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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 16 ส.ค. 2024
- Sand is a grain size, which means it can be many different compositions and therefore, colors! In this video, I talk about all the different types or compositions of sand in beaches and deserts. Common sand types include quartz sand made from eroded granite, arkose sand made from eroded granite that has traveled less far than quartz sand, black sand made from eroded basalt, rare olivine sand made from eroded olivine containing ultramafic rocks, carbonate sand which includes carbonate coated grains called ooids, foraminifera shells, coral fragments, and parrotfish poop, and gysum sand made from the erosion and transport of gypsum from a proximal playa lake in which evaporation led to the precipitation of gypsum from solution, such as White Sands National Park in New Mexico and its proximal Alkaline Flat and Lake Lucero sources. I also discuss other sand types, such as 'human' sand made mainly from plastic that accumulates and breaks down on beaches, 'snow' sand, hematite sand, garnet sand, etc. I close out the video by discussing the uses of sand, not only how humans use sand, but also how animals use sand! :D
References:
www.sandatlas....
en.wikipedia.o...
[4] www.overturegl...
[16] web.archive.or...
[17] books.google.c...
en.wikipedia.o...
Carbonate petrology textbook: amzn.to/3Y5aT5k
en.wikipedia.o...
en.wikipedia.o...
www.newsweek.c...
www.smithsonia...
www.livescienc...
0:00 Outline
0:36 What is Sand?
1:39 Sand Sources
3:05 Desert Sand Deposition
3:45 Beach Sand Deposition
4:40 Types of Sand
6:56 Quartz sand
8:50 Black Sand
10:35 Ooid Sand
12:43 Foraminifera Sand
13:52 Parrotfish Poop Sand
14:48 Gypsum Sand
16:33 Olivine Sand
17:39 Plastic Sand
18:58 Honorable Mentions
20:12 Human Sand Uses
22:16 Wildlife Sand Uses
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I was quite amazed the first time I went to Hawaii...the island of Oahu. Knowing that the rocks are all basalt, I was curious about why the sand there was tan in colour. Sitting on the beach, looking at the sand up close, it was obvious that it was mostly made up of crushed shells and coral. I looked at the amount of sand on the beaches and thought....this took a very long time to make.
Thank you very much. I am a lifelong O'ahu resident. It was not until middle school that I learned about the sand's relationship to the parrotifsh. For the next few weeks, when I stepped on the sand, I said, "Ewwww." 😜
@@legendre007 😂😂lol that's hilarious!
I never tire of GEO GIRL's videos. They're informative & entertaining.
Thank you! ;D
Same! 😍💖
I would have loved it if you showed pictures of what these sand grains looked like under a microscope. Not trying to be critical, it was another video jam packed with information. I will need to watch again to make sure I take in everything. It is 4am here but I watch as soon as I see you have uploaded anything.
Once again, your genuine interest is infectious.
This is the video I've been waiting for! I grew up on an island in the tropics and always took it for granted that 'sand' meant coral fragments. That is, until one of my instructors mentioned that we had to use imported sand for an experiment since it is silicate sand and non-reactive, unlike local carbonate sand. When I realised that 'sand' normally referred to quartz from eroded granite, I felt like i had to reassess my core beliefs lol. Little by little, I'm accepting the reality of sand diversity the more I'm able to learn about the topic
hahaha yes! I know what you mean about reassessing everything! I was so confused when I found out sand isn't describing what I thought it was lol!
Sand lives matter! 😂💖
Oh yea of little faith; sand is many varied , complex compound and sometimes even pure , it is snot to bee triffeled with ! Best perhaps to simply forget sand an take up concrete ,cement ,and it's assorted additives...
@@KerriEverlasting Hope OP incorporates this into her coral beliefs after acceptance of diversity.
@@KerriEverlasting matter matters to matter
-some chemist
Nice video again,
here in New Zealand we have some black sand beaches with so much magnetite (about 57%) that we mine them to make steel and they're far too hot in summer to walk bare foot on.
