I believe electronics sold in Japan are required to only support their 100 volts AC mains power, and to not officially support other voltages, to discourage them from being exported and sold overseas. Of course this is often just a formality, and many JDM items either can easily be modified to operate on different voltages, or are actually multi-voltage capable, but don't advertise it.
i imported many cams from japan , sharp twincams , sony handycams etc , all their power supplys supported 100-220v (90s eu standard , changed to 240 today) they work absolutely fine
I have imported quite a lot of electronic equipment from Japan to here in NZ where our mains is 230 volts. 'JDM' (Japanese Domestic Market) equipment always states on the plate that it is 100 volts, even on the units that are capable of running at higher voltages. I suspect they do this because the JDM stuff was never designated to be sold or used anywhere but Japan, so there's no need to advertise the fact it will work at any voltage other than 100 volts. Probably 2/3 of the gear I have imported was strictly 100 volts only, and I have had to convert those to 230 volts by changing out the internal mains transformer. On some units I have got lucky and the internal transformer has multiple primary windings so is easy to change to 230 V. As for the SONY Digi-BETA, I have worked with a few of them over the years, but all of them have been PAL units and had the 100 - 240 volt plates on the rear.
Sony Betacam DNW-A45 sometimes had the same issue. The Sony DVW-A500 (NTSC) was well know for accepting power requirements of AC 90V to 265V (48Hz to 64Hz) even if the input was only 100V (AC) due to the higher serial numbers back then (Anything Higher than serial code 11944). The power consumption was 300VA (240W). Sony may have made a error by not mentioning the 240V (AC) acceptance next to the 100V (AC) input on the manufactured label. The unit should be fine to run on 240V (AC).
18:00 Actually the acceptable "normal" voltage for Europe is 230V -6%/+10% (216V to 253V) So up to 253V is considered normal and every power supply should tolerate that. 253V in still considered in spec.
Part of the 100V marking on non PAL machines was probably part of the marketing/sales separation of PAL and NTSC markets to maintain price differences. In addtion there were 3rd party kits to convert 480i DVV-A500 machines to 576i with some component changes and there may have also been full switchable mods. I vaguely remmember Sony cracking down on buying the Sony spares for the 3rd party conversion kits.
Where I was working there used to be a drawer full of feet removed from various Sony Digi-Beta, BetaSP and DAT recorders, no idea what happened to them when the place shut down and everything was cleared out, I doubt they were returned back to the decks they originally came from.
My mains voltage often hits 250V here (yes, I'm sad enough to log it and graph it!) typically overnight in the early hours of the morning. One of our labs in work hovers around 252V nearly all the time, and it causes problems with UPS units cutting in with their factory default thresholds because they sense an excessive input voltage.
When i attended the digi beta course in Melbourne back in the early 90's the trainer said that the power supply for all digis was capable of 110 and 240v operation.
I found something similar with panasonic DVD recorder from the EZ series that I imported from the UK to the USA - Was marked 220V only while US models are marked 110V only. I thought I'd have to use a step up transformer with it, but turns out it worked on the lower voltage just fine. I did compare power supplies between similar models and US ones have a larger main higher capacitance and a slightly lower voltage rating (350V/100uf in USA vs 400V/47uf on the UK model), presumably because they have to "switch" twice as often to get the same outputs when using the lower voltage . I basically just increased the capacitance of that main cap and I'm pretty sure it is otherwise similar now other than possibly should have higher amperage mosfets. Apparently the control circuit that handles the switching doesn't mind the higher input voltage and that's probably why yours hasn't blown up. But agree, universal supplies would have been nice and probably would have added something like $1 in cost to have both voltages fully supported. A lot of the internal transformers also will have a midpoint tap that you can use so that you can use two different input AC voltages to get the same output voltages. I didn't mess with that on my supply since it worked, but could be something to consider if you run across something else that will not work on 220V.
Of course there's also the possibility of running 240 V dedicated circuits in the US, every house has a split-phase 120/240 supply and US 240 +/- 5% is well within the limits of European 230 +/- 10%. Admittedly it's a bit of a faff but could come in handy sometimes. The most common choice of plugs would be the NEMA 6-15 but I don't think there's any legal requirement to use them, you could use UK or EU sockets and plugs.
Yeah, someone I know from a Facebook group learned that the hard way creating a short in his lovely Grundig reel-to-reel tape recorder, I think it was a TK46 valve model.
