*NOTES/CORRECTIONS* - Channel memberships are here! I'm only allowing 99¢ memberships because I'd prefer that people go through Patreon, but I understand why some people might not want to sign up for yet another service (especially due to the App Store's recent decision to gouge both of us). If you have any ideas for custom badges and emojis for me to design, feel free because I haven't come up with any yet.
@@joeessig3550 No, see that's the joke. Usually when people say "Keep tryin' Einstein" they're not actually referring to Einstein. _(I'll admit, saying Jesus is the most famous Jew might annoy people who don't believe Jesus ever existed, but then again I've never seen Einstein in person either.)_
@@Cannon530YT Jesus did exist, no serious historian disputes that. The fact that you mention the doubt is telling, but it’s ultimately about as meaningful a criticism of Judaism by saying “no one knows if Moses existed”--at a certain point it doesn’t matter, you’re being obtuse. Frankly, people doubt the reality of Socrates but it doesn’t change Plato’s dialogues that fundamentally make Socrates real.
@@Cannon530YT Also, I’m talking about the channel creator, not you. It’s this idealistic account of Jewish history, without the necessary caveats and comparisons that non-ethnocentric historians give. It’s his prerogative, obviously, but it’s pretty saccharine content that pretends to be objective
Sam, I am a casual student of history, and I'm becoming a student of our shared history - something I was a bit too shy to learn. Your videos are a joy because they are thoughtful and easy to understand. Keep up the good work. Shabbat Shalom.
@joeessig3550 What do you mean by "true Jews", because the Jewish stay Jewish whatever they believe in, with a defined tribal root, meaning they're also an ethnic group, while in the Christian faith believers are just granted in (Romans 11).
@@zjzr08 Christianity is also a de facto ethnic group, it’s a total misunderstanding to think Jews are the only people who have a racial/genetic component. The French are very particular Catholics, distinct genetically and culturally from Anglo Church members. Judaism has been very much developing in tandem and in response to Christianity and Christian cultures. Jews of today don’t have direct cultural continuity from Moses. The most “hardcore” Jews dress up like 19th century Europeans. Many American Jews don’t even believe in god and are functionally just liberals (of course, liberalism can be considered radical Protestantism, based on how it historically developed). I’m sorry, it’s kind of annoying for Jews to claim all these specialized categories when they really aren’t that unique. Anyways, Old Testament stories predate the existence of “the Jewish faith”, everything is much more syncretic and less ethno-centric than many Jews claim.
@@zjzr08 there isn’t one genetic source of Jews, there are so many different branches. If you share most of your genetics with Europeans, it’s irritating to say “oh sorry I’m a direct descendant of Moses”. Just so much ethnonarcissism. There is no such thing as a pure German, there’s no such thing as a pure Jew. Many Jews (religious or secularized) are supremacists who are happy to consider themselves “the Chosen people”. That’s actually kind of lame and unethical!
@@basedsavage4793I'm an Arab Muslim with 2 Gazan Nephews. This isn't about our Palestinian people or emotionalism. It is about trying to find a permanent solution, wherein there is, ensured, deep compensation, which we may use to secure our children and grandchildren's prosperity. For thousands of years the ethno-religious claims of Jews, and the religious claims of Christians and Muslims upon the area of the 'Holy Land' has produced endless conflict. With annihilation-ist genocide by European Christians, followed shortly thereafter by expulsion (despite being non-Zionist) of Middle Eastern and North African Jews by Muslim Arabs, Jews came to the conclusion that the only solution was to return to their original homeland from which their ancestors had been expelled. Jews are indigenous to the land, at least 95% have proven DNA genealogical origins in the land of Israel/Palestine. After the Jews' expulsion by Pagan occupiers, Arabs moved in, they, along with Arab settlers, Arabised then Islamised the remaining people, who became the ancestors of what we now call Arab Palestinians. Now you have two populations indigenous to one piece of land, the Holy Land. Only through the renunciation of violence towards unarmed civilians, as well as through negotiation, may we achieve what I consider to be the dream scenario: i.e. A democratic, secular Palestinian Arab State, compensated through reparations payments, within a settled two-state solution. To hell with the extremists, long live the ideal of peace and our children's prosperity.
last time I was this early, I was still studying in the Hebrew University, and that's because I finally got my letter of finishing studying for my degree in the Email yesterday. And throughout my studies all this years I would be watching your videos. how times fly.
Ford was working for the jews even when he published his infamous book. He wanted to ramp up antisemitism to strengthen the need in jews to emigrate to palestine. He was the member of the detroit palestine lodge for 50 years.
@@DrVictorVasconcelos because Henry Ford was whipping up antisemitism to help the zionists move more of jewry to palestine. He was the member of the palestine lodge of detroit for 50 years.Ford did what he did in favour of jewry.
Great video. Completely off-topic, but last week Brazil's most famous Jew, Silvio Santos (born Senor Abravanel, changed his name later in life), died. A man who revolutionized Brazilian television and a direct descendent of Isaac Abrabanel from your expulsion of the Spanish Jews video. If you ever do a "Jews in Brazil" or "Jews in South America" video, he is 100% of the guys you need to at least mention.
My family came from Mexico City, and I had NO idea that Tel Aviv's expansion was based on Mexico City! What a point of pride for both Nations. Thank you Sam, you always provide such amazing information, thank you!
Great episode Sam! It rings close to home: My wife wrote her masters' thesis in literature on the work and ideas of De Haan. And Geddes' work on Tel Aviv has been an inspiration to me as an urban planner. Looking forward to the next episode.
Jabotinsky wrote a whole lot about his love of Italy, Italian model of democracy, reunification, Italian leaders such as Mazzini, Garibaldi, Giusti. He spent many years in Italy, and spoke fluent Italian. It was Italy that was his main model. He wrote many brilliant articles, which are currently almost forgotten (which is very sad; they are very pertinent and need to be reprinted). It is the one article that is not written so well -- "The Iron Wall" -- that is still argued about. Exactly because it is so unclear, so everyone sees in it either their own position or the position one fights against.
