Destroying The Earth With A Microscopic Black Hole - Let's Simulate It!
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 มิ.ย. 2024
- Imagine you dropped a black hole that was the size of a speck of dust on the Earth, how long would it take to consume the planet?
Astrophysical implications of hypothetical stable TeV-scale black holes
Steven B. Giddings, Michelangelo M. Mangano
arxiv.org/abs/0806.3381
Features some images from Star Trek, because, you know they do that kind of thing in the 2009 movie.
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thanks man
Hey speaking of 9:21 would you do a video about Oppenheimer calculating the possibility of the atmosphere would combust if they detonate a nuke
What would happen if you build a huge Particle accelerator in space around the earth about the same orbit as space station Or an orbit that it would be able to hold its place
There was a thiery/thesess( I spell both wrong?) some 20+ years ago(guess) that if there was a very small black hole buzzing thro "what effect would happen"?
It would show up as a sismic(sp?) event, in fact two, one in and one outbound.
What angle could not be overlooked? A very shallow angle would create an instant scar... very noticeable. A little deeper would have two scar's pointing at each other.
So two events from a fairly deep angle.
So next, what time between these two events. PDQ.. Almost instant. So, possible error in recordings could have them at the same time.
Off he went snooping records. He did find a pair of events. Not good enough, could be accident. Search further found none.
One was in Alaska, a bay I believe.. the other is way too fuzzy and I don't recall.
Where did I see it? Pretty far back. TC show or YT.. pffft.
Final result.. " Could possibly have already happened. " No hard evidence from either site.
Also, could have been more than one, an entrance or exit wound in the oceans would go unnoticed. Also, space pretty big, realatively speaking, not likely to turn earth into swiss cheese.
Quite the ride, good program... (proll'y TV show)
I did a search before writing this.. way too much noise on black holes. 1.5hrs searching. (micro black hole) pffft.
I know where my hat is, I'll show myself out...
I have had a question for a while about thea and the collision that created the moon. could the pacific basin be the remains of the impact point? I know that the continents have moved around a lot since then but the crust of the pacific floor is extremely thin in comparison to the rest of the planet. New crust has been pushed up at the upwelling, but is it still evidence of the impact?
Urgh, as a physicist I hate that this paper originally had to be written because someone completely mis-understood "We're creating tiny black holes in the accelerator" and it snowballed from there... But it does offer some great opportunities for What-If scenarios :D
Since you're a physicist, I have a question: Do physicists actually think that there really is a singularity in black holes? That is 1/0 is *undefined*. Now, math isn't really my thing, and so I don't really know what "singularity" actually refers to in the math here, but my impression is that the problem (or one of them) is actually that GR and QM haven't been unified. Do we have any reason to think singularities actually exist?
@@bsadewitz that's a really great question, and I think the honest answer is, most of us have absolutely no idea. A singularity is really just a point where the maths goes insane and we don't have anything to fix it. As you already noted, without a unifying theory of QM and GR it doesn't make any sense at that scale. I suspect that whatever will unify those two will fix the answer, what that will look like is well beyond my understanding... I'd like to stake-hold it by a new state of degenerate matter where you get super-massive particles forming into quantum levels c.f. the neutron degeneracy in a neutron star, but honestly that's a pure guess with no mathematical rigorousness to back it up.
I really hope I live long enough to see it fixed (and long enough to understand it for myself) as it will be fascinating.
As a physicist I would have been incredibly excited to work on something so esoteric.
Too bad we didn't survive the initial atom bomb tests because they set the atmosphere on fire.
@@scottmanley Are you a physicist? I really don't know either way. Because I was talking to the individual who identified as one. ;-)
Earth, by David Brin features a micro black hole that gets dropped into the planet from a particle accelerator. It's a fantastic book - and not the disaster story that you might be expecting...
Brilliant book, but yes it gets weirder than one expects (unless you are familiar with Brin's work, which does tend to go unexpected places).
There was a book published (in the 80s I believe)( called Thrice Upon a Time. It talked about the super colliders making micro black holes. How they would go through people and buildings as they headed toward the center of the Earth. When I got to be a certain amount of them down there they would destroy the world. The plot revolves around being able to reset Time by going back in time and stopping the test that created them
Fantastic book, great worldbuilding too. (I'm assuming your summation is the way it is to avoid spoilers)
I absolutely love Earth, and have read it many times. His other books are pretty good too. Kiln People is very good too.