Most switched mode power supplies are universal even if they don't say that on the back, as an experiment, I have a 220V/110V stepdown transformer ant every 230V TV here in the house runs happily at 110V including CRTs, even though the back only says 230V. The first CRT I tried with a transformer was a 29" Samsung TV, it said 230V on the back but on the manual it said the power supply worked between 90 and 260V, and sure enough it worked fine at 110V though it was weird to hear the degausing coil taking longer to switch off.
Would I be a million miles away at guessing it could be because it was built for an Outside Broadcast truck that would go from one country to another on the regular? Like one used for F1 or other kinds of international sport, for example?
@@RWL2012 No. I live in New Zealand and our mains is 230 volts. That is the "standard supplied value". The actual voltage measured at any hotpoint can vary and the allowable tolerance is +/- 6 % of standard. I am in a number of motorhome and caravan forums and I regularly see people saying that their caravan etc is set up for 240 volts. It baffles me. We have NEVER had 240 volts here, it has been 230 ever since mains reticulation was provided early last century. Where are people getting 240 from?
@@Matt_Quinn-Personal_Account If the supply frequently exceeds 230 V +10% I'd complain. Anything up to 253 V is acceptable but more isn't. I'm not sure about the UK but most of Europe eventually settled on 230 +/-10, with an transitional phase of 230 -10/+6 to make sure old 220 V equipment wouldn't be damaged. The assumption seems to have been that by the time the tolerance band was widened to +10% all older equipment would have been discarded. Mains voltage is usually higher in rural areas than in city centres to compensate for voltage drop under load. Long lines, particularly 230 V ones (as opposed to 10 kV+) have considerable voltage drop under load, so to make sure the actual voltage remains within the limits under full load, the suppliers crank the idle voltage up as far as they can. In densely populated areas transformers are larger and cable runs usually much shorter, so the actual line voltage tends to be much more stable throughout the day.
PS. The frequency is much more stable. That seems ultra reliable, and that makes much more sense since we are talking about giant rotating machinery and not having losses affecting it etc. Clocks, timebases and your Linn LP12 turntable all relied on a constant 50hz.@@Matt_Quinn-Personal_Account
I feel sure that if the power supply was 100V only it would not run for very long on 240V before something let go! Perhaps the supply was indeed swapped for a PAL one. Often someone would put a warning label on the machine if it was 100V only.
Oddly i didn't think about switch mode power supplies, i was a bit confused. When you showed the box with a fan i felt like a right pillock lol. Most laptop chargers have a 100 to 240v input i have Repaired loads but Never looked close. Perhaps the original psu was for 110 volts for japan, then there was a need to also use the machines over seas, so a new psu was made for any country, just One psu.
Isn't this the main difference between linear and switching power supplies, ? with computers and most consumer vcr's have/had switching power sopplies, the voltage range is good for USA/Japan NTSC and Europe PAL mains, 50/60Hz also. The DC output will be the same for both cases, and the mains frequency is not used for the electronics, or are there any AC motors used in these pro machines ?
The power connector plug at at 3:32 appears to be a common computer power connector that was used on US Computers. Perhaps it is indeed a US/Japan plug?
That's an IEC C14 connector that's used for voltages between 100 and 240 V all over the world. Every single desktop/tower PC (except for very large ones that draw more than 10 amps at 100 V) has this connector.
The parts and documentation that you're showing in the video would not have been enough to convince me that the power supply is officially 240V capable. I know that lots of times, manufacturers use the same parts in different power supplies. Here in the USA it's quite common to see 250V fuses and 450V filter caps in power supplies that are intended for 120V. I would have taken the power supply out of your PAL recorder and compared more parts to convince myself that it would be safe to use it on 240V. That being said, I also know that many switching power supplies are very capable of being used well outside their specifications. The VCR I brought with me from the Netherlands works just fine on 120V even though it says it needs 220-240V on the back side. But putting 120V into a 230V power supply is a bit more safe than putting 240V into a 100V power supply I would say, so I'd be a bit more cautious. Oh well... I guess if it blows up you always have a spare from your PAL machine... 🙂
What convinced me in the end was the part number of the power supply is identical to that being sold for a PAL machine. So I knew then that the power supply was OK for this voltage. The only question was the input board, and all the components are 240V+ rated on that.
