What are Controls? What do Controls Control? How do Controls Control What They Control?
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Trust me- from a journeyman/master electrician, some of the more baffling things to work on and interpret are controls. Motor controls, lighting controls, etc. can be very elaborate and very difficult to understand. The options on what one can do with controls and how it can be done are all but endless! In today’s episode of Electrician U, Dustin talks about some of the basics.
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A big thank you to today’s sponsor Schneider Electric. Schneider Electric makes some of the best electrical equipment on the market. From panels, to switchboards, to control components, they have almost everything an electrician could need to install. They even have control components via their Easy T eSys line of products. This line has several contactors and accessories that have excellent price points and are readily available at many supply houses- even online! If you are wiring a complex control cabinet or a simple contactor installation, check out the Easy T eSys line from Schneider. They will certainly have a product to suit your needs.
So, what are controls? In essence, controls are a way to electrically turn something on and off. Maybe a light switch? It controls a fixture/fixtures. What about multiple lighting circuits needing to be controlled by a single flip of one switch? Well we would use a multipole contactor and some type of switch turning that contactor on and off. Motors are another thing we can control. Again, enter the contactor and some type of switch that tells that contactor when to turn on and off.
So, there are two basic types of control components. The first one is the equipment that handles the normal power circuit for what you are wanting to turn on/off (lighting, motors, etc.). For that we typically use a relay or contactor. A relay is much smaller and capable of much less amperage than a contactor. Contactors are usually much larger, can carry more amperage, but can control less items. Contactors even have auxiliary contact points that can be added to suit additional needs. Say when you turn a motor on, you want a light to come on letting everyone know that the motor is running. Simply add an auxiliary contact to the contactor, use the NO contact point (NO-normally open= like it is sitting on the shelf, the contact points are open. NC-normally closed= sitting on shelf, the contact points are closed), and when the contactor closes and the motor begins to turn, the light comes on.
The other type of control component is something that interacts with the items being controlled- something that controls the controller. A simple switch falls in here. Flip the switch, something comes on. Flip it the other way, something goes off. A timer is another. It will allow the contact points to close and current to flow for a set amount of time, then it opens and current ceases to flow. A start/stop button is a great example of this. You want the motor to come on press the start button (usually wired on the NO contacts). You want the motor to stop just press the stop button (wired using the NC contacts- so it’s a failsafe). A limit switch is another way we can interact with a process. When some type of object moves past a certain point in a process, a limit switch can shut the process down and even do something else like turn a light on letting someone know that maybe a door has opened further than it should have, so they can go correct the problem. Photocells also fall into this category in that when ambient light is abundant, the circuit remains open, and the lights stay off. When ambient light is less (or none at all) the circuit closes, and the lights come on. Again, the options on what you can do with control wiring are all but endless!
We hope this has been helpful in understanding the basics of controls. Is there a topic you would like to see discussed here on Electrician U? Leave us a comment in the comments section and let us know. Please continue to follow Dustin and Electrician U as we are constantly updating our content to assist our followers in becoming the best electricians that they can be.
#electrician #electrical #electricity #motorcontrol #controls
Great presentation. One thing that was not emphasized, but is a key feature is that controls allow a low power circuit to control a high power device. It is not uncommon to have a controller controlled by 24 volts, that in turn could control a 100 horsepower motor.
He need to put more troubleshooting controls videos
24 volts dc
@@alexbent8412 Often it's 24V AC. For example, residential HVAC.
He did allude to that concept here 14:44
Relays are for controlling contactors
Were you listening? Because I wasnt just was having background information as I skin all my scrap wires and I heard him mention something pretty close to what you said
This is what I do for a living! Glad automation and the whole world of controls finally got covered on ElectricianU. I've done my fair share of "regular" electrician work, but I ended up in the motor control and automation industry, and I absolutely love it. I'm on the service work side and I thrive with troubleshooting in the field.
What got you into doing the controls side of this industry what’s your story?
@@takeadeepbreatherightnowdef less physical and troubleshooting is what’s fun abt electrical to me imo
My chief electrician dad told me to get good at troubleshooting. Said they can train a monkey to run conduit. Was lucky to get good at troubleshooting motor controls & VFD'S. When I approached 60 was glad that most of my work was troubleshooting and not have to climb ladders or pull heavy wire or spend time on my old worn out knees.