We also have pumice sand which is great for landscaping and sandpits as it's very course and drains very well but it also floats on water
Cheers
Noel
That’s what Jandals/flip-flops are for: to keep your soles from getting burnt on Auckland’s West Coast iron sand beaches
You do such a good job explaining things. I am not sure everybody is as fascinated about things such as clay, and sand, as are your followers. But I enjoy you stuff!
Thank you so much! I am glad you enjoy it! haha I feel like before I make a video about a topic, such as clay or sand, I think to myself, "really? this is what they want to see?" but then I research and find out such cool things until I am also super excited about it! lol it's a crazy cycle hahah, I love learning these things about the world, it is certainly a worth while use of my time :)
Don't you believe it. Everyone is secretly interested, they just don't know it yet lol
Great job as always. Remember playing with magnetic sand from Durand-Eastman beach at about age four. Would love to do an iron smelt someday.
As a child I visited the Isle of Wight off the coast of southern England one area called Alum Bay has a large sandy slopes and cliffs made of multicoloured bands of sand, pale, yellow, light, mid and dark browns, various reddish hues , all in striated layers. It’s a tourist attraction because of it. I recall collecting samples from the different colored bands
That sounds amazing! I watch a channel called Lyme Regis Fossil Coast which I think is in your hemisphere? So jelly 💖😍
@@KerriEverlasting yeah that’s further west and is called the Jurassic Coast it’s very rich in fossils.
“In every outthrust headland, in every curving beach, in every grain of sand there is a story of the earth.”
-Rachel Carson
Oh I remember the first time I saw a microscope veiw of beach and my mind is still blown to this day. Fascinating lesson to help me know more about this. I have long dreamed about going to a white sand beach. The more sand I see though, especially with you describing it, makes me wonder what they taste like. lol Thanks friend!
23:00 🐟❤those two fish. That's actually funny and beautiful. Little creatures taking the smallest fragments from the depths of Earth to design symbols of beauty and love.
We have bands of magnetic iron sand and singing sand on lake michigan. When the waves pile the sand just right it can get pretty loud if you drag your feet
Valuable information about Sand. Thanks Geo girl. I'm undergraduate Student at Geology Department.... I benefit a lot of this channel.
Yes! A geology student! We are rare these days, so glad to have you here ;) Best of luck with your degree! Thanks for supporting the channel :)
I’ve been binging videos of sand. Sand is soooooo interesting, and yet it’s everywhere and most people don’t give it a second thought.
For black sand beaches, and other fantastic geology generally, you'd probably love a visit to NZ. Especially the North Island. Piha and Murawai beaches are black sand, and just north of Auckland. I grew up in Auckland, and for a while regularly travelled by car down to Wellington, and there's a geologically awesome postcard around every corner in the road.
Well that was fun. I like White Sands too. It's like you're in a very hot winter wonderland.
As a massive Geology nerd I just wanna say your content is amazing!
Thank you so much! I am so glad you enjoy my videos ;D
You’re talks are informative and well delivered. Thanks!
To hear that snow can be considered a sand -- is to link science and poetry. Thank you so much.
Isn't so cool! ;D
I'm a big fan of the garnet sand that a lot of Connecticut beaches have. Reddish sand is just nice.
Hmm. I never thought of snow as sand, but it makes good sense. Sandblasting is also a good use of sand.
So post comment; Wow learned a lot! Olivine sand are you kidding me? WOW! That will be a #2 goal after I see white sands! Siesta Key I think was the closest one to me in Ohio, I have long dreamed of going down there!
*** edited this out, I saw after rewatching. So you said white sands national park. I didn't know where that was as I had my eyes closed I didn't see the slide said NM! Ok yeah I thought you said something about Texas before. That place looks/sounds amazing!
