The Kos-Nisyros Caldera forming eruption was a mere 10% larger than the ~1620-1610 BC eruption of Santorini. Regardless, it represented the single largest volcanic eruption within Greece within the last 1 million years. However, here is where it gets interesting. There is strong evidence for the existence of each of the three proposed calderas in this video. They could represent older eruptions from the same volcano, but more studies are needed. What are your thoughts?
My thoughts are that it seems to me that a lot of otherwise conventional stratovolcanoes repeatedly go caldera, rebuilding each time. I think it's quite plausible that this is one of those, and I'm very interested in what is going on at depth that separates volcanoes that do this from ones that don't.
Once again, proof that you are the best volcanology channel on TH-cam. The information is very succinct and to-the-point, which I (and clearly many others) appreciate! :)
At first I was thinking "recent megaeruption" as in the last couple days. But you're talking geological time. Shows how much I know lol. Anyway, I find your channel most educational. I share your videos with my nephew, who is 12 and fascinated with geology.
Wow interesting as always! I did know that Nisyros contains an active volcano, I didn't know about the caldera! Thanks for teaching me something new everytime you upload a video :)!
Greece is quite interesting-- culture, historically and geologically. The whole northeastern Mediterranean appears to be one big subduction zone. I wasn't aware of such a large caldera in that area, though I am not surprised that such a large camera exists.
I really like the content of your video's. Finally some one who makes educational video's without the "hollywood" effect. Keep up the good work. I was wandering of you can do a topic about the Eifelvulcano's in Germany or the dead old shieldvulcano that would be lying under the so called " waddenzee" in The Netherlands.
In mythology part of Gigantomachia take place there exactly. Polybotes was chased through the sea by Poseidon and came to Cos and Ruler of the Seas, breaking off that piece of the island and threw it on him. That giant rock called Nisyros. Some names of Poseidon is Sιsixthon (Σεισίχθων) - him who sake the earth or Enosigaios (Ενοσίγαιος) tremor, klonismos (κλονισμός) of earth.
Literally sitting in a bar eating moussaka and drinking a cold beer right now in Mandraki on Nisyros on the edge of this caldera. You make amazing content dude!
There's a ancient volcano in Australia called the Cerberean Caldera which underwent a super eruption 374 Mya, which in turn contributed to the Late Devonian Extinction event . Please do a video on this volcano I want to find out more about it .
If you ever visit the island of Nisyros, you should go and see Stefanos* crater with your own eyes. You can even walk on the volcanic crater's surface and this is located right under the village of Nikeia. It is an amazing scenery to be honest with ya
Two years agow i went on a trip to the Nisyros volcano. It was amazing to walk inside the biggest subcrater. But it really smells bad! Once again great video!
Out of curiosity. Is there an average distance from a subduction zone in which you will typically find volcanic activity? Or is that dependent on how thick the plates are?
I had the opportunity to work at China Lake, near Ridgecrest, CA. While there I was able travel extensively in the area. In one area not far from a geothermal plant was a field covered with soccer ball sized chunks of obsidian and on top of another mound were very large boulders of pumas. Also driving north on state road 395 can be seen a tall volcanic flow. Then just a few miles more north can be seen a a tall cinder mound. There are many volcanic rocks all around the area.
I have been to this volcano on several occasions over nearly 30 years. Its size really is under stated, especially when looking at the size of the origional caldera. The internals and crater of the volcano have changed with active hot spots moving on a yearly basis. I am also sure that there are several areas where the ground has been rising, which backups up the theory that the chambers are filling below it. Very pretty island to explore with amazing views.
I'd like to see a video made by yourself that explained the subterranean aspect of volcanoes in more depth. How do we know there are massive lava chambers under there? How do we build an image of the anatomy of a volcano if we can never go down into it and see? New comer to the channel and I love your work. Thank you for the great videos.
