Solubility and Multi-Solute Solutions
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ก.ย. 2024
- I give an intuitive explanation as to what actually happens when something dissolves what happens when solutions contain more than one dissolved substance.
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Even the thumbnail dissolving
Sean finally i thought it was me only
Thumbnail missing from thumbnail
Ive seen this on other videos aswell
thumbnail got crispy
Idk why the glitching is so creepy to me
When it comes to dissolving things, there are no problems, only solutions
I’m going to steal this joke and tell it to my friends at the bar and the library
That feels like a breaking bad motto.
I texted it to my mom who will really like it. Update, she did 👍
What about the problem of neutralizing your 22 M lye solution you used to dissolve the bodies? Asking for a friend.
Andy's Acknowledgements Is love to show my mom buts she never finished high school
*Handle radioactive mercuric acid barehanded*
"Oh boy, better suit up before handling that marker. Wait, what's my writing hand again ?"
I don't have any friends because they are ashamed of the videos I upload. Are they really that bad, dear qee
AxxL They are terrible. There is a reason why no one wants to watch your videos. Commenting on videos asking to watch them only works so much.
@@AxxLAfriku Cringe af lol. Your videos belong on tik tok not TH-cam
@@AxxLAfriku
Axxl. Don't go away mad. JUST GO AWAY! Simple. Problem solved.
Yes report him spam !
Bond Villain Check List:
1)Has a secret base/lair ✅
2)Knows a lot about science ✅
3)Owns radioactive materials ✅
4)Has cat draped over shoulders ✅
Cody=Bond villain confirmed.
I love how you wear your cat as a scarf :)
I love how that cat uses a human as a pillow. :)
Cat is warmer than a scraf , and we didn't see any problems.
Acceptable face covering
He stole it
I love that Cody exists
19:20 this is hilarious, doing all of the mixing of chemicals, including hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, with your bare hands, but putting on gloves to do the dirty work. Absolutely genious.
Wait, when did he mix in NaOH?
@@GRBtutorials in other videos
When you're doing math, you gotta get your CrafsMan vibe on!
Cody, while I may be your chronological elder, you've taught me so much, and reminded me of so much, and rekindled my love of science over these last few years. I cannot thank you enough for this wonderful gift you gave given me.
Cody: Squirts hydrochloric acid into a test tube on a shaky egg carton back with bare hands.
Also Cody: Puts on gloves to write with a Sharpie.
So that's why a recrystalization works to purify possibly contaminated chemicals... Cool!
As long as you know what contaminants you have there are a lot of solutes which are more or at least not much less compatible with each other in solid form (especially with organic chemistry)
It is one or the reasons it is a good idea to do your kinetics etc well when designing a reaction sequence for production. Even when you don’t immediately get a set of ions dropping out like Codie showed.
And why you get some really different rocks forming under different pressure and temperature regimes.
Only at a huge loss of yield, you're better off using different solvents and ionizing your side reactants with acids if your product doesn't have a protonation site and extracting with water. Much less loss than crystals in ionic solution (but yes, makes it quite pure after the 2nd re-crystallization).
You have such a fundamental level understanding of chemistry and physics, that's why you can explain everything so well!
More time travelers!
Hes making it up as he goes along...
It feels like introductory chemistry but in a more friendly and understandable way. Also it's nice hearing cody talk and explain things :)
@@stickemuppunkitsthefunlovi4733 learn chemistry peasant
@@Slouworker I did. Its cody that needs to...
Indeed, the trick to understanding this is to realize that salts in solution are no longer salts, but separate ions. If you dissolve more than one salt, you’ll have a mixture of different ions. Depending on the amount of dissolved ions and how strongly they interact (as you explained, it’s a question of equilibrium), some of them might precipitate out, forming whichever salt is the result of the combination.
I was disappointed that this was not part of the argument. Also, the water is really H+ ions and OH- ions floating around.
Take it back -- he got to it eventually.
