The Battery Basics: Understanding Lithium-Ion, Lead-Acid and More
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 10 มิ.ย. 2024
- Types of Electric Car Batteries
How do the batteries work?
So we know how batteries are used in almost all the appliances we use in our daily lives and vehicles. Energy is converted to electricity with the chemical energy stored in a battery. The battery consists of a negative electrode cell, which has a surplus of electrons that are negatively charged subatomic particles.
Electrons flow from the negative to the positive when an electrical cable connects the two. Companies today have come up with a way to use the energy created by these moving electrons to run a motor. Since the vehicle’s engine is powered by it, it must deliver enough current to the motor over some time.
Types of electric batteries
• Lithium-ion Battery
• The nickel-metal hydride battery
• Lead-Acid Battery
• The solid-state battery
• The nickel-cadmium battery
Lithium-ion Battery: This is the most widely used electric car battery. The lithium-ion battery was developed in the early 90s and gradually established itself as the leading technology in the transportation and consumer electronics industry. You might already be familiar with it because smaller versions are used in portable devices like mobile phones and laptops.
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NIMH) Battery: Another variant of electric cars is hybrid cars which contain both battery-powered and fuel-powered engines. These cars mainly use NIMH batteries but are also compatible with BEV cars. These kinds of batteries do not require any external power source to charge.
Lead-Acid Battery: SLA, or lead-acid, is one of the oldest rechargeable batteries. The lead-acid battery is still found in many vehicles, those with both combustion and electric engines. Compared to NIMH or lithium batteries, these are much heavier and eventually lose capacity. However, automobile companies still use it mainly because of its cheap pricing.
The solid-state battery: The principle behind it consists of replacing the battery’s liquid electrolyte with a solid material that can take the form of a plastic polymer, compacted inorganic powders, or a mixture of the two. In theory, this technology is all positive: it makes it possible to increase energy density and stability while making temperature control more manageable.
The nickel-cadmium battery: If you used rechargeable batteries in the 90s, you’re already familiar with nickel-cadmium technology. “Ni-Cd” accumulators had plenty of advantages, with significant storage density and a lifespan of around 500 to 1,000 charging cycles. However, they did suffer from the memory effect, a physical phenomenon that sees the battery’s performance decline if it is subject to partial “charge-drain” cycles.
--- Time Stamp --
00:00 - Introduction
01:05 - Types of Electric Batteries
01:40 - How a Battery Works?
02:51 - Lithium-ion Battery
04:23 - Working of Lithium-ion Battery
06:32 - Types of Lithium-ion Batteries
06:48 - Advantages & Disadvantages of Li-ion Batteries
07:54 - Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery
10:16 - Lead-acid Battery
12:04 - Solid-state Battery
13:37 - Nickel-Cadmium Battery
14:37 - Wrap Up
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I think the solid-state battery is better than other...it is safe and non-toxic material used.
I'm learning a lot about EVs nowadays, good to see this video on my recommendation!! You really did a nice job.
Solid state 70 % with 30% Hybrid Nickel Metal Battery would be better. I'm working on it. Thanks for this such an information.
Amazing video! Thank you!!!
Good video 📸🎉
Great and detailed post
Good job from 🇨🇵
Amazing Technology 😻❤️
The Nickel-Metal Hydride for now, as my pick.
The solid-state battery shall be the most efficient when the most suitable electrolytic material found.
Could you talk about the Sodium Battery /
A very good and informative video. Thank you.
I'm a mechanic in Australia and there is a massive push for EV here. A little too fast for my liking as there is way more research to be done before the western world should purely adopt this method. I remember when used oils had to be "reclaimed" and the costs this created (although it did give rise for other industries, apositive) and the implementation of this reclaim/recycle decìsion actually created more issue's as the rule wasmade before the process was developed.
I'm not being a nay sayer, as I am researching and educating myself, knowing I may have to work on these vehicles in order to progress my trade and business.
I slow down and a bit of "what if" thinking should be applied because there willbe an immense amount of wste from these vehicles, soon and not just attrition waste. Accidents. Abandoned. Developmental disposals, etc.
Well said.
@ Jelly
Aptly put 👌.
This should go beyond just EVs and further to other innovations (especially techs relating to energy/power, bio-linked, et al) to be considered well first and allowed to be determined by the market (people). An innovation should flow in a free market where it could serve as an option to some while, a necessary transition for others. All comes with backsides and these backsides may be weightier/more intensive from a small scale compared to say, another with a bigger/larger scale.
EVs rate incomparable on the scale of general efficiency and that is sure, a great point. That means we'll not just for the climate but...corporations as well.
