay. Perfect. That's great. But how do you know? This time I mean functionally, how do you know? Where is knowledge biologically in the brain? What are memories made out of? We are a long way from being able to answer that question completely but research has shown that memories don't exist in the brain in single locations. Instead, what we call a memory is likely made up of many different complex relationships all over the brain between lots of brain cells, neurons. A major cellular mechanism thought to underlie the formation of memories is long-term potentiation or LTP. When one neuron stimulates another neuron repeatedly that signal can be enhanced overtime LTP, wiring them more strongly together and that connection can last a long time, even an entire lifetime. A collection of different brain cells, neurons that fire together in a particular order over and over again frequently and repeatedly can achieve long-term potentiation, becoming more sensitive to each other and more ready to fire in the exact same way later on in the future. They're a physical thing in your brain, firing together more easily because you strengthen that pattern of firing. You memorized. This branching forest of firing friends looks messy, but look closer. It could be the memory of your first kiss. A living souvenir of the event. If I were to go into your brain and cut out those cells, could I make you forget your first kiss or could I make you forget where your fingers are? Only if I cut out a lot of your brain. Because memories aren't just stored in one relationship, they're stored all over the brain. The events leading up to your first kiss are stored in one network, the way it felt to the way it smelled in different networks, all added up together making what you call the memory of your first kiss. How many memories can you fit inside your head? What is the storage capacity of the human brain? The best we can do is a rough estimate, but given the number of neurons in the brain involved with memory and the number of different connections a single neuron can make Paul Reber at Northwestern University estimated that we can store the digital equivalent of about 2.5 petabytes of information. That's the equivalent of recording a TV channel continuously for 300 years. That's a lot of information. That is a lot of information about skills you can do and facts and people you've met, things in the real world. The world is real, right? How do you know? It's a difficult question, but it's not rocket science. Instead, it is asking whether or not rocket scientists even exist in the first place. The theory that the Sun moved around the earth worked great. It predicted that the Sun would rise every morning and it did. It wasn't until later that we realized what we thought was true might not be. So, do we or will we ever know true reality or are we stuck in a world where the best we can do is be approximately true? Discovering more and more useful theories every day but never actually reaching true objective actual reality. Can science or reason ever prove convincingly that your friends and TH-cam videos and your fingers actually exist beyond your mind? That you don't just live in the matrix? No. Your mind is all that you have, even if you use instruments, like a telescope or particle accelerators. The final stop for all of that information is ultimately you. You are alone in your own brain, which technically makes it impossible to prove that anything else exists. It's called the egocentric predicament. Everything you know about the world out there depends on and is created inside your brain. This mattered so much to Charles Sanders Peirce that he drew a line between reality, the way the universe truly is, and what he called the phaneron, the world as filtered through our senses and bodies, the only information we can get. If you want to speak with certainty you live in, that is you react to and remember and experience your phaneron, not reality. The belief that only you exist and everything else, food, the universe, your friends are all figments of your mind is called solipsism. There is no way to convince a solipsist that the outside world is real. And there is no way to convince someone who doubts that the universe wasn't created just three seconds ago along with all of our memories. It's a frightening realization that we don't always know how to deal with. There's even The Matrix defense. In 2002 Tonda Lynn Ansley shot and killed her landlady. She argued that she believed she was in the matrix, that her crimes weren't real. By using the matrix defense, she was found not guilty by reason of insanity, because the opposite view is just way healthier and common. It's called realism. Realism is the belief that the outside world exists independently of your own phaneron. Rocks and stars and Thora Birch would continue to exist even if you weren't around to experience them. But you cannot know realism is true. All you can do is believe. Martin Gardner, a great source for math magic tricks, explained that he is not a solipsist because realism is just way more convenient and healthy and it works. As to whether it bothered him that he could never know realism was true, he wrote, "If you ask me to tell you anything about the nature of what lies beyond the phaneron, my answer is how should I know? I'm not dismayed by ultimate mysteries, I can no more grasp what is behind such questions as my cat can understand what is behind the clatter I make while I type this paragraph." Humble stuff. What strikes me is the cat. Cats do not understand keyboards, but they know the keyboards are a fun place to be. It's a great way to get the attention of a human, they're warm and exciting, surrounded by noises and flashing lights plus cats love to get their scent on whatever they can, a mark of their existence. We aren't that much different, except instead of keyboards we have the mysteries of the universe. We will never be able to understand all of them. We won't be able to ever answer every single question, but walking around in those questions, exploring them, is fun. It feels good. And as always, thanks for watching.
No way schlawg wrote a vsauce video
I watch a gd video, and i get to read a vsauce video
Bro became vsauce oh nah 💀💀💀
Respect for this man who memorized an entire vsauce video just to write a silly comment
Hey vsauce. Michael here, why?
If geometry, then only dash! 🔥
fr
toes
if geometry = dash then
dash is geometry
frfr
🔥!hsad ylno neht, yrtemoeg fI
6:36 that KaiGuy jumping and the ad at right gets every time💀
1:41 ah yes, Geomatree dash, my favourite game
I love gomvety dahs
@@rafaelsobreiradasilva3264 same gorbazy sprint is epic
golyn hopsocks way better
Still better than kaiguy’s gd acadamy ads
Ngl true
Bot
you know the video is good when it says held their families captive in the first 3 seconds
can i have my family back now
No lopsi-chan
No you cannot 😂😂😂
@@iamthebestGDplayereverCool tag. Unfortunately you're not, and I don't give a damn.