Great explanation
@@Digital-Dan "the water is really H+ ions and OH- ions floating around" is it because H2O is a bipolar molecule?
fun fact: when you dissolve a salt in water, the volume of the solution rarely adds up to the volume of salt+ water due to the salt pulling the water closer together than it would be otherwise, some salts like sodium hydroxide (at concentrations less than about 1M/liter ) attract the water strongly enough to completely negate their own volume and cause the solution to have a volume less than the original water even.(difference is fairly small, of the order 1/1000 decrease in volume)
thus you can technically create a solution of salt and water that has more than 100% water by volume :D
This implies that solubility should vary under pressure, similarly to the way it varies under temperature. It's probably a very tiny effect though due the the extremely low compressability of liquids.
@@benjaminmiller3620 Solubility absolutely varies under pressure. That is why soda bottles must be pressurized.
@@KaitouKaiju gas solubility. Solid in liquid (or liquid in liquid) are less obvious.
I've heard that regular table salt (NaCl) added to water decreases the water's volume.
Cody made a video about that 5 years ago.
Thanks for another example to show my father when trying to convince him, that stuff from the internet is not only luminum hat rubbish.
like those people who think the earth is round, completely out of their minds
@@luisgeniole369 How should a 3-dimensional confinement the size of the earth hold a whole underground civilisation? 3D is an illusion.
@@luisgeniole369 Ikr? it's well know to be the shape of a velociraptor.
Wow, I've wondered about if a saturated solution could hold more of a solute of a different kind. I just assumed the answer was no. That first experiment is pretty mind blowing.
Did you think of taking advantage of this back when you were making super heavy liquids? Maybe you did and I've forgotten
Yes, Cody took advantage of that. He also talked about this in the video.
11:00
I tried hard to figure this out (Google, no connections to chemists or daring to try to contact them, past that now) some 15 years ago. Now I know. This is awesome.
Math part: Cody alternates writing hands and looks ambisinistrous :P
Looks what
Ambidextrous?
@@grunglr Clumsy with both hands.
@@howeyyadoing9070 Means able to use both hands for writing for example. Instead of being only right handed an ambidextrous person can write with both hands
@@FullMetalAtheist read the op. It doesn't say ambidextrous. Howey was correcting him.
That cat has grown to be so adorable, good job! That's a chilll boi to be able to sit on your shoulders so happily, he trusts you like very few cats trust anyone.
Not sure if he's chilling there, considering the angry tail swing..
I clicked this video expecting something similar to partial gas pressure, and was not disappointed. Absolutely mind blown !
Cute cat. Always enjoy your videos!
I've been watching NileRed so much that I was thinking "not settled out, crystallized" and "oh, don't put the wire in there! Pull a vacuum on it through some celite to purify the solute!"
This 20min video taught me more than a week of Ionic Equilibrium lectures in high school. Thanks!
I struggled with this a while ago when I was growing salt crystals, I prepared a saturated solution of table salt, and for the seed crystal I decided to use a crystal from a run I did about a year prior, however even thouhg the solution was saturated, and I checked multiple times, the seed crystal kept dissolving.
Then I remembered that back in the previous run, the salt I used had yieded some unusual looking crystals, which rather than the usual cube shape, were elongated prisms. At the time I thought thi could bave been result of contamination of the solution by leaving it outside my window but now I am pretty sure that was not normal salt.
Table salt may also contains iodine.
This is one of the best explanations I came across concerning this topic. Now I understand Multi-Solute Solutions and if cleared my concept of percipitating stuff out of solutíon.
Thank you so much.
Best chemistry class I've ever had.
Question: How practical, if at all possible, would be a chemical method (based on the principles shown here) to desalinate seawater?
If you inject chlorine gas at high pressure into the salt water it should nock out some of the salt. Then by lowing he pressure you can remove the chlorine. I think it could be more efficient but the issue with dealing with chlorine gas would probably erase any Benifit.
@@theCodyReeder Thanks, Cody!!!
Easily one of the best explanations for solubility i have ever seen!
me watching codys lab: wow cody has a nice cat.
My brain: its a codycat
Third channel confirmed
Cody'sCatLab.
@@MmeHyraelle Cody'sCat'sLab! 😼😺
Between this video and the different gasses in balloons video, you give a really good understanding to how averages of random particle motion adds up to be what we see at a macroscopic scale. Great videos!