How I loved that book. And other Brin classics - what’s not to like about dolphins and chimpanzees flying around in space. I sometimes think humanity could do with a bit of Uplift 😅
I think it happened the way it did in Star Trek because they attempted to counteract the process by, uh, remodulating the deflector array with a tachyon pulse, or some such.
"In English?"
"Like playing a 33 rpm record at 78 rpm and spilling glitter on it."
"Why didn't you say that the first time?"
Or its just what looked best and on screen and what the audience was expecting
@@jetseekersDo you doubt the effectiveness of a tachyon pulse modulated deflector array?!
@@RCAvhstape only if it's frequency was determined through multi-modal reflection sorting
For a number of years now, work has been proceeding in order to bring perfection to the crudely conceived idea of a transmission that would not only supply inverse reactive current for use in unilateral phase detractors, but would also be capable of automatically synchronizing cardinal grammeters. Such an instrument is the turbo encabulator.
David Brin wrote about a literal microscopic black hole being experimented on and then accidentally dropped into the middle of the Earth in his Uplift War series of novels (I'll make a stretch to say Earth is a part-prequel of the uplift series). I highly recommend this series! (Startide rising is the best! :) The Earth scientists PANICKED and desperately tried to track what the tiny black hole was doing inside the Earth-- and they werre relieved to find out that the structure of it was unstable and eliminating itself... but then with those same instruments they discovered a SECOND microscopic black hole in the middle of the Earth! And this one was expertly crafted, stable and slowly growing... and that's when they realized that something wanted to get rid of humans before they got out and caused too much trouble in the universe-- buy the books to find out what happens next! :D
except the true vacuum isn't a gravitational singularity.
I don’t give a shit about spoilers and I’m about one sentence under threshold to read this series. Give me slightest bit more. What is true vacuum if not gravitational? Gimme something
@@erdngtn9942 No, your too lazy to google. get offline
I'm neither a mathematician nor a physicist, but two things I do remember about black holes is:
a) Small black holes evaporate incredibly quickly
b) A black hole the mass of an asteroid has the gravitational attraction of 'an asteroid'. It's just that the mass is concentrated at one point in space.
Given these two things, I'm struggling with the 'Speck of Dust' event horizon consuming a planet.
Remember inverse square law, a 1km wide asteroid may have a mass of the order of billions of tons which means an acceleration of 0.0000667m/s^2 at its surface, but, squeeze that into 1m radius and it's 66m/s^2 acceleration. And the evaporation time for a billion ton black hole is longer than the current age of the universe.
@@scottmanley If it comes from space, it'll have fallen towards the solar system and then towards Earth for a long time before it hits, accumulating at least several tens of km/s of velocity. So yes, it'll have a tremendous acceleration around it. But assuming a relatively moderate 40 km/s, it'll only be effective for 2m / 40 km/s = 50 us with more than those 66 m/s^2 acceleration if my maths is right. Too lazy now for a back-of-the-envelope calculation of the deposited energy. Gut feeling tells me it'll be a few nuclear bombs but extended out over thousands of km. With the appearance of an interesting linear lightning strike in the atmosphere.
Regarding B: No. Gravitational attraction is a function of both mass and distance...and it's exponential to distance. On Earth, we experience 9.8 m/s/s of gravity because we are over 6,300 km away from the center of the Earth. If the Earth were 1 cm in radius, we would be feeling 5.2 x 10^17 times as much gravity! And if the Earth were a black hole of the same mass, it would be smaller: about 0.8 cm in radius!
But in reality, the gravity at the event horizon is infinite; you will need infinite energy to escape. A black hole has a "gravitational attraction" of infinity at its event horizon. It's as simple as that, really.
Regarding A: In the case of a black hole as massive as a small asteroid (idk, 50,000 kg?), yeah, it would last an entire 0.005 seconds. But the black hole would be unimaginably small (only 7.4 x 10^-21 cm). A black hole 10 micrometers across (smaller than the width of a strand of hair) would last 5 x 10^40 years and weigh 3.4 x 10^21 kg.
Formulas used:
Newtonian surface gravity = GM/(r^2)
Schwarzschild radius = 2GM/(c^2)
Black hole lifetime = 5120(pi)(G^2)(M^3)/(1.8083(hbar)(c^4))
where:
M is mass of the object
r is radius of the object (or distance)
G is the gravitational constant (6.674 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2)
c is the speed of light (2.998 x 10^8 m/s)
pi is pi (3.1415...)
hbar is the reduced planck constant (1.055 x 10^-34 joule seconds)
@@CodepageNet Perhaps, but how does an incredibly small black hole get there in the first place? If it were rogue, it wouldn't have much to feed on during it'd presumably long journey to the centre of our planet.