General gravitational anomaly surveys, and how quakes pass through an area are a good indication that a magma chamber is present. Energy waves move at different speeds through a liquid (magma) than a solid (host rock)
Great video! I have a question: Are volcanoes in subduction zones generally more "explosive" than the ones seen in divergent zones? (e.g. compare Iceland and Hawaii with Tonga and Mediterranean volcanoes) Dag
I've been in the present caldera at Nisyros, it melted my shoe off and I had to hop out ...not before I collected some sulphur through. Given the white Island eruption I don't think I would do that again, as you can hear the steam rushing about like storm waters in a urban sewer system after a deluge.
Wow, be careful of melting your shoes or burning your feet near volcanoes, I once burned my foot on some tiny vent very far from a volcano and I've heard several other stories of people who have too, yours now included.
Please make a follow-up video regarding to Taal volcanos latest phreatomagmatic burst, I appreciate your content sir. 🙂 Taal had 8 short-lived burst and 15,600+ tons/day of SO2 emission.
Great video. I still remember when I suggested Nisyros as a video topic and now there is a second video about that region. I never knew there was such a large submarine caldera. Are there any sources where I can learn more about that?
I wonder what are your thoughts on Merapi's current status? I haven't heard of two lava domes at that particular volcano before, and the south-west lava dome is particularly huge. Could we see another large eruption like the one in 2010, or will it be smaller than that?
Only just seen this one. I suspect that the caldera is larger than you say due to the hot spring in the western part of Kos (Thermae), Bubble beach in Kefalos Bay (CO2 bubbles up just offshore there with a likely volcanic origin) and when you drive through the hills at the eastern end of Kos, there are thick ash/pumice depositsvisible on the roadsides
I'm freaked out because there are so many volcanic eruptions going on one after another. La Palma, Tonga, Sakurajima and many more. It's best to evacuate from these hotspots to safer zones.
I was talking to someone online about this and they explained there is a theory that the increased volcanic activity could be due to the solar minimum, which has allowed more cosmic radiation to strike the earth. The thinking is that the cosmic radiation energizes the earth in some way. Interesting theory.
Good stuff! I was wondering...could you detail the volcano that existed to produce Crater of Diamonds State Park in SW Arkansas? Diamonds, I have been told, only exist in/with Kimberlite, which is volcanic.... Thanks 👍
Diamonds can exist in many different areas. The plate shelves that lead to the deeper parts of the ocean do tend to have diamonds. Kimberlite pipes are also capable of bringing them up from depth. The whole of the central usa used to be under a large ocean. Over time the ocean depth decreased and the land depth in some areas increased. There is the New Madrid fault in the area "not sure if it exactly has to do with Crater of Diamonds but you can check online." The area has a long active geologic history.
@@dralord1307 thanks...but New Madrid faulting area has nothing to do with it, that I'm sure of. And since it is the ONLY known incidence of kimberlite intrusion WITH accompanying diamonds in the U.S., I figured there had to be a volcano somewhere that would explain it.
Amazing videos but I am pretty sure it's the mantle wedge above that partially melts and not the subducting slab's crust which generates magma (1:19). Common misconception I only learned it recently in a lecture.
Greece is 99.999999% volcano safe as the most safest answer to give. Greece is very diverse and very spread out with truly immense natural diversity vastly outstripping the size of its lands. Its fully safe to visit it. Greece has all the natural occurences that you can find on the planet. But to die from it or to even experience it is very rare. I visited Greece 50 now, never experienced anything
Your videos are really good. Would you ever do a video on what was called “The orphan eruption” or words to that effect. I can’t remember where it’s been suggested it took place, but it was somewhere in Indonesia I believe.
There was the Orphan Tsunami of 1700 in Japan, caused by a Cascadia earthquake. Do you mean that? It's covered by Nick Zentner, and any of his videos are worth viewing.
Hello! I recently found it on your videos and channel, the content is awesome, all in one place that interests me. In your first videos, you said the content more slowly (I’m moving from the first content to the present day), which I understand, but it has become too fast now, please slow down a bit. My English is not perfect and I don’t feel like reading a caption because I can’t learn from it. Thank you for your understanding, great hug to you!