@@ST3LLAR.mp3 make me
Yes
7:22 thanks big G for putting my video
0:23 can you un pixilate this image? (for scientific purposes). But seriously this video was really quite funny and really captured what mobile ads are about incoherent garbage click baiting porn and advertising the gameplay to be something completely different to the actual game. I honestly can't believe what mobile ads are now a days Robtop should really hire you to make adverts for the game.
🤨🤨🤨🤨🤨🤨
how is a probably nsfw photo of a furry drawing for scientific purposes
📸📸📸📸📸📸
ngl
even tho the image is pixelated
kinda looks funny
6:29 is my fav part to the end
i'm surprised that nobody did the "I HAVE 982638 POWER IN GD" formula
Wait what AzureTurk held his own family captive and forced himself to make ads
Imagine if RobTop actually uses these ads🤣
I loved the part where blufuyre said ‘subscrieb to azure Turk’ truly the inspirational quote of all time
why do i see these ads fr fr 💀
How many people has azure held hostage over time?
Many
@@AzureTurkis it more than 5,000
1:49 bro that wasnt herozer that was me 😭
Dude, I wasn’t even in this video and I had my family stolen by Azure
I'm still waiting for that ransom money
@@AzureTurk i will pay it. how much?
this geometry dash game really looks good from these ads! i cant wait to try it for the first time 😊😊😊 (wheres the gd cologne body pillow)
it will get to you in 999999999999999999999999999999999 years when update 5.3 is out
6:10 Bro Cooked But Noone Was Hungry 💀🙏
7:24 me! 😱😱😱
DAYUM
found your comment after asking you on discord lol
@@AdaveGD lmao
AZURETURK FACE REVEAL1!1!1!1!1!1!1!!1!1!1!11
I liked the video and MrBeast came to my house and gave me a bajillion dollars!!! 🤑🤣
But... where did my family go..?
sauce for the furry picture?
and it's the Eminem of gd
7:29. Yo thanks for using my clip
You should coprught strike him🔥🔥
2:37 ._.
this is just gd colons video from like 4 years ago but better
Colons the goat lol
Omgee I see my fav youtuber!!
I hope you gave their families back after this😢
The last one tho 😭💀
2:31 ok,
☠️
6:59 background ceiling fan noise🤤
7:24 Lets gooo Herobrineplz9 was in this video!!!!
AYYYYY my silly dragon princess oc and my girly high pitched ahh voice were featured at the end :3
these are the most fire ads i have ever seen🔥🔥🔥
THESE ADS ARE FIRE🔥🔥🔥🔥
U gotta see the end XD
@@Herobrinepleaz9i saw it lol
this video is unhinged 💀 (in a good way)
Lopsided became gd colonge 😢
that thumbnail tho.......
Its Fire🔥🔥🔥
THE video of all time
can we just appreciate the effort he puts in his videos
If I was here I totally would’ve won
Bro cooked
what is that thumbnail bro
WE WILL OVERCOME THE DEMONS 🗣️🗣️🗣️‼️‼️‼️
wake up azure uploaded
Still better than alien x video ads
Video Idea: Draw gd TH-camrs from memory
I’m surprised no one looked up LemonCak3’s shorts for reference.
i cooked hard huh
5:08 🫡
great vid lol
I like the furry art 👍
Same =)
Sameeee, wish it was un-pixelated :(
AYOOOOO💀💀💀💀💀💀
not even 8 minutes long! you're not going to get those midrolls
😢
Bro cooked fr
This aint geometry dash this i- hey, Vsause. Mich-
Bro is the man who made the crap nebula 3:36
lopsided's ad is literallt colon's ad from like 2019
robtop taking notes
Wait aren't you that guy who posts these shorts with an weird face and these what's app texting?
You got me mixed up lol 💀
I WASNT THE GUY WHO SAID SOMETHINT ABOUT MY SISTER??
He cooked
why was the furry censored though i dont see anything wrong with it
i liked all of the ads though
oh hey you got unstable hen
what editing software do you use?
Results a 3:29
Mr Beast Meta is taking over
What song was that at 3:45
Bloody Mary by Lady Gaga, amazing song.
0:36 VINESAUCE
2:10 don't look down please
5:02 wait is cursed a Muslim?! Cause I am
7:24 bruh
2:10 um the youtube link?
7:24 😂😂😂
5:17 WTH BRO MUSLIM
2:37 hear me out.
this is amazing lmao
geomatree dash
5:01 he is right.
Where can I download Geometry Smash?
2:37 why is this not pixelated but 0:23 is?
yeah
abi senin evini bulacam
7:24
edge time
lopsided chicken w
sorry guys
Guys, I might subscribe to azure twerk
lol 😂😂😂😂😂
0:23 i can guess it was r34 or vore
MEWTURK
2:34
💎
biden blast processing
Can i get bleach (BC 2:36)
Mr Smith
Abi lütfen türçede çek
mashallah
Mister bust
I know that guy