Angels on the heads of pins.
Love these "what if" with some science baked in
Have you read Randall Munroe’s “What If?” books?
@@Onio_Saiyan haven't heard of them!
But the title is intriguing!
@@tonyholm77 they’re great fun!
"You can download Space Sim and smash planets together. That's a lot of fun too. I'm Scott Manley ... Fly Safe"
Yeah, not sending mixed messages there at all. ROFL
muppet
That's when I realized he was mad. 😂
Many years ago I read the Sci-Fi novel "Thrice Upon a Time" by James P. Hogan which involved this situation. Microscopic Black Holes eating the Earth. But instead of a Super Collider creating them. it was a Fusion power plant continuously zapping small fuel pellets with LOTS of energy to cause fusion. But the fusion, also turning each pellet into a Black Hole. I always enjoyed Hogan's early novels (the first 20 years).
There was a book in the mid-80s (looks like it got turned into a movie in 2005, as well) "The Krone Experiment" It revolves around a microscopic black hole and it's effects on earth.
This was actually a trilogy. In the third book, they devised a quite clever plan to expel the black hole from earth. This is one of my favorite books.
Lots of things revolve around black holes.
I'll see myself out now.
@@WJSchmitt Hmmm... sounds like I need to go find the sequels. I know (roughly) where on my shelf the original is.
@johnladuke6475 leave the money...
You beat me to it. But I did not know it was a trilogy.
Currently re-reading the Dreaming Void trilogy by Peter F. Hamilton, and this is what happens to Hanko when the Cat drops a Hawking M-Sink into the planet. Very cool to actually have it visualized!
I'd forgotten about that one
What a coincidence, I'm just starting this series for the first time!
What I came to the comments to find!
Brb, re reading the series now.
I lost my copy of the second book. Gotta go find a new copy
Crazy, I just read it again last week. You made the comment I was going to make
In the Hyperion Cantos book series the Earth is purportedly destroyed over the course of a few decades by a microscopic black hole that escapes from an energy research lab. I won't say any more than that because of spoilers but it is a really excellent series.
Was it manufactured in a Wuhan lab?
I'm glad to see someone representing Hyperion Cantos among all the other book mentions.
Literally scrolled the comments for 5 minutes to find someone mentioning Hyperion. Thank you 🙌
Scott your channel is so dope. You and Anton are some of the best with science comm to the masses and you realized you don’t have to dumb it down, while really you’re doing complex Astro physics and computer code to bring us this jazzy snazzy video. Very dope. Like I said.
Lovely stuff. Your science fiction and pop culture science dives are some of the most fun content.
Saves on therapy too.
Earth, by David Brin, has already been mentioned. Another book I recall reading back in the 80s is The Doomsday Effect by Thomas Wren. It posits what would happen if a micro black hole entered an orbit that was partially within the Earth, how it was detected, and ultimately captured. I think it's somewhat out of date because I think it predated the understanding that such a black hole would evaporate quickly.
I had to look up that book. The authors name was actually Thomas T. Thomas and it was written in 2011. It sounds very much like the plot of The Krone Experiment, by J. Craig Wheeler written in 1986.
@WJSchmitt it's from 1986, I read it in jr. high. Thomas Wren is a pen name Thomas Thurston used in some early works. Looks like it's been re-released under his proper name
'Forge Of God" by Greg Bear posits the destruction of the Earth by neutronium bullets (and other nastiness). Larry Niven "The Borderland of Sol" has a micro hole eating an asteroid. Both are very good.
There's a good Radiolab episode discussing the theory that the 1908 Tunguska event was actually a primoridal black hole, not an asteroid or comet.
Find the antipodal exit crater on the ground of the south Pacific to prove that.
@@benjaminhanke79 in the episode, they talked about that, likely exited through the ocean floor
@@benjaminhanke79 Couldn't it have just passed through the atmosphere, skimmed over the ground without touching, then left? I don't recall an impact crater.
Another excellent video from Scott!
The problem with many of these sims I've seen is that the assume the black hole is on a direct trajectory with the Earth's center of mass. Assume instead that the black hole is moving at roughly earth's orbital velocity and hits almost tangentally to the earth's circumference. That's the sim I'd like to see.
If the black hole is moving at the same orbital velocity as Earth, then it _will_ fall towards Earth's centre of mass.
To get it to skim the surface, it either has to have significant additional orbital velocity than Earth, or be in an eccentric orbit of the Earth with perigee below the radius of the surface.