I also remember what you said about olivine, that it is usually too fragile to form a large beach. I had more looks at them, so I guess it would be a big deep vein where they could be squeezed up from underground?
Tums out Florida doesn't even have a top 10 white sand beach! New Mexico looks like a dream! I had some friends move down there so I always get to see it from some unique angles.
Ok well thanks again, killer work here!
Olivine sand-well, that's a brand new concept!
I have read that the ocean currents tend to focus floating stuff on Henderson Island, but I suspect that the fact that there's nobody there to clean up the stuff probably exacerbates the trash accumulation there. Could be generations worth of junk there, ugh.
excellent presentation, thank you..
very interesting!
A lot of the granitic mountains here have streams of “black sands” that are usually composed of iron and Muscovite.
Old prospectors used to assay those sands for their precious metal contents.
Ooohh Muscovite sand must be so beautiful and shiny!!! :D
EXCELLENT!!!
Thank you! So glad you enjoyed it ;)
Great video! Thanks for condensing all this awesome sand information into one place :)
You've been wanting to make a sands video for a long time; now I know why!
I find the interaction between life and non-life geology interesting. Not that i didn't know lizards bury themselves in sand, but I find the adaptations of Lizard's in the desert dunes and such . . . kind of romantic! They way they bop up and down off the sand; or, they switch feet periodically. Or, they burrow underneath the sand. Then there's the Paret fish!
The silicon valley making computer chips was the first thing I thought of when thinking of technological use. But, you found a lot of uses of sand! There's a great video called Microworld, narrated by William Shatner that mentions the computer chips comes from sand!
I lived in White Sands Missle Range around 10-ish; i think I went to White Sands once(maybe trice!) My father, being a sputnik kid and Astronomy buff, never thought to even take me to Trinity site in like three to four yeasrs of living in New Mexico!
Excellent video, thank you so much!!
Thanks Geo Girl for making these wonderful videos!
Thanks! So glad you enjoy them :D
I never thought I'd enjoy spending 24 minutes listening to someone talk about sand but this was a really interesting video 😅
Fellow New Mexican!
Yay 🙌
Also, I'm not 100% sure, but there is green sand just north of Moad, UT. It might be from olivine deposits. Depending on what part of the state you're in, it could be a weekend trip. Regardless, I highly suggest a trip or two to Utah for geology nerds! I geek out everytime I go there
Alum Bay at the Western end of the Isle of Wight (near the Needles rocks) has cliffs with vertical colours which carry on down into the beach.
Nice content. By the way your shelf rocks.
God gifted geo girl excellent thank you
Good class. You were able to make sand interesting. Thank You, Geo Girl. 🌊
Haha good, I am glad you found it interesting! ;D
I saw a dissection/butchery video of a parrotfish and their multiple sets of teeth were surprising. In the back of the mouth there is one huge flat grooved tooth that rubs against another on the roof of their mouth, to grind the coral. Very cool!
From Geo Girl, we learn how sand is grand. 😊
Sand is grand! Yes lol😅😂
@@GEOGIRL ...and never bland.
Have you ever heard of a book called "The Earth After Us" ( by geologist Jan Zalacewicz)? It's a speculation on the prospects of human activity showing up in the geological record hundreds of millions of years in the future. He talks a lot about how sand forms and how "human sand" can form from all the stuff we use for construction (concrete, asphalt, bricks, etc).
Talking of foram sand, a unique thing is found in the beach in Okinawa, Japan, known as "star sand". Take a look at it! It's lovely! (Tried to paste an image, .. failed. Sorry.) Stepping on it in the beach, you can hear a unique sound/noise!
I don’t know how I ended up here, but this is cool!
Love comin back to the sand video
I looove this channel!!!
Yayyy! Thank you! :D
Just amazing...
Thank you! ;D
The shells and teeth sand looked pretty cool up close. Thanks.
