Here is a cheap fix for healing bare soil spots in pastures.

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 ธ.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 132

  • @Retrieverman1
    @Retrieverman1 4 ปีที่แล้ว +34

    A good man knows how to appreciate a good dog.

    • @WendyAchatz
      @WendyAchatz 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Scottie Westfall You mean a “dawg” 😊

  • @tammoilliet8683
    @tammoilliet8683 4 ปีที่แล้ว +48

    I just take my hat off to you Greg, as busy as you are you still make time to crank out an excellently interesting video a day without fail. We thank you so much for your valuable time!

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      Many thanks to you Tam for watching!

    • @davemi00
      @davemi00 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      Tam M - Greg is my favorite person to watch.
      Positive and upbeat, cause he understands what he’s doing. Too few ppl like that today.

  • @HectorPerez-tb8hn
    @HectorPerez-tb8hn 4 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    I really love to see the birds taking care of the flies !!

    • @HectorPerez-tb8hn
      @HectorPerez-tb8hn 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      I hate flies sucking the blood out of my animals so any natural way to get rid of them it's more than welcome, plus the animals look so happy that I do enjoy watching the videos.

  • @flyingpigpreserve8562
    @flyingpigpreserve8562 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Smokey was very happy. Dogs don't usually show their bellies unless they ready trust the person. You have Beautiful Land. I understand you wanting to cover the bare spots. You have a passion for great pasture. God Bless and Peace Be With You All ☮️🙏❣️

  • @JohnVanRuiten
    @JohnVanRuiten 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Beautiful Greg. Every day I've got to see what you've put on TH-cam. Always good! Thanks.

  • @toddcaskey9984
    @toddcaskey9984 4 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Make sure you remember to show us the path you covered and seeded in a while. I want to see how it does.

  • @parkersontheroad1487
    @parkersontheroad1487 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Please do a video on what a littler bank is and how it’s beneficial. I’m new to this and learning so much

  • @tomcondon6169
    @tomcondon6169 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm watching this late, in June. You said he looks like a bear, and I was going to comment about this video, how to fix "Bear" spots...

  • @highroad3580
    @highroad3580 4 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    That is how we patch pastures (usually new ones) but one time we had a patch near the woods and the wild turkeys came and ate all the seed. There were over 20! Now we know how to draw some turkeys!! :)

  • @sunlesssentinel5326
    @sunlesssentinel5326 4 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I had to pull up sections of the grass in my front lawn because I was putting garden beds in. I took the sections I cut out and placed them on a few bald sections. They rooted well.

  • @jonstevensmaplegrovefarms3754
    @jonstevensmaplegrovefarms3754 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    a while ago you spoke about not needing to buy seed for pastures that there is a lot in the soil and in the bales. i had a field that for a couple years i controlled the grass, 3 year it was the nicest thickest clover stand you could imagine. never put a clover seed in the ground!

  • @COMB0RICO
    @COMB0RICO 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Grazing school in September! That sounds pretty neat. Thanks from Texas.

  • @MessyTimes
    @MessyTimes 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very informative in a very tight format. Thank you - you're an inspiration.

  • @roycegaida5300
    @roycegaida5300 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Can you make a video on how you stay organized with your rotation schedule?

  • @montrichins6040
    @montrichins6040 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Your an inspiration! Thank you for making these videos. It’s brought me back to cattle ranching now that I can see that it can be done profitably and enjoyably.

  • @emilmoldovan1789
    @emilmoldovan1789 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Absolutely amazing grazing lesson!! Thank you and enjoy your beautiful day

  • @oldsoulfarmlife2105
    @oldsoulfarmlife2105 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Great info. Could we get a sheep update and in depth video on your birdhouses?

  • @SandraDelesalle
    @SandraDelesalle 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Love your videos, so informative which is needed for us folks who only know city life

  • @kirksawler1199
    @kirksawler1199 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I’m learning so much from your videos thank you

  • @yLeprechaun
    @yLeprechaun 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very happy to find your channel.

  • @robertrogers8440
    @robertrogers8440 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I've watched a lot of your videos and I think this is one of my favorites . It shows your passion for regenerative farming and is very inspiring.