[In the former case, because it will gain roughly 11km/s directly towards the centre of Earth (escape velocity, but in reverse, because Newton), so the orbital velocity has to be sufficient that the vector addition of the original velocity plus 11km/s towards the core still makes it skim the surface.]
@@1FatLittleMonkey I don't agree that _significant_ extra velocity is required. At orbital velocities, hitting a gravity source dead-on requires extreme accuracy. Under any reasonable circumstances, the trajectory will be off-center by some amount.
Just what I needed whilst eating me tea. Thanks Scott
Fascinating!
Thanks, Scott! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
I could swear there's a story about the Unorthodox Engineers using a black hole to mine tunnels, after their little venture using volcanos to construct a railway…
So cool !
Thanks for the video
Greetings from France
The new Foundation tv series also has a pretty awesome depiction of a black hole swallowing a planet
I love this kind of theoretical knowledge dump. It helps to understand the orbit calculations at the far extreme.
If you're interested in this sort of thing, the book "Gardeners of the Universe" has a premise which involves a micro black hole consuming earth.
Frankie Boyle rant to Dara o Briain about this was comic gold.
if had shot jets of matter when devoured by the red essence, Spock seeing it would be kinda more believable, ignoring the light speed limits and all.
The Captain LensFlair hadn't directed the movie, we might have gotten a good movie.
@@garrettkajmowicz Press X to doubt as Captain LensFlair produced and script was by Commander Hackman. It was never escaping that singularity.
Wouldn't your millimeter size black hole evaporate before it could consume enough matter to reach some sort of equilibrium? How big does a mini black hole have to be (both size and mass) to exist for any significant amount of time before evaporation by Hawking radiation wipes it out? There is a Kurtzgasagt video (What if there was a black hole in your pocket?) that talks a bit about this but doesn't answer my question.
Don't watch Kurtzgasagt videos, they are rife with math errors. They're garbage.
A black hole 1mm across would have a mass of about 10^23 kg, which gives it a lifetime of about 10^47 years. If proton decay exists (the science is still out on this), then that black hole will be around long after all other mass in the universe will have decayed into photons. It'll only be producing negligible amounts of Hawking radiation.
I'll add to that --- a black hole radiating at 100W will have a mass of 10^15 kg and a lifetime of 10^22 years. It'd make a really good long life light bulb (attaching it to the ceiling is left as an exercise for the reader. It would have the mass of a small asteroid, so might be survivable if you didn't get too close). Black holes are ridiculously long lived. (Numbers courtesy of 'Viktor T Toth hawking radiation calculator', if you want to play with it yourself.)
Wait, no. That 100W black hole is radiating X-rays, not visible light! Even a 1W black hole is producing ultraviolet. To radiate in the visible spectrum you'd need one with a mass of 10^19 kg and a lifetime of 10^41 years, and it'd produce so little light that you might be able to detect it with instruments, but not with the naked eye.
@@hjalfi Then you just need a lot of those small black holes :P
That was fun for us true science space nerds! This is a good test to see if you are a true science space nerd -- if you find this video interesting and the software used to create it fun to play with! Keep up the great content!
"The Hole Man" by Larry Niven -- a quantum black hole gets dropped into Mars
Yes! Nice one!
Up-thread* another poster mentioned "Forge of God" by Greg Bear, but I kept thinking I'd read a short-story involving very small BH, perhaps by Larry Niven.
I checked the Ho;e Man, first published in Analog in 1974, which I subscribed to in the 70s, so would have read it on publication. :)
* th-cam.com/video/pA-zkrCums0/w-d-xo.html&lc=UgyHsjzPk0IpYPQDDrl4AaABAg
If you can find it, "Thrice Upon A Time" by James P Hogan is an entertaining SF story about (among other things) mini black holes created in an accelerator.
Glad I checked to see if anyone else posted about Hogan’s book first. Great novel from one of the better “hard” SciFi authors (his books may contain “new physics” but always have an explanation to keep it consistent with current physics).
@@sszy59 Hogan is one of the more 'scientific' SF authors. I found his 'Giants' series really interesting because of the way he works a lot of detailed scientific reasoning and argument into the plot.
With a slightly better grasp of real physics than Star Trek, Larry Niven used a microscopic black hole in his Worlds series (either book 4 or 5). He also has an essay proposing 4 different ways to create one.
can you list the 4 different ways?
If I'm not mistaken, the short stories "The Hole Man" and "The Borderland of Sol" both dealt with the subject. I'm not sure, but I think the artificial world (and its demise) in "Protector" also is relevant.