Yes, the foram shells are my absolute favorite, so pretty and intricate, I love them! ;D
Once upon a time I worked at a business that did water filtration systems for homeowners. There was a setup we would put together for people with iron in their well water. The filtration media was called “green sand” and was considerably heavier than silica sand. Although it was called green sand it looked almost black in color. Potassium permanganate was used to clean the filter media. Does this sound like it is olivine sand or some other substance?
Greensand used in water filters is usually glaucophane and other clays that naturally attract iron and other metal molecules and remove them from the water as it passes through the filter. Glaucophane greensands are also great organic additives to thick black clayey soil to provide nutrients and loosen up the texture in gardens.
Nice.
I grew up in a town with beaches that were full of black sand, to me brown sand was always kinda exotic lol
How do you do it without saying ‘er’ or ‘um’ at any point? Very impressive, it’s like you have an inbuilt teleprompter. I come for the geology but stay for the diction - well done.
HAHAHA It's called editing! I wish I never say um, but unfortunately, I have to admit I do sometimes, I just take it out after the fact ;) I will say, however, I have gotten better about that with practice. The more I give talks or teach lectures in person, the better I am about saying um less, so it just comes with practice ;)
Sand is grand should be the title of this video 💖😂
Very informative wow!
Thanks for your videos! I'm a math-heavy geophysicist, so I'm using your videos to catch up on the geology . Anyway, a few years ago I was in Chile for an intern close to Valparaiso and I remember the sand on the beach close to my workplace at the mouth of a river was black with green kind of stripes, I assume it is volcanic basalt with some olivine, but I never checked.
Thank you for yet another fascinating video, love your content
Thank you! So glad you enjoyed it ;D
Great video!!!! Very informative. One use of sand you didn't mention is for sandcasting metals (making green sand molds) and making sand cores (which are placed within metal castings to create voids).
Oh yea, that's very important, thanks for mentioning that!
Your videos are very educational and informative. Although it's a mere technicality, I wanted to point out that engineers consider sand grains to be those for which the smallest dimension is between 0.075 mm and 4.75 mm.
Lake Superior has black sand beaches made from "stamp sand." Mine waste.
My new travel goal is to experience green sand!!
Me too!!! :D
@@GEOGIRL I can't believe I missed the green beach in Norway. I drove along the coast to Alesund 4 years ago, and returned to Oslo through Trollstigen road (where I saw moraine sand and eternal ice), and then through the Otta valley, where the river's water is cyan blue. Going to that green sand beach would have been an easy day trip.
Maybe a good video would be to explain why some lakes and rivers have peculiar colors due to their chemistry.
@@GEOGIRL Actually you CAN see small patches of olivine (peridote) sand very close to you in New Mexico (of course, such cool geology in NM) at Kilbourne Hole (Volcanic Crater).
@@barbaradurfee645 Yes, but it's not the same when there's no water! hahaha but I guess it's still good ;)
I've been to a black sand beach on Maui & it's really neat. And yes, hot underfoot. I believe it was along the road to Hana.
FYI, the trip along the road to Hana is really cool, but if you get motion sickness, you might have trouble because it's extremely windy so if someone drives on it quickly... 🤣
Been on several types of beaches when I was in the Navy. Volcanic beaches was weird to me by the feel and sun heat. In Indiana we have a lot of garnet sand (with the black magnet sand)...does the garnet sand have a name? The garnets were deposited by glaciers. Thank you for the class
Yea, from what I found it is creatively called "garnet sand" lol I wish it was better hahaha ;D
@@GEOGIRL great show thank you! 😊
Upto a couple of years ago, I had kept a bottle of dark purple sand I had collected from a beach along the St-Lawrence river. I swear the entire beach sand was dark purple - It stayed dark purple in the bottle for at the very least 20 years. There was also black and grey sand mixed within it, the odd beige, but it was PURPLE. Texture: sharp, Form: very close to gravel-shaped . I dug a good 6'', the sand was purple. HOW!? What was it?
