Making Sulphuric acid (Easiest way)

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 ธ.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 161

  • @AnthonyHandcock
    @AnthonyHandcock 2 ปีที่แล้ว +138

    I don't know about the EU now that we here in the UK have committed economic suicide but 37% nitric acid is available here in hydroponic shops as 'Dutch Pro pH Down'. I was quite surprised when I bought some for my errr... Tomatoes... and discovered that's what it was. I was expecting phosphoric acid.

    • @JeffarryLounder
      @JeffarryLounder ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Is phosphoric acid useful for many reactions? I have quite a bit of the stuff and haven't yet found a use for it.

    • @AnthonyHandcock
      @AnthonyHandcock ปีที่แล้ว +15

      @@JeffarryLounder Other than growing 'tomatoes' I have only found one use. It makes quite an effective 'Rust Killer'.

    • @ANDRESMOTTA-dk3kn
      @ANDRESMOTTA-dk3kn ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Why do you think freedom is "economic suicide"?

    • @AnthonyHandcock
      @AnthonyHandcock ปีที่แล้ว +27

      @@ANDRESMOTTA-dk3kn Why do you think Brexit is freedom?

    • @ANDRESMOTTA-dk3kn
      @ANDRESMOTTA-dk3kn ปีที่แล้ว

      @@AnthonyHandcock because the E.U has become a dictatorship.

  • @panqueque445
    @panqueque445 ปีที่แล้ว +71

    EU: *bans sulphuric acid*
    Prussian Blue: "Hold my beer"

  • @kubapastok3695
    @kubapastok3695 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    This reaction is left-shifted so it would accour really slowly and with poor yield or wouldn't at all, witch is what happend, because there wasn't any copper oxalate percipitating out. U can calculate this knowing Pka values and also knowing that stronger acid reacts with stronger base producing weaker acid and weaker base.
    H2C2O4+CuSO4=CuC2O4+H2SO4
    1,27 -3 1,27 -3
    Strong Ph that you got was propably from concetrated oxalic acid, beacuse.. it is preaty strong carboxylic acid. And so this violent reaction with sodium bicarbonate, also characteristic for oxalic acid.
    Much better way to obtain sulfuric acid and also really cheap, is to thermaly decompose FeSO4 iron(II) sulphate(VI) and dissolve formed sulphur trioxide and dioxide in distilled water.
    2FeSO4=Fe2O3+SO2+SO3
    Thats how alchemist were making sulfuric acid back in the days.
    Anyway, good luck with your future experiments!

    • @NilaSpeaksLoudly
      @NilaSpeaksLoudly ปีที่แล้ว +1

      It was the low solubility of I slate salts that made it possible

  • @eicydee3212
    @eicydee3212 ปีที่แล้ว +75

    Interesting method, I never heard of this! May be convenient for small amounts.
    However, one can still buy 15% (or 14.9%) H2SO4 in the EU, often sold for lowering the pH in swimming pools. The issue is that it typically comes in at least 5 liter canisters.

    • @tobias_cz8719
      @tobias_cz8719 ปีที่แล้ว +22

      I don´t see the issue

    • @eicydee3212
      @eicydee3212 ปีที่แล้ว +16

      @@tobias_cz8719 As a hobby chemist, one may simply have no use for 5 liters of sulfuric acid in the lab, and the big canister may be in the way.
      There are also not many everyday/household uses for sulfuric acid where one can use up the 5 liters. The only thing that comes to my mind is: It sounds stupid, but H2SO4 is a marvelous toilet bowl cleaner, and since there are professional grade drain cleaners with >90% H2SO4, this must be OKish for the plumbing and the environment. But don't overdo it, about 50 ml of the 15% acid are enough. I don't see many other uses.
      This is in contrast to e.g. hydrogen peroxide. I bought a 2.5 liter canister of 11.9% H2O2 (highest concentration available to the general public in the EU) mainly to get rid of a large coffee stain on a carpet. It worked perfectly for this, but I had more then 2 liters leftover. I started putting some into the washing machine and love it, gives the machine and the laundry it a nice clean and fresh smell. And when it was empty, I bought the next canister just for the laundry.

    • @tobias_cz8719
      @tobias_cz8719 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      @@eicydee3212 Yeah the reply was meant as a joke. However I would love to get a 5 litre jug since my supply is currently not existing...

    • @kaboom4679
      @kaboom4679 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Find a few like minded friends and split the cost and time distilling to the azeotrope .
      Everyone gets an equal share of the product and nobody ends up having to store a ridiculously large amount .