@@maxluthor6800forward backwards Left to right
@@maxluthor6800 As @disorganizedorg says, the essay turned into the short story called "The Hole Man". For the Worlds story line, a primordial black hole is discovered and fed with 'neutronuim' to bulk it up a bit and then fed with engine plasma exhaust to provide it with a charge so as to be able to manipulate it.
The bad guy with the microscopic black hole does his research on a large asteroid and as you might expect comes to a sticky end when on losing control of the black hole it does to the asteroid the same as in Scott's animation.
@@disorganizedorg That was neutron star matter in a stasis field, though the protector does later collapse his enemies' gravity generator into a mini black hole.
Welding goggles??? You could have warned us this footage was emitting UV!
2:45 Black holes are so powerful, they can even warp imaginary orbit lines!
Scott, you may well be a tiny bit too smart for this world. Always love it when you go off on a tangent.
There was a Larry Niven short story "The Hole Man" from the late 60s where explorers on Mars found an alien device that used gravity to send out signals. There was a primordial black hole inside to create the waves/particles. The controls get messed with and the black hole falls through the surface. The narrator finishes the story by saying one day Mars will be gone and there will be a black hole in the solar system.
Great Job 👍
I'm glad the scientists at LHC did some thinking about this before hand. You know.. it's an important safety tip.
I would love a Starborn-power in Starfield which allows the creation of black holes! Now that would get me excited to playing NG+.
Right now, after playing for over 330 hours, I just loaded back to my savegame before entering the Unity, cause that universe has the most meaning to me and I want to stay in that universe.
If only the black hole was the biggest issue with Star Trek 2009... this was fun to watch though, thanks for another great video Scott!
Thanks Scott!
Thanks Scott.. something new to worry about .
man those simulation animations are just incredible. can you render one of those collision things, but spread out over 30min?
Nice graphics and sims, Scott. Thanks for the mental exercise. (Obviously, a man who has too much time on his hands.) (Sounds like a song title)
Reminds me of an old paperback sci-fi called "Thrice upon a Time" that I was never quite able to finish. It had time travel experiments creating micro-blackholes orbiting the Earth's core. I think it was set in Scotland.
David Brin (Sci-Fi author and astrophysicist) wrote a book where he did the math and calculated that super tiny black holes would evaporate (due to Hawking radiation) faster than they could accumulate more matter. Even if they were in the center of the Earth.
Depends on how tiny, 5 orders of magnitude smaller than the one used in this demonstration is where those factors begin to be significant.
A quantum black hole would likely evaporate, but definitely *not* by Hawking radiation. Quantum black holes cannot emit Hawking radiation, Hawking radiation requires black holes substantially more massive than the Planck scale.
I’m looking forward to Scott’s take on the Bennu asteroid sample material reveal by NASA yesterday!
Yes. Carbon, water means asteroids have everything needed to someday become self sustaining part of the economy, making their own air, water, rocket fuel, metal components, and food. Solar heat and electricity plus low escape gravity make it viable
@@douginorlando6260 I’m really excited and amazed that carbon and water are present. As far as I know, only living organisms, as part of the metabolic processes can fix carbon from the carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. This is a huge revelation!
A thing about small black holes is that they could emit a HUGE amount of Hawking radiation. It is then worth considering that such a massive amount of outflowing energy could prevent in-falling matter getting close enough to it to be absorbed, making it "semi-safe". Such a thing would indeed dump a huge amount of energy into an object it collided with and punch a hole in it, but the hole would be the result of matter being pushed away from it due to the Hawking radiation. If it didn't have enough momentum to escape, it would bounce around inside, pinballing and mashing up the interior, but not absorbing anything and eventually settle down at the core continually dumping its energy into the body until it evaporated. Still pretty much curtains for any life, but not for the planet it hit. Just a thought though, and I think the black-hole would have to be pretty small, likely smaller than the "asteroid mass" one in your video.
Also reminded me of the "World Engine" general Zod released on Earth in Superman, Man of Steel. Different goal, but the animation of Earth looked similar.
This is the first time I've ever heard about limits on angular momentum of black holes, I would love at least a basic explanation of what causes that limit! I have wondered more than once what would keep a black hole from rotating infinitely fast (given our current understanding of physics) considering as far as the math can tell us the actual matter of a black hole is compressed to a singularity and the event horizon is just space which we know can move faster than the speed of light.
The limit is pretty much capped by "the event horizon is where you'd have to go FTL to escape, so the BH 'matter' at the event horizon can't be going FTL".