Can you elaborate more? I think Italy was only somewhat of a democracy between 1912 and 1922/23?, and the first world war doesn't really count, so that's interesting. Before 1912 it didn't have universal male suffrage, after 1922/23? it had fascism (gross exagguration but you get the idea), and the italian system throughout this short period was chaotic, had to deal with the pressures of war, was infamously corrupt and subject to political pressure by various groups, was under the domination of Giovanni Giolitti, experienced several revolving doors of governance, had a nascent clerical movement that would become the christian democracy in the post-ww2 era, had a colonial empire, it's constitution allocated the monarchy extensive powers (even if before fascism it was customary not to use them) and the country suffered from significant union-related violence and strikes in the bienno rosso only for the facsists to emerge as a reaction to it. That's me describing italy from circa 1900 to 1923, so I really would like to know what Jabotinsky found inspiring in the political system and conditions.
Very accurate historical videos. One inaccuracy that I noticed is that under the mandate, Arab peasants could not be evicted from land purchased from the landowners. They had to be signed to a separate agreement in the process they had to be financially compensated for their rights to work the land. See " hakeren odena kayemet" by Musa goldenberg. He purchased land on behalf of the KKL in the twenties and thirties.
Really great and informative video! I notice you often focus on left wing politics, and in my opinion you overlook right wing Zionism, religious Zionism, and the haredi old yishuv. Would love to see more attention to what's happening in that side of the Jewish world, in Palestine and abroad. Thank you!
I note you didn't mention poland once in this video; despite half of the 4th aliyah arriving from poland; and that it was the situation in poland that contributed significantly to the aliyah (along with that in the US). The 4th aliyah is sometimes even called עליית גרבסקי, after the prime minister of poland; Władysław Grabski. this feels like a pretty big thing to leave out; will it be discussed at some point?
You finally reached 1925! That was the year my grandma was born. She was a social studies teacher and I wish I could show her your videos. Great as always!
This should be required viewing for anyone and everyone discussing modern narrative around Israel/Palestine. Really well done -- it almost serves as a Spark Notes for this series.
Yeah… based on this series so far I’m starting to think that 1929 was probably the REAL start of the conflict. Violent incidents in 1920 and 1921 were generally just local clashes that didn’t really lead to anything, while 1929 led to waves of Arab violence that never went away
@@navetal oh, undeniably so. You see many people in the comments bemoaning the demise of binationalism seemingly oblivious to why and how it failed. The Hevron pogrom revealed this as fantasy and put an end to its claim to present a credible alternative to zionism. It didn't matter how old or well-integrated urban Jewish communities were, the Muslim-Christian Associations were perfectly willing to massacre them and the British were totally unable to prevent it.
Another banger! If in the future, probably ten years from now, you run out of ideas for videos, I'd love to see a video on the history of Minnesotan Jews.
Love the video, it's a more forgiving view of Jabotinski than I would have expected. Some of his other writings I had read were much more patronizing of his arab neighbors
@SamAronow Thank you, Sam Aronow, for making this informative video. The video helped explain how the events you described are linked to what is going on now in Israel and Palestine. I am looking forward to seeing your next video. ~Mackyle Wotring
What i get from the first three aliyahs is that the idea of aliyah to eretz yisrael was somewhat popular among jews of the time, but not the practice. And the practical aspects like quality of life, lack of running water and electricity were more of an obstacle than ideological aversion to zionism as some would like to claim (no beccah, if your great grampa actually had a problem living on land stolen from natives he would have actually more likely came to israel instead of america). To me it sounds like how even before the war, if you asked the averge israeli living in Central israel if more israelis should move to the negev and the Galilee, either to relieve popualtion density in the center or to establish a clearer jewish majority in these regions, the most people would say yes, but if you asked them if THEY would move out of the center, the answer from most would have been no even before last october. And with the center having a higher quality of life , better hospitals, and relative security, most israeli jews living in those regions either are or descend from people with an ideological bend to one way or the other who have strong belief in the importance of living there ideologically, or low income families who were brought there by the government in the refugee crises of the 50s and the 90s and didnt have much of a say in where they would live
Oh, I don't think it was ideological at all. It was simply a failure to even consider the personhood of those who "didn't matter" to "developed" society. Hannah Arendt may have been wrong about her specific example but evil really does tend to be banal.
As far as the ideology of those who care about it went, you can see in this video that the majority of it really was typical left-colonist mindset. "These poor peasants are being oppressed and have no agency, we should take over everything to save them."
39:40 oh no… 39:50 OH NO I know this is history so spoiler warnings are redundant, but knowing what I do an Henry Ford, Im very nervous about the next episode lol
that's the period my family first started coming here they were Hasidic Zionists and Industrialists and were founders of modern Kiryat Atta it is interesting that while today the area is very urban back than it was mostly Bedouin controlled despite being right next to Haifa
Jabotinsky had a much more realistic grasp of the political situation. The binationalists seemed to have been engaging in a lot of well, magical thinking. Yitzhak Ben-Zvi's writings in particular were not what I'd call evidence based. Even if we assume that the majority of Palestinian Arabs were not politicized yet, the elites were and the majority of the Palestinian Arabs were going to go in their direction rather than towards Jewish leadership.
Jabotinsky's followers of various ilks won and still run Israel. The Netanyahu name being mentioned in this video was no accident. Revisionist Zionism was the underpinning of the Irgun and the Stern Gang, which fought the British and cleared out Palestinians post Mandate. They evolved into Herut, which evolved into Likud, and they are still in power.