  • @jasonmckay8486
    @jasonmckay8486 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    We just got our paster all fenced in with sheep and would love to hear more about sheep rotation. We have ALOT more grass than sheep.

  • @larrymoore6640
    @larrymoore6640 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Every video I learn a little bit more. Today it was about the boot seeds. Lovable dogs. Are or were they part of the sleep protection dog group??

  • @gazmain
    @gazmain 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Such a cute dog

  • @markissboi3583
    @markissboi3583 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hay lightly spread like dead grass stops sun burning the seed and helps retain moister
    why grain when sown is covered with 2 rollers as seeder sows .

  • @kimberlycarter2744
    @kimberlycarter2744 ปีที่แล้ว

    have a lot of bare ground now and want to plant it and I can irrigate it. It's HOT though. I have a bunch of common Bermuda seed and some mixed forage seed and a bunch of round bales to use. Can I go ahead and broadcast the seed on top of the ground and unroll bales and spread it now even though it's so hot???? Again, I can keep water to it as long as needed. Can't wait to come to grazing school. Cya soon

  • @LibertyGarden
    @LibertyGarden 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Greg, all it may need is a 3 inch scratching to break the crust and awaken the seeds trapped beneath. I saw it happen on 25 acres that were pretty depleted. I hired a guy to till to get a seed bed. By the time I came back to plant, the blue stem and clover were already coming out. I didn't seed anything.

  • @tedbastwock3810
    @tedbastwock3810 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    had never heard of jim the wonderdog ... looked him up ... he reallsy *was* amazing .... learning more than just farming here 😀

  • @gerardomunoz7688
    @gerardomunoz7688 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi Greg, I can't find the videos you recorded in Arizona. Could you lead me to them please. Thank you

  • @jeffery19677
    @jeffery19677 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Joel Salatin says you should always plant FENCE POSTS before you worry about grass seeds. I am in West Plains MO in a motel looking for my homestead. Got two to look at tomorrow. Wish me luck.

  • @Msmora76
    @Msmora76 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Hi greg when do you now the tops of and with what ?? I never knew you did that I thought you left it for stockpile !! Awesome videos much appreciated!! Happy grazings

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Bushog seed stems off after the second grazing pass of spring. This promotes more new leaf production.

  • @joemc111
    @joemc111 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Great information Greg, 33.9k today may 10,2020 wow one day on 9 acres,they are just going to take the seed.

  • @4philipp
    @4philipp 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is so interesting. While I understand that some of the seeds may already be in the ground, I somehow doubt that a cow would be interested in the moss and wild strawberry plants that cover my 5 acres.
    Im thinking feeing Hay in the field for the first few years will add much needed nutrients, and perhaps the trampling will expose some seeds for germination.
    Perhaps it would be better to run a few pigs across the land first to stir things up a little. NE Maine is not exactly known for it's beef production but I'm sure a small breed can thrive for a families needs with excess being sold locally.

  • @7jdenton
    @7jdenton 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Lol, look at that dog's smile!

  • @jeremiejones3430
    @jeremiejones3430 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hello I stay in Mississippi an trying to get started in the cattle business. I have 50 acres that the timber was cut a year ago I am cleaning the land up now an need some advice on what type of grass to plant that will allow me to be totally dependent on solar energy an what steps I need to take to do so?! Please help!!!! Thank you in advance!!!!

  • @modee-b9s
    @modee-b9s ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video - Thanks!

  • @rev5774
    @rev5774 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hello Greg, I have a couple of questions for you. First, when during the year on your farms does Bird's-foot trefoil demonstrate the most growth, and, second, why does Bird's-foot trefoil not cause bloat in cows? Thank you, sir.

  • @kiddfamilyfarmllc9962
    @kiddfamilyfarmllc9962 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Timely, will do this this week.

  • @charlestrum
    @charlestrum 4 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Hi Greg, do you think its possible to maintain this type of pasture in an arid hot area like in Southern Africa? . For instance we get about 350-400 mm (about 16 inches of rain a year) here in Namibia, where I farm.

    • @natehb
      @natehb 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      You may want to look up Allan Savory. He is from Africa.

