傑·文化-故宮博物院珍藏瓷器在香港展出 Kit.Culture-Exhibition of Rare Chinese Ceramics of Palace Museum at Hong Kong

中國陶瓷，擁有萬年以上的悠久歷史。自新石器時代的仰韶文化，已開始製作彩陶、紅陶以及白陶器，龍山文化則盛行製作黑陶。殷商時期，被稱為「原始青瓷」的灰釉陶器，正式登場。春秋至戰國時期的主要燒製品為印文硬陶與灰釉陶。戰國時期，大量燒造灰陶與加彩灰陶俑，秦始皇陵兵馬俑為其中代表。東漢開始，主要作為隨葬品的鉛釉陶器開始流行。而此時，真正的青瓷正式出現於浙江省北部的越窯。自三國至南朝，青瓷生產甚為興盛，產品包含具有獨特造型的穀倉罐與雞首壺等。另一方面，北朝時期的華北地區，則主要生產鉛釉陶和青瓷，特別是北齊時期，已可見到於黃釉上加施綠釉的二彩和三彩的鉛釉陶器，以及處於醞釀萌芽階段的初期白瓷作品。
唐代大量燒製加彩、三彩器皿和陶俑，來自國際化的文化影響也體現在陶瓷器的紋樣和造型上。華北地區的邢窯自隋代開始燒造白瓷，定窯的白瓷生產亦自唐代揭開序幕。另一方面，越窯仍持續生產青瓷，晚唐自五代間，最高級之青瓷，被譽為「秘色」瓷器，秘色一詞也因此成為青瓷的代名詞。長沙窯則盛行製作以銅、鐵等元素進行釉下彩繪裝飾的水注與盤類，這些產品也外銷海外。
北宋時期，以牙白釉色和流暢華麗的刻畫花紋樣為特色的定窯白瓷，蔚為流行，其影響被及各地瓷窯。耀州窯燒造的青瓷，以橄欖青釉色為其特色。位處河南省的汝窯，於北宋末期生產宮廷用器，其優美的青瓷也影響了後來的鈞窯。而所謂「磁州窯」系的瓷窯，遍及河南省、河北省與山西省等地，善於活用白色化妝土進行裝飾，製品多元而豐富。南宋時期，於都城臨安（今杭州）設置官窯，所燒造的青瓷，以胎質灰黑、釉層肥厚為其特徵。此外，流傳於日本且廣為人知的傳世作品，如龍泉窯青瓷、建窯及吉州窯所生產的各色天目茶碗、景德鎮的青白瓷等，這些具備當地特色的陶瓷器，皆屬於當時中國各地的瓷窯蓬勃生產的產品內容。
時至元代，景德鎮的青花技法已發展完備，同時也出現了以氧化銅為顏料的釉裡紅製品。此時，青花瓷器連同龍泉窯青瓷，亦大量外銷至中近東和其他海外市場。
明代，景德鎮設置御窯廠，專門生產宮廷用器。洪武時期實施海禁，來自伊斯蘭圈的鈷料供應因此中斷，卻使釉裡紅瓷器的製作得到發展。永樂年間(1403-1424)，重啟鈷料進口。宣德年間(1426-1435)，嘗試試驗各式製作技法，生產更趨活躍。成化年間(1465-1487)，燒製的小型碗盤器物除技術純熟、完成度高外，也開始運用鬥彩技技法。
嘉靖年間(1522-1566)，為補足御窯廠的生產量，開始委託水準較高的民窯生產製作官窯製品（譯注：即所謂「官搭民燒」方式）。所製作的各色五彩器物，撼動了嚴格的官窯作風。萬曆年間(1573-1620)，五彩器物的種類明顯增加。另一方面，景德鎮民窯燒造的製品則有於五彩之上加飾金彩的金襴手(kinrande)風格以及卡拉克風格的瓷器。官窯衰退的明末清初時期，民窯生產相對活躍，並依貿易對象之喜好生產陶瓷製品。
到了清代，粉彩及琺瑯彩技術被研發成功，開始在瓷器的表面進行繪畫塗色等工藝。隨着技術的進步，各種各樣的色釉被開發出來，中國陶瓷在成形和施釉技術、描繪技法等方面都達到了前所未有的巔峰。然而在這之後，隨着清末民初社會動盪，戰亂不斷，陶瓷行業的整體水平也出現了明顯的下滑。
來源:
日本大阪市立東洋陶瓷美術館
維基百科
The history of Chinese ceramics began in the Neolithic Age. Although it is still impossible to determine when and where the earliest earthen tools in China appeared, according to the radiocarbon dating results of the unearthed cultural relics, the original fired earthenware appeared about 10,000 years ago. A major feature of Chinese ceramics is that in the early Neolithic period, human beings have begun to use kilns to burn earthenware, which is a step further than the original ordinary earthenware. Get harder pottery. In addition, through the selection of tire soil, the adjustment of firing temperature and the adjustment of oxygen supply in the kiln, people have produced gray pottery, black pottery, white pottery and other varieties rich in change. In addition, by using a potter's wheel, it has been possible to make ceramics with a uniform wall thickness. Another feature is the development of glazed pottery. In the history of world ceramics, only West Asia, Egypt and China have independently developed the technology of glazed pottery without relying on the introduction of foreign technology. As early as the mid-Yin period (that is, around 1500 BC), China began to consciously apply gray glaze to pottery to produce glazed pottery. Although there is disagreement as to whether the glazed pottery of this period can be regarded as "porcelain", more than a thousand years later, in the Later Han Dynasty (2nd century), there was a real celadon, that is, "Ancient Yue Porcelain". The Tang Dynasty's masterpiece of ceramic craftsmanship, "Tang Sancai", is still not porcelain. It uses lead in the glaze and then fires it with low fire. It is used in large quantities as grave goods or building materials, and cannot be used in daily life.
The Song Dynasty was a peak in the development of Chinese ceramics. At that time, the court set up many official kilns, among which Ding kiln white porcelain and Ru kiln celadon represented the highest level at that time, and their products were classic in terms of shape and color. At the same time, there are also Cizhou kilns, Yaozhou kilns, Longquan kilns, Jian kilns, Jizhou kilns and other distinctive porcelain production bases in South China and North China. Among them, the most influential and leading the development of Chinese ceramic history is Jingdezhen kiln in Jiangxi Province. In the Yuan Dynasty, China began to produce blue-and-white porcelain using cobalt pigments and exported it in large quantities, becoming a popular commodity in the Islamic world and Europe.
In the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen kilns became the center of China's ceramics industry, producing a large number of blue-and-white and multicolored ceramics with painting decorations. From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the folk kilns in Jingdezhen and the Zhangzhou kilns in Fujian exported a large number of porcelains with different styles from the official kilns, which were exported to Portugal, the Netherlands, Japan and other places. In the Qing Dynasty, the pastel (enamel color) technology using the Qibao technique was successfully developed, and techniques such as painting and coloring began to be performed on the surface of porcelain. With the advancement of technology, various color glazes have been developed, and Chinese ceramics have reached an unprecedented peak in terms of forming and glazing techniques, drawing techniques, etc. However, after that, with the social turmoil in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the overall level of the ceramic industry also declined significantly.
Source: Wikipedia