I believe I've spotted a small oversight: at 8:20 you used Nahalal as an example for a Moshav, but Nahalal was founded in 1921 during the Third Aliya, not the Fourth Aliya. This also goes against the framing of the movement as a 4th-Aliya innovation. Did you mean to say that the movement got a lot more support during the 4th, or is it just something that you missed in the 3rd Aliya's video and correct now?
It's not something I missed so much as something I needed to save for later because, although it originated in the Third Aliyah, it's more relevant to _this_ discussion as part of the economic/political diversification of the Yishuv.
I found one of my great-great grandmothers on Ancestry. She was born in the same shtetl as David Ben Gurion - Plonsk. She was born in 1872, and he was born in 1886. There's a story in my family that one of my Litvish ancestors arrived here because they were driven out in a pogrom. Nobody in the family could remember who, but I always wonder if it might have been great-great grandma Dwore from Plonsk. Does anyone know if Plonsk was ever subjected to a pogrom? The story in my family was that horse mounted soldiers showed up and told everyone that at sunset the houses of the Jews would have their windows and doors nailed shut and then set on fire - and it was up to the inhabitants whether they were inside the houses or outside of them, anywhere else, when the fires were lit. I think another possibility is that my family just watched Fiddler too many times.
One question i've had for a while also is, how did Acre get thrown into the israel/palestine bunch? It wasn't ancient israel or judea, nor philistian (but phoenicia, and later roman syria/phoenicia), and it did become a part of crusader Jerusalem, but so were tyre and sidon So what's up with acre? (Also i've been looking into what the roman province of Palestine actually looked like - i was under the impression that it got divided randomly by the romans, but it actually made quite a lot of sense with the region's history - if anyone reading this, 1st palestine was made of judea, samaria, idumæa and peræa, plus all of the former city states on the coast. 2nd palestine comprised the galilee, plus the part of the decapolis that judea had once held. 3rd palestine, created much later from the southern part of the arabia province, was most of ancient nabatea including the negev, sinai, and what had once been moab. The rest of the province of arabia was roughly philip's ituræa tetrarchy (southern syria), plus the rest of the decapolis, and bits of nabatea in ancient ammon. However the golan got detached from this and attached to phoenicia, which included also acre in the south and went up to tartus in the north.
Acre was the seat of the Ottoman Sanjak of Acre, which was roughly coterminous with the entire Galilee. In terms of physical geography, Acre is part of the Bay of Haifa with direct links to the various Galilean valleys, whereas it's fully cut off from Lebanon by the mountains marking the modern border. Under the Romans, the distinction made sense because there were still cultural and political vestiges of the Phoenician city states, but obviously by the modern era no such distinctions between coast and inland existed.
I just saw how long the video is and immediately pressed like 😂 im sure it will be great information and content as always ❤❤❤🎉🎉 Thank you for your hard work!
For the latter, at first I also felt almost shocked, but then realized that eventually the populist, proto-fascist right wing won, if that didn't happen we'd probably see statements on the subjugation of Arabs by a majority Jewish population as simple bigotry. I'm not saying there would be no Arab nationalists being bigoted towards Jews, but rather that a pluralistic state was very much a possibility, and unfortunately we instead got what we got.
@@MaryamMaqdisi I doubt this so called pluralistic state would be sustainable in the long term. Most Mizrahi's will tell you that Arab bigotry towards Jews went far deeper than simple nationalist sentiment. That bigotry was based on faith and race, which means it would have been insurmountable regardless of leadership. That is not to say that the populist should have won. Bigotry does not inevitably lead to populism, but radicalism certainly does.
@@MaryamMaqdisi Although the Zionists were rather inept in their approach to Jewish-Arab collaboration, there was a genuine shift toward pluralism in Arab politics due to economic shifts and Plumer's democratization of local politics that led to the Nashashibi clan winning public favor over the Husseinis. Amin al-Husseini's effort to regain popularity will be covered extensively in the next video.
@@SamAronow Herzliya be like "nope". I found in my parents house a letter my great aunt wrote in the 1930's when she was vacationing in Raanana. She lived in Rosh Pina at the time and the house she grew in is literally a guesthouse today. How the times have changed.
Have you read Israeli historian Gur Alroey's books on the first three aliyahs? His main thesis is that most Jewish immigrants to Israel/Palestine were essentially no different than Jewish immigrants elsewhere and were mainly looking for escape from persecution and an ability to earn a living rather than face anti-Semitic discrimination. Most were not ideological Zionists and couldn't care less if a Jewish state emerged. Now I don't think this would have really mattered much for preventing a conflict because the low population level would make even moderate Jewish immigrant have a big demographic impact and political change but it is an interesting point.
Great video. Can you do a video on the Turkish influence on Ben Gurion. He studied law in Istanbul, learned Turkish, and was heavily influenced by the policies of Ataturk - including policies to secularize Jews and 'modernize' them. I also feel that one cannot know Israel without knowing Turkey. Again - thanks. Hezy
From Wikipedia: "Trefa Banquet was an elegant ... dinner [featuring non-kosher foods] held on July 11, 1883 ... in honor of the first graduating class of Hebrew Union College ... and the delegates to the ... annual meeting of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations..."
Superb presentation of the continuing social / political of the Mandate period. The inclusion of de Haan sets up some of the intramural violence to come, and Ze'ev Jabotinsky's "Iron Wall" and his peace through strength philosophy foreshadows the next two decades in Palestine, the founding of Israel and even the more recent troubles with Gaza. Nice sly aside of Nathan Milikowsky who's descendants continue to use the Jabotinsky playbook.
Wonderful work as always @samaronow. One thing I’ve wondered is why the Palestine currency never had an image of the King or why immigrants to Palestine never had to swear allegiance to him. Was it simply because Palestine was a Mandate and technically not a part of the British Empire? How British was “British” Mandate Palestine?
@SamAronow I assume it acted more like a commonwealth where example the Philippines were under American control yet has its own president during that period?