The only component you can test that way is an unloaded 50/60 Hz transformer, not a complete power supply because they have rectifiers, voltage regulators, transistors and other voltage rated components like capacitors, which can suffer a lot of damage from overvoltage as well. For example... In a 110V>12V power supply, the transformer will output 12V AC. After that, it's rectified to DC and the voltage will increase to 16.9V. Most of the time, a voltage regulator IC is used to bring the DC voltage back to 12V, just regulating the voltage 4.9V down. Perfectly fine. Now, you connect the same power supply to 240V mains. The transformer is now outputting 26.2V AC and after it's rectified, the voltage increase to 36.9 V. The voltage regulator will regulate it also to 12V, but now it's regulating 24.9V down and it's getting overheated within minutes and dies. When you do a quick test, you'll measure 12V at the output, assuming it's all fine. And that's just one example what possibly can go wrong with a simple and straight forward power supply. In this video it's a switched mode power supply, that's even worse with more components that can suffer damage. Luckily, Sony engineers where ahead of their time designing multi voltage power supplies before it became commonplace.
grrr, when the production co-ordinator rings the HIRE-HOUSE'S, bookings co-ordinator and they dont cross reference they sure they want the (ntsc)A500 and not the usual A500P, means that you have to explain to them/producers ect whats gone wrong/why the deck aint working, gonna have to wait for pick up and drop off the correct deck :P
yes, ntsc decks were defo outnumbered 10+ to 1 but they were the same price daily hire rate, and as there was/is loads of production in london/uk destined for ntsc markets it was a repeatable mistake to make ;)
Have you ever tried to diagnose and fix these boards? I've noticed in just about 99% of your videos you never do any electrical repairs to fix these units like changing caps or other components , I only ever see you doing "board swaps". It would make your videos a little more exciting, educational, and possibly add more views and subscribers. thanks
I've done heaps of capacitor changing (DVCPRO for example) but it makes for pretty dull viewing. Been down to component level repairs on multiple machines, some examples that come to mind; Grundig SVHS, Grundig V2000, Philips V2000, JVC DVD recorders, Panasonic MII power supplies, Sony Digital8 camcorder, Sony DAT machine, Sony SuperBeta, Philips DCC, Philips N1700 (it's on my outro video), Sony PCM digital audio boards, Panasonic SVHS.... the list is huge. So your 99% figure might be slightly wrong.
@@video99couk Sorry I probably did stretch that a little, but you got to admit you do a little more board swaps than repairing them. I still think you have a great channel here and still enjoy your videos.😉
PS I love your videos. Its like a time machine, seeing those beautiful machines. On a separate point: It reminded me... I lent my early first gen rare piano key AKAI (JVC) VHS machine to a mate when he didn't have a VCR.. Hey, Phil, you big loaf, where's my lovely AKAI?@@video99couk
250V in your house? You can boil a kettle of your tea pretty quickly on sunny days then, compared to overcast days. Now there's a TH-cam challenge that will stimulate viewers; watching 2 pots boil.
@@video99couk didn't they send tens of thousands of the things to Libya and Iran, as 'Kits', to be assembled there? Or was that the older Hillman Hunters (which I think was a nicer looking car than the Avenger!) lol.
@@swanvictor887 I much prefer the Avenger shape to the Hunter 3-box design. Hunters were made in Iran using the original presses, so they weren't kits. It might be that a small quantity of Avengers were built there too, but the main country to get the Avenger presses was Argentina, where VW built Avengers until about 1990. As it happens I've just had a new oil pump installed in my Avenger, it came in a box marked Made In Iran. And it is fantastic, really delighted with it.
@@video99couk wow, had no idea they had reached South America too. Amazing when you think about it, what we were able to do as a manufacturer back then...!
hi this is a first about the power unit i have alot of this model and all the power unit's are with the same power buttons do bad time to time 240 watt about so i try to not run them alot as i have to pay the bill love the decks big time
I believe electronics sold in Japan are required to only support their 100 volts AC mains power, and to not officially support other voltages, to discourage them from being exported and sold overseas. Of course this is often just a formality, and many JDM items either can easily be modified to operate on different voltages, or are actually multi-voltage capable, but don't advertise it.
Indeed, I recall the early PS3 consoles were multi-voltage, but most were too scared to find out! :0
i imported many cams from japan , sharp twincams , sony handycams etc , all their power supplys supported 100-220v (90s eu standard , changed to 240 today)
they work absolutely fine
I have imported quite a lot of electronic equipment from Japan to here in NZ where our mains is 230 volts.
'JDM' (Japanese Domestic Market) equipment always states on the plate that it is 100 volts, even on the units that are capable of running at higher voltages.
I suspect they do this because the JDM stuff was never designated to be sold or used anywhere but Japan, so there's no need to advertise the fact it will work at any voltage other than 100 volts.
