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Does India need so many non-CS, non-IT engineers? Mechanical? Civil? IIT profs discuss
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 12 ส.ค. 2024
- I discuss with Prof. Anandaroop Bhattacharya some burning issues on the employability of Indian engineering graduates and on the job market. Currently, a faculty member in the Mechanical Engineering Department at IIT Kharagpur and formerly senior professional at Intel, General Motors, General Electric, Prof. Bhattacharya has had a unique combination of extensive experience in both industry and academia.
We first discuss the statistics available on student enrollment in various engineering courses in India. Then we discuss the important question: What should engineering graduates from non-CS and non-IT departments like Mechanical and Civil do to face the job market where there is a predominance of requirement in Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics, Machine Learning and so on.
Video by: Dr Jeevanjyoti Chakraborty, Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Kharagpur
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Disclaimer: I am a faculty member in the Mechanical Engineering Department of IIT Kharagpur. However, the views expressed in this video are my own and do not necessarily represent those of my Department or my Institute.
#jc #IITprof #HigherEducation
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"Be flexible enough to adapt to new technologies", " if you do something sincerely you would start loving it", "whatever you are doing do the best " ... Every second of this video is synonymous with gold. I strongly aspire to become a geotechnical researcher and over the past 3 years, I have prepared myself, learning a lot be it core technical or any other skills that are needed for polishing the knowledge, when there were plenty of opportunities to skip the study as the semesters were going online... All the messages from this video resonate with my academic journey, thanks to the professors for mentoring us.
All the very best with your academic plans! And, thanks for the kind words!
Don't bother with geotech in India. The Master's curriculum lags atleast 50 years behind the world's in Geotechnical engineering. I wasted years in geotech, I suggest you not do the same.
@@loukitmyname geo technical engg is very good in Canada and there is lot of work there.
I have been to Canada and I have seen it.
In India it's only IT sector which pays you well.
Unless India becomes a production/manufacturing powerhouse and undergoes Industrial revolution, it will have no requirement for core area engineers like electrical or mechanical engg. But I think India has missed that bus.
Good point, I would point it out India still requires talented non -IT engineers but in a limited number.
What stops India from becoming a production and manufacturing powerhouse? Lack of Space? Lack of talent? The govt robbing entrepreneurs?
@@montyi8 Thats why, india doesnt need so many non-cse/it engg
A Mechanical Engineer is supposed to be a genius, with thermodynamic on his finger tips.
Which very very rare in real life.
production, manufacturing... is pure BS given by incompetent mechanical engineer.
@@BlakeTedKord the list is endless.... Just endless
India does need a lot of non-CS, non-IT engineers. However, we tend to produce engineering graduates rather than engineers.
The employability is low because there is no effort in inculcating an engineering mindset. This results in kids becoming dissolutioned with their undergraduate education by their third year.
Probably, we need not produce so many engineering graduates. Maybe the exit routes suggested in NEP may provide some solution. But, having seen how ideas that look good on paper royally flunk when put into practice, we have to take that with a substantial amount of salt.
Professor Sivaramakrishnan, you have very succinctly captured the problem. There is a big difference between engineering graduates and real engineers. Thank you for your comment.
Hello Sir! I humbly disagree to your statement. There is simply not enough job availability and IITs as there are engineers, and how do we separate engineers from engineering gradutes? GATE? I'm sure anyone who managed to secure more than 45-50 marks in GATE will do an excellent job in any IIT or PSU, afterall the people who study at IITs make it the place it is, the engineering is same(at least in most reputable institutions) and 90% companies only want to recruit from IITs. So, being good is simply not enough, we need to be extraordinary to even get a decent job in core branch. I'm from ME branch, lets be honest, how many companies recruit freshers? None of CS or IT engineers need to go through such trauma in their early life.
@@devathmanm514 Doctors in India have to take a test by MCI to be allowed to practice. Else they are only medical graduates.
Similarly, advocates need to have cleared the bar council exam, else they are only law graduates.
Unfortunately, India produces an excess of Engineering graduates and not engineers. You are right that there are not enough jobs to employ even half of these graduates. But, if a person with a BTech in Electrical Engineering needs to call an electrician to replace a broken light switch, and can't do it themselves, would it be right to call them an engineer?
@@madcapprof I totally understand sir. To prove myself as a worthy engineer i should put myself through GATE, only thing is it has been made difficult by the training institutions who make students an exam cracking machine. Me and my friends although from a top 1-5 ranked private college, despite having good grades in college are still struggling with GATE. Most of the top rankers in gate usually get there at their 2nd 3rd or maybe even 4th attempt spending all those years in isolation preparing, and lacking in softskills, social skills, and exposure to outside world. I'm totally not against GATE sir, only the fact that it is not like other qualifying exams, only the top 200-500 rankers get good opportunities rest all can only keep trying or get an IT job.
@@devathmanm514 Recently, in my opinion, I haven't observed a strong correlation between GATE score and engineering aptitude. In fact, the correlation coefficient seems to be decreasing in value as the years go by. I would refrain from commenting further. And the dataset that I typically work with encompasses a significant portion of the top rankers mentioned in your comment.
Hi sir, I'm not an IITian, completed my Mechanical engineering from a private Teir 4 college. After my degree i didn't got any placements and i found that my technical knowledge is not that good so I worked on it, worked really hard to learn those things in a better way (being a ME engg i have to and I should work on my knowledge related to ME, that's all I got) After that I was able to brought myself within 1% of top students tested by some big testing agencies like GATE, i felt good at that time that now i gained those technical knowledge.
But what after that sir, even with 99 percentile i was not able to ask anyone that give me a chance. Some of friends are working in industries with 15-20k monthly salary which demotivated me a bit more. Now people and the trend is forcing me to change my field to IT, even i also started thinking that if I had learn cs/it things after completion of degree i could be at a better place.
Now I feel I wasted 4 yr plus post re-learning period.
I'm still in a doubt.
Bro, Its unfortunate that this situation turns many Mechanical engineers towards CS-IT sectors just for the sake of money & comfort. Very few of them, soonly does justice with those jobs whatever they demands. But now, every sector of engineering whether core or non-core is emerging with IT skills. Then why thinking here & there ? Anyhow, IT & CS skills are necessary to grab big commercial opportunities in both IT & core R&D sectors. In IT, it is top notch no doubt. But in cores like Mechanical or electrical, no one will hire any single engineer only to do hands on machines. Those will be there but in collaboration with teams & colleagues. At the end, software skills are employable & more than that quick adaptations to new upgradation as soon as time changes.
