6 Mini Scales That Create Maqam Music
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 16 เม.ย. 2015
- Learn 6 mini scales to get a grasp of Maqam Music.
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jins ajam 1:17
Nahawand aka Busalik 1:44
Kurd 2:07
Hijaz 2:32
Rast 2:55
Saba 3:25
extra:
jins Bayati 4:12
Segah 4:28
thank you for this, I took the frets off a guitar and am experimenting with various microtonal music
Thanks man.I appreciate it
I don't know why but seeing the names written down make it so much easier to get them into my head.
please can you explain the difference between the jins and the maqams? I am trying to understand
@@klisd sorry for the late response, jins are 4 notes and maqams are made of 2 jins combined, see 0:24 in the video
👁 💘
At last someone who can explain maqam music.
+Cristina Navazo-Eguia Newton Thank you!!
Could you please tell what is the tuning of your oud in this video?
@@MaxVatutin I’m late to the party but this Fa-Fa tuning. From the top low string to the bottom high string it is as follows: F-A-D-G-C-F
@@aakamil75751 i don't think we can tune. 1st string (the thinnest string )to F in Egyptian oud,(it's actually difficult to tune D it self)
Hijaz what American movies put with Arabic desert specially Egyptian pyramids😂
It is the most overused maqam by westerners when they describe middle eastern music. The true middle eastern scale is rast.
I thinks it's because it is impossible to play rast, bayati, sika etc in 12 Equal Temprament system.
Basically, a maqam is created by combining to ajnas. That makes so much sense! Thanks for explaining this clearly.
You're welcome. That's just the beginning. There are other subtle differences, like conventional modulations, and direction of melody, starting note and ending note, etc which add another level of complexity. Maqams can't be reduced to a one line definition but nevertheless you got it, that's the beginning.
@@OudforGuitarists Are all these habitual actually, please?
@@DirkArnez not sure what you mean? That they are often played?
@@OudforGuitarists I mean, is a maqam a combination of ajnas in which the connections are conventional?
Thank you very much for share this lesson. I'm a brazillian guitarist (Blues/Rock) but I'm love eastern music (but the people don't know about eastern music here in Brazil). We play using minor harmonic scale, but it's different (very different). I'm looking for information about eastern music for years, and now I finally understand (a little bit). Maqam, Mini Scales, it's open my mind now :D (sorry to my bad english, we don't speak english in Brasil).
Thank you
Where you kdnapped to Brazil?
@@rakanalhakim2443 What kind of comment is this?
@@mimovil8730 an investigation
@@rakanalhakim2443 I kidnapped him, what u gonna do about it?
@@mimovil8730 You Are Going To brazil
Thank you so much for taking the time to teach this. It's been so hard to find comprehensive instruction on traditional Middle Eastern scales! I write rock music, and usually people are like, "Just use the Phrygian Dominant scale," but the use of that scale really limits a guitarist with what they can do. I am really focusing on these traditional scales to incorporate them into my songwriting to create a very unique sound. Thank you again!
JTguitarlessons in that case google maqam Saba Zamzam, hijazkar, and awj-ara. these can be faked well on guitar even without the microtones.
This has been so helpful! You are a godsend. I have been doing a lot of research on maqam, but the more I learned the more confused I was. This really helped clear things up. Thanks!!
Wonderfully clear lesson. Many thanks!
Great illustration ! (y)
you are providing the best vids on internet for learning Oud so far.. thanks mate !
+Mahmoud Naguib Thanks!
Very interesting! As I am familiar with the classical western concept of musci theory your explanation was extremely helpful to gain better understanding for maqam music!
As I am preparing a music class about the use of different scales internationally this was a very useful complement! Thank you!
May you be abundantly blessed, dear. Thank you
I'm egyption, love that so much, i'm getting a new oud soon like tommorrow or sth, and i'm going to teach myself, so hopefully your videos will help me, thankyou brother
I have fallen in love with oud music and I would like to play it. I play guitar and a few other stringed instruments, and have been trying to copy the scales and makams on ukulele!
I'm a bass player, been thinking about buying an Oud a lot lately
very comprehensive basic start..well done!
Thanks so much for this lesson! You broke down note just maqams but quarter tones really well. I will be using this as a music educator, thanks so much!!
Big big big thanks!!! Thanks a million times. Subscribed! Love from India
Crystal clear explanation.
Sincere thanks.
u just got yourself a new subscriber. great lesson man. ive been always trying to play makams on guitar.
An excellent, clear explanation. Thanks very much!