In terms of the actual physical process that stops matter with the "wrong" angular momentum from coming in, there's a thing near rotating masses in relativity called "frame dragging". We tried to test it in the 2000s with "Gravity Probe B", two satellites with amazingly good gyroscopes. The gyroscopes weren't quite as good as hoped, but researchers claimed over the next few years, they were able to cancel out the noise and verify frame dragging matched the calculated value within a few percent. Regardless of whether you believe the precision of the result, (I do) the calculated value always lay exactly in the middle of the uncertainty band, so...
Frame dragging is extremely weak near normal things like Earth. Near a BH it's strong enough that it serves as a method of transferring angular momentum to and from incoming matter. Anything that would classically add angular momentum to a near-critical BH is traveling slower than its "surface", because of orbital mechanics, and gets frame-dragged into being spit out and carrying some of the BH's momentum with it instead.
@@HypoceeYT thank you for the very detailed reply, I love learning new things!
@@Trainwreck1123 Look up "The Final Parsec Problem."
@@HypoceeYT That limit cap explanation still doesn't make sense to me. I understand you're limited by the diameter of the event horizon, but there's no reason why the event horizon couldn't be elongated in the axis perpendicular to the spin. In fact, that's what Kerr BHs already do, they are not perfect spheres, right? So a faster spin would just squish the Event Horizon more and more, approaching a perfect flat disk, eventually possibly exposing the naked singularity.
@@D1ndo Sure, I hope I haven't positioned myself as some expert. I just did my best to pass on the "good enough" explanation I've built up from various writers making analogies, not an argument that's going to convince a skeptic. I'd actually forgotten, for example, that most BHs are expected to be near-extremal in angular momentum.
Buuuut, also, the EHs of Kerr BHs don't "squish" down like matter does as they spin faster. The EH gets bigger around the equator, but not shorter pole to pole; the volume is a strict superset of that of a nonrotating BH. Which is backwards from intuition by the way, I'd expect centrifugal force to _shrink_ the equator of the zone of no escape, but I don't think I've ever seen general relativity called "intuitive" and I can't do tensor calculus so I guess we roll with it.
More importantly, outside that extended EH in a Kerr BH you get the "ergosphere" (not sphere shaped, a toroidal belt), a region of space where the frame dragging I mentioned is strong enough that it's impossible to comove with the center of the BH - matter would have to be moving FTL "backwards" relative to the BH's mass to do so. Frame dragging is expressed by...the Kerr metric. It's the thing he was talking about. And the reason this is important in limiting the maximum angular momentum in a BH is its effect on a "marginal" parcel of matter or energy. If matter which would add angular momentum approaches a near-extremal BH, as it passes into the ergosphere there is no worldline which ends in the EH. It gets kicked back out instead. In fact it likely carries some of the BH's momentum (and mass!) away instead in the "Penrose process".
Thanks, great video as usual! Have you heard the theory that the 1908 Tunguska incident was caused by a PBH roughly the mass of an office building? Sorry I don't have a link.
This reminds me of an old sci-fi short story I once read, about how miniature suns were used in place of lightbulbs for lamps - one ends up absorbing too much matter and becomes a singularity, after which the scientists drop it and it sinks into Earth, spelling eventual and inevitable doom.
The version I remember is that one of these tiny suns, used for decoration or lighting, suddenly went ping and became this tiny black speck. The householder was curious and pocked it with a pencil which the black hole promptly sucked in. After some experimentation the householder used it for rubbish disposal. Gradually the hole became heavier till it overloaded the magnetic suspension and it dropped through the floor and into the Earth. The end!
In his novel 'Forge of God' Greg Bear has the earth destroyed by black holes injected by a hostile alien species. At the time I read it I thought the physics described were quite compelling. If they were accurate I can't say.
:)
Thanks, I knew I'd come across the idea in a novel, but couldn't remember the name or author.
They might have been accurate, or close to according to the understandings of the time.
I thought they weren't blackk holes but were like degenerate matter bombs or something? I'm probably wrong, it's been like 20 years since I read that book.
Not black holes.
[SPOILER]
A piece of neutronium (neutron star material) and a piece of antineutronium. They fall through the earth, orbiting the center of gravity and gradually coming closer, until they meet and annihilate in a gigantic explosion that blasts apart the earth.
@@captainchaos3667 Thanks, I stand corrected 😀 It's a long time since I read the book and memory is not always dependable at my age 😄
_Singularity_ by Bill DeSmedt puts a spin on the Jackson-Ryan Hypothesis (1908 Tunguska Event was a Primordial Black Hole (PBH) hitting the planet) by positing that the PBH was also a magnetic monopole. Rather than shooting straight through the planet & blasting out the other side near the Azores Islands like a PBH would have, DeSmedt's PBHMM ionizes the air it passes through, dragging anything with an opposite charge along with it, which slows it down below escape velocity. Basically it's been orbiting _inside_ the earth ever since, slowing down more & more as it gains more & more mass.