@@NUPUR-t3e what was my fault brother, not landing into IITs or NITs after 12th? or I worked on only my subject i.e Mechanical? I thought my responsibility is to learn and upgrade myself only on my specialization and i think that i can confidently say that I did that, but...... was that a waste of time only?
I don't think cs/it guys have to do so much of struggle and hard work like learning their specialization as well as otherS specialization too.
Why so much injustice for us
Or should i conclude that we are UNLUCKY
99 percentile... Top 1%... Why ain't you applying for PSUs?
@@aakashchopra9080 in which year did you graduate??
@@palli6458 i applied but I failed to clear cutoffs of any PSU
Sir another point i would like to mention is about the opportunities available for non-circuital fields in India. For eg in Metallurgy or Naval architecture, both of which are offered at IITs, there are almost no good employment prospects in the country. Most of the jobs are in PSUs with terrible work conditions and poor work culture. They offer little to no learning and are a waste of talent and brains for someone from an IIT. This is why a lot of people from IITs move to IT/Consulting since the only other option is to pursue higher education which may not be affordable or lucrative
I am learning multiple skills like web developement and data science. I am in 3rd year mechanical from 3rd tier. I aspire to be in a good tech company and provide for my family. Thanks for the video. I had thought right earlier. We should always learn the things first which get us food on our plates.
@Ash Hegde no 😂 I meant for future
Jaake kheti baadi seekh
@Ash Hegde I have been working for the past 6 years in a psu bank. Saved up quite a bit and life is settled. Currently am 30 years of age. Let me tell you the point you made that a wife and child will make you poor shall remain valid till your 30s. Once you turn 30-35 you would feel the need of a partner, someone to share your pain with. A child will still remain optional but the need of a partner will definitely arise. And at that point of time if you don't make correct decisions you will regret after 45-50 years of age. Trust me it will happen. Take your decisions wisely. Not necessarily every woman will keep you poor many contribute actively to your well being.
@Ash Hegde you are damn right! Having a wife and kid will make me poorer. Better earn a good amount and live life having a lot of time for me to experience life with a bit of loneliness as a con. If you can share your views a bit more, i request you to please do so by replying me. I like your comments on this video and would love to know more about your philosophy.
@Ash Hegde "most of the lonely people are married"
DAMN!!
Hi Sir,
I m Harshal 1st year student at chemical engineering at IIT KANPUR.
I really didn't like curriculum of 1st year and was fed up of studies. But Now, I understood that I didn't perform well in quizzes and midsem Bcoz I didn't studied well. And that's true.
Now, Here I make conviction that I will study my curriculum to best I can. Atlast it proves my sincerity not only some employer but also to me
Thank you sir.
Start preparing data structures and algorithms
And get into it sector.
@@solok4150 😂
me to bro
@@solok4150 sabko IT me bhejdo tum
@@ayushdhingra855 😂😂😂
As one professor rightly pointed out that even if we want to have some progress in manufacturing, it'll take another 10+ years. Let's hope that educational institutions realise this and make necessary changes..
Either teach us how to make money from what you teach or teach us things that readily make money.
@Ash Hegde at least from Institute s of national importance
Awesome discussion
Moral of video - be flexible enough to adapt to new technologies and think from supply and demand perspective and do your best
Prof JC and Prof AB are doing a wonderful job of talking to the students and parents and giving informed ideas and opinions. I hope their message reaches all STEM students.
India needs a very large number of practical engineers and technicians not only for India but also to send them abroad; the world is very big and there are lots of opportunities for qualified people. Multidisciplinary curriculum, project-based learning, internships, skill-development programs, etc. will make 75% of the STEM graduates employable. On the jobs creation side, the Government has to create programs like solve your local problems. That is, let students identify 100s of problems around, write proposals on how to solve them, then take them up as BTech projects to actually solve them. A small stipend, a small budget, a little guidance from the local engineers and professors, and the students' desire to do something useful will make them employable and solve many problems at the same time. The college workshops and labs can be used to create prototypes. Thousands of real startups and millions of jobs will be created by these young graduates.
Please watch these and see how many problems young Indians can solve. Be inspired, find problems around you and work hard to solve them. You will become employers and business owners.
th-cam.com/video/fgaJwaTvBaY/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/eyppy4NuDaE/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/TDdMNGMl8ZQ/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/SFsnS0Yb1Bs/w-d-xo.html
.
kalingatv.com/nation/safe-and-clean-drinking-water-in-just-rs-20-as-karnataka-boy-develops-pocket-sized-purifier/
He is absolutely right. You have to be good with at least ONE THING.
It does not matter what it is, it could be computers, could be singing, could be sports, could be finance anything you can imagine. But the most important thing is you have to keep grinding on that particular field.
the reason why my friends choose IT was the availability of compact knowledge sources and abundant places to practice the topic and the best part is highly rewarded problem solving skills
No Roti, kapda aur makaan and O in abroad..
@@venktesh6600 itna jyada kyun paida krte hai log , mere pass to naukri hai kyunki mehnat ki maine
if i say i like it
the paradox itself makes the interst of no valuem?
out of context question
@@ktk1144 i have put efforts in variety of things interest value was defined by ratio of reward and success each time,
Sir I have a suggestion. The engineering colleges should allow students to take any branch without need of branch specific cutoffs. As a result more people will go into IT and CS and thereby satiate the increasing demand and only those who are genuinely interested in core branches can pursue them. Since number of core enggs will decrease they will get higher pay and more opportunities. So let the demand and supply adjust themselves but currently there is an excess supply of core enggs most of them do it half heartedly because they want CS
Lol, they will never do that. You are just killing jobs of core branch professors.
Jab kisi ko karni hi nhi hai mechanical to kyon unko jabardasti ghusana
Ek baar open to all kar ke dekho ki koi bhi apni marzi se branch le sakta hai tab dekhna kitne circuital ko chodke jaate hai
I love this discussion. Why main stream media doest give important to this kind of discussion with proper guests.
I think the print media did cover it to a certain extent but I would be surprised if the mainstream visual media covered these topics!
@@Prof_JC Thanks for reply. I re read my comment. After seeing your videos, you can be perfect guest. I mentioned like to search again to find proper guest.