51Listen, I tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed- 52in a flash, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.
I really enjoy your videos, but please word your title better or in a way that we know if you are talking about a event happening or something from the past. Reading this videos title I got scared for a moment :/. I live in Europe and have friends in greece. Keep up the good work!
3:08 "...a column of ash shot 44 kilometers into the atmosphere..." An oddly specific statement about an event 161,000 years in the past, don't you think? It might be a little more credible to say something like, "....probably shot at least 40 kilometers into the atmospohere..."
With alll our tech we should b able to control all the volcanoes. Maybe dril some places in side away from houses and people towards ocean where it will make more land
![[LIVE] : ONE ลุมพินี 85 | คู่เอก "ยอดเหล็กเพชร vs ผึ้งหลวง"](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Qq_19bnnxEo/mqdefault.jpg)
The Kos-Nisyros Caldera forming eruption was a mere 10% larger than the ~1620-1610 BC eruption of Santorini. Regardless, it represented the single largest volcanic eruption within Greece within the last 1 million years. However, here is where it gets interesting. There is strong evidence for the existence of each of the three proposed calderas in this video. They could represent older eruptions from the same volcano, but more studies are needed.
What are your thoughts?
My thoughts are that it seems to me that a lot of otherwise conventional stratovolcanoes repeatedly go caldera, rebuilding each time. I think it's quite plausible that this is one of those, and I'm very interested in what is going on at depth that separates volcanoes that do this from ones that don't.
What was the most recent eruption in Greece?
Hey man can you cover the recent large eruption of Sakurajima
@@temosofthecommunistrepubli2637 1950 in Santorini
@@GeologyHub oh ok . I thought some other volcano could have erupted but surprisingly it hasn't.
Once again, proof that you are the best volcanology channel on TH-cam. The information is very succinct and to-the-point, which I (and clearly many others) appreciate! :)
The De facto source
Pure facts!! His videos are always the first one to pop up for me. Love watching them
Nailed it 100%....I love these!!! ❤️
At first I was thinking "recent megaeruption" as in the last couple days. But you're talking geological time. Shows how much I know lol.
Anyway, I find your channel most educational. I share your videos with my nephew, who is 12 and fascinated with geology.
Wow interesting as always! I did know that Nisyros contains an active volcano, I didn't know about the caldera!
Thanks for teaching me something new everytime you upload a video :)!
Greece is quite interesting-- culture, historically and geologically. The whole northeastern Mediterranean appears to be one big subduction zone. I wasn't aware of such a large caldera in that area, though I am not surprised that such a large camera exists.
However, the Earth is less than 10,000 years old.
@@davidlafleche1142 Radiometric and other dating systems say otherwise.And yes, I am a Christia. However I use common sense.
@@harrietharlow9929 You must take Genesis as literal history.
Ah, I've once heard that the Kos-Nisyros-Giali complex had potential for very large eruptions but I didn't know the details. Thanks for covering this!
No problem. Of course, it gets a bit more interesting when you realize that Gyali and Nisyros count as separate volcanoes
I never knew I was such a volcanology fan until I found your channel
So glad I found this channel.
I really like the content of your video's. Finally some one who makes educational video's without the "hollywood" effect. Keep up the good work.
I was wandering of you can do a topic about the Eifelvulcano's in Germany or the dead old shieldvulcano that would be lying under the so called " waddenzee" in The Netherlands.
I have an older video on the Laacher see and another video planned on the east Eifel field. Link: m.th-cam.com/video/ILKeoTp8gOQ/w-d-xo.html
@@GeologyHub Thank you for the link and the information in that video. 👍🏻
In mythology part of Gigantomachia take place there exactly. Polybotes was chased through the sea by Poseidon and came to Cos and Ruler of the Seas, breaking off that piece of the island and threw it on him. That giant rock called Nisyros. Some names of Poseidon is Sιsixthon (Σεισίχθων) - him who sake the earth or Enosigaios (Ενοσίγαιος) tremor, klonismos (κλονισμός) of earth.