My guess is it was garnet sand! Garnet is commonly dark red, but can be soooo many other colors too depending on its trace impurities, so I imagine that would be the most likely composition of a purple sand. But I am curious if anybody else has any insight into this purple phenomenon, if so, please respond to this tread, we MUST KNOW!! :D
@@GEOGIRL *hands on face* I can't believe I kept that bottle Twenty years only to toss it when my cousine looked at me with a disappointed face and asked "You're keeping that?".
@@GEOGIRL I just google image searched, it was EXACTLY that. And I tossed it away T_T
@@KoalaMeatPie You must go back and collect more! :D
This video instantly reminded me of White Sands NM. So glad you talked about it in the video, I’ve visited it countless times. How did you like your last visit?
It was so fun! I hadn't been in forever so it was great to go with the fam :) I wanna go back again already haha!
@@GEOGIRL Yeah same here, I never get tired of visiting. Last time I visited was last Easter. Its so much fun sliding down the dunes but I really love to do is admire its prehistoric past, staring out into the distance as far as the eye can see and imagine all of the great Ice Age Mega-Beasts that used to roam this land, leaving their tracks behind to be discovered thousands of years later. Did you see the giant ground sloth tracks exhibit if you went inside the visitor center?
@@GEOGIRL Hey my friend, it’s been quite some time!!! How have you been doing lately?
I live in Las Cruces and I remember the first time I visited White Sands. It was a cool 74 F degree day and walking on the sand I was surprised at how the reflected heat from the sand made it really hot. I felt the sand and it was actually pretty cool and damp even. It reminded me of hiking across snow in July that was so thick it hadn't melted, but it didn't reflect heat as efficiently as that gypsum did and it was warmer than when I visited White Sands.
I now go out there in the Winter on sunny days and walk around. Bring sunglasses, more than a few people have had sunburned eyes from being on the sand especially kids who often don't wear them. It doesn't take long either.
White Sands is the only national park that gets closed for missile tests as it sits in the middle of White Sands Missile Range. I remember US Route 70 being closed for over an hour one morning. 😄
Sand I love it. This is so cool. By the way, I have difficulty communicating because I had a stroke in Broca’s area, the part of the brain that controls speech. 2/8/2021 but I lived again. (My wife helped me compose this.)
Thank you! So glad you think sand is cool too ;D I didn't use to but now I realize it's incredible beauty and diversity ;D
9:40 Personal experience: I've walked on black sand beaches (often and for long periods), and it certainly does feel like it's burning your feet. It's really not, but I guess that depends on your definition of burning with regards to skin. The sand does not get hot enough to cause cell lysis as would happen with steam, fire, or more than momentary exposure to boiling water. That's what I think of as burning. Of course, if that's the definition of burning, then you can't be burnt by the sun either (sunburn is an immune reaction triggered in part by DNA damage from UV, hence the association with cancer).
What most consider burning has to do with the skin's physical reaction to the heat: blisters (aka desquamation, the break down of attachment between layers of skin). This is an immune reaction, caused by cell signaling. When exposed to certain levels of heat, skin cells will secrete chemicals that attract inflammatory cells, who then secrete other chemicals that cause the formation of blisters. The level of heat that will case this chain of events is highly variable: I never got blisters, and my brain eventually figured out that my feet weren't really getting burnt, and it didn't hurt (the locals were very impressed). My Significant Other did get blisters, and from only a few moments on the sand.
Sand is also an excellent growing medium. Everyone knows plant roots need water, but many don't know roots also need air. Plants grown in sandy soil are able to get needed oxygen because sand is so permeable. Air easily passes between the sand particles and down to the roots. A farmer's favorite soil is Sandy Loam.