Controls are KEY to automation. You can have a single 120Vac or 24Vdc circuit controlling almost any number of other various voltage circuits. The controls circuit can utilize conections in either series, parallel or both in order to accomplish a specific task. They can be as simple as a motor stop/start or as complex as a manufacturing line, complete with electrical or fluid power interlocks as well as integrated safety systems! It's all logic.
I've been learning this for the last two years,it's highly interesting,we also deal with VFD's and soft starts
Thanks so much Dustin! As a long time fan of your channel, I feel like there's no better TH-camr to explain the concept of motor controls and how they work. Very excited to see future videos on the topic!
I found your channel a few years back and it inspired me to get into electrical work. Now I’m over a year into controls engineering. Thanks for being rad Dustin!
Controls aren’t very glamorous but they are essential to the modern way of life. Thanks for the introduction!
Dude if I had millions I would fund you to help everyone with different videos about electrical stuff. I have been waiting for a motor controls/plc from you for a long time and I’m happy to see it finally coming up. You have no idea how much of an amazing teacher you are. Thanks man I appreciate you and the time you’re taking to help us all out. God bless 👍🏼
I second this. Iec is ignorant for not sponsoring
I cannot wait to one day fully grasp all of this. I watch and understand the main concept that things can be controlled but man I’ve got years till I can fully understand
Tip for young sparkies: Over 50 years ago my chief electrician boss said kid get good at controls, no get really good at controls. Told me they can train a monkey to install conduit & pull wires but not to troubleshoot. Worked at a large candy plant that had a ten million dollar state of the art pick & place machine that placed 48 pieces of candy in 55 moving boxes a minute. Had 7 computers controlling speed of 7 motors and over 500 air solenoids. So the electricians always had the most overtime every year. One year I was the top overtime guy from the over 850 production workers. Numerous times spent halve a day troubleshooting then got equipment back on line more times without schematics and it always felt great to find & fix a major problem.
Sounds like a very interesting job in electrical. Better than cold building /construction sites and cleaner too I bet than crawling under floors pulling cable.
I would imagine having skills working with controls will open more opportunities with jobs and better pay.
@@sports872 Lots of integrators are willing to hire techs without degrees but experience and its 100 plus grand a year and usually not to physical
Had to troubleshoot some contactors recently, very cool stuff!
one of the best control videos on TH-cam We want more
This is real great information. I am always putting Combo starters and motor control package together and its good to know what all this does.
Love this, not a whole lot of industrial guides out there. I'm an industrial electrician, so I'm around this stuff every day. trying to learn as much about automation as well. some stuff on that would be great as well.
Get out while you still can
Your enthusiasm and energy really comes across. I am starting a Controls Class and looking forward to more of your videos!
Been doing the industrial side of things for about 4 months now and this video really helped me
MC! Love this type of education and look forward to the next one! Ty!
We really need more controls troubleshooting videos I need to brush up in voltages
Love this video bro. Watching for years and this is my favorite yet. Thank you
Great content more like this please! Troubleshooting demonstrations would be great too!
looking forward to future videos as you build some of this stuff!!
I'll have to watch this one about a dozen more times. I've kept up on pretty much all the others I've watched, but this is hard to wrap my head around. I really appreciate that you do these for us.
Way I thought of it is L1 L2 and L3 power your device (motor, lights ect.) the coil basically acts as a switch circuit. I did a bike center that wanted five different wall power circuits switched. Just did two contactors and controlled a single control circuit with a wall switch for both contactors. Relays are basically a way to path that control circuit to other contactors.
Great explanation man. Good stuff as usual
Great to finally see control, I graduate on 20th of March to be an electrician trainee in California all we got was one chapter for controls and majority of lab was residential commercial and conduit bending, as soon I graduated I got into a control automation I was discourage at first because it was completely new stuff but the language was the same but I got confident because every electrician on the site was telling I am on the good path it pretty crazy making the plants work and now I’m trying to learn how to program thank you
Bro that's what's up, I'm hoping to do the same, I go to Trade Tech and in learning ladder logic simple plc, and using mag starters to start 3 phase motors, DC motors, using transformers, and rectifiers. How did you get into the work?