Probably 2/3 of the gear I have imported was strictly 100 volts only, and I have had to convert those to 230 volts by changing out the internal mains transformer.
On some units I have got lucky and the internal transformer has multiple primary windings so is easy to change to 230 V.
As for the SONY Digi-BETA, I have worked with a few of them over the years, but all of them have been PAL units and had the 100 - 240 volt plates on the rear.
Sony Betacam DNW-A45 sometimes had the same issue. The Sony DVW-A500 (NTSC) was well know for accepting power requirements of AC 90V to 265V (48Hz to 64Hz) even if the input was only 100V (AC) due to the higher serial numbers back then (Anything Higher than serial code 11944). The power consumption was 300VA (240W). Sony may have made a error by not mentioning the 240V (AC) acceptance next to the 100V (AC) input on the manufactured label. The unit should be fine to run on 240V (AC).
18:00 Actually the acceptable "normal" voltage for Europe is 230V -6%/+10% (216V to 253V) So up to 253V is considered normal and every power supply should tolerate that. 253V in still considered in spec.
yeah, just remember that the UK only follows its own rules 😆
Part of the 100V marking on non PAL machines was probably part of the marketing/sales separation of PAL and NTSC markets to maintain price differences.
In addtion there were 3rd party kits to convert 480i DVV-A500 machines to 576i with some component changes and there may have also been full switchable mods. I vaguely remmember Sony cracking down on buying the Sony spares for the 3rd party conversion kits.
Where I was working there used to be a drawer full of feet removed from various Sony Digi-Beta, BetaSP and DAT recorders, no idea what happened to them when the place shut down and everything was cleared out, I doubt they were returned back to the decks they originally came from.
My mains voltage often hits 250V here (yes, I'm sad enough to log it and graph it!) typically overnight in the early hours of the morning. One of our labs in work hovers around 252V nearly all the time, and it causes problems with UPS units cutting in with their factory default thresholds because they sense an excessive input voltage.
30 years ago I mismatched +/- for a Sony BVU150P.
Holy smoke forever.
Timecode Reader module is still available ;-)
When i attended the digi beta course in Melbourne back in the early 90's the trainer said that the power supply for all digis was capable of 110 and 240v operation.
I think you are right but it's marked 100v only for some internal reason.
Thank you Colin excellent work.
I found something similar with panasonic DVD recorder from the EZ series that I imported from the UK to the USA - Was marked 220V only while US models are marked 110V only. I thought I'd have to use a step up transformer with it, but turns out it worked on the lower voltage just fine. I did compare power supplies between similar models and US ones have a larger main higher capacitance and a slightly lower voltage rating (350V/100uf in USA vs 400V/47uf on the UK model), presumably because they have to "switch" twice as often to get the same outputs when using the lower voltage . I basically just increased the capacitance of that main cap and I'm pretty sure it is otherwise similar now other than possibly should have higher amperage mosfets. Apparently the control circuit that handles the switching doesn't mind the higher input voltage and that's probably why yours hasn't blown up. But agree, universal supplies would have been nice and probably would have added something like $1 in cost to have both voltages fully supported. A lot of the internal transformers also will have a midpoint tap that you can use so that you can use two different input AC voltages to get the same output voltages. I didn't mess with that on my supply since it worked, but could be something to consider if you run across something else that will not work on 220V.
Of course there's also the possibility of running 240 V dedicated circuits in the US, every house has a split-phase 120/240 supply and US 240 +/- 5% is well within the limits of European 230 +/- 10%. Admittedly it's a bit of a faff but could come in handy sometimes. The most common choice of plugs would be the NEMA 6-15 but I don't think there's any legal requirement to use them, you could use UK or EU sockets and plugs.
Rogue screws are always a nightmare. You can't leave them to short circuit. 😢 Sony certainly made some hefty pro equipment.
Yeah, someone I know from a Facebook group learned that the hard way creating a short in his lovely Grundig reel-to-reel tape recorder, I think it was a TK46 valve model.
Sony DVW-A500 still in use here in my video productions
Most switched mode power supplies are universal even if they don't say that on the back, as an experiment, I have a 220V/110V stepdown transformer ant every 230V TV here in the house runs happily at 110V including CRTs, even though the back only says 230V.
The first CRT I tried with a transformer was a 29" Samsung TV, it said 230V on the back but on the manual it said the power supply worked between 90 and 260V, and sure enough it worked fine at 110V though it was weird to hear the degausing coil taking longer to switch off.