Excellent, dude. Another name for the 3rd that is in between a major and a minor is a perfect 3rd. This is really helpful for my composing.
Seems like Kaba Dik Hisâr is only 1.31 cents away form the third in just intonation. Sounds quite perfect.
Or neutral 3rd
Keep going bro , all the love from Saudi Arabia ❤️
Stumbled upon the video. Gotta say I love the sound of maqam! Think I'm going to have more of a listen.
Thanks for listening
I have just started learning the oud, and i LOVE Maqam Hijaz. Hope I can play it some day. Great video!
+Muhammed Patel I've just started learning too and I like Hijaz too.
respect for this, amazing
Thank you for explaining the relationship to the western scales. This really helps!
you're welcome.
Hi Navid,
first of all, thank you for all these great videos!
I have some problem figuring out which tuning u are in. as far as i can see, the first note (C from ajam) you are playing on the 5th! string of the oud is this right? i have my oud tuned to CGADGC like you suggest in the oud tuning video, but there the C on the 5th string is way more up the neck then you play it here in this video. can you help me with this? thank u. chris
I'm from Northern Asia. It's so nice to learn Maqam music from you
Me: thinks of map of Asia and looks north of it
Nani? Russia??
I bought yesterday my Oud and i am beginning now to play it with this 6 Scales! If you have any tipps for after that, I will be happy to hear about them,
best regards
thanks, extremely helpful
Thank you for this
Thank you for this video, I like the explanation
Thanks this is great! 🙏
I didnt get the name of the year program that you mentioned. And is it suitable for singers too. If not, do you know of a GOOD Makam program for singers?
great job ...thanks a lot
Shukran
Thanx so much for this. I love this stuff. I’ve always had a craving for these sounds. I play them and don’t even have a system. I just get the feeling that I want to hear certain intervals and let it fly. I’m sure it’s from hearing this stuff but still, they always seemed most desirable even when I’m playing western music I just want to move into this.
Very cool.
Thank you so much...
You're most welcome
there was once a time I realized that
a Major scale in western music, could be like broken down into fragmented scales
like if you split the c scale in half at G, you would like get 2 fragmented major scales in a sense
considering the way that you think about and approach music in this tradition and way
It makes me very interested and I just want to learn more
thanks for explaining this
it seems to be just the tip of the ice berg in a way
I have to compose or record myself singing a scale of my choice for my music theory class, I'm unsure how to start. I chose Maqam Ajam. I am reading up on it on an article my teacher posted and it talks about Jins. Are the jins the type of scales in that family, in my case the Maqam Ajam family. And can I use them together as long as I use the scales correctly? If anyone can give me some advice I would be so greatful :). Thanks guys!
Great vid thnx
thanks for help, i bought a sadeghi santoor, it has 12 kharak , first string should start with C , they say is G scale, what tone should i use?
Thank you so very very much!!
You're very welcome!
Bravoooo!
thank u! i really didn't get it by reading about it but you did it very well understandable :)
Glad it helped!
THANK YOU. I've been reading books about maqam and I couldn't for the life of me grasp what they meant by "important intervals"... I understand now!
...Now, back to my bachelor :)
MiraPotter I'm glad. there is so much to learn. thanks.
Do you want to teach oud?
Do you want to teach oud?
thank you from Malaysia
tahu mana jual gambus2 used/murah? dok tengah cari ni 😊
perfect !
Your video is Gold... Amazing....please do it again with a better microphone... Its a waste that you can't be heard well...
When I talk to oud players, they often refer to a note using the do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti-do system. Does "do" change depending on what key you are in, or is it always the C note? Also, do you use this system when teaching the oud?
I use both systems depending on what my student is accustomed to. This is called the solfege system.
"Do" doesn't change often for Arabic and Persian players. Do is Do and corresponds to Western C. The exception is when the Oud is tuned down... then "do" might sound as low as B flat or B natural. So "do" refers to a position on the fingerboard.
For Turkish musicians however, "do" can change pitch a lot. Turkish notation style and convention is a whole other can of worms. It took me a long time to get used to it. The main benefit of the Turkish approach is that everyone is comfortable transposing on the spot if they have to play in a different key to accommodate an instrument or singer. However, string instruments might change the tuning of the open strings or only the bass strings to enable the optimal fingerings. Notation is more straightforward in that you can write one piece in a certain maqam and that can be used for all instruments regardless of key. For example, you will always see maqam Hijaz written with the same key signature and scale in Turkish pieces. And this applies to all maqams.
5:43 That's the C double harmonic scale!