If an average of 40,000 Jews were allowed in per year, from 1919-1949, they would have constituted a 60% majority in the entirety of the Mandate of Palestine upon gaining independence. No partition would have been necessary.
Does this include Transjordan or just Mandatory Palestine because the MP partition was made for the Arabs that basically wanted no Jews in their side (or I guess they'd have majority, but if that's the case, then I wonder why they didn't just accept the whole MP, seeing they'd be majority from that time from what I know?).
Thank you for this. It is so hard to find simplified and accurate history of this era. It's all thick tomes waffling on dryly. I can't stand that Martin Buber. He spouted a lot of nonsense
Actually right now there are zero chief rabbis in Israel because of politicking inside the rabbinate who couldn't elect a new one before the terms of the last ones expired. Two months now. Suspiciously, mort israelis didn't notice this change like that whole institution is irrelevant to their lives
Somehow, someway. A revival of binationalism might be our only hope for piece in the holy land. The problem rest on if such a revival of that idea is still even possible after the horrors that came from rejecting it
Binationalism was popular with a certain sort of intellectual. It is not that popular with most of the people Jewish or Arab. From a Palestinian Arab perspective then and now, the answer to rejecting binationalism is simple. They have the numbers both as Palestinians but also as an aggregate Arab or Muslim group and if they have the numbers, why should they give any official recognition or limit the connections they want to make because of the Jews?
De facto Israel right now is binational with different basic education systems that an Israeli can choose, either Jewish or Arab, plus the two don't mingle as much in their towns so their cultures are kinda isolated...it is an issue absorbing a mostly Arab Muslim population, which would undermine the state if they are the majority.
Were they really not aware that the policy of firing/evicting Arabs who were working the land was similar to the restrictions on black employment in South Africa that would later be part of the apartheid? Other sources say the goal was to strengthen the Jewish economy.
*NOTES/CORRECTIONS*
- Channel memberships are here! I'm only allowing 99¢ memberships because I'd prefer that people go through Patreon, but I understand why some people might not want to sign up for yet another service (especially due to the App Store's recent decision to gouge both of us). If you have any ideas for custom badges and emojis for me to design, feel free because I haven't come up with any yet.
Jesus is the most famous Jew.
_(Keep tryin' Einstein!)_
There's something about you that's contemptible and un-selfaware
@@joeessig3550 No, see that's the joke.
Usually when people say "Keep tryin' Einstein" they're not actually referring to Einstein.
_(I'll admit, saying Jesus is the most famous Jew might annoy people who don't believe Jesus ever existed, but then again I've never seen Einstein in person either.)_
@@Cannon530YT Jesus did exist, no serious historian disputes that. The fact that you mention the doubt is telling, but it’s ultimately about as meaningful a criticism of Judaism by saying “no one knows if Moses existed”--at a certain point it doesn’t matter, you’re being obtuse. Frankly, people doubt the reality of Socrates but it doesn’t change Plato’s dialogues that fundamentally make Socrates real.
@@Cannon530YT Also, I’m talking about the channel creator, not you. It’s this idealistic account of Jewish history, without the necessary caveats and comparisons that non-ethnocentric historians give. It’s his prerogative, obviously, but it’s pretty saccharine content that pretends to be objective
Sam, I am a casual student of history, and I'm becoming a student of our shared history - something I was a bit too shy to learn. Your videos are a joy because they are thoughtful and easy to understand.
Keep up the good work. Shabbat Shalom.
Do you actually believe in God or are you just a secular ethnic Jew? Meaningful difference. God Bless the true Israel.
@joeessig3550 What do you mean by "true Jews", because the Jewish stay Jewish whatever they believe in, with a defined tribal root, meaning they're also an ethnic group, while in the Christian faith believers are just granted in (Romans 11).
@@zjzr08 Christianity is also a de facto ethnic group, it’s a total misunderstanding to think Jews are the only people who have a racial/genetic component. The French are very particular Catholics, distinct genetically and culturally from Anglo Church members.
Judaism has been very much developing in tandem and in response to Christianity and Christian cultures. Jews of today don’t have direct cultural continuity from Moses. The most “hardcore” Jews dress up like 19th century Europeans. Many American Jews don’t even believe in god and are functionally just liberals (of course, liberalism can be considered radical Protestantism, based on how it historically developed).
I’m sorry, it’s kind of annoying for Jews to claim all these specialized categories when they really aren’t that unique.
Anyways, Old Testament stories predate the existence of “the Jewish faith”, everything is much more syncretic and less ethno-centric than many Jews claim.
@@zjzr08 I said “True Israel”, not “True Jews” by the way.
@@zjzr08 there isn’t one genetic source of Jews, there are so many different branches. If you share most of your genetics with Europeans, it’s irritating to say “oh sorry I’m a direct descendant of Moses”. Just so much ethnonarcissism. There is no such thing as a pure German, there’s no such thing as a pure Jew.
Many Jews (religious or secularized) are supremacists who are happy to consider themselves “the Chosen people”. That’s actually kind of lame and unethical!
My grandfather was brought by his grandfather to Palestine in 1925 from Yemen, they initially lived in the Yemenite neighborhood in Tel-Aviv
What do you think of my Palestinians 😢
Oh didn’t Ofra Haza’s parents migrate at a similar time?
Oh didn’t Ofra Haza’s parents migrate at a similar time?
@@magnussandstrom1853 Yŕes, I think so
@@basedsavage4793I'm an Arab Muslim with 2 Gazan Nephews. This isn't about our Palestinian people or emotionalism. It is about trying to find a permanent solution, wherein there is, ensured, deep compensation, which we may use to secure our children and grandchildren's prosperity. For thousands of years the ethno-religious claims of Jews, and the religious claims of Christians and Muslims upon the area of the 'Holy Land' has produced endless conflict.