Enjoyed the video helpful information.
Love watching this. I use the similar components daily here in the bakken oilfield
me and many people need more and more about this subject
I love this video .. thank you .. Good job ❤
And that is exactly what I did is use controls from lighting to cooling towers to boilers to fans and valves. Sometimes I would have both a logic control and physical control through normally open normally closed circuits, such as Hana Bay fire and smokeLogic system
Definitely need more plc and motor control videos
Thanks dude love it, I know it's a lot but do you think you could draw out an example of how someone would be wired with your overload protection to a push stop to the motor with where the contactor controling device is overload protection? I think I get it but visually when you draw that out it makes learning so much better for me. Also if you haven't before I've switched from residental to commercial and my journeyman and I are running light circuits that all have wireless controls and wireless switches and we're running all out circuits into zones and I'm lost. 10 mc whips for 3 out of 15 rooms has my head spinning. Love your stuff dude, thank you for all your help
Great video brother
Cant wait for control 201 very informative
That is an instant reversing motor with a simpac switch im guessing. I recently had a run in with one for a bay door.
The wiering to interlocked contacts was a new experience for me. One example of a wiring diagram amd the physical situation not looking the same. 😅
Finally, just jump in to my favorite part Also, I want to learn more about protect relay
Love the content! Could you do a video showing a PLC or some relays/contacts and how you would draw out the control logic while trouble shooting? I find I’m about to grasp the concept, but eventually get confused because I’m trying to hold it all in my head instead of on paper
You mean you can get confused by "Examine If Open (XIO)" and "Examine If Closed (XIC)"? Me too at first. My favorite was Always False Instruction (AFI). When troubleshooting, not editing. Writing logic is like writing a story. A hack can pump something out and you get the plot alright. Then you get an artist that makes you want to reread the story and really think about it. I've seen some logic that sotra/kinda worked and then I've seen some that just made perfect sense. I remember a customer accusing one of our engineers of making some questionable edits in a program. When I looked at it, I knew right away that there was no way that ADHD engineer wrote something so sloppy. My 2 cents. Have a great day!
@@berthongo8531 I know Allen Bradley is industry standard but as GE PLC guy they overcomplicated normally open and closed contacts by calling them that.
If not written down its easy to get lost in ladder logic
A good video for you to do is 0 to 10 volt LED controls for multi fixture installations . A big room with a lot of 2 by 2 fixtures . Controlled by a dimmer , preferably 1 dimmer.
I am more experienced in industrial controls and instrumentation. Done that for 22+ years. Now I’m an electrician apprentice. Electrical trade is a big and vast area. No one is going to know everything. The fun thing is to try, but realize that it is impossible. But trying is exciting.
Can you please do a video where you do an installation on controls like one of the examples you gave? Like your videos, they've helped me.
Could u go more into latching contactor ...love how u explain ima 3 year apprentice
You really are doing gods work even for Journeyman who need to go over this again and again and again! To get this in our head keep doing what your doing! Will probably buy a T-Shirt or hat soon after I get paid!
Can you make a video on different types of electricians and sub fields?
New subscriber here. Maybe you could do an episode about "Saw Stop" or similar saw safety controls. How they work and how to install them.
Another episode that would be interesting would be about VFD's and "soft start" motor controls. There purpose and how they function.
We take care of UPS distribution in New england. As a 3rd year apprentice diving into this, thank you.
14:45
Can you do another video explaining the difference between magnetic contactors and relays used in lighting control ( douglas low voltage light relays ) ?. Wich one is better to use? .
And also could explain low voltage heating relays called " Triac " .