Would I be a million miles away at guessing it could be because it was built for an Outside Broadcast truck that would go from one country to another on the regular? Like one used for F1 or other kinds of international sport, for example?
Plenty of places in UK have 250V. Usually its between 243 and 248 - Everywhere. Never seen 230 ever.
Doesn't "230" just mean designed for 220 and 240?
@@RWL2012 No. I live in New Zealand and our mains is 230 volts. That is the "standard supplied value". The actual voltage measured at any hotpoint can vary and the allowable tolerance is +/- 6 % of standard. I am in a number of motorhome and caravan forums and I regularly see people saying that their caravan etc is set up for 240 volts. It baffles me. We have NEVER had 240 volts here, it has been 230 ever since mains reticulation was provided early last century. Where are people getting 240 from?
Weird isn't it. It's been decades... @@Matt_Quinn-Personal_Account
@@Matt_Quinn-Personal_Account If the supply frequently exceeds 230 V +10% I'd complain. Anything up to 253 V is acceptable but more isn't. I'm not sure about the UK but most of Europe eventually settled on 230 +/-10, with an transitional phase of 230 -10/+6 to make sure old 220 V equipment wouldn't be damaged. The assumption seems to have been that by the time the tolerance band was widened to +10% all older equipment would have been discarded.
Mains voltage is usually higher in rural areas than in city centres to compensate for voltage drop under load. Long lines, particularly 230 V ones (as opposed to 10 kV+) have considerable voltage drop under load, so to make sure the actual voltage remains within the limits under full load, the suppliers crank the idle voltage up as far as they can. In densely populated areas transformers are larger and cable runs usually much shorter, so the actual line voltage tends to be much more stable throughout the day.
PS. The frequency is much more stable. That seems ultra reliable, and that makes much more sense since we are talking about giant rotating machinery and not having losses affecting it etc. Clocks, timebases and your Linn LP12 turntable all relied on a constant 50hz.@@Matt_Quinn-Personal_Account
I feel sure that if the power supply was 100V only it would not run for very long on 240V before something let go! Perhaps the supply was indeed swapped for a PAL one. Often someone would put a warning label on the machine if it was 100V only.
Oddly i didn't think about switch mode power supplies, i was a bit confused.
When you showed the box with a fan i felt like a right pillock lol.
Most laptop chargers have a 100 to 240v input i have Repaired loads but
Never looked close.
Perhaps the original psu was for 110 volts for japan, then there was a need to also use the machines over seas, so a new psu was made for any country, just One psu.
I know these dangerous lost screws very well, haha!
Isn't this the main difference between linear and switching power supplies, ? with computers and most consumer vcr's have/had switching power sopplies, the voltage range is good for USA/Japan NTSC and Europe PAL mains, 50/60Hz also. The DC output will be the same for both cases, and the mains frequency is not used for the electronics, or are there any AC motors used in these pro machines ?
The power connector plug at at 3:32 appears to be a common computer power connector that was used on US Computers. Perhaps it is indeed a US/Japan plug?
That's an IEC C14 connector that's used for voltages between 100 and 240 V all over the world. Every single desktop/tower PC (except for very large ones that draw more than 10 amps at 100 V) has this connector.
The parts and documentation that you're showing in the video would not have been enough to convince me that the power supply is officially 240V capable. I know that lots of times, manufacturers use the same parts in different power supplies. Here in the USA it's quite common to see 250V fuses and 450V filter caps in power supplies that are intended for 120V. I would have taken the power supply out of your PAL recorder and compared more parts to convince myself that it would be safe to use it on 240V.
That being said, I also know that many switching power supplies are very capable of being used well outside their specifications. The VCR I brought with me from the Netherlands works just fine on 120V even though it says it needs 220-240V on the back side. But putting 120V into a 230V power supply is a bit more safe than putting 240V into a 100V power supply I would say, so I'd be a bit more cautious.
Oh well... I guess if it blows up you always have a spare from your PAL machine... 🙂
What convinced me in the end was the part number of the power supply is identical to that being sold for a PAL machine. So I knew then that the power supply was OK for this voltage. The only question was the input board, and all the components are 240V+ rated on that.
The other way you can test for suitability is to see if the output voltages are what they are supposed to be.
The only component you can test that way is an unloaded 50/60 Hz transformer, not a complete power supply because they have rectifiers, voltage regulators, transistors and other voltage rated components like capacitors, which can suffer a lot of damage from overvoltage as well.