We have large Gen Z category citizens in India. But we have diversify our talent pool like how stock market experts saying diversify your stocks.
Having coding skills, network skills, network security skills, etc, is all the future. Everyone should have some experiencing in coding, but should also have the flexibility to apply it to their respective fields.
yeah but for how long? AI will write better program instantly. all you have to do is write down what you need and the AI will write the program for u.
@@kr-sd3ni yeah now with help of quantum computers AIs will itself develop AIs
I have a "Bachelor degree in Physics" from a Govt Arts and science college in Kerala. I got into TechM in 2014(Jr Test Engg) after passing out in the same year. Now after 3 job changes in 7 years i'm Lead Python Developer(expertise in data migration) in a fortune 500 company.
If you have love for learn technology this industry will love you back, thats what i have learned from these years. Its not always the tech skills or your language etc "The willingness to always learn and upgrade yourself" is the key. Currently i'm pursuing my MCA, learning and exploring more about the world of IT.
It will be difficult from day-1 to day-N but you will never get bored for it if you have the right mind set.
Hope this inspires any one of you. Happy learning 😊
JC Sir, you're the best... You know exactly what and how a student thinks...
You've the exact amount of attitude and sarcasm which exactly attracts the students...
Sir the bottomline is that we need to create more job opportunities in each and every sector of the field. This is only possible when government starts funding a good chunk in R&D. This will also enable universities and academic institutions to promote interdisciplinary research so that student can study any domain of his/her choice without having 'unemployed fear' in their. Sir, I believe that this fear is one of the major factors that is holding back of our youth population to try and experiment new things in their domain. If somehow this fear is eradicated, we might see exceptional changes.
Kindly let me know if you agree.
Government funding is always important. But I think there can be a huge boost if industry provides patronage for research work too. Currently they do but there are many restrictions.
@@Prof_JC Sir I do agree with your point. For the research I think there should be separate industries which are exclusively designed for this thing only. Unfortunately these industries are very less in India. Apart from that, let the production and manufacturing industries do their part. The point is that a particular type of industry should do best on their part only. We are lacking on the research side.
I think engineering colleges need to be closed . They are too much sprouting.
@Ash Hegde I think you might be living in Mars on some other planet. India has much research talent and capability than any other country in this world. But since we lack resources, there is no tangible outcome and hence there are no opportunities. US has better facilities and resources and are able to do well in research because of vast majority of Indian students go there for doing research. That being said, we are still performing decent if not bad in terms of research in the fields like Electronics and Computer Science. Research in these fields in institutes like IITs, IIITs, IISc is at par with the global research standards. But since these institutes comprises
@Ash Hegde Go get some sleep.
As a mechanical engineering graduate and who chose different stream after graduation, I think we should setup some vocational training centres too.
No point settings vocational training institute as mechanical skills in our country are not in high demand
Bro suggest me which stream should i choose for Mtech to get placement. I am also a mechanical engineering graduate.
@@bestofreels1147A good option for you is to learn German and you can study for free in Germany provided the institute is by the government
@@bestofreels1147 computer enginerring/comp science
@@stoinks224 being a mechanical guy I am not eligible to choose CSE for Mtech its their criteria
I am the biggest failure, I am Mechanical engineer didn't get any job so I did MTech in Automotive Engineering, thought of getting a good job but nothing happened, tried learning CS skills but it is very hard for me to learn, now I stay at my home unemployed and lost hope in life, my body stopped supporting me, I face mental issues, and can't even die.
But I know one thing "I love my father, the day he dies,I will also die"
That's the aim of my life, because I can't see him sad.
We are all fucked up, u arent alone. Ur words kinda sounds depressing and thats reasonable and i understand that coz i am also going through kind of similar situation. Hope we both find our best ways😉
Go for state engg exams,ssc je or CAT.
@@hardyzme another rat race bro. If he fails here he'll get more depressed.
Thanks to both our professors.
Absolutely loved the conversation.
Thumbnail is hilarious, sir😄😄
India needs to have strong Industry-research-academic collaborative partnership. Multidisciplinary academic opportunities need to develop and mature to meet future industry needs, which creates job opportunities through opportunity creation. This means job/opportunity seekers transform to job/opportunity creators or otherwise entrepreneurship - not the me-too unicorns but real solution providers with real products and services. We need depth and breath covered to create experts to versatile engineers to strategist/visionaries intercepting both vertical markets and horizontal technologies, breaking existing silos. We need CS/EE/Mech/AI majors in Agriculture, Automotive, Semiconductors, Precision machine tools, Oil and Gas etc... Your guest speaker and professor with top industry and academic experience is a gem. Thank you for this discussion and video.
An ME student at Mumbai University affiliated College and here is my comment on the whole Undergrad Curriculum.
Academic Breadth is more Important instead of Academic Depth!
Sir the more I watch your content, the more I get Enriched.... Truly commendable... Your content and channel is showing a tremendous positive growth... Thank you sir... Sir this is my request, if possible please make the next discussion on the increasing trend of Engineers, especially from IITs and NITs to get selected in Civil services... And the underlying reason behind such a paradigm shift.... Thank you Sir...
Thank you for the kind words. However, I don't think joining Civil Services is an increasing trend among graduates from IITs. As far as I am aware, this has been going on since the late 90s.
Yes, India needs all sorts of engineers other than CS majors. As we are not leaders in any of the technologies, except may be some biotechnology and some lower cost space technology. We don't have any quantum computing initiatives, third or fourth generation particle physics projects, no semiconductor industry, research needs engineers to collaborate with scientists to create new technology. We need to shift from technology consumers to technology creators.
India not a leader in CS major. USA is.
India can be called leader in Nuclear energy with work on diverse nuke fuels and excellent track record in that.
@@riscnx We are a leader in nuclear technology but I think that edge of leadership is also past us, as our current level of nuclear technology is almost 2 decades behind other leaders as conventional nuclear energy is pretty established field, with a history spanning 6-7decades. The next generation of nuclear energy is fusion based, which as per my knowledge we don't much impetus and if history is to be seen, we will start focusing on it when tech will get matured by other countries and that needs to change.
@@swathimenon9538 Get out of fantasies kid.
Name 2 things which change for Nuclear power plant in last 2 decades, which India hasn't adopted? Be objective please
There is no generation business with fusion reaction, radio active hydrogen is produced by decaying Lithium (which is expensive and serve very well for batteries already) with an external energy source. Which makes it impractical.