    • @mnxs
      @mnxs 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      ​@@eicydee3212for a lot of chemistry things, it's desirable to have the higher concentration stuff, and it's also just more convenient to have a lesser amount of a higher concentration in terms of storage. Thus you distill it down and end up with less than a liter.

  • @shintokatana17
    @shintokatana17 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    4:04
    Which is also illegal in the EU but for some reason in poland you can still buy 96% H2SO4 drain cleaner

    • @JoakimfromAnka
      @JoakimfromAnka 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      What's it called?

    • @IntexCrocodile
      @IntexCrocodile 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I'm also wondering

    • @Houdini192
      @Houdini192 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      rurex pro 96%sulfuric acid (VI)
      @@JoakimfromAnka

    • @lagrangiankid378
      @lagrangiankid378 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      In all of the EU*, but luckily in Poland no one has ever heard of the european union and they simply don't know it is illegal.

    • @shintokatana17
      @shintokatana17 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@lagrangiankid378
      Yeah you are right. Europe ≠ EU

  • @Exotic_Chem_Lab
    @Exotic_Chem_Lab 2 ปีที่แล้ว +27

    A better way is to electrolyse copper sulphate using lead metal anode and copper cathode. This route wastes precious nitric acid and not efficient at all

    • @polishnope5609
      @polishnope5609 2 ปีที่แล้ว +20

      you dont need to make oxalic acid you can just buy it since its common and cheap in my country it's around 5$ per kilo but if you have access to sulfuric acid drain cleaner theres no point in making it from oxalic acid and copper sulph. you can also take battery acid and boil off the water and you will be left with concentrated sulfuric acid.Copper sulphate electrolyse isnt efficent you need a power supply you need to have an lead dioxide anode and need to wait for very long time to make small amount of the sulfuric acid

    • @Exotic_Chem_Lab
      @Exotic_Chem_Lab 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@polishnope5609 you don't need lead dioxide electrode. Just use lead metal and the speed of acid production by electrolysis depends on how much current you give to the cell. You should not care about cell electrical efficiency in this case. It's also the cleanest method if you don't have Sulphuric acid available like in Europe.

    • @Prussian_Blue
      @Prussian_Blue  2 ปีที่แล้ว +30

      bruh you can buy oxalic and copper sulph do the reaction, distill it concentrate it its way faster and can be done better on bigger scale, i used nitric because i didnt have oxalic on me rn

  • @derekofalltrades5494
    @derekofalltrades5494 ปีที่แล้ว +37

    Every single video like this is:" you just need simple household materials. Sugar (me: got it!), distilled water (me: got it as well!), the horn of a manatee (me: well fuck me)"

    • @ElementalAer
      @ElementalAer 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      From the three most used acids, nitric is the worst one. HCl is used as a stone cleaner (muriatic acid), sulfuric is a drain cleaner and battery acid refill, now nitric... Just used in some cases of gardening or jewelry cleaning. But you just need the oxalic acid, the nitric was a demonstration on how to make oxalic from sugar.

  • @jbone877
    @jbone877 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    You can also electrolyse epsom salts, which is a cheaper source of sulfur than copper sulfate

    • @NilaSpeaksLoudly
      @NilaSpeaksLoudly ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Do you know if the oxalic acid can be made with hydrochloric acid?

    • @TazwaarAhmed09
      @TazwaarAhmed09 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      ​@@NilaSpeaksLoudlynope, you NEED nitric acid, it literally cuts up the sugar molecules until oxalic acid.. you cant do that with HCl but you can make HCl from oxalic acid

    • @TazwaarAhmed09
      @TazwaarAhmed09 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      how?

  • @SuperAngelofglory
    @SuperAngelofglory ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Battery acid grade H2SO4 (32% by weight) still available here (Romania). Also HCl (32%)and even 69 % HNO3 (sold as lime scake remiver for aluminium pipes)

  • @NinjaMelon21
    @NinjaMelon21 8 วันที่ผ่านมา +1

    If u have nitric acid why not simply add sulphur to it for making sulphuric acid bruh

  • @kevinhumphrey4072
    @kevinhumphrey4072 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Probably the most interesting method iv ever seen. Had no clue this would work.

  • @JGHFunRun
    @JGHFunRun 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Why are some of the clips blurred but others not?

    • @karolus28
      @karolus28 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

      his face was visible in the reflection probably

  • @ricardoludwig4787
    @ricardoludwig4787 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    I really appreciate these videos because if people will be making these dangerous chemicals either way, they might as well do it in the way that puts themselves and the people around them in the least amount of risk

    • @lagrangiankid378
      @lagrangiankid378 ปีที่แล้ว

      People would not have to make them if we didn't illegalize the sale in the first place. What government sane in their right mind thinks that people are not responsible enough to handle 98% sulfuric acid yet they are responsibe enough to DISTILL it?!?! This regulation is just insane.