I got to school and I'm currently learning industrial controls. Ive wired a Nema size magnetic starter to reverse a 3 phare motor using 240v. Ive done many projects with final drawings of wiring diagrams. I learned to troubleshoot with continuity, resistance, and AC or DC voltage with my fluke. My proffesor always says, 'trust nothing check everything'. Ive also stepped down a control circuit of 240VAC to run a DC motor of 120V using a transformer and rectifier. How can I get a job doing electrical maintenance if i dont hace experience?
and this is how your phone works great video
3:00 - LOL, That youtube compression got those boxes bouncing all over! Unless its my RTX 4k upscale settings on my 40 series... either way, the camera going around the boxes has them stretching up and down and side to side looks like they are dancing.
Dang man you are more versatile than I thought. When do you have time to learn more?
Great job explaining controls. I think the best example of controls is either refrigeration or large air handlers.
First! Lol. But seriously very good video. Very informative.
I
What about Automation? Modicon, EcoStruxure?
im having difficulties deciding whether i should go for a automotive technician, welder, or electrician.
You should be an electrician. You will have a sports car , nice house , beautiful girl and a million dollar tool bag.
Be an electrician. You'll always have a job, the trade, while physically demanding, is generally less hard on the body than other trades, and there's SO much variety and avenues you can take within the trade.
Is the Discord private? On a prior video he says join the Discord server. Can’t find it. Any help is greatly appreciated
Another thing some Commercial and Industrial companies want employees to have is HVAC control experience.
Can you refer the typical lifespan on a contactor? I know its coils tend to fail a lot
They can last years. If you’re having coils fail on a contactor I wouldn’t buy that brand anymore lol.
Probably depends on how many hours it is energized a day.
That’s funny I had to trouble shot a overload on a contact today
What does FLA stand for on motor ?
"Full load amps." It means the amount of current the motor will draw when it's operating at full load.
@@mystified_dignity thnx
Most use plc and vfd are more modern
How much control could a control control if a control could control a control?
I’m fired. 😂
Great video as always tho lol!
What's the difference between overload and overcurrent?
Overcurrent protection is protection against excessive currents or current beyond the acceptable current rating of equipment. It generally operates instantly. Short circuit is a type of overcurrent. Magnetic circuit breakers, fuses and overcurrent relays are commonly used to provide overcurrent protection.
Overload protection is a protection against a running overcurrent that would cause overheating of the protected equipment. Hence, an overload is also type of overcurrent. Overload protection typically operates on an inverse time curve where the tripping time becomes less as the current increases. Overload relays as well as “slow blow” fuses are commonly used to provide overload protection.
Some devices provide both overcurrent and overload protection. A thermal-magnetic circuit breaker has both thermal (overload) and magnetic (overcurrent) elements. Both elements operate as described above. Likewise the dual element fuse has both instantaneous and inverse time characteristics in the same fuse providing both overcurrent and overload protection.
@Ike Rivers thank you brother! 👌
Wired these things for years. The bad part is when the "PART" comes in defective.
Takes time out of the day. OR the other thing is when other "techs" decide to insert "fix it for the moment" parts just to have 20 recalls to get it working again ......until "THE RIGHT TECH" just fixes what caused the problem in the first place! Guess who that was most of the time.
"I'd make a bad salesman because I'm too honest"
I'm glad that's over.
Man! I never realized that he was so controlling 😜
I seen a bunch of interesting automated stuff at a car wash
Is that a Naruto and sauske tattoo?
do a whole video longer than this one on motors. types, how they work, demos, etc!
Controls... Wait till you get into electronic camming/gearing. That's where the magic happens. 😅
What's that
Meh, Schneider is ok, been using them,Allen Bradley, other IEC style contactors for years. There's worse out there. Be SURE of your current draw/ voltage before you order your parts. Also, be sure you read the data sheet! Your coil CAN BE A SEPARATE PART !!
One of the engineers where I work didn't, cost us a week of waiting, plus expedited shipping.
🎮
Where's the reversing contactors? 😁
New ink??
1 HP == ~7000 chicken power.
I identify as a quarter sized horse with 4 good legs, but I am not a pony.😂
I made my wife watch this. She said you don't control me. she grabbed me. She wasn't turned on anymore. We broke contact. She went back to sleep.
Her legs are normally open, but you you pushed a button, and now are normally closed
@@shanemichael7978 😆
Weak commercial electrician 😂
Not gon lie, the horse joke was funny, I chuckled a lil bit