With annihilation-ist genocide by European Christians, followed shortly thereafter by expulsion (despite being non-Zionist) of Middle Eastern and North African Jews by Muslim Arabs, Jews came to the conclusion that the only solution was to return to their original homeland from which their ancestors had been expelled.
Jews are indigenous to the land, at least 95% have proven DNA genealogical origins in the land of Israel/Palestine.
After the Jews' expulsion by Pagan occupiers, Arabs moved in, they, along with Arab settlers, Arabised then Islamised the remaining people, who became the ancestors of what we now call Arab Palestinians. Now you have two populations indigenous to one piece of land, the Holy Land.
Only through the renunciation of violence towards unarmed civilians, as well as through negotiation, may we achieve what I consider to be the dream scenario:
i.e. A democratic, secular Palestinian Arab State, compensated through reparations payments, within a settled two-state solution.
To hell with the extremists, long live the ideal of peace and our children's prosperity.
Mom Wake up Sam Aronow Posted new video
hell yeah
you joke, but my first instinct when I saw the video come out was to send it to my mom (got her hooked on Sam's videos)
@@Cheese-zt3nsis she active on yt?
last time I was this early, I was still studying in the Hebrew University, and that's because I finally got my letter of finishing studying for my degree in the Email yesterday.
And throughout my studies all this years I would be watching your videos.
how times fly.
Don't worry, it'll fly significantly faster from now on.
Foreshadowing with Henry Ford has become a modern youtube classic... For good reason I suppose.
Ford was working for the jews even when he published his infamous book. He wanted to ramp up antisemitism to strengthen the need in jews to emigrate to palestine. He was the member of the detroit palestine lodge for 50 years.
...and Ford foreshadows Hitler.
I find it kinda hilarious that we learn about Henry Ford as some sort of enterpreneur hero and the whole "major antisemite" part is skipped over.
@@DrVictorVasconcelos because Henry Ford was whipping up antisemitism to help the zionists move more of jewry to palestine. He was the member of the palestine lodge of detroit for 50 years.Ford did what he did in favour of jewry.
Great video. Completely off-topic, but last week Brazil's most famous Jew, Silvio Santos (born Senor Abravanel, changed his name later in life), died. A man who revolutionized Brazilian television and a direct descendent of Isaac Abrabanel from your expulsion of the Spanish Jews video. If you ever do a "Jews in Brazil" or "Jews in South America" video, he is 100% of the guys you need to at least mention.
Maoeeeeee משהו רוצה כסף??
It would be amazing to see Sílvio Santos here!!!
My family came from Mexico City, and I had NO idea that Tel Aviv's expansion was based on Mexico City!
What a point of pride for both Nations.
Thank you Sam, you always provide such amazing information, thank you!
Great episode Sam! It rings close to home: My wife wrote her masters' thesis in literature on the work and ideas of De Haan. And Geddes' work on Tel Aviv has been an inspiration to me as an urban planner. Looking forward to the next episode.
Your videos are so high quality. Stands out in a sea of increasingly AI-driven pop history on youtube. Thank you!
Was listening to you while doing my service industry job and some little kid was convinced that you're Deadpool.
To be fair to Jabotinsky, Sam also misspelled Trumpeldor's name in Hebrew in 33:46 .
Well, shit.
Heheh
Very cool to see Martin Buber mentioned. I happen to have a signed letter he once wrote to my Grandmother!!
Never knew Raanana was founded by an American. Makes a lot of sense.
Jabotinsky wrote a whole lot about his love of Italy, Italian model of democracy, reunification, Italian leaders such as Mazzini, Garibaldi, Giusti. He spent many years in Italy, and spoke fluent Italian. It was Italy that was his main model.
He wrote many brilliant articles, which are currently almost forgotten (which is very sad; they are very pertinent and need to be reprinted). It is the one article that is not written so well -- "The Iron Wall" -- that is still argued about. Exactly because it is so unclear, so everyone sees in it either their own position or the position one fights against.
Can you elaborate more? I think Italy was only somewhat of a democracy between 1912 and 1922/23?, and the first world war doesn't really count, so that's interesting. Before 1912 it didn't have universal male suffrage, after 1922/23? it had fascism (gross exagguration but you get the idea), and the italian system throughout this short period was chaotic, had to deal with the pressures of war, was infamously corrupt and subject to political pressure by various groups, was under the domination of Giovanni Giolitti, experienced several revolving doors of governance, had a nascent clerical movement that would become the christian democracy in the post-ww2 era, had a colonial empire, it's constitution allocated the monarchy extensive powers (even if before fascism it was customary not to use them) and the country suffered from significant union-related violence and strikes in the bienno rosso only for the facsists to emerge as a reaction to it. That's me describing italy from circa 1900 to 1923, so I really would like to know what Jabotinsky found inspiring in the political system and conditions.
Very accurate historical videos. One inaccuracy that I noticed is that under the mandate, Arab peasants could not be evicted from land purchased from the landowners. They had to be signed to a separate agreement in the process they had to be financially compensated for their rights to work the land. See " hakeren odena kayemet" by Musa goldenberg. He purchased land on behalf of the KKL in the twenties and thirties.
34:13 me and all the other 50 people who watched election israel are excited to see this soft reboot
this is the Sam Aronow equivalent of a Breaking Bad character appearing in Better Call Saul
That has been a longggg time
Really great and informative video!
I notice you often focus on left wing politics, and in my opinion you overlook right wing Zionism, religious Zionism, and the haredi old yishuv. Would love to see more attention to what's happening in that side of the Jewish world, in Palestine and abroad. Thank you!
I note you didn't mention poland once in this video; despite half of the 4th aliyah arriving from poland; and that it was the situation in poland that contributed significantly to the aliyah (along with that in the US). The 4th aliyah is sometimes even called עליית גרבסקי, after the prime minister of poland; Władysław Grabski.
this feels like a pretty big thing to leave out; will it be discussed at some point?