  • @wijpke
    @wijpke 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Sulphuric acid is battery acid you can buy in any car supply shop

  • @neffix6976
    @neffix6976 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    So if you re struggling to find legal acid....
    Magic mushrooms also do the trick

  • @NilaSpeaksLoudly
    @NilaSpeaksLoudly ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Can you use magnesium sulfate? Or sodium sulfate?

  • @chanheosican6636
    @chanheosican6636 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Glad here in Canada many chemicals like phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid are available. They are not cheap tho.

  • @psykos721
    @psykos721 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks totally searched this for my chemistry exam 😊

  • @sydneyhunt6681
    @sydneyhunt6681 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Can you get the led out of battery acid ????????

    • @akirasantos5187
      @akirasantos5187 ปีที่แล้ว

      I think there's no lead in battery acid, only sulfuric acid

    • @sydneyhunt6681
      @sydneyhunt6681 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@akirasantos5187 led gets in the water and acid in battery's I believe

    • @akirasantos5187
      @akirasantos5187 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@sydneyhunt6681 oh, I thought from a bnew battery acid. I think diluting it will make the lead oxide precipitate

    • @lagrangiankid378
      @lagrangiankid378 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Just distill, any lead salt impurity is non volatile and will be left behind

  • @NilaSpeaksLoudly
    @NilaSpeaksLoudly ปีที่แล้ว

    To make oxalic acid can you use hydrochloric acid?

  • @caramida9
    @caramida9 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Can't really do this in the UK. Oxalic acid over 10% is a regulated poison and can't be purchased if you don't have an EPP license.

    • @modusmogu
      @modusmogu 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Regulated poison!? 😭 That sounds so goofy, UK law moment. Anyways Finland's not much better, here we cant get anything fun either lol

    • @bitonic589
      @bitonic589 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Just distill it

  • @tonyflamingo3285
    @tonyflamingo3285 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I just buy battery acid. It is 37 percent H2SO4 do you not have accest to it? I live in eu as well so I would think you have.

    • @Prussian_Blue
      @Prussian_Blue  2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      its for people who dont have

    • @tonyflamingo3285
      @tonyflamingo3285 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Prussian_Blue But do you have acces to it ai was curious. It is also so cheap a liter bottle is 5.50 euro.

    • @Prussian_Blue
      @Prussian_Blue  2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      @@tonyflamingo3285 heh in my country we have it for 4$ as 96% pure drain cleaner 👍

    • @tonyflamingo3285
      @tonyflamingo3285 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Prussian_Blue Nice but does it have additives?

    • @Prussian_Blue
      @Prussian_Blue  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@tonyflamingo3285 nah, its pure

  • @derpanther-ingenieur8460
    @derpanther-ingenieur8460 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    what site did you show for the materials?

  • @modusmogu
    @modusmogu 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Lol this videos comment section is a hidden gem of finding amateur reagents in europe (even better than what i found on sciencemadness lol). Good video aswell 👍

  • @ЖельоДенев
    @ЖельоДенев 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    can the SO3 turn into SO3 just by SO2 contacting the air

  • @roach4026
    @roach4026 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Can anyone explain to me how the distillation process would work. How do I go from a hodge-podge of copper sulfate, oxilaic acid, sulfuric acid and copper oxilate to just sulfuric acid? I understand the copper oxilate is a precipitate but how do you remove the other aqueous elements?

  • @savedemperor8024
    @savedemperor8024 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What happened to the nitro vid? It got taken down?

  • @aerobiesizer3968
    @aerobiesizer3968 ปีที่แล้ว

    What's the website shown at 0:52?

  • @maciej4250
    @maciej4250 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Cool now I can make some high-performance molotovs!

  • @stonkshell8043
    @stonkshell8043 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sir please how to make LABS, Lauryl Alkhyl Benzena Sulfonate.