    • @charlestrum
      @charlestrum 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Thanks Nate, will check him out 👍

    • @andreafalconiero9089
      @andreafalconiero9089 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      It should be possible. In northern states like North Dakota and western provinces of Canada like Saskatchewan and Alberta, the annual precipitation is about the same or less, and the growing season is probably much shorter than you have in Namibia. You should check out some videos by Gabe Brown to see what can be achieved with a 3-month growing season and 14-16 inches of rain. As he says, it isn't about how much rain you _get_ -- it's how much you _keep._ With good soil infiltration to minimize or eliminate runoff, and a layer of ground cover or mulch (Greg's "litterbank") to *always* keep the soil cool and retain moisture (no bare soil!), 16 inches is enough to do this.

    • @marlan5470
      @marlan5470 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Add Geoff Lawton to your research. He specializes in regenerating deserts.

    • @TebogoDioka
      @TebogoDioka 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @charles Urinavi I have the same question as I am situated across you in the Kalahari. Allan Savory is from Zimbabwe but you have to buy the material to read on. I have not bought it yet. I have been reading the net for regenerative or as others call it Ultra High Density but have not found a clear successful study that can be repeatable. Checkout Zimbabwean cattleman Johann Zietsman. You can visit grainsa.co.za on the subject. If you get in touch please do share. I also believe Greg do grazing course together with Ian Mitchell-Innes from South Africa.

  • @jameskniskern2261
    @jameskniskern2261 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    So the compaction on the wheel tracks won't be a problem for the "new" plants? I would have thought that something to loosen the soil up a bit would speed the recovery. Like a quick pass with a subsoiler, then overseeding and mulching with the hay flakes.

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Hard ground is the best seed bed there is for grass seed. Fluffy seed bed is a recipe for failure on grass seed. A dozer track on a new pond dam is the best seed bed there is!

    • @wildrosebeef
      @wildrosebeef 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Except you're not seeding barley or oats or corn on that, James. Those annuals can be sown at a much deeper seed depth than most forage grasses, which only need to be sown at around 1/4" deep (corn and barley can go as deep as 1 to 2 inches). As Greg said, too loose and fluffy a seed bed spells trainwreck because it just makes forage seed much, much to susceptible to be put down at a deeper depth than needed for good germination.
      I've talked to producers with a similar question like that, and I've always had to let them know that a *well packed* seed bed is a must if they're going to sow down a forage stand, regardless if it's for hay or pasture. By well-packed I mean packed so that when you walk out on the soil, you only see the toe and heel of your boot, not your arch or, if you're using a tractor tire to compare, that you're only seeing the treads and not the arches in between the treads. If a person is seeing the arches, then they need to get out there with roller and pack it better.

  • @46rambo49
    @46rambo49 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    we run our 1590 John Deere seed drill over spots like this and viola! you have great grass, we have 7000 feet in elevation, limited water, and miles of sagebrush,

    • @46rambo49
      @46rambo49 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      colorado/ utah border, the Ute tell me the same thing, seems to hold true, the Elk not so much

  • @samson851
    @samson851 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Roughly how many pounds of livestock are you running to the acre during the spring flush? Just want to know an appropriate stocking density for a twice a day move system

  • @TownHallwithHall
    @TownHallwithHall 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Do you just leave all the manure on the pasture after theyre done and on to the next pasture, or do you mow it and break it up

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      We never do anything with the manure. Our soil critters eat it and turn it into valuable rich soil that grows more grass.

    • @davidhickenbottom6574
      @davidhickenbottom6574 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Great question welcome to the channel.

  • @nc-gw2wr
    @nc-gw2wr 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Greg I apologize but at minute 9:28 you're saying to see with 4 what? Hoves? please clarify as i'm indecisive as part of the sabbatical of my 3 acres whether to seed it (seed has fescue, clover, alfafa, timothy.ect) or another alternative.

    • @texicaliblues
      @texicaliblues 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Four hooves, i.e. a livestock animal

  • @albertszilard577
    @albertszilard577 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Nice job

  • @MrMixamitosis
    @MrMixamitosis 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Also.. have you ever seeded any of your pastures? E.g to get legumes in the mix or other species of grass. If so, what technique did you use to get the diverse mix established?

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Cattle trampling carbon on the soil surface will bring diversity into your pastures.