Just because something is new, doesn't means you have to use it. And remember that people who work with Nuclear power in India are much more matured and smarted than you think. I know one and he is genius, like fabulously genius.
@@swathimenon9538 Don't be over fascinated with things done by Americans, French, and now Chinese.
They often do things for d**k measuring contest. And they have plenty of daddy wealth to do it.
Look at Tesla. You think they have made 2Tn$ by selling electric cars(which they BTW sell on loss)?
Or Theranos did?
Or SpaceX can ever make enough revenue to payback its expense?
No... they just play shares on top of their looted wealth. More recessions show up, more money is laundered and they appear as company shares.
TBH Amazon is the only American company which has a net positive income (that only via AWS, not online store, shops, bots, or Kuniper...)
In India we don't have enough money to do any of that. So we must follow a practical path, which makes genuine profits, as that is they only way we have.
@@riscnx I appreciate your concerns and money constraints argument, but my comment is that we have to wake up to the fact that cutting edge science of today become the technologies of future and tech makes money. Yes, life is unfair and yes we are poor as a nation, but we can only try with whatever we have and get inspired as a nation. To get inspired you need to have fascination for what can be and is being done, so call me naive but that's the way it goes. It's not like we don't have money, tbh, in spite of funding 0.65 percent of gdp our research funding is in top 10 so that shows somewhere we have that consumer mindset still, which is changing.
Sir i am a second year IIT Engineering Physics student .I decided to be on this subject on my interest after a intense research forgoing few top branches.My real interest is on solid state devices and semiconductors ,quantam tech I wish to continue my MTech at IISC .Unfortunately i have no inclination on placements at an IT industry .I love doing research and learning on new things on the topics i had afore mentioned .
Unless we reduce service based work and start product based in all domains, we cannot resolve this
Chips, semi conductor, CNC machines, industrial machines for many domains, etc lot of vacuum is there
Unless this is started, core jobs cannot be created
the sad truth is, the professors themselves in Non IIT / IIIT / IISc colleges, themselves dont have any command over the subjects, they just read notes and are not able to answer questions. its high time we do something about the faculty in engineering colleges
Even in IITs/NITs/IIITs, faculties are not up to the mark.
@@abhinavchauhan6863 true, only iitians or nitians knows that🤣
@@abhinavchauhan6863 Faculties are chutiyas.
If faculties were good enough then they would have chosen to work in the industry rather than mugging up the outdated syllabus and handing out the notes to students. Finally it's the luck of the students who qualify the placement tests and land up an ordinary job, that too with tremendous preparation which is not even related to engineering. These professors were disasters in their own life and somehow got a job in college with meagre salary. Anyone can become a lecturer in tier 3 and 4 colleges.
pay them more? teaching gets last priority in private when it comes to salaries..everywhere else private scores over public in compensation
From 2019 Gov moving towards the privatization no gov job left in India in future... It time to learn something like AI, Robotics, programming or developer, data science this is our future... Machine learning is also our future ....in lock down period lot of things change... All world connected by online
Bhai engineering is not all about software...
If everyone learn these skills then will these industries place all unemployed engineers?
@@abengalitravellertm2034 yes, these are completely new sectors and if someone can't even crack TCS, Wipro(where even speaking properly in group discussion is enough to get a job), then they are not just unemployed; they are unemployable
@@adee6467 are you want to say they have done a major crime that their life is completely destroyed? .....Then what will they do ?......Terminate Themselves?.......I unable and don't want to crack these IT gients interviews so what will I do? Terminate myself?
@@nitya5120 but in India most of the engineering employment is in IT sector, particularly in Softwares.
Manufacturing and Construction sector is very limited in India.
If you don't create industry that employ engineers from different fields, this is what you will see. Today's tragedy is a result of modi government's complete indifference to the country's economic needs and the attitude of central government watching the stalemate helplessly procrastinate without taking any innovative action to arrest the down fall.
Yes.
• Non-IT jobs are necessary but always limited. Industries continuously have to monitor the developments in their own R&D departments which are automotive, aerospace, power & energies, food process, electronics hardware, construction & infrastructure based & many more.
• These industries always demand core engineers like Mechanical, Civil,Electrical, ECE & now even Computer too. But now, its time comes for these core engineers to get broaden in skills from design to analysis & end responsible for net corporate profit or loss.
• In upcoming years, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning will expand from IT service & products to continuous prototype & manufacturing developments.
• Companies will chose only those candidates now who are versatile in technical skills & especially for those core engineers.
• They should be technically sound from engineering design to automation. From automation to data analytics.
• At the end, only technical jobs have future whose skills are employable in coding, development of codes & automation, optimization for cost, resources & safety.
Thank you sir.❤️
From this video, I've learnt that even if someone have knowledge & enthusiasm to explore but close attention towards market trends & requirements is always smart move.
Especially for mechanical engineers, it is required to be ready with at least Engineering design aspects of physical protypes, their functional requirements, constraints & strengths over the circumstances of efficiency, cost, time & safety. For this, design modelling softwares like CATIA, Solid works, Creo, ProE, etc should be well known. For simulation under real life & real time circumstances, whether the designed product will perform upto the marks or not, it is necessary to perform CAE, CFD & optimization analyses too & many more. These are just entry stuffs. The real games are far above the mentioned foundations. Like manufacturing, automation, quality controls, product & system launching & many more. Continuous innovative mind should be made then these adaptations will easily gets coped up. Everything is the game of temperament.
You have rightly captured the gist of the discussion in your last two bullet points. All the best in your career!
I think India should develop it's engineering syllabus with project based learning method
Mechanical syllabus is too vast, all pen and paper and no software learning... lots of assignments.... and you end up unemployed even after that. If employment comes it gives less money and takes 14 15 hours of work per day. If things like these go on, people won't go into engineering in future.
Bro, electrical's syllabus is 20% more and tougher than that of ME , but they easily switch into IT field because a good part of their course is very intertwined with and literally the base for computing/Information technology.
@@abhinavchauhan6863 the problem is that we are not taught automation and robotics in detail, I would agree for a 6 year engineering course if they teach it, what they teach right now in mechanical is too obsolete... fundamental building is fine, but then its real time application is important which is absent and then there is hardly any employment. Most of things we study are easily forgotten within a span of a month, remnants remain.... so this system of mugging up things without having manually done work on them is not helping. The education is not creating good honest engineers but desperate young people who just want a good job that gives them bucks. Even if somebody gets employed he is given money that even a labourer can earn in a day, a driver earns that much. If this is the case what is the use of studying engineering in general, better to drive vehicles
@@abhinavheya6289 mechanical in most parts of Country is still classical physics and 20th century mechanics.