12:43 asking from Geddes' future at 2024, where's that suburban rail network he promised!?
It's there. I've ridden on it.
@@SamAronow The one Geddes' made, not the recently constructed Red Line...
I don't think he ever put out an explicit plan, but I would consider the Yarkon, Sharon, Modiin, Rishon LeZion, and Southern Coastal railways.
11:48
That man literally made a UNESCO world heritage site
You finally reached 1925! That was the year my grandma was born. She was a social studies teacher and I wish I could show her your videos. Great as always!
This should be required viewing for anyone and everyone discussing modern narrative around Israel/Palestine. Really well done -- it almost serves as a Spark Notes for this series.
Waking up with sam's video
Great!
Well, that ending is ominous... Next episode should be about _Hebron_ , I assume, right?
Yeah… based on this series so far I’m starting to think that 1929 was probably the REAL start of the conflict. Violent incidents in 1920 and 1921 were generally just local clashes that didn’t really lead to anything, while 1929 led to waves of Arab violence that never went away
Hevron was not the only attack that year. I'd recommend Hillel Cohen's 1929: Year Zero of the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
@@KosherCookery Hebron wasn't the only but it was by far the largest, or at least the highest profile one.
@@navetal oh, undeniably so. You see many people in the comments bemoaning the demise of binationalism seemingly oblivious to why and how it failed. The Hevron pogrom revealed this as fantasy and put an end to its claim to present a credible alternative to zionism. It didn't matter how old or well-integrated urban Jewish communities were, the Muslim-Christian Associations were perfectly willing to massacre them and the British were totally unable to prevent it.
The 1929 pogroms were Husseini's reaction to Binationalism gaining traction among the Arab political class.
Another banger!
If in the future, probably ten years from now, you run out of ideas for videos, I'd love to see a video on the history of Minnesotan Jews.
I really appreciate your videos. I'm learning a lot
Love the video, it's a more forgiving view of Jabotinski than I would have expected. Some of his other writings I had read were much more patronizing of his arab neighbors
@SamAronow
Thank you, Sam Aronow, for making this informative video. The video helped explain how the events you described are linked to what is going on now in Israel and Palestine. I am looking forward to seeing your next video.
~Mackyle Wotring
8:19
And made the greatest content creator the world had ever seen. Roy Kafri.
Now this is quality content.
Plumer, the Field Mustasche .
One official said he looked like an American caricature of a British general.
Erev Shabbat just got better.
* A'erev Shabbat (IPA: /ʕ/)
You don't want to make the same mistake Sam did in 7:44
What i get from the first three aliyahs is that the idea of aliyah to eretz yisrael was somewhat popular among jews of the time, but not the practice. And the practical aspects like quality of life, lack of running water and electricity were more of an obstacle than ideological aversion to zionism as some would like to claim (no beccah, if your great grampa actually had a problem living on land stolen from natives he would have actually more likely came to israel instead of america).
To me it sounds like how even before the war, if you asked the averge israeli living in Central israel if more israelis should move to the negev and the Galilee, either to relieve popualtion density in the center or to establish a clearer jewish majority in these regions, the most people would say yes, but if you asked them if THEY would move out of the center, the answer from most would have been no even before last october. And with the center having a higher quality of life , better hospitals, and relative security, most israeli jews living in those regions either are or descend from people with an ideological bend to one way or the other who have strong belief in the importance of living there ideologically, or low income families who were brought there by the government in the refugee crises of the 50s and the 90s and didnt have much of a say in where they would live
Oh, I don't think it was ideological at all. It was simply a failure to even consider the personhood of those who "didn't matter" to "developed" society. Hannah Arendt may have been wrong about her specific example but evil really does tend to be banal.
As far as the ideology of those who care about it went, you can see in this video that the majority of it really was typical left-colonist mindset. "These poor peasants are being oppressed and have no agency, we should take over everything to save them."
God, Beccah is the worst
39:40 oh no…
39:50 OH NO
I know this is history so spoiler warnings are redundant, but knowing what I do an Henry Ford, Im very nervous about the next episode lol
that's the period my family first started coming here they were Hasidic Zionists and Industrialists and were founders of modern Kiryat Atta
it is interesting that while today the area is very urban back than it was mostly Bedouin controlled despite being right next to Haifa
Awesome stuff. Nicely done. The care and attention to detail shines through.
6:15 So that's why my grandpa's family chose South America and not the US, always wondered why was that, guess it was just more viable for them
37:36 Obviously "Luxemburgo".
Much appreciated, learned a few things, refreshed a few things I knew.
Jabotinsky had a much more realistic grasp of the political situation. The binationalists seemed to have been engaging in a lot of well, magical thinking. Yitzhak Ben-Zvi's writings in particular were not what I'd call evidence based. Even if we assume that the majority of Palestinian Arabs were not politicized yet, the elites were and the majority of the Palestinian Arabs were going to go in their direction rather than towards Jewish leadership.
Jabotinsky's followers of various ilks won and still run Israel. The Netanyahu name being mentioned in this video was no accident. Revisionist Zionism was the underpinning of the Irgun and the Stern Gang, which fought the British and cleared out Palestinians post Mandate. They evolved into Herut, which evolved into Likud, and they are still in power.
Binationalism only works if both nations agree to it, and the Arabs were unlikely to ever do so. That was the major problem.
7:39 that is the most accurate description of Raanana I've ever heard
👏Maccabi Haifa mentioned!👏
39:49 oh crap
I believe I've spotted a small oversight: at 8:20 you used Nahalal as an example for a Moshav, but Nahalal was founded in 1921 during the Third Aliya, not the Fourth Aliya. This also goes against the framing of the movement as a 4th-Aliya innovation. Did you mean to say that the movement got a lot more support during the 4th, or is it just something that you missed in the 3rd Aliya's video and correct now?