I’d love to hear your take on Milos! Its geology and huge caldera are both beautiful and scarily amazing!
I'm so glad that I found this channel. The most important and devastating force on this planet is largely ignored by humanity.
Thank you for in depth informative videos, it’s humbling to see what our mother is capable of doing
Excellent analysis, very informative and a very enjoyable channel.
Thank you.
Always have had an interest in volcanos. Thanks for the detailed studies!
Literally sitting in a bar eating moussaka and drinking a cold beer right now in Mandraki on Nisyros on the edge of this caldera.
You make amazing content dude!
There's a ancient volcano in Australia called the Cerberean Caldera which underwent a super eruption 374 Mya, which in turn contributed to the Late Devonian Extinction event . Please do a video on this volcano I want to find out more about it .
Wow, this amazing! I did not even know about this! Well now I do!
If you ever visit the island of Nisyros, you should go and see Stefanos* crater with your own eyes. You can even walk on the volcanic crater's surface and this is located right under the village of Nikeia. It is an amazing scenery to be honest with ya
Two years agow i went on a trip to the Nisyros volcano. It was amazing to walk inside the biggest subcrater. But it really smells bad! Once again great video!
idk why but i LOVE the way he says volcanoes
Out of curiosity. Is there an average distance from a subduction zone in which you will typically find volcanic activity? Or is that dependent on how thick the plates are?
Cool content!!! Thank you for your job
I had the opportunity to work at China Lake, near Ridgecrest, CA. While there I was able travel extensively in the area. In one area not far from a geothermal plant was a field covered with soccer ball sized chunks of obsidian and on top of another mound were very large boulders of pumas. Also driving north on state road 395 can be seen a tall volcanic flow. Then just a few miles more north can be seen a a tall cinder mound. There are many volcanic rocks all around the area.
I have been to this volcano on several occasions over nearly 30 years.
Its size really is under stated, especially when looking at the size of the origional caldera.
The internals and crater of the volcano have changed with active hot spots moving on a yearly basis.
I am also sure that there are several areas where the ground has been rising, which backups up the theory that the chambers are filling below it.
Very pretty island to explore with amazing views.
The last time I was there I was caught up in a huge dust devil that filled the inner caldera, it was pretty impressive. I love that volcano.
Do you give a Heads up on peoples request?, definitely would help. You do a good job on these narrations, that's why i subbed
I'd like to see a video made by yourself that explained the subterranean aspect of volcanoes in more depth. How do we know there are massive lava chambers under there? How do we build an image of the anatomy of a volcano if we can never go down into it and see?
New comer to the channel and I love your work. Thank you for the great videos.
General gravitational anomaly surveys, and how quakes pass through an area are a good indication that a magma chamber is present. Energy waves move at different speeds through a liquid (magma) than a solid (host rock)
It’s hard to understand the lifespan of trees, but volcano time is a whole ‘nother level.
Excellent video
Excellent! Video! You Are Awesome!! Thank You!
Thanks for the info.! I find volcanoes very interesting. Although, I don't enjoy the devastating effect.
Great video!
I have a question:
Are volcanoes in subduction zones generally more "explosive" than the ones seen in divergent zones? (e.g. compare Iceland and Hawaii with Tonga and Mediterranean volcanoes) Dag
Thanks, Timothy!
I've been in the present caldera at Nisyros, it melted my shoe off and I had to hop out ...not before I collected some sulphur through. Given the white Island eruption I don't think I would do that again, as you can hear the steam rushing about like storm waters in a urban sewer system after a deluge.
Wow, be careful of melting your shoes or burning your feet near volcanoes, I once burned my foot on some tiny vent very far from a volcano and I've heard several other stories of people who have too, yours now included.
Please make a follow-up video regarding to Taal volcanos latest phreatomagmatic burst, I appreciate your content sir. 🙂 Taal had 8 short-lived burst and 15,600+ tons/day of SO2 emission.