The Dreaming Void by Peter F Hamilton has something like this. Someone fires a “Hawking M-Sink” at a planet, which is basically a small artificial black hole. It takes a few days for catastrophic things to start happening on the surface of the planet, leaving plenty of time for an exciting getaway.
I listened to a radioLab episode where they were talking about the possibility of the tunguska event was an primordial blackhole that struck and went through Earth.
I would have though that such a small black hole would have evaporated long before it got to eat Earth? 😀
Even small black holes (by cosmological standards) have ridiculously long lifetimes. We're only about 10^10 years into the universe; a black hole with a radius of 1nm would have a lifetime of 10^29 years, or 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 times longer than the entire universe has lasted so far...
There is the novel 'Earth' by David Brin. It has the Tunguska explosion the site of a micro black hole entering the Earth as the main plot point of the book.
It is a really crazy book but has some novel and insane concepts in it.
You're making me think of how in Star Trek, some Romulan ships use microscopic black holes for power generation. It would be interesting to see a video on the plausibility of that sometime.
plausibility is zero for that one
Aren‘t Zero Point Modules in Stargate about the same ?
@@kawafahraNah, zero point modules extract vacuum energy from an artificial pocket universe, which is about equally plausible.
He did say something about it being efficient ways to turn mass into energy. Bloody dangerous though innit.
My first thought when I saw what was left of Earth in the accretion disk, "Ah finally, now the Earth actually is flat"
"Hole Man" by Larry Niven begins with, if I recall the phrasing correctly, "One day, Mars will be gone." Basically, an expedition to Mars discovers an alien device that wiggles a micro-black-hole to create gravitational waves for long-distance communication, and somebody pushes the wrong button.
Hi Scott!
Devour safe!
I believe the Star Trek magic equivalent is reversing the polarity of the deflector dish to generate a tachyon beam, possibly also something to do with subspace.
Decades ago as a child I read a sci-fi short story that was part of an anthology, that was about 2 children who each got a "grow a start at home" kit. They would feed the baby stars and get them to grow, though somehow they were supposed to max out at a small size so you could keep it in your bedroom. But one of the toy kits had a glitch, and the child kept adding more and more "food" into the star but it didn't get any bigger. Then at a certain point it turned into a black hole and started consuming everything... Would be fun to re-read it, but I have no idea who wrote it or what the anthology was
You should check out Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda (with Kevin Sorbo). They had a few episodes where the villains were armed with PSP (Point Singularity Projectile) guns. There may have been a planet or 2 that got shot by them. They would also slice through starships like a hot knife through butter.
people fail to understand that the black hole of any given mass has to have matter close enough to it to be affected by its gravitational field.
Exactly, it's not like they suck things in with a new force
It's fortunate such a black hole would explode and dissipate rather rapidly, and not due to Hawking radiation but to fierce competition with the nuclear strong force. It would unleash energies focused just around the event horizon of said black hole, mostly from decayed gluons, destabilizing the entire gravity field of the black hole, stretching the event horizon out, and the explosion would be epic. Truly epic. I'm speculating ofc.
There is a SF book by J Craig Wheeler called "The Krone Experiment" which is all about a small black hole orbiting through the Earth and the race against time to stop it. Good book.
01:38 Another small, planet-consuming black hole is featured in The Dreaming Void by Peter F. Hamilton. It's a weapon that is fired into a planet and consumes its mass over the course of two weeks, though by like day 2 the planet is uninhabitable.
The Tunguska Event is one that has been theorized of being caused by a asteroid mass black hole that continued through earth and kept going.
This is the plot of Singularity by Bill DeSmedt.
A super-spinning super-heated disk of debris is actually a much cooler aftermath than empty space.
Where did this asteroid field come from? I set the coordinates for Alderaan!
Wait, wrong franchise...
Wow! Wondered why it was so hot yesterday…
RadioLab recently (July) interviewed Matt O'Dowd (PBS Spacetime) and he theorises that the Tunguska event _could_ have been a mini black hole, but only because the equivalent maths equates, and not because anyone _actually_ thinks it may have been one.