Today's EV cars and trucks are using Lithium based batteries. LMO batteries can be charged 300 to 700 times. Once the battery has a low charge rate, now what, a $26k battery replacement. The EV battery has a warranty of 8 years. I would like to see LiFePO4 batteries, that have 4x the life of lithium.
what about the range?
Nice video.
I still love lead acid battery. specially the simple one.
thank for giving technology
Given that the auto industry has been focusing on manufacturing gas powered engines and the battery powered vehicles are only starting to come to market, would you say that, with time, the battery industry will come up with a much efficient battery technology in the years ahead? Do you think the oil & gas industry will still try to hamper the progress of battery industry ?
You didn't mention one of the advantages of the nickel metal hydride extremely lightweight I bought 2 D cells and they feel like they're empty they have good performance
solid-state battery is the best although it is still under research
It will change everything the way SSD did to computer technologies
I used the LITTIUM battery in my solar set up, it takes a long time to run out, it will break, unlike lead acid, it breaks immediately, especially when it is over discharged
I think so solid-state battery and lithium ion battery are the best
Great
Thanks I like lithium in computers .
In video anode -ve but on Google anode is +ve.
Solid state would be the best EV option. I guess that's why Toyota is going to use it.
Toyota is 💩💩💩. Byd, tesla, kia etc better everyway, battery tech. Company.
And what about the NiFe Edison's iron batterie?
Pls elaborate more!
@@xXZ31t6esTXx Nickel sponge and Iron plate in an alkali electrolyte. They don't have any significant power density and poor charging efficiency, but they can last for a century. They were used in EVs in Edison's time.
What about the lithium fire problem ? I notice you dont mention this problem ?
😂 deaths occured in india due to blasting and fire. strict laws of seat belt and auto locked doors chokes 😢them with chemical fumes and then fire cooks them 😢
@@user-jl3nc8bc6x Mmmmh... toasty
What I'm curious about is why I only get about 10% of what I should out of my watch batteries. I've had several watches over the years, when wearing an analog watch I get about a month out of it when I should get a year, and a year out of a digital where I should get a decade. This isn't the first time I've tried to look into the possible reasons behind this, so far i have only found the suggestion that this could be caused by a watch that waist to much battery, if this was true I wouldn't see the same situation throughout all of the different watch brands and types I've had. And looking into this has only become more difficult in recent years due to the every increasing popularity of smart matches, so most sites and videos I come across are about fixing smart watches that are eating though their battery.
Additionally these watches I only get 10% of the battery life I should while whearing them, last the length of time they shpuld when left sitting in a drawer.
LFP, Sodium ion and LTO?
Waiting for video on recently trending battery technology 'sodium ion battery'
Solid state batteries is the future of ev cars
H2O(H+&OH-) batteries are best and eco-friendly.
As much as I like Li - Ion Battery, I prefer the still in researched batteries for the future, but that's the thing, it's still on development and research, trial and error, I hope that they have done enough testing to the point of making it public, but that will be years to come, Li - Ion is already researched, but not from the waste management side of things. which a mechanic on the comments mentioned.
There's a really good chance that using AI technology to model chemical/material simulations and using AI to find new potential candidates is going to be what creates the most substantial progress on this subject. The pharmaceutical industry has almost entirely switched to using specialized AIs to find new drug candidates and to simuate what kind of receptor activity and pharmacological effect they will have. The vast majority of drug models are now made by computer programs. Same thing for protein structure modeling. It used to take entire teams of scientists to put together the structures of a handful of proteins. Now, computers are able to model hundreds of proteins in mere minutes. It's absolutely incredible, and I'm hard pressed to think that material science would advance in any other way.
Lithium ion battery are sitable for EVs
How about المشكاكة…
كانه كوكب ذري💡نور الله🔳
Awesome
Allinone circulation
Why lithium titanate battery technology ( the safest future ) research and advancement is stopped for ever? Who is behind it?
May you please develop more what you know about it?
No it isn't, in fact LITO batteries are still wildly utilized and researched, it isn't used in EV/BEV applications due to it's relative higher weight to energy ratio in relation to lithium ion and lifepo4 cells
Nukeeee batery the best !!! :P
Lithium is the standard now. Lead acid is cheap and history. Hybrid cars use nickel based. Solid state battery is the future
Edison battery lasts for ever but is heavy.
Hybrid EVs will dominate the EV industry for the foreseeable future. They are the only EV solution which is comparable to petrol vehicles.
Plug in EVs are not fit for purpose as a replacement for petrol vehicles, and either won’t be or will take decades to become a suitable alternative.