The thumbnail seems to be of a badly compressed frame, you might want to change it
But thanks for the vid, I was thinking about this recently, the periodic table of videos did a video about an argon balloon deflating because the argon was dissolving through the rubber
The thumbnail has personality
I believe the fact that that occurred was his reason for selecting that one, if I have any idea how Cody's mind works at all.
I made sure to take a screenshot of it on my phone lol
When I saw the thumbnail I thought the image was dissolving but now that I have watched the video I realize it is actually crystalizing.
Well done, Cody.
-Chaos
I think I saw a preview version of this on Twitter, and now it blew my mind again. This really is an intuitive explanation for something that is not really intuitive of itself. Great video Cody!
While I have no use for this content, I have watched regularly for years!
A smarter person with a basic chemistry understanding and need, undoubtedly benefited from "your ramblings". I am (as always) intrigued and entertained.
Well done sir!😁
Please keep these types of videos coming this is why I started watching your channel.
Dude, how caffeinated are you? I've had a lot of pure caffeine in my life and that handwriting looks familiar lol
lol yea he said in another comment about his hands shaking that he needed a lot of caffeine to get up the energy to film this. It didn't help that he was trying to write on a crinkled up piece of fabric, he had nothing to push against to steady his writing. That legendarily bad writing, even for Cody :D
he also kept switching hands while writing
It’s adderall bro .. he’s on adderall
You have no idea how much I love this video. As a kid I asked my chemistry teacher if you could dissolve other things, like sugar, in water that was already saturated with salt. He just looked at me and said: "Why don't you try it yourself?" ...I did, and I could dissolve sugar even if the water was "full" of salt. Never got an answer to why and I've been wondering about it ever since. That was over 30 years ago and now I finally know why. :) Thank you.
Cody: *gets out hydrochloric acid*
Cody's cat: 😻
Ok, I've never heard solubility being explain this well before.
Bravo, Professor Cody.
(NH4)SO4 + 2 NaCl => Na2SO4 + 2 NH4Cl
NaOH > NH4OH Sodium is stronger as ammonia
H2SO4 > HCl Sulfuric acid is stronger as hydrochloric acid
yeh made same comment as I think he is wrong at this one :)
even tho i'd been watching a ton of your's and nilered's videos over the last half year or so, and i understood the basics (IE you do this and this happens), this really clarified what was actually going on. Thank you for this video, and all the work you do.
Dissolving is more like sublimating than melting, because the dissolved particles move pretty freely from each other like a gas
Thank's Cody, always something interesting! I like the eclectic mix of your videos. I always find out something new but then I'm just a 70-year old kid. Keep them coming.
I Feel That Cody's Radioactivity Had effected The Thumbnail In A Nice Way
the analogy with the magnets was fantastic, you would make a great teacher
I understand it as: "How much volume do you need hold a mix of 1 litre of dried peas and 1 litre of dried rice."
kind of? the analogy works better for the alcohol in water demonstration
1.5l ......... The rice absorbs that amount to be fully cooked by which time the peas are held in place by cooked rice!
Your peas will be bullets still though .... you need to soak them overnight ;0)
Every time you release a chemistry video, it is always so darn great. I love learning things that make you think about the world differently.
0:06 That's a great cat!
Wrong time stamp it's 0:06
Cody plays with magnets for 20 minutes. I learnt some chemistry. Well done!
Hey cody hope you are okay!
Your hand writing and hand shaking worried me a little bit are you okay?
I had a lot of caffeine in my system while filming. 🤷♂️
@@theCodyReeder the tremors worried me too, but if they only happen on high doses of caffeine, that's less worry some. Keep looking out for number 1 brother, no one else will. I love your content and I'm glad your doing better mentally. Keep on doing the next right thing for yourself man!
@@theCodyReeder finally the thing that really worried me appeared in the comments! It's great to know you are fine, man!
And the video was great, of course, thanks for your lessons!
In need of potassium! Love your gardening projects, mars/build homestead project and your treeplanting. Take care!
13:20 Thanks Cody! TFW I finally understand re-crystallization as a purification process that Nile does pretty often on his channel :-) - it's great to see you teach us some chemistry, AIUI you have plenty to say on the subject!
EDIT: Oh wow and that last bit with the alcohol explains how "crashing" something out of solution works, and also why it's a "lossy" process (you're still managing an equilibrium, just balancing it on the side you want)! Excellent!