  • @davidhickenbottom6574
    @davidhickenbottom6574 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I was thinking about this video the other day, how's it looking now in July

  • @marcus3457
    @marcus3457 ปีที่แล้ว

    May I ask how many additional acres do you need per animal unit if you wanted to grow your own hay instead of purchasing it? I realize that will vary depending where you are, length of your winter season, etc. But say you can have one animal unit per acre, would you need an full additional acre for your winter forage?

  • @duckmann5000
    @duckmann5000 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Go Smokey and Venus 🐶🐶🏆🏆 Great Video ⭐️

  • @philmolineaux7757
    @philmolineaux7757 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    ...WHEN YOUR GRASSES GO TO SEED AT DIFFERENT TIMES WHEN DO YOU MOW TO SPREAD THE SEED?

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      We don't mow to spread seed. We mow to remove seed heads and stems to promote more leaf production.

  • @mjay8128
    @mjay8128 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The times that you have to mow, do the clippings increase your litter bank ?

  • @mmortier
    @mmortier 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    how do your herd dogs react to your house dogs? Do you have to keep them apart?

    • @moavic5087
      @moavic5087 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Martin they are use to each other.

    • @andrewmcdonald7077
      @andrewmcdonald7077 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Mine get along just fine

  • @hectorperez7655
    @hectorperez7655 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video

  • @clayglover55
    @clayglover55 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Give us a video on weed control.

  • @justinmejia1811
    @justinmejia1811 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Greg where do we buy the seeds that you plant? Local?

    • @davidhickenbottom6574
      @davidhickenbottom6574 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Any feed store not tractor supply. Local ag store will have bulk seed you might have to ask them. Won't be on display inside

  • @andrew-rp7uy
    @andrew-rp7uy 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    What's your opinion on Dexter Cattle for colder climates (Southern Ontario) and how do you deal with bottle babies.

  • @aaronolson2469
    @aaronolson2469 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What would happen if you just covered the bare spots with old hay and no seed. Was the seed added just to get the varieties to are looking for

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Just covering it with hay will work. You will get new plants. We had some old seed that we wanted to get rid of, that was the only reason we put it down.

  • @WinningOnline
    @WinningOnline 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great Wisdom :)

  • @wendyrowland7787
    @wendyrowland7787 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Keeping a close herd and closed flock essential to good animal health, no point in importing disease. Do you have any red clover free pasture when tupping the ewes bearing in mind red clover is a contraceptive for sheep?

    • @Digger927
      @Digger927 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Really? Well tell that to my 14 first year ewes that are all dropping lambs after grazing red clover infused fescue all last fall.

  • @MistressOP
    @MistressOP 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    If you have a bad field. Take pigs or a rabbit tractor group. to clear the field and knock it back. Then spread some compost, and feed hay then drill stainfol. It's an I have to get this field working type investment. If you have the money. You can begin to use that field for fatting up. The stainfol if is treated right it's like alfalfa but doesn't get the bloat. You can keep a solid field of it for 2 or 4 years without doing a great job with it. It will fade over time if it's not managed to keep the stainfol going. Fade into native clover slowly replacing the stainfol. If you got clover in your seed bank and most folks do. This field is highly effective for finishing herds. While you transition your herd into a solid grazing-style herd and replace your heads of cattle. Sometimes a small investment can be a badaid as along as you don't go overboard and you know what your doing.

    • @MistressOP
      @MistressOP 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      some folks plant soybean to kick start a field or another annual. but this is a better idea long run if you have a transitional first or second-generation herd of pasture finish cattle. Just remember that you have extra protein in the field and keep transition your heard away from old genetics even if you got cattle who are doing well because of these types of fields.

  • @leifleifsen7708
    @leifleifsen7708 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bravo Greg

  • @jesayamutota4219
    @jesayamutota4219 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    How big is this area?

  • @ubuntunewb
    @ubuntunewb 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    @gregjudy Just out of curiosity, how many head to acres are you stocking on average? I know every farm is different, but just trying to learn how you decide to stock however many you have in the herd on 18 acres in a day? I know experience also eventually comes into play knowing that specific land and how much forage is available. Just trying to pick your brain and learn.

  • @waterboy35653
    @waterboy35653 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    What time of the year is this?

  • @altonriggs2352
    @altonriggs2352 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Give Smokey his own channel!!!

