Four brothers Boletus (edulis, reticulatus/aestivalis, pinophilus, aereus) in the same habitat

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 มี.ค. 2024
  • 4 types of edible boletus in the same habitat. Mixed forest (beech and oak) up to 400 m above sea level....
    Boletus edulis (English: cep, penny bun, porcino or porcini) is a basidiomycete fungus, and the type species of the genus Boletus. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere across Europe, Asia, and North America, it does not occur naturally in the Southern Hemisphere, although it has been introduced to southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil. Several closely related European mushrooms formerly thought to be varieties or forms of B. edulis have been shown using molecular phylogenetic analysis to be distinct species, and others previously classed as separate species are conspecific with this species. The western North American species commonly known as the California king bolete (Boletus edulis var. grandedulis) is a large, darker-coloured variant first formally identified in 2007.
    The fungus grows in deciduous and coniferous forests and tree plantations, forming symbiotic ectomycorrhizal associations with living trees by enveloping the tree's underground roots with sheaths of fungal tissue. The fungus produces spore-bearing fruit bodies above ground in summer and autumn. The fruit body has a large brown cap which on occasion can reach 30 cm (12 in), rarely 40 cm (16 in) in diameter and 3 kg (6 lb 10 oz) in weight. Like other boletes, it has tubes extending downward from the underside of the cap, rather than gills; spores escape at maturity through the tube openings, or pores. The pore surface of the B. edulis fruit body is whitish when young, but ages to a greenish-yellow. The stout stipe, or stem, is white or yellowish in colour, up to 20 cm (8 in), rarely 30 cm (12 in) tall and 10 cm (4 in) thick, and partially covered with a raised network pattern, or reticulations.
    Prized as an ingredient in various culinary dishes, B. edulis is an edible mushroom held in high regard in many cuisines, and is commonly prepared and eaten in soups, pasta, or risotto. The mushroom is low in fat and digestible carbohydrates, and high in protein, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre. Although it is sold commercially, it is very difficult to cultivate. Available fresh in autumn throughout Europe and Russia, it is most often dried, packaged, and distributed worldwide. It keeps its flavour after drying, and it is then reconstituted and used in cooking. B. edulis is one of the few fungi sold pickled.
    Boletus reticulatus (alternately known as Boletus aestivalis (Paulet) Fr.), and commonly referred to as the summer cep is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus Boletus. It occurs in deciduous forests of Europe, where it forms a symbiotic mycorrhizal relationship with species of oak (Quercus). The fungus produces fruiting bodies in the summer months which are edible and popularly collected. The summer cep was formally described by Jacob Christian Schäffer as Boletus reticulatus in 1774, which took precedence over B. aestivalis as described by Jean-Jacques Paulet in 1793.
    Boletus pinophilus Pilát & Dermek is an edible mushroom from the boletus family (Boletaceae). The cap is reddish brown, initially semicircular, later bulging, covered with white powder that remains on the edge, up to 25 cm wide. The tubes are initially white, later yellow, finally green, the holes are round and small. The stipe is light brown, covered with a strong reddish mesh, hard, thickened, fleshy, 5-15 cm high, 5-8 cm in diameter. The flesh is white, slightly blues in the air above the tubes, hard, with a pleasant smell and taste. The spores are spindly, smooth, the spore print is pale greenish-yellow. Subspecies B pinicola var. fuscoruber does not have mesh on the stem, but it is rare. It is also edible. Habitat Grows in coniferous (pine, fir), deciduous (beech, chestnut) and mixed forests. We can find it from April to November. Etymology The species name pinophilus is a combination of the Greek words pinus (pine) and phileo (friend), possibly because of its most common habitat. In foreign languages, the names are pine bolete, pinewood king bolete (Eng.), Kiefern-Steinpilz, Rothütige Steinpilz (German), cèpe des pins, bolet pinicole (Fr.), boleto pinícola (Spanish), borov goban, blueberry ( slo.). Uses It is an edible mushroom, of excellent quality. Source: Borov vrganj www.plantea.com.hr/borov-vrganj
    Boletus aereus, the dark cep or bronze bolete, is a highly prized and much sought-after edible mushroom in the family Boletaceae. #new #viral #trending #nature #wild #forest #pilze #foryou #mushroom

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