[@jackkam7140]

傑。文化
攝影詳盡，耐心細心，每件展品都停留足夠時間, 難得。
真要謝謝你的用心與付出 .
絕對是專業水準。
猜想閣下必是箇中專業人士。
希望能继续上載佳品。

[@xiaohuazou5288]

太精彩了！感官全方位的享受！谢谢您！🙏👍👍👍

[@masterpiecea3015]

super

[@wongtom2391]

在香港能看到故宮古董太好了，香港有很多高尚人仕，一定很喜歡。

[@user-fo2gj8sd5n]

拍摄音响效果真好.

[@andyqian1241]

赞

[@HSRW777]

谢谢带我们欣赏国宝

[@user-mg2np3wf6k]

香港博物馆也很多高古瓷

[@kimmayhoe9105]

谢谢你的分享

[@miken5306]

Thank you for sharing.

[@user-gj7pu9tc2o]

这个展览规格很高，都是国宝。很惊讶这些瓷器能被批准长途运输。

[@jackkam7140]

好！
請用横向format!
為何后妃容服影片「打直」了！

[@user-lt7pi7gi3s]

歡迎網路搜尋 ----- 從死裡復活的和尚(緬) ----感動人的故事

[@user-rp1ve9kh6j]

可有出版紙本專輯？

[@Duncan69]

我拍了一條，由展覽主辦人 李秀恒博士(前中華廠商會會長) 親自導賞中華文物展的影片，影片長一小時，我用好多時間去剪輯，過來支持一吓 😅

[@user-db5ml8on6u]

[@10145894]

背景音樂跟國寶不搭降低格調，低俗吵雜還不如現場的白噪音

[@xiaohuazou5288]

我坚信你不是一个能从头看到尾的人，到此一游的存在感不能少。👍