  • @mareksb
    @mareksb 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    i can still buy 93% sulphuric acid at hardware stores here in latvia

    • @jekabssluke1043
      @jekabssluke1043 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Kur?! :D

    • @mareksb
      @mareksb 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@jekabssluke1043 Māja-L jūrmalā nez kapēc vēl joprojām ir

  • @adriendeseck-herce2153
    @adriendeseck-herce2153 ปีที่แล้ว

    what is that internet site

  • @aatrox5559
    @aatrox5559 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Hej, po co ta beznadziejna cenzura? a po za tym to świetny film i doceniam, pozdro :))

  • @neffix6976
    @neffix6976 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Whats that webside (3 bucks for 1kg CuSO4 wtf)

  • @psykos721
    @psykos721 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I live in Malaysia and they sell 90 percent nitric acid for drain cleaning ❤

  • @Kamall_Yahya
    @Kamall_Yahya 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    .can those desolve body??😊

  • @matze1389
    @matze1389 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    4:20 ... thank your for the video. in my country i cant buy conc sulfuric acid above 15%. so i will buy 1L of 15% and boil of the water AND i will try your method to calculate which one is cheaper. i think your coppersulfate/oxalic acid is more cost efficient tho

    • @gordontate2274
      @gordontate2274 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      try heating ferrous sulphate to decomposition and condensing the vapours Do this in iron or steel flask and use lead pipes in the condenser. Product is super concentrated as it containes SO3 in excess residue is inocuous Fe2 O 3

    • @vitox_pvp6368
      @vitox_pvp6368 หลายเดือนก่อน

      i dont think its cheaper bro it makes low concentrated sulfuric acid buying 15% and just boiling it is better

    • @matze1389
      @matze1389 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@gordontate2274 i will never work with SO2 and SO3 at home ever again. I wanted to make H2SO4 from burning sulfur -> into SO2 -> through H2O2. I came in contact with too much SO2 and went almost to hospital

  • @charleswetzel1250
    @charleswetzel1250 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Man, I come here to learn how to make lead-acid batteries and immediately get put on another government list.
    I just want to make a power wall, not learn how to detonate my hand.

  • @afm4807
    @afm4807 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Good ❤👏👍

  • @nikoivan2580
    @nikoivan2580 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    *Nitric Acid is banned and can't buy it anywhere*
    PrussianBlue:"Let's make banned sulfuric acid with nitric acid that is also banned and unavaible for consumers..."

    • @5aaaaa6aaaaaa48
      @5aaaaa6aaaaaa48 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Bro just buy oxalic acid nitric acid is not needed

  • @sebapls3380
    @sebapls3380 ปีที่แล้ว

    why is the blur on the beaker ?

    • @davidestabrook5367
      @davidestabrook5367 ปีที่แล้ว

      I think it's either water condensing on the beaker, or water condensing on the camera lens.
      If your camera is in a cooler place, then you move it to an area with high humidity, like the atmosphere in a room with an uncovered beaker with boiling water, then the water in the air will condense on cooler surfaces, such as a cool camera lens.

    • @GRBtutorials
      @GRBtutorials ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@davidestabrook5367No, it’s clearly edited. I think it’s to censor the reflection, most likely because his face is showing.

    • @davidestabrook5367
      @davidestabrook5367 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@GRBtutorials That makes sense too. I'm more skilled at chemistry then recognising edited photos. I'll defer to your judgement there. But I'm curious about how you can tell it's edited?
      I have seen my reflection, when I took a photo of my new cooking pan, which showed that I was not wearing pants. So I've seen that reflections in photos can be problematic. I just don't know how to edit a photo to intensionally add blur.

  • @melancholiamusic2799
    @melancholiamusic2799 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Guys would citric acid work, why is oxalic acid necessary?

  • @piot4o_sho4ts
    @piot4o_sho4ts ปีที่แล้ว

    Ty jesteś z Polski?

  • @springbloom5940
    @springbloom5940 ปีที่แล้ว

    So 5 or 6 times the price of a bottle of drain cleaner

  • @xpndblhero5170
    @xpndblhero5170 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Video length: 4:20.... Nice. 😁

  • @guillaume7645
    @guillaume7645 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love u.
    (A little french chimist)

  • @chrisfrench6188
    @chrisfrench6188 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I’m trying to make my own HCl from scratch and keep going down a rabbit hole of “I don’t have that how can I make that” 😂😂

    • @bitonic589
      @bitonic589 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Table salt and water is all u need

    • @vitox_pvp6368
      @vitox_pvp6368 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@bitonic589 how does this makes hcl

    • @bitonic589
      @bitonic589 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@vitox_pvp6368 dissolve tablesalt in water, about 1g for every 3mL
      set up two electrodes, marking anode and cathode, and put both in the water. Connect cathode to negative side of a power source, and anode to the positive side. Above the cathode, you will get hydrogen gas, and by the anode, you will get chlorine gas. Take the chlorine gas out, pressurize it until it's a liquid (this requires about 7.5 bar or 109 PSI), and mix it with some water in a 1:1 ratio by weight. Wait for a while for it to react, and by the time it is complete, you should have a clear liquid, HCl. To make hydrobromic acid you can use sodium bromide instead