It's a fun puff-piece. 👍😎🇦🇺
This is basically the plot of the 1990 sci-fi novel Earth, by David Brin. A New Zealander geophysicist figures out how to expel the little bugger
Just realized when you talked about the paired impact craters that that's just the subplot of the Startrek Enterprise episode 'Shuttle Pod One' where two of the crew actually have a micro- singularity punch a hole straight through their small ship
Hi Scott, nice video, in The Hole Man by Larry Niven the planet that was introduced to a black hole was Mars, mid 70’s science fiction but worth a read.
I grew up reading my dad's collection of books, which included many of Larry Niven's novels. I'm glad to see someone thought to mention him. I think of "The Hole Man" whenever someone discusses tiny black holes!
As I recall, Hawkins showed that a black hole was was microscopic could not exist for long due to Quantum Tunneling effects.
I wonder if there's an equation on the age of a movie to the need of a spoiler alert?! I think 14 years is safe! 😊
That was Interesting af :D
In the RPG milieu 'Shadow World' by Iron Crown there's a feature called The Pillar of the Gods which was a mountain caused by the exit of a microscopic black hole dragging matter behind it and falling back.
There is a French comic speaking about this, a "very dense" sort of black hole laser cut planet Earth in two... It's called Universal War 1
Always a pleasure.
5:30 there is actually an interesting sci-fi novel on this topic: "impact" by douglas preston.
I can't help but notice the black-blue-red-yellow visualization uses the exact colors as an Olympic archery target. Which makes this whole thing darkly hilarious to me.
Scott, great video as ever! Thanks for sharing! 🙂
A related scifi story i read went something like: Small micro suns were developed and became popular for use as decoration or lighting. One day one of these made a ping sound and became a tiny black speck. The householder was curious and poked it with a pencil, which the black hole promptly sucked in. After some experimentation the householder used it for general rubbish disposal. Gradually the hole became heavier till it overloaded the magnetic suspension and it dropped through the floor of it's container and into the Earth. The end! I've tried to imagine what would then happen for years.
Remember that Star Trek lore has as part of it's science and thing called sub-space. Red matter might shift the energy into sub-space. That's what I figure happens when someone is disintegrated by a phaser. Normally, disintegrating a human body would convert that body into energy creating a huge blast. BUT, if that energy is PHASED into sub-space (not too different from transporter technology) then the disintegration would be nice and neat.
super interesting - honestly makes me fee a little less worried, probably not going to be killed by a micro-blachole!
I love how many people are mentioning various sci-fi books that involved similar things. So I might as well mention Seveneves, by Neal Stephenson. The opening line is "The moon blew up without warning, and for no apparent reason." While the cause is never definitively determined, a leading theory was a collision by a tiny primordial black hole.
Sorry if I missed it, but does this assume that the errant black hole is matching Earth's current path around the sun? Like it basically falls into the same orbit and catches up with us or runs counter?
Hawking radiation gets out. And light gets out unless you are at or inside the event horizon.
Star Trek is mostly rotating shield harmonics and using tachyon particles to solve virtually every problem that arises.
In Dan Simmons' 'Hyperion' novels, the AI members of a science team working on a form of FTL wormhole technology "accidentally" cause their experimental singularity to breach its containment causing it to slowly (decades...maybe a century or two, I think) consume the Earth. I will not spoiler it by explaining the "accidentally" part but I did enjoy the novels.
Photons are smashed together inside the hole. That's why they stop gravitating after they fly out. But the extra mass gravitated to itself and forms the inverse. The inverse of positive energy density is vacuum, and the vacuum has it's variant in the aether sphere. They call it the quantum wave.
Meanwhile, in reality, a microscopic black hole would evaporate faster than it could consume anything. This is why CERN blew off concerns about the creation of microscopic black holes in the LHC.
What are the odds? Re-watching Star Trek just now... 😅
Wait a second..... that REALLY INTERESTING diagram at 5:20, and chance on doing a video on that????
Did you take into account the evaporation time? A tousand metric tons black hole would evaporate in seconds.
Evaporation time is less of a problem when the rate of evaporation is less than the accretion rate.
@@scottmanley"problem" 🤣
There was a 1999 movie called Doomwatch: Winter Angel, that dealt with a man made black hole being created by a large corporation to generate unlimited power by dumping nuclear waste in it. Well what could possibly go wrong, right? It was an entertaining movie. Worth the time to watch it. Made you think. Then there was a book by Greg Bear called The Forge of God. It was about how an alien race could destroy the earth totally and the method was simple and scary. They don’t use a black hole but something very close. One of the best end of the world books I’ve read.
Could you simulate the planet effects from the first Ratchet and Clank game, where the villain takes choice parts of planets to make his own, leaving the original planets to their fate
Absolutely smashing! 😂😮