When planting my fruit trees in the ground, I always add a large bag of sand to the back fill, never any compost, "planter mix " nor any organic material. All my potted plants from fruit trees and berry bushes to adeniums and roses are all planted in pure sand. I top dress fertilize them with an organic fertilizer. and put compost on the surface as a mulch. People mistakenly believe compost, planter mix, etc. contain nutrients. Check the label. See any N P K data? Nope! Those bags contain little more than ground up trees.
I had no idea that desert sand was unsuitable for concrete. I erroneously figured that Southwest Asian and North African countries built their superstructures with it.
You really busted my mind with the 20 cm foraminiferum. Having red about that critter "Arcevulina" before, what I kept in mind was 20 mm (obviously because of cognitive dissonance), which would be also pretty large for a single celled organism. So my first reaction was to research this again (the GEO GIRL must have made a mistake here). Now I'm just flubbergasted - the GEO GIRL was r i g h t !
Hahaha yes, they can get crazy big for their size! I was also just blown away by this! It reminds me of how blown away I was when I learn how much weight ants can hold for their size! (the equivalent of humans carrying 2,500 lbs with our jaw!!!) It's so cool that these super tiny organisms can do impressively large things! :D
Please come and visit New Zealand, I'll take you to some of the coolest black-sand beaches! I use local black sand to demo magnetism in physics class, it works like iron filings :))
Ouh a 25min boring geeky video on... SAND! Pff! ... Ill still watch the whole thing! :P Great video!
Hahaha thank you! Glad you liked it ;D
If you ever want to visit white AND black beaches in one trip, go to Bali. The south side of the island has white beaches, whereas the north side has black ones.
So cool! It's on my bucket list!! ;D
The most prized, coveted soft fine white sand is made of WHAT?? haha omg that's hilarious 😂
Since erosion is the driver of sand creation what is the feedback that stops it? How come we don't see many silt beaches? Does it just get washed away?
Actually in a way yes, it is graded along the shoreline (meaning: it is sorted or ordered by grain size by depth along the shoreline). The waves sort the grains such that sand sized grains stay on the beach and the upper to middle shoreface zone, while silt and mud sized sediment is further down in the lower (deeper) shoreface zone along the continental shelf. This sorting occurs because the grain size controls how easy or hard it is for the water to transport that grain. There is a direct relationship with velocity of transport media (water or wind) and grain size in terms of how far a particular grain size will be transported in a media going a particular velocity. Each grain size has a particular velocity of water or wind movement that defines it's deposition, meaning once a wave reaches a low enough velocity, sand size grains will be deposited because they can no longer be supported in suspension (or carried by the water), whereas smaller silt sized grains are still being transported at that wave velocity, thus, the waves deposit them elsewhere, in this case further down the shoreline. However, I should mention that this trend can also go the other direction, meaning shoreward, such that the lagoon or estuary type region that is further inland from the 'beach' or breaker zone is often silt and mud rich while the breaker zone (right where the waves break) is sand-rich, and then it goes back to finer grains as you go deeper again. Anyway, the answer to your question is yes, there are other sizes, but they get transported elsewhere. Hope that helps ;)
Yep. Sand has everything to do with grain size. Not composition.
I was turned off from black sand when I learned about pele's hair. Now I learn it can also burn your feet. Yikes! No bare feet or flip flops here. Maybe a hiking in boots, but definitely no relaxation at this beach for me 😬
Oregon's rivers in general run through mountains made of basalt and are the major source of beach sand on our coast. But the beaches are very light in color. Well upstream I've found gray sand, which isn't surprising because the exterior of basalt river rock is gray, not black (though many of our beaches and estuaries are losing sand because the dams on the Columbia river keep it from getting to the coast!). So why does Oregon have very light-colored beaches when the state's primary rock is basalt?
Has olivine been used as a semiprecious stone, Rachael? Also in regards to black sand New Zealand has a number beaches covered with it and it has highly levels of magnetite present so it is mined and smelted at the Glenbrook steel-mill ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Steel ), New Zealand pioneered the smelting of iron-sand in the 1950s.