Great video. I still remember when I suggested Nisyros as a video topic and now there is a second video about that region. I never knew there was such a large submarine caldera. Are there any sources where I can learn more about that?
I wonder what are your thoughts on Merapi's current status? I haven't heard of two lava domes at that particular volcano before, and the south-west lava dome is particularly huge. Could we see another large eruption like the one in 2010, or will it be smaller than that?
Interesting topic, i watched a documentary about the bronze age eruption on Thira that destroyed the settlement there.
Only just seen this one. I suspect that the caldera is larger than you say due to the hot spring in the western part of Kos (Thermae), Bubble beach in Kefalos Bay (CO2 bubbles up just offshore there with a likely volcanic origin) and when you drive through the hills at the eastern end of Kos, there are thick ash/pumice depositsvisible on the roadsides
I'm freaked out because there are so many volcanic eruptions going on one after another. La Palma, Tonga, Sakurajima and many more. It's best to evacuate from these hotspots to safer zones.
I was talking to someone online about this and they explained there is a theory that the increased volcanic activity could be due to the solar minimum, which has allowed more cosmic radiation to strike the earth. The thinking is that the cosmic radiation energizes the earth in some way. Interesting theory.
Great videos!
What’s your opinion on Mt. Rainier? When do you think the next eruption will happen?
Could you please do a video on Mt Ruapehu I’m NZ.
Can you do some Fijian volcanoes? I heard there are a large amount of calderas dotting the bigger islands
Good stuff! I was wondering...could you detail the volcano that existed to produce Crater of Diamonds State Park in SW Arkansas?
Diamonds, I have been told, only exist in/with Kimberlite, which is volcanic.... Thanks 👍
He did Crater of Diamonds. Link below
th-cam.com/video/kM4LyDxk6G8/w-d-xo.html
Diamonds can exist in many different areas. The plate shelves that lead to the deeper parts of the ocean do tend to have diamonds. Kimberlite pipes are also capable of bringing them up from depth. The whole of the central usa used to be under a large ocean. Over time the ocean depth decreased and the land depth in some areas increased. There is the New Madrid fault in the area "not sure if it exactly has to do with Crater of Diamonds but you can check online." The area has a long active geologic history.
@@dralord1307 thanks...but New Madrid faulting area has nothing to do with it, that I'm sure of. And since it is the ONLY known incidence of kimberlite intrusion WITH accompanying diamonds in the U.S., I figured there had to be a volcano somewhere that would explain it.
@Nisa Suharni I'm getting 'sweet' vibes, sweet from american slang 😉
Omg more volcanos more eruptions needed .
I stood inside the Nisyros caldera when i was a child! I stunk of rotten eggs and melted my shoes 😂😂
i check this channel like most check the twitters and facebooks/meta w.e lol... good stuff thank you for the time.
Amazing videos but I am pretty sure it's the mantle wedge above that partially melts and not the subducting slab's crust which generates magma (1:19). Common misconception I only learned it recently in a lecture.
So is there such thing as a caldrea forming erupton then or just collapse ?
Is it possible for a pyroclastic flow to travel on the surface of a body of water?
Definitely. 👍
Very interesting. Is it dangerous to visit Greece because of the volcanoes? That's the reason I'm afraid to visit Naples in Italy!
Greece is 99.999999% volcano safe as the most safest answer to give. Greece is very diverse and very spread out with truly immense natural diversity vastly outstripping the size of its lands. Its fully safe to visit it. Greece has all the natural occurences that you can find on the planet. But to die from it or to even experience it is very rare. I visited Greece 50 now, never experienced anything
@@Ptolemy336VV I am planning to go there on Sept 11 for the parade!
Any news about the Super Volcano in Naples?
Considering that those photos are one million years old they have quite good quality.
Thank you
That's a lot of pumice in one eruption. What is it used for now?
Santorini is my favorite Greek island.
This is extremely interesting. Just as well there were few or no humans in the area.
small question what is the difference between a super and mega eruption
Super is 8
Mega is 6-7
Do you know how the valley (Kohala Forest Reserve, (Waimea valley?)) on the island of Hawaii was formed?