Probelm is to work in such industries you need that knowledge.
But that doesn't make you employable.
Finite elements,cad /cam , design,all of these subjects are optional and no College teach them as they manage with IT or electrical electives.
Even business electives like project management, costing.these subjects are highly irrelevant as you will learn them once you start working and also they aren't technology rather just methodologies.
Mechanical engineers also need a lot of chemical engineering subjects to be properly employable.
Aicte should disband mechanical engineering courses from all colleges and set up super speciality colleges like CIPET.
@@Terahydron true sad reality nobody seems to bother about
1. There must be 1 year compulsory internship after B.Tech
2. Indian students lack financial awareness and education. Only aquiring higher degrees is a waste if you don't know how to earn.
3. Non- IT/CS branches must update their syllabus and introduce coding, AI and ML in syllabus.
All your points are already covered in most University
@Aviral Arpan atleast where I study
@Aviral Arpan pune University
@Aviral Arpan pune University offers a minor degree in ml for any branch.....there are few courses about entrepreneurship, financial management.
And each semister has internship to be completed with credits same as a subject .... students have to complete it during summer or winter break
@@vishalpachpande5921 COEP?
The mechanical engineering syllabus is mostly theoretical. We need to have a application oriented courses.
To manufacture BIG GUNS for the global market. Give competition to companies like Lockheed Martin, Blohm & Voss, Krupp etc. Modi is trying to do exactly that through Atmanirbhar plan but still it has long way to go. At least the journey has started.
Sir please make a video on how to become professors in the IITs . I eagerly want to know this. Request for a BE student. Thank you.
I think some videos like that already exist on TH-cam. However, this is an important issue. Let me see if I can gather enough material for a video.
@jc sir, please focus on the things one should focus on, during their PhD, which will help them in becoming a professor at iit
@@Prof_JC sir but they r not absolutely self sufficient plz make that kind of video. 🙏🙏🙏🙏
Sir really convinced with your point on colleges just doing profit making. I believe in giving someone experience of that thing or give them that exposure of various industries that is enough for them to set their relevant field of intrest than they really no need to see at books coz it is been written by someone who do had experienced it. So in the end I would say if they get exposure and experience they not need to rely on books to gain knowledge.
Although you are a professor of engineering domain, but sir since you brought the topic of employability and skill scenario of btech students, can you make a video on same topic for bsc students as well ? Like stats on What is the employability and skill scenario of bsc holders ? What corporate sectors think of bsc etc.
While its great that professors from core branches are at least speaking about the mordern issues of the students studying in core branches - however the prescribed solution of nimbleness is definitely a BIG JOKE. According to the metrics shown in the video we have an approximate current output of 2:5(number of mech/number of students in computer related stuff). Now there is no issues with the stuff the computer science students are learning however, the expectation is such that core branch peeps should diversify their skillsets in addition to their own curriculum which is also equally complex if not more. And then we want them to perform at par with the other branches in terms of employability despite the dangling sword and the immense stress that their is already.
The proposed solution reminds me of the coca cola campaigns of the past - there was a problem of plastic bottle waste and its management - now instead of them moving to a more environment friendly material, they launched a campaign urging the consumers to take action. They basically offset their climate responsibility to the consumers saying that YOU need to clean up your mess whereas not taking any responsibility themselves. A simpler more effective solution could have also been found at the source.
So why not try to solve the problem at the source here as well - reduce the number of seats for core branches and increase the number for the other branches on the basis of market status as a dynamic thing. That would ensure better learning for students and better opportunities for people who are really into core branches - increasing the employability also in the process because now the dependance on minors/other branches might be a bit more relaxed - instead of taking a minor in data science with mech major, they might go for something like electrical or electronics. So why is it that the students/consumers always have to be nimble - why cant the prestigious institutions and colleges be nimble too?
That solution we discussed is for students who are very soon going to face placements. We could have discussed all sorts of fundamental solutions, but how does that help the current students? We have to face the current reality as it is and adapt accordingly. And that is where the nimbleness is required. And I too am saying that we do not need so many mechanical or civil engineering graduates. We need a few but who are really good.
sir laughed between 1.30-2.00 about mechanical engineer made my nightmare.
Thank you so much to both the professors🙏
This discussion was insightful towards both students and employers.
Thanks a lot for sharing your thoughts on the skills a student can inculcate to be employable.
You are correct sir. I have prepared for gate 3 times. Now preparing for direct recruitment into psu through their exams. Gov should decrease mechanical and civil engineering seats in private clg.
Why should government stop anyone from increasing nation's GDP?
And take away opportunity from someone who actually deserves to make living with mechanical or civil engineer but is not interested in Entrance exam BS?
Flip the question - does India need so many IT/Comp Sci students especially since their highest aspiration seems to be middle management in the US? It’s such horrible tunnel vision and one that will have deep repercussions in a country with dire infrastructure needs over the next 2-3 decades. We need to produce more able mechanical, civil and electrical engineers, not just folks geared towards the services sector with bloated salaries that’s deepening inequality.
This Indian obsession with IITs and engineering more generally is frustrating. The vast majority of engineers who enter engineering streams have no interest in engineering whatsoever. It’s just a checkbox that’s followed by an MBA - another checkbox - and then becoming another cog in a US conglomerate. They tend to be terrible at basic socialisation with poor communication skills and absolutely no grasp on understanding society with any level of nuance.
The purpose of an education isn’t just employability, it’s the creation of hard skills alongside an intellect capable of curious engagement.
As someone now in their early 30s, I worry more each day about how societal dynamics will evolve given this large section of society that’s only focused on financial outcomes and following orders all their lives with little thought about anything else.
India doesn't really need a lot of computer engineers, but they are in high demand globally, so it's a good career move.
@@spac18 That’s a very generic and obvious response. What you call good I would call safe. Which is fair enough, I suppose, but definitely not deserving of the pedestal Indian society tends to put them on.
Also, what you said actually reinforces what I’ve stated - we have these people chasing middle management jobs around the world instead of taking on the challenge and risk to do something innovative themselves domestically. If 10-minute grocery delivery apps are the pinnacle of innovation, we’ve got a lot to be worried about.