On another note, Rachel , in regards to granite you forgot to mention the third mineral that makes it up - Mica.
😎
Oh yes I do want to know about dune movement and beach depositions! Sand is right up there with clay for me. Non Newtonian liquids/solids fascinate me. Neither here nor there, not moving or still, a foot in both camps. There are secrets in sand I'm sure of it. Potential energy somehow right?
Let me add paver sand (or polymeric sand) to your list. It is sold at hardware stores next to play sand, and fill sand. It's not really sand, but a mix of sand and polymer (that will bind together and harden). It is used to hold brick patios together. --- I only bring this up because years ago I bought a bag of paver sand when I wanted (free flowing) fill sand. That was a mistake.
I have to ask, since when did they start using beach sand in concrete? It has been many years, but I remember a neighbor in California had a crumbling foundation they ascertained was from concrete made from beach sand as the sodium chloride breaks down the calcium chloride in concrete and it begins crumbling. It is why there are sand pits all over the place. You find or found them in the San Gabriel alluvial plain up in Azusa and many other places. I remember them because they made a lake and same for the Santa Ana River out the other side of Anaheim, lots of sand, they made lakes for groundwater replacement.
Humans have that puffer fish trait. The builders and the stealers.
I’m surprised you didn’t mention Io’s sand 😊
That's a topic for a whole 'nother day! ;)
Oregon beaches are tan, but it has some isolated black beaches.
✨✨👏👏💓
Strange that I never thought about where sand comes from.
No mention of the Sands of Time? 🤔😉
Why does "ooid sand" make me think of Doctor Who. Scapa Flow does the same thing. It just sounds like a Doctor Who place name.
I know it isn't different chemically, but how can you consider this complete without mentioning "Singing Sand"?
OMG I actually hadn't heard of this until I read this comment and just googled it. Now I am obsessed and must make a future video! Thank you for the idea ;D
Me too, so cool....From Wikipedia: Singing sand, also called whistling sand or barking sand, is sand that produces sound. The sound emission may be caused by wind passing over dunes or by walking on the sand.
Certain conditions have to come together to create singing sand:
The sand grains have to be round and between 0.1 and 0.5 mm in diameter.
The sand has to contain silica.
The sand needs to be at a certain humidity.
The most common frequency emitted seems to be close to 450 Hz.
Sand is just a grain size. Doesn't this mean that tablesalt could more accurately be described as sodium-sand?
Hahaha, I love that, I vote we all start calling salt 'sodium sand' instead, this must happen!
our sand in the west especially the southwest is aolian sand quartz type with a thin coating of iron oxide on the outside giving the reddish color. The various cream or white layers in the same sand are because of reducing fluids that bleach out the iron into solution and concretions are formed from it redepositing the iron if exposed to oxygenated surface water. WHY cannot I take our reddish sand and bleach it white with vinegar or sulfuric acid??
Hell yeah. Sand
Sandcastle worms are really cool. Do their structures show in fossil records?
Interesting about the biological sources of sand.
Is there a grain of sand at the center of every supermassive black hole?
Sand and diatomaceous earth is also used in swimming pool filtration, but the diatomaceous earth is more expensive.
In parts of Britain we would probably have limestone eroding into sand. Is that a type of ooid sand? Or is the limestone simply dissolving instead?
Is vs are.
In general, we should take sand for granite. 🤔
Arenites. Wackes. Arkoses. Etc.
I know you teach. Are you on research gate? I am currently working on a paper diving out the Freda Sandstone.
Yep, I am on Research gate, here's my profile: www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Phillips-19
Best of luck with your paper! :D
@@GEOGIRL thanks
There would be places where sandstone is being eroded back into sand. I wonder what kind of sand that typically is
All of that and I didn't see anything like the sand along the lower Columbia river around here. It's boring grey and might just be from Cascade volcanoes.