I didn't know there was a term for this western music... The only difference would be that this doesn't use equal temperament.
My love for that scale and its modes is what led me here! It's exciting to be able to identify similarities/differences in the music of various cultures, as a non-music major. I always wondered why I liked classical music with Hungarian, Jewish, or Spanish elements. Turns out the Hungarian minor scale is derived from the double harmonic major scale, and the others use variations of the phrygian dominant scale with flattened second scale degrees. Harmonic intervals are my favorite, and it always disappointed me that they're not emphasized more in western music. Most research always took me to modal jazz :( I'm thankful to be able to learn about the maqam scales here in such an easy to learn format, as an English speaker!
Iirc some Arabs call it Double Hijaz
The Hejaz tetrachord is actually the upper half of the harmonic minor scale.
I've just been given a Glissentar, but already had a good Moroccan large six-course oud - just never really got to grips with the string tensions. Thanks to your videos I was able to play along on the oud to one or two more familiar patterns, and now I need to decide whether to stick with DADGBE (how I play guitar) on the Glissentar or use an oud tuning.
Do songs usually stick to one combination for the entirety of the song? Like for example most pop songs might be written in a particular mode.
In each maqam there is a lower jin and upper jin. The lower jin generally stays the same, but the upper jin (most often starting a 4th or 5th above the "tonic") can change. So in a performance of maqam rast, you might find the scales:
C D E- F G A B- c
C D E- F G Ab B c
C D E- F G Ab BB c
etc...
In essence, yes you can change between maqam (or sub-maqam), but there are certain pathways you have to follow. On the classical/orchestral side there are compositions with some pretty complex "modulations." On the modern/pop side, not so much.
@@karawethan Yes, this “path” is also called Sayir. Good explanation
Gracias de antemano !
What tuning are you using for the scales?
Arabic tuning CFADgc
Thank you
so similar to turkish music, turkish halk/sanat müzigi
H A you mean Kurdish
Great lesson! I understand much better from this. Thank you! Are there etudes to practice these?
oneperipatetic I guess I should write some.
Majnuun Music & Dance that would be wonderful!
What does hijaz stands from in western music?
Is only the Phrygian mode is in this type of scales? Are there other modes of scale that may have roots in mid Easter music?
In the modes of the harmonic minor, phrygian dominant is like hijaz and dorian #4 is like nikriz. But it's not like one has roots in the other but that both have shared roots.
I wish there was a good material such as this on clarinet.
Thanks for watching and commenting.
Hey, do you recommend any books (in English) that explain Arabic or Turkish music theory? Thanks!
I'm not sure actually. There is a decent guide book on Turkish makam that I use, but it has some peculiarities. It's called Turkish Music Makam Guide by Murat Aydemir. I recommend learning it and playing it in practice, and just trying to copy what others are doing melodically. My musical education was completely devoid of theory when I studied Persian music from a young age, and I learned the tradition completely fine. Theory was unnecessary. "Inside Arabic Music" is a good book that will acquaint you with Arabic music, but some of the maqam ideas presented in the book are novel and I think they take the concept of jins/ajnas a bit too far to a point that I don't agree with some parts.
What type of oud are you playing?
Dimitris Rapakousious Oud, Greek Maker. I think he has a link to the luthiers page in some of his videos and his website
There is a very good book out: "Makamlar: The Musical Scales of Turkey" very good written and easy to understand, even with the differences between arabic and turkish scales. I learned playing fretless guitar from that book.
You do great videos. At least videos not arabic, turkish speaking people can understand. I'll keep stealing licks :o)
Maurice LaCroix II. turks don’t sing maqam it is only for the Kurds and arabs
@OudforGuitarists what is the tuning of the oud in this video?
max vatutin low to high CFADgc
OudforGuitarists thanks for the answer. But I believe, that 5th string is A, 4th - D and 3rd - g. Isn’t it?
Do you have Magam pentatonic scales transfer on guitar fretboard
No I don't have any diagrams.
please tell me what strings do you use? I want to know, because I have them very light.
Buy these www.daddario.com/products/guitar/more-instruments/arabic-oud/ej95a-arabic-oud-strings/
@@OudforGuitarists
i want more hard tension
In hijaz tetrachord D flat is 4 commas and e is 1 comma flat (4 commas with an accidental). These are *not* the same sounds in a kurd tetrachord (Dflat 5 commas) or ajem tetracord (Natural e or five commas with an accidental).
Which tuning did you use in this video?