Maybe we should ask our governments to generate more jobs that are not solely focussed on cs. Because, students are not just some soulless machines that would cater to the demand and supply machine in our country. Don't treat students like commodities lol
It really hurts me as a prof to see this situation faced by the students.
As sir mentioned about semiconductor manufacturing there can be a special video dedicated to the topic.
The current shortfall of semiconductors all over the world.
The future path for India to develop semiconductor industry.
Yeah that would greatly reduce our dependence on china, last yearwe imported 100bn dollar worth of imports from china
Semiconductor shortage has reduced
Great conversation! A very helpful discussion for Undergraduates to improve in what they are currently doing. Thank You for such valuable videos. Many people do make such videos but have never seen such to the point video. Thank You once again, Sir.
Iit ke alawa aur bhi university ko fund kro care kro
Iit nit me kewal 40k students hote hai inse desh ka kaam ho jayega
I really admire how Dr. Bhattacharya encouraged people to take their curriculum seriously and give their 100% to whichever stream they're in instead of mindlessly pushing students to force themselves into CS/IT.
Once we have more and more students genuinely interested in their respective fields of study, the core unemployment rates will automatically go down.
Today, most non-CS engineering grads are in deep regret of not being able to 'crack' CS at the time of admission. So, throughout their academic career, they're totally uninterested in the core curriculum and train themselves to get the most basic of coding jobs.
This is because of the herd mentality that's eating up our student population and constantly making them doubt themselves.
I genuinely pray that more and more students take up streams they're genuinely passionate about instead of consulting Sharmaji and his beta.
Does India need non-cs/it engineers? YES. Can india provide them easy jobs with low barrier to entry (think of graduating from a low tier college, or a diploma course) no. Can india provide you with abundant core jobs in engine design, parts, airplanes, robotics? No. My own friends, some brilliant engineers, yet had to leave country because they weren't finding jobs suited to their calibre.
my batchmate from cs is earning now 2 lpm, meanwhile I with the same 4 years of experience is earning just 40k..still getting useless motivations from people like dont go after money but passion.. or continue your path and one day you'll be recognised....see, you need money for money and that you need when in need ... why is this disparity..now im planning to change field
This is because there is no relationship between what is taught in colleges and what is needed for one to become employable.
Sir I have 80% in my btech mech , i have knowledge , i have training , i have intership , i have certificates , i am 7.5 in IELTS . And i still don't have a job . I don't think this will keep me sane for a long time . I am failure for my parents now . My father's last salary was 4 lakhs/month and now I cannot look at him in the eye and call myself his child. I have lost weight and I don't stay healthy and I don't know who to blame . I don't want to keep up anymore .
Bhai foreign chala ja sidha
@@urveshpatel8473 ha bhai uske liye hi IELTS diya tha , thank you for the suggestion ♥️
did you tried gate for psu?
I am a professor in the US and the students here are very poor in math and science but they still all get jobs because in the US there are more jobs than the number of graduates. There is no GATE no IES here.
Yes but course curriculum is so rigorous for a mechanical engineer, how can one be learning so many things ?! 🥺 The system should be flexible. I have done the mistakes in btech taking mechanical now if I don't find peace but this step would always define my future. There is no escape almost. I think, the structure should be more and more flexible 🤔
By being born with some extra neurons!
Bhai jitna jheel sakte ho utna hi pardoge na?
Thank you professor
I'm a jee 2022 aspirant
Hope I'll get a good a get good rank this year(in both mains and advance)
All the very best!
same
@@Prof_JC Thank you Sir
@@filzasiddiqui what college did you got bhaiya and are you persuing non cs branch?
I am a chemical engineering passout from nit bhopal working in core for almost 30k salary only and i can tell you only scope for core is in phd or ms from abroad.For job there is only psu for which a rank under 100 is required in gate(i myself have 500 rank but no use).
I will do mba in future.So my advice is to take cse in the best college you get or get into any branch in iit and start coding.
30K how will you survive man? A Mason get's more than this.
30k in satna in township food and flat is free
@@sanyamsrivastava2050 I see but even though NIT graduate should get more. Anyways best of luck for your future.
Ya but thats the difference between core and non core
@@sanyamsrivastava2050 Ya in our country mostly IT job's.
How about Biotech sir? Biotech is mostly focused on medical and environmental applications, how about bioenergy sector?
Too many topics and very less detailing is bad.
Biotech is a bad.
You are more likely to find a decent paying job in biotech sectors of you good mechanical engineer(good in thermodynamics), good chemical engineer (process engineering and thermodynamics makes sense to you) or civil engineer (you do math right and can use autocad).
Thank you sir, really helpful
I was in this dilemma of choosing any one and going ahead, now it's clear
Glad it helped. All the best!
After Watching this whole video , I can surely or may be still say that , *Civil Sucks*
This will what happened if you concentrate on only IT in country
No IT company will pay you for IT engineering if you are not good at it.
Same happens to people of mechanical/civil/ETC/EL engineering
It's just that IT sector has need for plenty of educated labours who have some technical understanding.
Other sectors also need same, but people in India hesitate to do physical work after doing BTech
My simple advice as an engineer.. .. If you have passion in engineering than go for it otherwise go to other field... And don't do engineering from private college it's waste of money and time
I have only say that you can do of your hart and interest not metter branch when you are enjoy your work then you are already successful and your future is also bright👍
Being a Electrical & Electronics Engineering student, My honest advise to the government would be to stop/ terminate the core departments. Rather have more seats for CS/ IT students than core seats. Also, our education system expects us to make a decision for choosing our majors right after high school when we have no realistic knowledge about life after right after high school.
Bhaiya Kiya EEE is good branch for placement
Sir I Personally Believe, Knowledge and Hardwork Doesn't matter to get a good Job.
I liked to read mechanics in 12 th. So I took Mechanical, I have never liked Electricity chapters as I have no interest.
Mechanical engineering is my passion. I worked hard in College, attend 3 Internship. Did a good Project myself.
Published 5 Journals. Still I am not eligible for IIT, As I am not gate qualified.
I am never Good at memorizing formula, but I understand Concept.
It's Just that People choose Iit because of Good placement, If they get good psu they leave next year.
Where Student like me who really want to have research as a career, need to have gate qualified.