    • @vitox_pvp6368
      @vitox_pvp6368 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @ Wow sounds better to just buy it lmao

  • @BoomForY
    @BoomForY ปีที่แล้ว

    ar u from germany

  • @DragonNetYT
    @DragonNetYT 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you so much I find sulfuric acid to be a wonderful beverage however it whenever I drink it causes everything in my body to feel likes it burning but still tastes great highly recommend

  • @2kadrenojunkie
    @2kadrenojunkie ปีที่แล้ว +1

    just pyrolyse car tires, hydrogen sulfide is produced which when oxidized(burned) turns into sulfur dioxide or some shit then just bubble that through water. if you add a condenser before the burn chamber you could potentially get a bunch of feul oil too. make sure to put some copper piping or wool after the burn/bubble chambers to catch any unburnt hydrogen sulfide and turn it into copper sulfate. check the walls of pyrolysis chamber every time due to h2s corrosion. unless you use something like glass or a superalloy like inconel it will degrade pretty quick. centifugal compressors seem to work well enough for me but a multistage axial may be more efficient. the reason this isn't the primary method for car tire disposal is because of how dangerous it is, but ive seen you do worse on your channel.

  • @andraskis6890
    @andraskis6890 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello! I just did this, and my copper oxalate participated out of the solution, but when I run through it a coffee filter it stays in the solution and I cant get it out. Anyone has any tips?

    • @Prussian_Blue
      @Prussian_Blue  ปีที่แล้ว

      distillation

    • @andraskis6890
      @andraskis6890 ปีที่แล้ว

      I dont have a distillation setup@@Prussian_Blue

  • @shawnio
    @shawnio ปีที่แล้ว +1

    did you enjoy breathing all those fumes lol I like how you didn't use a glove, you much of regretted that

    • @youngcuzzoproductions
      @youngcuzzoproductions ปีที่แล้ว +4

      u dont use gloves when handling fuming nitric acid

    • @lagrangiankid378
      @lagrangiankid378 ปีที่แล้ว

      ​@@youngcuzzoproductionsor use appropriate gloves (as butyl rubber).

    • @lagrangiankid378
      @lagrangiankid378 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Yeah, fuming nitric acid puts nitrile and latex gloves on fire in a few seconds, don't use these gloves when handling concentrated nitric acid. It's better to be bare handed, really.

  • @SaltAndAluminum
    @SaltAndAluminum 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Bro really made oxalic acid with nitric acid which you make with sulphuric acid🤦

    • @Prussian_Blue
      @Prussian_Blue  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      the cycle of life.

  • @adrianpolenok
    @adrianpolenok ปีที่แล้ว

    2:50 bro has indeed made blue meth💀

  • @toxindicator
    @toxindicator 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Some people make tatp with this stuff which is an explosive imagine making this stuff if you didnt have any battery acid and inhaling the fumes ☠️

  • @Hai-l2e9i
    @Hai-l2e9i 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I'm going to make mustard gas now

  • @trippdawg3337
    @trippdawg3337 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Just buy draino done

  • @Not_Evil_
    @Not_Evil_ ปีที่แล้ว

    Just order a 38% concentration to your company lol

  • @ihatecath
    @ihatecath ปีที่แล้ว

    o i ruvv doing this evry satuwday nightr!

  • @unwantedtemptation
    @unwantedtemptation 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

  • @vrplayer5379
    @vrplayer5379 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    *incorrect buzzer* your wrong! Sulfuric acid!!!

  • @6150RE
    @6150RE ปีที่แล้ว

    the electrolysis method is way easier

  • @williamfox8795
    @williamfox8795 5 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Dear friend, as a suggestion, please speak much slower, as you are hard to understand.
    You don’t need to be in a hurry to explain your experiment.
    Thanks & best regards…

  • @georgiaangeliquemereu3946
    @georgiaangeliquemereu3946 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hello, dear sir.
    I don't know your name or even your origin, but it's clear to me that your spoken English has a somewhat frenetic and incomprehensible inflection.
    This will most likely be due to the fact that you speak too quickly without adequately pronouncing a single word, thus risking biting off more than you can chew.
    You should realize that the topic you are dealing with requires absolute clarity and precision as it could compromise the physical safety of some mentally labile element of your audience who is not always aware of the dangers of this type of chemistry, especially if it is presented in a confusing or unclear.
    Therefore, I kindly urge you to speak slowly, enunciating the words and sentences of the concepts you want to explain.
    Thank you very much, with my best regards.
    Dr. G. A. Mereu Lyczkowska