21:28 I love how you write Cl as [l and add the bracket in front of it to make it [Cl. I wonder how that worked in your head. Did you notice it at the time?
i majored in chemistry and i never really understood solubility this intuitively until your explanation. thanks and well done!
After hearing the explanation of magnets:
Me: not exactly
Cody (2 sec later): well, not exactly
I am subscribed with notifications enabled. Never got a notification nor a recommendation in the timeline. Weird... Thanks for all you do!!
I see cody I click
I really liked the explanation and the final demo of altering the solvent mix. I had wondered why adding ice water to a solution in hot alcohol caused it to precipitate so quickly. I had both lowered the solubility by lowering the temperature and spread out the solvent. Now I begin to understand.
19:15 if wearing gloves while doing harmless tasks wasn't an intended joke before it sure is now ;)
That was a pretty easily understood explanation. It actually answered a question I’ve had for a long time.
Wow that's almost like partial pressures, but with salts
Glad to see you upload! Long time fan/sub self isolating in Halifax! Needed this !
is it just me or does the thumbnail look... interesting?
Yeah i got some sort of compression artifacts on it
The experiments dissolved the very fabric of reality. Cody survives unharmed though, because Cody.
It's all the plutonium and uranium he has laying around
Don't play with magnets near your computer?
your videos make my life better, never stop being awesome cody
I love how you break down the science in a way that even my brain can understand, I wish I had you as a teacher back in the day, then I would have understood how fun it actually is! I would have been a geek for sure!
I almost failed chemistry and physics due to teachers that couldn´t explain anything in a way that my Autistic brain could understand, but you, I´m just sitting here, nodding, everything makes sense :) you make things so clear :D 💜
Not that I have any need for this type of knowledge, but I love to learn how things works and why, geek at heart I guess lol
So thank you for taking the time to share your knowledge and explaining it in a foolproof way :D
this one needs to be watched a few times to really get it thanks for doing this
The thumbnail's a bit messed up by compression Cody.
I dont have my glasses on and thought he'd finally done something to his hands
@@ImNotACatLawyerButIPlayOneOnTV Robot hands ain't so bad -- if you pick a dominant hand, you could totally use one of the thumbs as an actual thumb drive.
ur videos are the type I love, no cringey pandering only interesting shit ya know keep up the good work
19:30 So how much coffee did you drink today?
welcome back Mr Donn .. i've been thru almost all your vids. Please do more. :)
So could you theoretically dissolve an infinite amount of different kind of salts in a liter of water or is there a limit?
I assume at some point things will start to react and fall out of solution. But if you somehow managed to get an infinite amount of unreactive salts, would they all dissolve in just a liter of water?
Seems like it. Another way of creating a black hole.
You are basically explaining chemical equilibrium in the last part and in the first part about the partition law of solvent extraction and its very intuitively done !!
could you make a video teaching us how to turn cats into scarfs?
You might want to clarify that the cats must not be harmed during the process! 😼😺
This is an amazing explanation and demonstration. Cleared up something I had a lot of trouble understanding.,
Why are your hands so shaky?
I had quite a lot of caffeine to give myself the energy to film this.
@@theCodyReeder that doesnt sound very healthy. If you need a break you can take one
@@theCodyReeder Yeah Cody, you can take a break if you need a break. We'll all still be here. Please take care.
@Cody'sLab no rest for the wicked. Its warm and plants r sure to grow. I wanna see the base progress.
@@murderyoutubeworkersandceos My dude, really?
I just remembered learning these in high school's AP chemistry. It has been a few years and the knowledge starts to fade away. Thanks for helping me refreshing these knowledge!
Subhanallahi Wa Bihamdihi Subhanallahil Adheem | All glory is to Allah and all praise to him. Glorified is Allah, the great. ☝🏻
I see a glitched thumbnail.
Lucas 'Ktulu789' me too
@@Ktulu789 same
I dislike comments that change so bad (OP)
All glory is to God almighty! Repent to Jesus Christ!
Glad to see another Cody's lab video! It's been a while and I was getting worried.
Yall remember when cody str8 up showed us how to make nitroglycerin?
Heck with that, were you lucky enough to catch the Uranium Purification before it got pulled?