It's not something I missed so much as something I needed to save for later because, although it originated in the Third Aliyah, it's more relevant to _this_ discussion as part of the economic/political diversification of the Yishuv.
my friday nights are pretty lonely, good thing some of those are blessed with a sam aronow video. thank you sam, great video shkoyech!
39:21 oh the irony
Lol. That is exactly what I wrote about 9:58
Next episode:
1929-1939, we're two steps from the absolute controversy that is 1948
Hey, when can we expect to have an episode about Jews in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth? It would be awesome if you could make one!!!
9:30 with the killer humidity they would give Atlanta a run for its money
Yeah, I don't miss that.
The Jewish National Fund is usually translated as HaKeren HaKeyemet L’Yisrael.
The name was changed to that in 1953.
@@SamAronow did not know that. You learn something new everyday.
This was excellent Sam keep it coming.
Thank you.
I found one of my great-great grandmothers on Ancestry. She was born in the same shtetl as David Ben Gurion - Plonsk. She was born in 1872, and he was born in 1886.
There's a story in my family that one of my Litvish ancestors arrived here because they were driven out in a pogrom. Nobody in the family could remember who, but I always wonder if it might have been great-great grandma Dwore from Plonsk.
Does anyone know if Plonsk was ever subjected to a pogrom? The story in my family was that horse mounted soldiers showed up and told everyone that at sunset the houses of the Jews would have their windows and doors nailed shut and then set on fire - and it was up to the inhabitants whether they were inside the houses or outside of them, anywhere else, when the fires were lit.
I think another possibility is that my family just watched Fiddler too many times.
One question i've had for a while also is, how did Acre get thrown into the israel/palestine bunch? It wasn't ancient israel or judea, nor philistian (but phoenicia, and later roman syria/phoenicia), and it did become a part of crusader Jerusalem, but so were tyre and sidon
So what's up with acre?
(Also i've been looking into what the roman province of Palestine actually looked like - i was under the impression that it got divided randomly by the romans, but it actually made quite a lot of sense with the region's history - if anyone reading this, 1st palestine was made of judea, samaria, idumæa and peræa, plus all of the former city states on the coast. 2nd palestine comprised the galilee, plus the part of the decapolis that judea had once held. 3rd palestine, created much later from the southern part of the arabia province, was most of ancient nabatea including the negev, sinai, and what had once been moab. The rest of the province of arabia was roughly philip's ituræa tetrarchy (southern syria), plus the rest of the decapolis, and bits of nabatea in ancient ammon. However the golan got detached from this and attached to phoenicia, which included also acre in the south and went up to tartus in the north.
Acre was the seat of the Ottoman Sanjak of Acre, which was roughly coterminous with the entire Galilee. In terms of physical geography, Acre is part of the Bay of Haifa with direct links to the various Galilean valleys, whereas it's fully cut off from Lebanon by the mountains marking the modern border. Under the Romans, the distinction made sense because there were still cultural and political vestiges of the Phoenician city states, but obviously by the modern era no such distinctions between coast and inland existed.
riveting, amazing and painfully revealing as always.
I just saw how long the video is and immediately pressed like 😂 im sure it will be great information and content as always ❤❤❤🎉🎉 Thank you for your hard work!
Thank you for educating me on the state of Israel. I feel like I was in lecture at college again.
0:18 when his beloved university becomes a literal warzone
9:58
Oh, the irony!
Also wanted to let you know regarding the Scandinavia episode: Moses Pergament has a CD coming out!
12:34 32:40 aged like a very fine wine
For the latter, at first I also felt almost shocked, but then realized that eventually the populist, proto-fascist right wing won, if that didn't happen we'd probably see statements on the subjugation of Arabs by a majority Jewish population as simple bigotry. I'm not saying there would be no Arab nationalists being bigoted towards Jews, but rather that a pluralistic state was very much a possibility, and unfortunately we instead got what we got.
@@MaryamMaqdisi I doubt this so called pluralistic state would be sustainable in the long term. Most Mizrahi's will tell you that Arab bigotry towards Jews went far deeper than simple nationalist sentiment. That bigotry was based on faith and race, which means it would have been insurmountable regardless of leadership. That is not to say that the populist should have won. Bigotry does not inevitably lead to populism, but radicalism certainly does.
@@MaryamMaqdisi you know you are just naive
@@MaryamMaqdisi Although the Zionists were rather inept in their approach to Jewish-Arab collaboration, there was a genuine shift toward pluralism in Arab politics due to economic shifts and Plumer's democratization of local politics that led to the Nashashibi clan winning public favor over the Husseinis. Amin al-Husseini's effort to regain popularity will be covered extensively in the next video.
What are you talking about? It is literally called Tel Aviv-Yafo. It's the same city.
37:37…..polite responses. 😅
S.A., what's your reasoning for the cigarette burns in this digital video?
Do American Js have any particular opinion of fight club?
Nice video.
Afula mentioned!!!
Wooooooo!!!
11:39 as someone who is currently studying city planning this was really interesting to hear
4:30 is this portrait of your mom or your aunt? Cause in context Id assume its your aunt, but in the past I recall you using it to represent your mom
Great video.
Shabbat shalom, yall
great episode!
7:40 That Yaakov Newman guy was not that wrong...
Lol yeh
Quite amazing
Maybe there is something in Raanana that still draws americans?
He was picturing a city as big as Tel Aviv spanning from the sea to the Eastern Railway.
@@SamAronow
Neverheless, I'm sure that he would have beem proud to see hus creation today
@@SamAronow Herzliya be like "nope".
I found in my parents house a letter my great aunt wrote in the 1930's when she was vacationing in Raanana. She lived in Rosh Pina at the time and the house she grew in is literally a guesthouse today. How the times have changed.