  • @MrMixamitosis
    @MrMixamitosis 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Greg, love your work! How many inches do you clip your pasture back to when you need to trim the seed heads or ‘boots’ off? TIA from Australia 🙌🏻

  • @roberthubbs245
    @roberthubbs245 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am leasing some pasture and one area has alot of wild sweet pea in it. Is this good or bad? Just want to clear it up before I get to that area.

  • @chh-chh
    @chh-chh 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Greg does it have to be hay? How about straw, or even rice straw (which is basically cardboard).

  • @clearvuehomeinspection7793
    @clearvuehomeinspection7793 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    How are you controlling your weeds?

  • @takeoffyourblinkers
    @takeoffyourblinkers 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    It's so sad that videos like this aren't taught in the curriculum everywhere, the fact that when talking animals and environment, they are so conflated these days is just wrong.

  • @nolebloodedfarmer7445
    @nolebloodedfarmer7445 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    is buckwheat a pain with animals on pasture though? I have been trying to read up on it this week, seems alot of people are saying bad for sheep goats and cattle. Although this fall im thinking of putting buckwheat in as a cover crop/ green manure to mow down and try to revitalize and restore earth due to wind erosion.

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Buckwheat without the seed head on it would be good grazing

    • @nolebloodedfarmer7445
      @nolebloodedfarmer7445 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      ​@@gregjudyregenerativerancher Thank you for the information. Right now i have buckwheat testing on a manual fodder system to see how well it might do. Currently doing barley and holding off on peas and oats because i was wanting to sow peas and oats in the field come seeding time. half tempted to disc in buckwheat in fall and find something that will seed/germinate in the winter if i can or i might just crimp it down if i can without breaking soil and use it as a mulch barrier.

  • @feelnrite
    @feelnrite ปีที่แล้ว

    I wonder if they ate the hay? When you put out something you dont want them to eat, they eat it every time. Like putting a roll of hay in a ditch that they would not eat, in the ditch they clean it up.

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  ปีที่แล้ว

      If you put it in the ditch, it’s like we are going to eat it because we are not supposed to😊

  • @KerrickLong
    @KerrickLong 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    What do you use to clip the pasture? Brush hog?

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      So far we have not clipped this year. When we do clip it is with a brushog and we clip at 8-10" high.

  • @hangtoughhomestead2229
    @hangtoughhomestead2229 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    How do you correct PH, Lime? Do you soil test?

    • @davidhickenbottom6574
      @davidhickenbottom6574 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Earthworm castings are a 7 ph that's perfect. I'm using lime to jump start. I have no worms its an old pine forest.

  • @AnimeDreamingEcchi
    @AnimeDreamingEcchi 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What about cud weed ????

  • @rinaldomallyamov6308
    @rinaldomallyamov6308 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Super

  • @spidey-tron7827
    @spidey-tron7827 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Greg Judy's the most interesting man on TH-cam !!! Yet it's that clown the "Tiger King" and his circus life that's famous. This world's on the highway to hell .

  • @WendyAchatz
    @WendyAchatz 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Boy he really hates to see a little bare spot! 😊

  • @andylyon3867
    @andylyon3867 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Smokey old whitey by an other name. Those dogs have a bear size bite to bite bear on the mouth when the bear tries to bite.

  • @charmainevandiford6622
    @charmainevandiford6622 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I would just love to have one Dollar for every Person you have inspired to get out on the land and that life has to be better than working in a Paper mill. I want some land so I will have somewhere to hunt for Deer and Turkey. Might as well raise some cattle when I retire if I ever retire. Sometimes I think I will have to work up to Lunch time the day they bury me!

  • @jonmiller7181
    @jonmiller7181 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    If you could have, but don't want extra head of cattle then buy hay why are you not cutting your own hay!

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      We never cut or bale hay.

    • @jonmiller7181
      @jonmiller7181 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@gregjudyregenerativerancher yes I was asking why not if you have extra grazing at peak growing why not cut your own hay to either save buying or sell surplus for added income?

    • @gregjudyregenerativerancher
      @gregjudyregenerativerancher  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Selling hay off your farm is a great way to bankrupt your soil. We buy hay from hay contractors, they have the machinery to put it up, we don't. It is always more economical to buy hay than to bale it.