I always use CFADgc
On my quartertone electric, I think of almost all of this as: split the minor third in half in places where it occurs. (A half-way between minor/phrygian). E natural in the context of Saba would be called "F flat" in piano notation.
rrr00bb Yes, that's a good point.
what about maqam hijaz ? not hijaz kar ? i mean how to make maqam hijaz in one octave ? hopefully you can reply this comment because i'm doing research for maqam on my new composition now :) thank you
Diya Farhan Hey, if you know aeolian(not sure about the spelling), or natural minor scale, it's easy to convert. for example, A natural minor: A B C D E F G A. converting to Hijaz: A A# C# D E F G A. you simply sharpen the third note and flatten the second note... cheers!
thank you zhika
Sure thing. :)
i have a question - why did you say the jins bayati must start on D? Is it given a different name if you transpose the whole thing to start on C? (so it would be C, D half flat, E flat, F)
If jins Rast starts on C in "standard" tuning, you can derive jins bayati on the second degree which can be no other note than D. That might be what I meant. 80 percent of the time bayati is played on the 3rd course D. But yes, everything is transposable. Absolute pitch is fairly irrelevant in middle Eastern music. However, open strings are significant on stringed instruments and bayati usually starts on an open string.
@@OudforGuitarists Thank you! Makes perfect sense now. So jins Bayati is what i might call 'the 2nd mode of jins Rast'
@@joeyhardin5903 yes, that is one way of thinking about it in order to navigate it. But keep in mind also others may not describe it in that way.
is it tuned like a guitar ?
No
Can you do this on cello please? 😭 I want to learn
You can absolutely do this on cello.
If you want to discuss this, book a free consultation with me:
calendly.com/oud-lessons/consultation
Wow. If only we could get these for Asia Minor music played by Armenians, Greeks and Turks also called Turkish oud. But apparently, something as fundamental as where to play the tetrachord and pentachord for beginners that make up the makamlar is made complicated by never playing what we can read on sheet music, if we can read it at all.
I have a Syrian oud that is 59 cm. I tune it c, g,d,aF,C trad Arabic tuning. What strings do you use?
It depends on the Oud... I recommend experimenting with different string sets to see what sound and feel you like. But I have Aquila on one of my ouds, Daddario on another and la bella for high f tuning on another.
OudforGuitarists thanks for your reply. It is a Zeryab Oud from Syria. The strings are very slack in middle..I play mostly European lutes, Renaissance baroque. Is it usual to have low tension on an Oud? I have another Oud of lesser quality with the Aquila Arabic strings and sound great but are much heavier..
@@andrewmaginley5691 yes, most Arabic string sets are made for longer string length, like 60cm or 61.5 cm to my knowledge. So it could be you need a little higher for that oud. You can try pyramid strings, or kurschner made for 58.5 cm string length. Are you in the USA? If so check oudstrings.com and contact them if you need help. They have customized sets and can do something specific to your needs.
OudforGuitarists I am in the U.K. I have ordered a pyramid set to see what’s it like. I know Aquila well as I use them for lute strings( nylgut) and nylon loaded red strings. The Arabic oud set has a loaded third course. It is kind in the heavy side. Thank you very much I am really enjoying your videos!
One doubt brother, As in Indian music we have 10 Modes (Called as 'Thaat' in Hindustani Music) like 7 Modes of Western Music. So, Maqamat Arabic Music Modes? And Ajnas are derived scales from Maqamat like Major Pentatonic derived from Major scale? So, actually what is the difference between Maqamat and Ajnas?😊
In a nutshell, maqamat is what happens when the ajnas interact with each other. Ajnas are just a way of looking at the parts that build a maqam. Maqam and mode can be interchangeable terms sometimes.
I have three questions:
- when you add ajnaas to the first jins, the tone interval between the last note and the new one is always a fixed amount?;
- how many new ajnaas can you add in new tones (4 notes + 4 notes in a new tone + ...);
- in a maqam can you put different ajnaas (I mean, a sabaa + a bayatii + a second sabba + a nahawand. and so on..) or in a maqam the ajnaas are always from the same family?
Thanks for your videos, are really helpful.
Thanks for your questions.
1. usually the 4th note is the starting point of another jins, or a whole tone above the 4th note of the first jins.
2. I don't think there is a limit, but most instruments don't have more than 3 octaves. But it has to be done in a way that makes sense in the tradition. It's like a language, I can't string a bunch of grammatical structures together and expect it to make sense or be understood.
3. A family of maqams are generally grouped together because the first jins is the same. Some ajnas don't combine with in the same way as others do.
My suggestion for you at this point of your understanding is to listen to source material and compile examples for yourself so you can try to copy the source material.