Things Should not be like that. What is your view sir on that?
Had i been a recruiter i would take you in seeing the amount of effort you put in your internship and projects, the one exam only principle has made Indian engineers look like worthless even after working hard. Problem is with everybody, as a country we have become a joke in education where there is no feedback.
Aap abhi kya kar rahe ho ?
@@kunalsharma8142 Me Filal ek Sales Company pe kam kar raha hu. Monday to Friday. Aur ghar lautke thoda padai. Sunday Professor K sath bethke Research ko age barata hu.
@@shubhankarsarkar9162 nice
As a CS undergrad with 2yrs experience who was about to take Mech in 150+ rank college I have analysed this problem.
Compensation in CS is about 2x that of mechanical despite having mech students winning international competitions and sleeping in their project room itself.
CS projects have engineers at all levels (do they require is a different thing) creating a very huge demand unlike other fields.
Companies are ready to train students into IT roles irrespective of previous degree. Many hire IITians or NITians because they can work extremely hard (like they did for JEE) and have good reasoning skills while paying higher than CS grads from slightly lower colleges. Cross hiring reduces as college rank decreases. (We attribute a lot to JEE even after 4 years)
Marks and skill start becoming less correlated as you go down the ranking. Companies realise this but graduate schools don't. (Can see in placement stats)
Many IIT and top college profs don't realise that current IT industry doesn't need non-CS engineering skills. They need more industry specific background like basics of law, marketing, banking etc depending on the industry they work in.
The companies that train people for IT roles are service based companies. Those companies do not require high skill unlike product based companies like Amazon, google, etc. So for those companies, any above average individual can do the job. They try to eliminate as many people as possible because loads of people can actually do that. Selecting people from IIT and NIT is the easiest way to do this. This is precisely why they do this. Product based companies where high skill is required don't care about too much about your background. What they care about is your skill in programming.
@@achyuththouta6957 What do you think about the situation now? Many companies have significantly increased the hiring from other colleges also. They just want above average coders as you rightly said. Don't care about JEE and all.
Just make skill based jobs ..so any student from arts , commerce, science..who have the skills can get the job
Sir in my opinion for mechanical engineering : A branch that leads to understanding of working of nature understanding the different phenomenon all around us and then utilizing this knowledge base in creating some valuable outcome but unfortunately not much focus is there on creation i think some public labs must be set up in every city in order to brainstorm on practical problems and provide solution to them and that is the reason why many shift to different field because ultimately the expectation with which a student enters ie to learn and create is completely shattered after realizing the fact that its all about getting a decent cgpa and getting placed.
Problems are available but not everyone is working on it
GOOD TO HEAR FROM NORA
Thank you NoraJi
We civil engineers have jobs but no salary, and hectic work. I'm fed up with Civil and trying to move towards data science.
Sir, I am studying in IIT Madras here , many people do research on ML, DL in applied mechanics and other mechanical , ocean engineering field and I am sure u guys doing the same. In my opinion we need to revise the syllabus of these department
What about for non IITs?
Atleast you get some attention
Yes, quite a few of our colleagues are incorporating ML into their research work in the more traditional domains. Instead of directly revising the syllabus I think it would be better to incorporate electives where such kind of amalgamation of ML and traditional domains is taught.
@@kushwanthsai49 Dude , I am not an expect . Probably sir can give us better idea .
Thy are talking about not needing Non CS Students but himself shows the reality that only 38 % CS Students are employable 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂.It would be great if branches are merged just like in Foreign Universities they have Computer Science and Electrical Engineering as one branch.
Indian Education system itself is a failure. We tend to focus more on memorizing facts rather than understanding it. Most of my batchmates were not interested in attending classes and used to bunk classes, the problem is that teachers in tier2, tier 3 are not even interested in teaching neither do they show any practical implementation. This problem can be ended only if they can make it interesting like the online courses which teach us practical implementation.
India is getting into manufacturing. Physical Infra is being built, investments are coming in into manufacturing in next 5-10 years.
Even me , in 2018 I gave JEE and i failed to qualify it then i decided to pursue engineering from a nearby Private engineering college (3rd best callege of my state after IIT and NIT).
I had a huge interest in electricity, moters since I was in class 8th. So it was fixed that I have to do electrical engineering. THEN I took admission EEE department in 2018 and studied very seriously, always sitting at the first bench. Then pendamic comes I started feeling left out , all my friendships died and I started preparing for gate and failed to qualify twice. NOW When I imagine MY FUTURE I see only darkness, had no skills , failed in multiple placements (IT sector ) , had knowledge about electrical engineering but not have enough to clear gate. When I think why some one will hire me ? I have no Answers.
What tier college?
@@dhruvkandpal5636 3
@@hrishabhsahu2062 k, thanks. I hope tier 1 don't have these problems. Although people do say that core jobs in India are going through a slump, even for a good college
@@dhruvkandpal5636 in tier 1 also the situations are quite similar, everyone is looking for an easier alternative there like programming , also some students just want to get into prestigious College and they really dont care which branch they are getting. The main advantage being in a tier 1 clg is the environment and at least core companies go there to look for students.
Being from a tier 3 there is even no chance of getting resume short listed....because every core company wants there hard were well crafted as software can be upgraded but hardware cannot.....
@@hrishabhsahu2062 well u can still go for learning programming ,coding etc..u can still do best..
There are also engineers graduating from other Asean countires
Clearly there is an over supply of engineers coming from countries and markets not far from India
After 5 years you will see, all is well.
Wow..very great insight. Thank You Sir.
Most Indian software engineers are so bad it's not even funny. There are 5-8% I have seen in my experience that were actually good. Outside of that majority of them lacked the mind set required of a engineer. India is a just a diploma mill. The only reason American companies hire them is because they are cheap, and business doesn't see the need for quality engineers until they run into issues.
Although I don't have any hard data at hand, I have long suspected that it is just not possible to have so many CS and IT graduates with the majority of them any good. But right now companies are hiring them and they are chugging along but I wonder what the real quality of the products they are making will turn out to be.