Have you read Israeli historian Gur Alroey's books on the first three aliyahs? His main thesis is that most Jewish immigrants to Israel/Palestine were essentially no different than Jewish immigrants elsewhere and were mainly looking for escape from persecution and an ability to earn a living rather than face anti-Semitic discrimination. Most were not ideological Zionists and couldn't care less if a Jewish state emerged. Now I don't think this would have really mattered much for preventing a conflict because the low population level would make even moderate Jewish immigrant have a big demographic impact and political change but it is an interesting point.
Mr. Samuel: *forebodes like a boss*
The Philippine Commonwealth and Silliman University: *shitting bricks*
35:57 what's that dotted line running through the Aboriginal tribes territory representing?
The Canning Stock Route.
Love a little youth movement mention with Betar! Will you go further into exploring other youth movements in the future?
16:46 yeah that's pretty on the mark.
The Second most famous jew.
Most famous Jew _alive_ at the time.
Great video. Can you do a video on the Turkish influence on Ben Gurion. He studied law in Istanbul, learned Turkish, and was heavily influenced by the policies of Ataturk - including policies to secularize Jews and 'modernize' them. I also feel that one cannot know Israel without knowing Turkey. Again - thanks. Hezy
THE CLIFFHANGER SAM WHY
From Wikipedia: "Trefa Banquet was an elegant ... dinner [featuring non-kosher foods] held on July 11, 1883 ... in honor of the first graduating class of Hebrew Union College ... and the delegates to the ... annual meeting of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations..."
Hey Sam would you ever react to or delete GDFs video series about calling Israel a settler colony? I love your videos man
Don’t know who Yom Tov Algazi is, but I guess he was Chief Rabbi for almost 30 years. He was there longer than the others.
.....and now it´s the inofficial center of danish olim.
Amazing that we have the records of Chief Rabbis going as far back as the 17th century.
Those aren't the records; the institution of the Rishon LeZion began in the 17th century.
29:03 Weizmann is literally Ben Kingsley
Sam, I tried to follow this complex history but it was not easy. Aliyah was return - right? - and there was little about it.
Superb presentation of the continuing social / political of the Mandate period. The inclusion of de Haan sets up some of the intramural violence to come, and Ze'ev Jabotinsky's "Iron Wall" and his peace through strength philosophy foreshadows the next two decades in Palestine, the founding of Israel and even the more recent troubles with Gaza. Nice sly aside of Nathan Milikowsky who's descendants continue to use the Jabotinsky playbook.
Wonderful work as always @samaronow. One thing I’ve wondered is why the Palestine currency never had an image of the King or why immigrants to Palestine never had to swear allegiance to him. Was it simply because Palestine was a Mandate and technically not a part of the British Empire? How British was “British” Mandate Palestine?
You're correct; the previous video in this series was all about this.
@SamAronow I assume it acted more like a commonwealth where example the Philippines were under American control yet has its own president during that period?
If an average of 40,000 Jews were allowed in per year, from 1919-1949, they would have constituted a 60% majority in the entirety of the Mandate of Palestine upon gaining independence. No partition would have been necessary.
Does this include Transjordan or just Mandatory Palestine because the MP partition was made for the Arabs that basically wanted no Jews in their side (or I guess they'd have majority, but if that's the case, then I wonder why they didn't just accept the whole MP, seeing they'd be majority from that time from what I know?).
Thank you for this. It is so hard to find simplified and accurate history of this era. It's all thick tomes waffling on dryly.
I can't stand that Martin Buber. He spouted a lot of nonsense
It's not surprising that you can't read history very well and also dislike Buber.
3:11 And this set up remains to this day!
Actually right now there are zero chief rabbis in Israel because of politicking inside the rabbinate who couldn't elect a new one before the terms of the last ones expired. Two months now. Suspiciously, mort israelis didn't notice this change like that whole institution is irrelevant to their lives
@@itayeldad3317
A corrupt institution that must be abolished asap. Or at least be appointed by the president or something.
@@itayeldad3317most Israelis are secular so that would make sense.
@@itayeldad3317 Is there no noise coming from the Orthodox communities for example?
Where did you get the information on the office on the chief rabbi?
Jabotinsky, let's gooo!
Kahanism next
I mean, Kahane wasnt born until four years after this and these videos follow a chronological order
@@Cheese-zt3nssomehow i didnt realize
Interesanting
Buber
Somehow, someway. A revival of binationalism might be our only hope for piece in the holy land. The problem rest on if such a revival of that idea is still even possible after the horrors that came from rejecting it
Binationalism was popular with a certain sort of intellectual. It is not that popular with most of the people Jewish or Arab. From a Palestinian Arab perspective then and now, the answer to rejecting binationalism is simple. They have the numbers both as Palestinians but also as an aggregate Arab or Muslim group and if they have the numbers, why should they give any official recognition or limit the connections they want to make because of the Jews?
The horrors didn't come from rejecting it. It was never really on the table, except among a few idealists.
De facto Israel right now is binational with different basic education systems that an Israeli can choose, either Jewish or Arab, plus the two don't mingle as much in their towns so their cultures are kinda isolated...it is an issue absorbing a mostly Arab Muslim population, which would undermine the state if they are the majority.
Were they really not aware that the policy of firing/evicting Arabs who were working the land was similar to the restrictions on black employment in South Africa that would later be part of the apartheid? Other sources say the goal was to strengthen the Jewish economy.
Attorney General Norman Bentwich was.
@@SamAronowA bit late, but thank you for the answer!
37:36 did you actually expect that most of your viewers will recognize this country only by looking at a map?
Because I didn't recognized it
Germany
Germania
Ashkenaz
Deutchland
Doitsu
Allemagne
Niemcy
And probably fifty others I missed.
Tyskland or something adjacent in most Nordic languages (which I'm pretty sure is related to Deutschland) but Saksa in Finnish
Alemanya for Filipino language hehe.