What tuning are you using?
I usually use CFADgc
@@OudforGuitarists Thank you.
So... How do you make chords from these scales?
You never make chords, this music is melodic, not harmonic. The only chords that occur support and reiterate the tonal center of the mode, such as 1st degree, 4th degree, sometimes 3rd degree, and usually 5th.
@@OudforGuitarists Thank you
u didn't play The NAHAWAND good!
what does it mean Dq?
Did I write Dq? Usually I write Dqb for D quarter flat, and Db for D flat.
@@OudforGuitarists Thanks
Did he say quarter flat?
Microtones yes
@2:30
did you say, Gypsy Jazz?
i thought you said gypsy jazz
He said jins hijaz جنس حجاز
i tried to understand these scales and harmonics by simply just singing them… growing up with only "western music" i failed miserably.
It takes some practice and guidance but using your voice is the best way.
I'm English and I want to know where I learned to play East
mohamed maged Wow your English language is rocking. and your name is mohammed. omg
can you explain
Did you learn to play in the Arab countries oud
I'm Arab bro, and altough i'm surrounded by oud player, nobody taught me. I just buy it and learn it completely from internet, going to mikeoud.com (highly recommended for oud lover) for resources, train my ear by tuning without tuner, a LOT exercises, practice with song etc, until i can just play a song just by listen to it. It's been 8 months and this saturday night is my first real performance with audience. Now i bought and learn guitar, it's a lot harder.
love your videos with high quality oud and picture , please try to show tune names with (Do,Re,Me,etc) instead of American names
You are not in A-440 pitch r u.
Yes, I always make sure I tune to A-440 for my tutorials. I don't want to drive people crazy using different tunings.
What's maqam?
+Crystal_mega Bruh ,,, a maqam is a scale.
ohhhh sorry didnt know that
So it's not just notes and scales. It's also the patterns and which notes you make important. Cause I never heard anyone play like this in a major scale in Western music, not even by accident. Never thought the regular major scale was part of typical Arabic music.
Yes, sometimes a maqam can be very limited in its scope that it is limited to a particular melody. Some examples of this is maqam lami and jiharkah.
Can you translate to Indonesia language in the all your videos
I would love that. But that would take a long time. Do you know a program that speeds that up?
That's a very difficult request. Others might want him to translate to their own language too. The Brazilians, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, Arabic etc.
I think , proper english translation is enough. ( not the google auto english)
this man is so fine wow......wow
I made a video of the sheet music for these jins on my channel. anybody wants the sheet music or midi just comment
have me @quarter
at 6:12 you said A B you meant A A#
I haven't watched this video in a long time, but you're probably right.
thank you for your wonderful video. but we dont need to compare with Western music, why we always need to compare with what so called 'Western'.. every culture in this world is amazing! - and no more exoticism!
This audience was meant for people who know Western music. But yes in essence I agree with you.
Umm. How to spell all of these😂
@Hatem Raafat Thank you so much! This was what I was looking for!
Sikah not segah
And here is how to spell them in Arabic: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_maqam#Maqam_families
I read there that Ajam means Persians and I guess Kurd means Kurds. I would like to know the meaning of the other words.
Because he Arab
2:48 are you allowed to say that!? inshallah
I guess I can say whatever I want, but yes I got in trouble for this from a very passionate religious Jew! He was not impressed with my comparison. I told him, "I'm not even Jewish, why are you telling me this?".
It's a byproduct of growing up in hollywood blockbuster culture. These types of modes are always used in devilish scenes, or evil scenes. It's impossible not to make associations. Just watch Disney's Fantasia (the old one), and you'll see what I mean.
But for the record, there is nothing demonic about Hijaz. But who knows... it depends on who you talk to ;)
Daemon referred to inspirationa l or ones voice of concience or inspiration l,so daemonic would be fitting. I don't think gnostics or Greek heretics or heterodox Greek speaking mystics would be troubled by your use of daemonic.
Please use jintastic in a video at some point :-D
I find makam hicaz inspiring };-)
better say it do re mi rather c d e in my opinion
That's usually what I prefer especially when speaking Farsi, but very few English speaking audiences use solfege note names, they all use letters.
@@OudforGuitarists yeah i understood why, after i watched more your channel, brother.
@@OudforGuitarists by the way in which position is your left hand in this video? 1st or half position?
where are you from? are you arab?
Iran
Need to listen to explanation less difficult to understand... Think about the beginners...
Let me know if you have any questions. Happy to help.
it sounds like tool