Expect Hybrid vehicle platforms to become the future of automotive propulsion, for several valid reasons.
1- they don’t take hours to charge their batteries
2- Their batteries are far smaller than plug in EVs
3- Parasitic devices are not dependent upon the battery pack
4- Cabin HVAC is not dependent upon the Battery pack
5- They are lighter weight than plug in EVs
6- They deploy much smaller and more efficient petrol engines.
7 They can be deployed into any transportation platform with great success.
8- They can be constructed without the need to depend upon exotic raw materials.
Learn the difference between "lead" (to lead) and "lead" (the element)! Otherwise great; thanks.
Uhhh... Dude, that's not an actual person narrating this video. This was pretty clearly made using a Text-to-Speech computer program. It's the same technology that is so popular on TikTok videos where the voice of a woman is used to read off the video captions. 😂
What size Lithium ion battery is used? Are they 18650? Could a battery be designed that is the size of something like a soda can? How would a battery that size be more or less beneficial than an 18650 or 21700?
Thank you for your comments. May you have a wonderful day 😊
If I'm not mistaken, EV's have started to use more proprietary cell structures for their batteries. BUT! Up until just a few short years ago, basically all EV batteries, regardless of automaker, just used a shitload of 18650s wired together into arrays which were further wired together into assemblies further wired together to act as one. For example, something like 20 18650s would be wired together in parallel and treated as a single "cell", then 10 of those "cells" would be wired together in series as a single "battery." Now, I don't know exactly how many 18650s were used at each level, so those figures of 20 and 10 are just to illustrate a point, but yes, originally, EV battery manufacturers DID use 18650s as the base unit battery with which they built their battery arrays.
@@GR8APE69 yea I've seen that as well.
11:46 - 11:50 wrong information.
Batteries are fine for cell phones, but they’re still a long way from being a replacement for engines. They’re too expensive, the charge times are too long, and electric cars don’t have nearly the range to rely on them exclusively.
The Nio ET5 has a range of 1,000km (with a 150KW battery) and can swap to another full battery at a station in 4 minutes. If one needs the car only for daily trips to work & can charge at home then range is not an issue and no time wasted at a gas station. Big and fast changes happening to the EV cars technology. Internal combustion engines are becoming a history.
@@skasey4080 oh 4 minutes for full charging 150 kWh battery pack ? can you tell us what is a charging current ?
@@minhkieu3412 They're not recharging them. They're swapping the dead batteries out for ones that are already charged up and ready to go.
@@skasey4080 I do think recharging is the way to go, though. I don't think swapping out batteries on something as expensive as an automobile is realistic for a consumer market where people are responsible for the maintenence of their own vehicles, and where a lack of maintenence can result in very costly repair bills.
Honestly, I think this is such a fucking cope. People such as yourself try to make it sound like EVs and EV technology is too young and undeveloped to be at all practical, and that's just simply NOT true. No, EVs are not developed to where they can outright replace ICE vehicles, but I'm not even necessarily sure if EVs will EVER replace ICE altogether. It may very well remain the case that for industrial and commercial applications, diesel engines and diesel generators powering electric motors (as is the case with modern trains) will remain to be the most common solutions. HOWEVER, when it comes to passenger vehicles and what the best solution is for everyday transportation and commuting, EVs are already in a position where they offer a real alternative to ICE vehicles, and it won't be very long AT ALL until EVs are MORE convenient - as it stands, the only real area where ICE vehicles are without a doubt more convenient than EVs is when used for long distance traveling. Yes, it is much quicker to completely fill a tank of gas than it is to completely charge an electric vehicle, but I think you greatly overstate how long it actually takes EVs to reach a full charge these days. Yes, if you have your car plugged in to a 110V wall socket next your vibrating dildo it's gonna take 24-36 hours to fully charge from 0%. But nobody charges their car like that anymore. At the very least, people are charging their cars at home on 220V, which cuts that charging time in half, and when they charge their cars at a charging station, most modern EVs are are able to fully charge in a half hour or less and be able to take you just over 300 miles, with some EVs having even longer ranges than that. How many miles can your car take you on a single tank of gas? Cause my 2.0t 4 cylinder Japanese sedan can take me about 360 miles on a single tank. 360 > 300 is NOT a selling point. Worst Worst case scenario, when you take a long trip, every 4 or 5 hours spent driving will have to be broken up by a half hour to stretch your legs, get some snacks, use the bathroom, and do whatever else while your car charges. Honestly, that's not that bad. Especially when the average person takes a trip of that sort maybe only a couple of times each year. Not to mention, the majority of people who are faced with a drive over 4 or 5 hours are probably just going to opt to fly anyway. And even in the case of people who work doing a lot of driving within their hometown/metropolitan area doing something like delivering food or working as a parts chaser for an auto shop, it would be rare to drive 300 miles in a single day, and even if you did drive more than that, you can just park at a charging station when you take your lunch break and get a full fucking charge in before you have to clock back in.