For example... In a 110V>12V power supply, the transformer will output 12V AC. After that, it's rectified to DC and the voltage will increase to 16.9V.
Most of the time, a voltage regulator IC is used to bring the DC voltage back to 12V, just regulating the voltage 4.9V down. Perfectly fine.
Now, you connect the same power supply to 240V mains. The transformer is now outputting 26.2V AC and after it's rectified, the voltage increase to 36.9 V.
The voltage regulator will regulate it also to 12V, but now it's regulating 24.9V down and it's getting overheated within minutes and dies.
When you do a quick test, you'll measure 12V at the output, assuming it's all fine. And that's just one example what possibly can go wrong with a simple and straight forward power supply.
In this video it's a switched mode power supply, that's even worse with more components that can suffer damage. Luckily, Sony engineers where ahead of their time designing multi voltage power supplies before it became commonplace.
When I read the title I started singing the TikTok song. "Oh no! Oh no! NONONONONONONONONO!"
maybe it would work if it works on 100V or lower voltage
grrr, when the production co-ordinator rings the HIRE-HOUSE'S, bookings co-ordinator and they dont cross reference they sure they want the (ntsc)A500 and not the usual A500P, means that you have to explain to them/producers ect whats gone wrong/why the deck aint working, gonna have to wait for pick up and drop off the correct deck :P
yes, ntsc decks were defo outnumbered 10+ to 1 but they were the same price daily hire rate, and as there was/is loads of production in london/uk destined for ntsc markets it was a repeatable mistake to make ;)
Have you ever tried to diagnose and fix these boards? I've noticed in just about 99% of your videos you never do any electrical repairs to fix these units like changing caps or other components , I only ever see you doing "board swaps". It would make your videos a little more exciting, educational, and possibly add more views and subscribers.
thanks
I've done heaps of capacitor changing (DVCPRO for example) but it makes for pretty dull viewing. Been down to component level repairs on multiple machines, some examples that come to mind; Grundig SVHS, Grundig V2000, Philips V2000, JVC DVD recorders, Panasonic MII power supplies, Sony Digital8 camcorder, Sony DAT machine, Sony SuperBeta, Philips DCC, Philips N1700 (it's on my outro video), Sony PCM digital audio boards, Panasonic SVHS.... the list is huge. So your 99% figure might be slightly wrong.
@@video99couk Sorry I probably did stretch that a little, but you got to admit you do a little more board swaps than repairing them. I still think you have a great channel here and still enjoy your videos.😉
Avez vous le Variac?
I do, but it's a big thing and I need to pull it out of my store room.
PS I love your videos. Its like a time machine, seeing those beautiful machines. On a separate point: It reminded me... I lent my early first gen rare piano key AKAI (JVC) VHS machine to a mate when he didn't have a VCR.. Hey, Phil, you big loaf, where's my lovely AKAI?@@video99couk
250V in your house? You can boil a kettle of your tea pretty quickly on sunny days then, compared to overcast days. Now there's a TH-cam challenge that will stimulate viewers; watching 2 pots boil.
Ah... we have a boiling water tap thing. So no kettle. Misses drinks a lot of tea.
Can't be many Hillman Avengers on the road these days?
About 300 of them now. The number is slowly increasing, oddly enough. See mine here: th-cam.com/video/t4J-grV_CsQ/w-d-xo.html
@@video99couk didn't they send tens of thousands of the things to Libya and Iran, as 'Kits', to be assembled there? Or was that the older Hillman Hunters (which I think was a nicer looking car than the Avenger!) lol.
@@swanvictor887 I much prefer the Avenger shape to the Hunter 3-box design. Hunters were made in Iran using the original presses, so they weren't kits. It might be that a small quantity of Avengers were built there too, but the main country to get the Avenger presses was Argentina, where VW built Avengers until about 1990. As it happens I've just had a new oil pump installed in my Avenger, it came in a box marked Made In Iran. And it is fantastic, really delighted with it.
@@video99couk wow, had no idea they had reached South America too. Amazing when you think about it, what we were able to do as a manufacturer back then...!
hi this is a first about the power unit i have alot of this model and all the power unit's are with the same power buttons do bad time to time
240 watt about so i try to not run them alot as i have to pay the bill love the decks big time
cost should be in past tense. 😁
Auto-transformer probably.
An auto-transformer , well... automatically change to voltage being supplied.
Google it.
No, there's no auto transformer in here. That would be huge and wouldn't provide mains isolation either.