You took me back to college chemistry class. Thank you great video enjoyed it very much!
29°C is room temperature?
Where is this room located? Hell?
Utah
That's only 84°F. That's not that hot. It's only about 6°F off of what people usually cool their homes to.
Florida when the AC breaks in summer
Nice demonstration, and clear explanation. Thanks for this!
So if I can ignore 1 dissolved substance when calculating how much of another substance can be dissolved.. Does that continue regardless of how many different dissolved substances there are? Like, if I took 1000 different chemicals and dissolved them into water, would that water still be able to dissolve as much NaCl as de-ionized distilled water?
I just feel like there would be a limit to how much 'stuff' can be dissolved based on the surface area of a water molecule, surely there comes a point where every water molecule is stuck to something and has no more room?
If you find 1000 chemicals which do not fall out. You could disolve untill you dont have enouth water left to form a hydrationshell around the ions.
it also depends how the dissolved solids interact with each other
this is known as an "ideal law" (a law which states an ideal scenario), just like the ideal gas law: the ideal gas law states that the pressure of a given gas is equal to the literal sum of the pressures contributed by each molecule in it (as if they totally ignore one another). this breaks down at higher pressures and with more gasses- but the specific way it is wrong is well known and can be accounted for. The same is true with the salts, assuming you can find that many unique mutually nonreactive salts.
I've missed these demonstration type videos -- thanks for this explanation!
With the last thumbnail and this one, I really thing Cody is testing the algorithm again.
Very good video! It answers questions I wondered about for a long time but I never looked up the answers. Thanks a lot!
I like your test tube stand and your maths protection. I am a big fan ;)
Greetings from Germany.
Hah, i saw Cody’s really shaky handwriting and became concerned. Wait, have i ever noticed Cody being left handed? Nope. Got me :).
he’s ambidextrous
Half of the time Cody is a mad scientist, half of the time he's a super-hippie and sometimes he's just both at the same time
Last time I was this early Cody was still mining.
Cody: round and square magnets
Mr. Pedantic: cylindrical and rectangular parallelepipedic magnets
Well I love how you simplify a lot of this. Would make a great teacher. But heck you already are a teacher. Just on youtube. Thank you cody for all you do!
Love to see you understand the need for mathematical PPE. Its to often overlooked on TH-cam.
26 years ago i wondered about this and asked my Chemistry teacher. I got no answer.
With all due respect, I very highly doubt it. It's junior high school chemistry.
Great video. Makes you wonder how many different salts you can dissolve until saturation in one common solution without bumping in new less soluble salts forming or some other thing that will cause salts to drop out of solution.
What is up with that thumbnail though
It’s the one TH-cam automatically chose, I haven’t bothered uploading a better one yet.
@@theCodyReeder Guess TH-cam wanted to be funny and dissolved the magnets representing different salts. Great video man, enjoyed every minute of it!
@@theCodyReeder I like the thumbnail! It's InTeReStInG! xD
This video is very helpful to visualise and explain the similarities and differences between melting and dissolving. Thanks !
I muted the video twice thinking I forgot the water tap open :)
Thank you for explaining this. I always wondered why purification by crysyallization worked
19:25 [Left hand] 21:20 [Right hand] Cody handwriting looks like someone who has Parkinson (I'm worried for his health) He is shaking quite often
he did blow his mind..
He's right handed (shown in Moon Shine vs Moon Block?) but he's writing with his left hand in this video. So it's not parkinsons, maybe he's doing an experiment
To be frank, he is writing with his left hand. Not sure if he is left or right handed though.
@@mikeyd007 an experiment with 3fpm XD
I was about to argue that it looks pretty much the same when i myself try to write with my non dominate hand... until i saw that he switches to his other hand and again it looks nearly as bad as before. So you actually might be on to something...
Great explanation, Cody. Love your chemistry videos!
Cody, thank you for your videos and explanations, great as always
Fantastic explanations. Can't say much else, good job.
enjoyable rambles none the less. thats the best thing about your videos. and the originality.
Close up chemistry on a lumberjacks lap. Always interesting and informative.
best explanation ever! wish i had a chemistry teacher like you.
This video made me feel smart.
Great explanation Codes.