As for price, idk what cars you're looking at, or if you think all EVs are the same price as Teslas, but EVs are actually incredibly affordable. Brand new EVs are within the exact same price range as their ICE counterparts, they're cheaper to operate because electricity is WAY cheaper than gas, they require maintenance less often than ICE vehicles, and when they do, it's often cheaper as well, and contrary to what you believe, EVs are actually FAR more reliable and cheaper on repairs over the lifetime of the car than gasoline or diesel vehicles. As for longevity, are we all just forgetting that vehicles haven't gone 300k miles and lasted people for decades since we left the 90s? Most people drive about 12,000 miles per year. So saying that EVs "only" last 10 years before needing a battery replacement is fucking asinine. You show me any car out there other than a Toyota that isn't going to need some form of major repairs done on it once it's ran over 120k miles.
Honestly, I just see comments like yours and it's obvious that you've never actually looked into whether EVs COULD be convenient or not, and you're simply repeating the talking points that every EV hater parrots but doesn't understand in the least. Either that, or you use examples of rare use cases and apply it to say EVs can't fulfill the needs of everyday commuting. You MAYBE driving from Houston to Dallas once a year to visit your in laws at Christmas is a stupid fucking reason to disqualify you from purchasing a vehicle which is more than capable of getting you to and from work everyday, running all of your errands, and taking you around for a night on the town without ANY issues, and doing it all more cheaply than an ICE could. I should know. I owned one of the very first EVs available on the market, and even that car with its 90 mile range was plenty for getting me around the urban sprawl of San Diego county. It was my ONLY car. I drove it every day, had ZERO issues, paid only $27 extra in electricity charges (in one of the most expensive cities in the nation for electricity), and not once did I run into an issue where I couldn't do something because my car limited me. EV technology has only gotten SUBSTANTIALLY better since then.
To be frank, I really think that what you're saying is simply your way of being able to justify your refusal to make a responsible decision, because you just don't give a fuck. And between you and me, I would respect you a hell of a lot more if you'd just come out with the truth and tell everyone that you actually just don't really care, and that their environmental concerns inspire nothing but apathy in you and that everyone can kiss your ass. At least then you're just an asshole, instead of being an asshole AND a pussy.
First
NiMh.not.a.baateryy..
It.s a HIdrogen storage ballon....
Your video was informative. However, it would be better if the narrator's voice was non-monotonous(Don't use google voice to read out your video. It has a very boring tone.
7##sorry just an opinion a dry bat still work
I think capacitor is the best for cars
Because we charge it less than 5 minutes...
And discharge them in a matter of seconds, they are nowhere near being a contender for being the main power storage method
Capacitors have very less power storage time and their discharge is very fast. They are not suitable for long time current flow requirements.
Yeah, but saying "capacitor" sounds cool as fuck and makes me look smart 😎
This have anything to do with Barack Obama him having ties in Indonesia from his daddy being in bed with the CIA with the assassination squads back in the 60-70’s. He was in bed with Bush senior who was at the time director of the CIA. There is a picture of 8 year old Obama with Bush Sr. having his arm around him back in the day. Obamas adoptive dad was one of the richest men in my understanding in the world or at least Southeast Asia. Obama gets 1/3 rd of the estate from his dead stepfather and it’s held in a trust fund in Indonesia. That way the funds are not required to be reported to the United States government. If he’s in bed with the Bushes we know that’s not good. Grandpas Bush held money for the Nazis from WWII helping them acquire steel for their war machine!!! Research people!!!!! This is my interpretation of the evidence I’ve uncovered !!!!!! Allegedly this is true!!!!!
100% of lead acid batteries can be recycled, only 5% of Lithium batteries get recycled, because it uses more resources to do so. Battery vehicles use more fossil fuels to create than a fossil fuel powered vehicle.
How many child slave laborers got injured/killed by mining the lithium that goes into these batteries?
likely equal to or more likely less than oil .
@@niq872 Exactly well said.
A lot less than the dudes killed in the thousands of wars that countries like the USA invaded for oil... i mean, "liberated"
What about the slaves that were used to get the materials of the device you are using to watch this video. 🤣
How many?