When these so called unemployable flyout to US Canada EU and get citizenship there,some guys start crying , whose loss it is ? It is nation 's loss. How can you call anyone unemployable if he can get job in industry in countries like US Canada after completing master there
The quality of engineering graduates, whichever domain it may be, is just abysmal. BE and BTech education in India has proved to be a big flop. Engineering education needs a big overhaul. What can be more tragic, when the professor from IIT Kharagpur is very emphatically stating that we have proved ourselves in IT services. One wonders whether all this hoopla about Computer Science and IT and even Computer Engineering is all for the sake of IT services.IT services is mainly about taking care of existing IT systems and keeping them in working conditions. Can this be the goal of hundreds of graduates coming out with Computer Science and IT degrees ? The quality of IT education in India and the standard of IT and Computer Science graduates can well be judged from the hard fact that no one in this country, be it an institute or an individual has been able to design an Operating System, or a compiler or a computer language. This is indeed abysmal and painful. Instead of wasting so much resources in IT and computer science where the graduates are of so low quality, why not engage these people in industrial training and vocational training which will at least be useful to produce skilled manpower for our factories. These are very very pertinent issues which will determine the future course of this country.
My question is, does India need so many PhDs? Faculty take so many Ph.D. students just to get promotions, and where should these Ph.D. holders go? Each faculty in IIT will have 5 to 10 PhDs in a lab. And how many vacancies are there for faculty positions? As you asked in this video, does India need many non-IT-CSE engineers? If we don't need them, we will also not need so many faculty in the non-IT-CSE field, so we might not need to produce so many PhDs in non-IT-CSE.
It is hard for a mechanical Engineer now days to get job in their respective departments like there are only notifications of vacancies post's for a mechanical engineers is 30 highest but where's for it services they take more than 4 lakhs at a time in year that much supply is need to them
From petroleum, automobile, to pharmaceutical every industry requires software professionals. This is because every company is now a digital company. An Eli lilly or a JP Morgan employs more IT/software engineers than say chemical engineers/MBAs. And guess what, the acute shortage of good computer science graduates is already pushing the salary and perks to astronomical level. A good software engineer who starts his career at Microsoft/Amazon now can easily earn more in 10 years than what an IIT faculty would do in his entire career.
Why always you people talk about students? Why you people don't talk about teacher, lecturer, professor? 80% of engineering graduates are unemployed because 99% of teaching staffs in all institutes are themselves incompetent and doesn't have their respective subject knowledge! A dumb teacher will produce dumb graduate.
Yes
Wtf? Even IIT graduates are unemployed.
I don't think Indians don't have skills but it is the selectors who don't know how to hire good guys 🥲
Selectors here put too much importance on unnecessary things for e.g in written they take aptitude and reasoning do you really believe it will help them doing coding or managing servers 🤣
if you see interviews in abroad their topmost priority is technical skills
Also indian college should focus on giving people practical trainings rather than forcing people to learn physics, mathematics and chemistry from first year student should be given practical training based on which stream they have choosen.
Change mtech system may be , take non cs students in like a course mtech in non core type something where a mechanical engineer, civil engineer successfully change their path and start learning data structure, ai, ml, data science, algo and programming labs etc?🤔
Like some iits also started data science and all but still not taking non cs.
thank god this question raised and discussed!!
I think, too many talents chasing very few jobs. In last 1 month I have cleared 6 technical test, technical interview for data analyst/ data scientist job but finally I am still waiting for my job.
Sir, I couldn't clear JEE. I got 78.5%ile. Now, I'm planning to do Mech Eng. from a tier 3 college. Then most probably I'll do M. Tech (if possible from an IIT). The thing is I'm a little bit weak in Mechanics, ThermoD and over all in physics (because our high school teacher made us mug up the formulas and theories). Sir, will I be able to learn these topics from basic in college itself? I'm confident on Mathematics.
Sir can make a video for micro specialization? Like what factors one should consider while choosing minor in college..
For civil and mechanical to have better opportunities we have to as a country invest in Manufacturing and Infrastructure. We need more infrastructure like the Delhi Bombay Expressway and Bullet Trains
There are no descent paying jobs for non cs/it. That is a fact.
Its not shame when you choose Software industry or IT industry when u from core background you can innovate new software technology assists core field like mechanical electrical or instrumentation because even core field we design or develop product or system through softwares like AutoCAD, MATLAB, NI LabVIEW etc....even embedded systems requires software.....so that's not a problem and another thing if u from core background and intrested in software or IT that's not shame many people took decision based on parents or wrong advice....
Another big flaw in society I see is many families forcing their son/daughter to choose engineering which makes more unwanted engineering graduates....
My opinion is that all companies like they are compulsory taking CSR efforts should give internship and get some tax relief so that they don't feel like burden of training the interns. This only can increase employment otherwise all the geopolitical events happening in the world will only lead to more unemployment and frustrations.
IIT producing people .selling groceries and lending money and calling it a tech business....india needs reserchers and scientists..who can innovate
Skills is all matters.
If person has the right skills to do the job done, then that person should be hired.
If people have problem with non IT or Non CS background doing IT jobs, then make sure it background person should be trying non it job.
People always change along with time, past education doesn't represent the current you, hard work and willingness to do things, is main important.
I have just joined mechanical engineering in a tier 2 clg....taking that into account it'll take 4 years....can anyone please tell me what to do
You have time now prepare well for gate if you want job in your core area but if you are not confident enough just start learning computer languages.
@@rishavsharma5430 Bro gate is mostly for doing mtech not for job. As only top 100-200 students in gate get a chance for selection in PSUs rest all others have only choice to do mtech.
@@sahilofficial.7193 Yes it is somewhat true but if u qualify gate with good rank you will get opportunity to get into IIT's and from there you can get job easily if you are not intrested in mech core jobs just be prepared with some coding language it will help you in mtech placements as well, as UG &PG students sit for placement together.
Based on my google search I am giving this ans if wrong do correct me.
@@rishavsharma5430 Bro I m doing mtech from iit rpr, there placement is just a hope.
@@sahilofficial.7193 Dont worry just do your best there if nothing goes well, your iitan tag will help atleast to standout from crowd & get off campus jobs just have some programing language knowledge.
I had big dreams to take mtech admission in iit kgp, but I did some mistakes and did not choose quality and reliability or may be afraid. Now I'm in nit and studying thermal but I really liked statistics and probability . Now I'm confused should I leave nit and apply again this year, as age is also going so would companies allow me or not or something I'm afraid
2017 passout. Learning to code to shift into IT sector. Worked as an electronic engineer for 3 years, the jobs in the field of electronics is just absolute crap.
This comment section makes me feel sad, here I am developing my skills and talents while many people are living in uncertainty.