How high was the plume?
What was the recent Tonga eruption on the VE Index?
VEI6
Your videos are really good.
Would you ever do a video on what was called “The orphan eruption” or words to that effect.
I can’t remember where it’s been suggested it took place, but it was somewhere in Indonesia I believe.
There was the Orphan Tsunami of 1700 in Japan, caused by a Cascadia earthquake. Do you mean that? It's covered by Nick Zentner, and any of his videos are worth viewing.
@@1234j That's not the one. It was a volcanic event they found by looking at the Ice cores, and tree rings.
@@kadourimdou43 the 1808 mystery eruption?
Could you make a video about Milos in Greece ?
What was the most recent eruption in Greece?
I think 1950's Santorini with a small eruption.
I would like to hear more about Mole Hill or Mount Rogers in Virginia!
You gotta do a 100k subscribers special
How large was the volcano in the (syria-jordan-northeastern Israel area in 900bce-500bce? I have read it was huge.
Thank you for this, can you cover volcanoes from Turkey in the future?
Sure would like to know what is going on with the volcanoes active now
What about the recent Japan eruption? Your the expert.
Can you please do italian volcanoes, including Mount Vesuvius ?
Thanks in advance !
He has done most well known Italian volcanoes including Vesuvius, Etna, Campi Flegrei, Ischia and Stromboli.
This is a similar caldera to Cleveland volcano in alaska
How is a VEI 7 considered a megaeruption?
is it active?
Tell us about the sinkholes please =)
Surprised we didn't cover this in my history class
So far so good god willing
Hello! I recently found it on your videos and channel, the content is awesome, all in one place that interests me. In your first videos, you said the content more slowly (I’m moving from the first content to the present day), which I understand, but it has become too fast now, please slow down a bit. My English is not perfect and I don’t feel like reading a caption because I can’t learn from it.
Thank you for your understanding, great hug to you!
HI can you do a video about the Iztaccihuatl in mexico?
I would like that too. There's a lovely romantic legend about it involving Popocatépetl. Great for Valentines!
ICh stand vor Jahren in der Caldera und war sehr demütig
What do they use the pumice for?
As a natural abrasive sponge for your bathroom (mostly feet). Only thing i have on top of my head..
pulverized as abrasive additive in all kind of kitchen and bath sink cleaners.
Really good for impossible deep rust, if you can get it in blocks. I have seen it a babacue grill cleaner too.
They need to put these under history 1000’s of years ago define now and past
I didn’t even know that this existed
2 Days ago . . recent . . .
1 Million Years ago . . . geologically recent . . . .
51Listen, I tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed- 52in a flash, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.
There surc have been quite a few volcanos over the last 4 weeks.
When I think of Greece, I think of George's Party Boat, and jewelry.
That's not how I remember these eruptions.
Wow!!!!
Do you believe that an eruption might occur in the following months? 🤔
I really enjoy your videos, but please word your title better or in a way that we know if you are talking about a event happening or something from the past. Reading this videos title I got scared for a moment :/. I live in Europe and have friends in greece. Keep up the good work!
3:08 "...a column of ash shot 44 kilometers into the atmosphere..."
An oddly specific statement about an event 161,000 years in the past, don't you think?
It might be a little more credible to say something like, "....probably shot at least 40 kilometers into the atmospohere..."
Also, how do you calculate the time it took to deposit? Two instances give an hour and a day. How is this known?
I'm using pumice to clean ring stain in the toilet bowl..I like it..it removes stains right away.
The Mediterranean is a sea,not an ocean. But otherwise, I enjoyed
Recent?
Must have been one hell of a tsunami afterwards .
March 2023 will be interesting yo
Assassins creed odyssey taught me about these volcanos.
shared
I suppose relative to the formation of the Earth, 161,000 years ago is "recent." 😀
With alll our tech we should b able to control all the volcanoes. Maybe dril some places in side away from houses and people towards ocean where it will make more land