Since this is an older AMG video, maybe no one sees this comment, but this video is a gem for those of us working on stuck trail arms. I've watched the video multiple times over a long period. I am finally taking the time to work all these drills slowly and diligently and, oh my, I believe I am on the road to stuck trail arm recovery! And if you look up the Tiger/Butch/Peter video...notice that Butch said Tiger worked on his drill for over a year to start to get it right. So, be patient with yourself.
Thanks for the video. My hips are super quick and I constantly get the club stuck behind. I will definitely try the belt buckle drill to see if I can get it figured out.
This is exactly what started to wrong with my swing after finally getting into a single digit handicap. I was focusing so much on firing my hips my arms were getting stuck and I started flipping so much with my right arm my wrist began to hurt. I was hitting big hooks with occasional pushes when I did fire that right hand enough. This is a great video, thank you.
I have a tendency to come out of my spine angle (early extend) because my hips fire too early and I get trapped in the downswing. Those last two drills will probably make a world of difference to me and get me down to low single digits. You guys are legends! This is the best golf video I’ve watched.
First, you guys are the absolute best, thanks for putting so much time into these videos; they are priceless. This specific issue is very hard for me to overcome. Tried several drills, but at full speed the problem remains. I'm right-handed playing left-handed (like at hockey and baseball, etc.) and other than at slow speed, my left elbow just won't externally rotate and pass in front of me. I fire the hips and flip, just like that video of Tiger and Butch (had seen that gem). What seems to help more than other things is a thought Padraig mentioned in a TH-cam video to "drive your back hip UNDER the front hip". Seems to help my hip thrust, but my left elbow, being my weak hand, I'm not sure will ever point down around impact like the pros.
I’ve been trying to figure out why my body beats my arms to delivery for months now. I had no idea this was just another form of getting stuck. I can’t wait to try the tiger drill. Thanks guys!
This is gold !!! Another way to think about is I try to think about where I want my club to exit.... for right hand golfer, I'd like to exit low left to get shaft lean and lots of compression of the ball. If I want to exit low left, I ask myself where do I want to be in space in my backswing that allows me to freely and efficiently swing to this low left exit position without manipulation and fastest and easiest direct path. This is very similar to your concept of start from your finish position and you will never have a bad back swing. I was stuck and knew I had to hit the golf ball from the inside so I would drop my right shoulder hit lots of blocks, hooks and high shots because I could not compress and get shaft lean. This video is amazing
ok, while I felt that other topics were just excess talk and not enough critical ideas ... this is easily the fullest and most compact discussion of "stuck" on the net. I'm a "sad 7" handicap that has a battle w/ stuck going back 40 years. I'm just starting to exercise the muscles w/ these tips, but mentally I feel renewed and hopeful to retrain mind/muscle memory to avoid that oh-so-bloody "right to right" shot off the tee and the reflexive line of "crap, provisional". thx for this one Boyz!
Great video. Love the Tiger drill of the club beating the belt buckle to the ball, really see where that can get the club moving correctly on the downswing.
Thanks for the video. Know it’s been out a while but Can’t wait to try this tomorrow. Probably hit the range for 2 hours then have a round. I come back inside on purpose because it makes me hit further and better contact. Problem is my hips are fast and furious. So going to try that tiger drill and see if it gets my hooks straightened out.
@@RobBiagi Then maybe this fall and winter we'll do some. Neither of us is too excited about filming in 100+ degrees, we get lots of overheating warnings from the equipment and us😊
Athletic Motion Golf - I totally understand. I know that (on-course vlogs) are extra time-consuming and tough to do in heat or cold. We all benefit a TON from what you’ve FREELY shared with us, so thanks! I shot 1-under par last week (career-best!), using what I’ve learned from AMG. 2 eagles on the front nine! 😳
To gain motion quickly and have it last longer, do the mobility exercise toward the good side. Example, if you turn great to the left and are tight on the right, do several turns to the left (end range) then recheck the right. 90% chance your other motion will have improved significantly and it will last 10x longer than stretching to the tight side. Try it. It will change your flexibility. Alan
Great drills to do I just assigned these to 4 students 5 min every day in their office they all have get stuck on backswing because of poor trail arm mechanics
I'm a d1 wrestler and a former gymnast...I have super fast hips and the tiger drill does help but I cant mentally accept it yet...it feels like I'm so steep and out if sequence...on video it looks great but when I get in the course I just cant seem to beat my mind let me do that...so I keep getting stuck bad...I dont know how to get over it...I've done that tiger drill for hours and hours on end
If you have a drill that helps, but you aren't seeing the changes at full speed out on the course, then that typically means you haven't done the drill enough. Hours isn't enough to change a motor pattern like that. It takes a tour player at least 6 months to make a change like that to have it become doable out in competition.
How do you get open at impact without going hard with the hips on the downswing? Hit it far enough but lack consistent good contact. I tend to slide at impact rather than turn and don't know why. Backswing is good and trackman numbers are good on good shots.
Awesome video. On the Tiger drill, I guess it’s normal to “feel” handsy and that the hands/arms feel like they initiate the downswing rather than the legs?
I really enjoy watching your videos fellas! I was wondering if you could do one on the upper body lunging down fron the top of the backswing? I struggle keeping my height which leads me either popping up and flipping or digging ditches!
We can, Layne, but something to help in the mean time... when that happens, we typically see the cause coming from having the lead arm moving too far across the chest in the backswing. When that happens, there's a very natural response to get the change of direction started with a lurch from the upper body.
Unreal video. That club across the chest rotation drill helped me get the proper feeling for the first time this season. I’ve watched hundreds of videos and this one really drove it home.
Literally what I have been doing the last few weeks is a feeling of only using arms in the downswing. I'm a club longer now and eliminated thin strikes
Hi there. Does this backswing drill suggest that the arms are not in play at all? Basically takeaway with Chest/shoulder turn ONLY until half way or 3/4 wrist hinge? ( One shouldn't start takeaway with wrist or arms ? Am I correct?) Thank you very much
@@stepyourgameupplaya9360 That's not our favorite type of training aid, one that does the motion for you. You find those a lot in golf and they have a poor track record with success because the golfer isn't the one doing the motion. If the band was pulling the club into a steep position, then the golfer would be the one having to do the shallowing - we much prefer those types of devices that force the golfer to do the correct motions. Martin has some great products, and we haven't actually used this one yet but those are our thoughts on training aids in general.
Question From the top, which part if the shaft do we swing down towards the ball? Is it the 6 o'clock or the 3 o clock side of the shaft. 12 o'clock being the top of the shaft at address
So, I'm sure you've heard this before. Sometimes, when I'm struggling with my swing, I'll get to the top of the back swing, and somewhere in transition I'll get "lost." Suddenly it feels like I have nothing to create speed with. I'll finish with a very awkward feeling. I know what a good swing feels like, and this is not it. The ball will fly short and hooky. It's like it feels like there's nothing to resist against. 4 hcp. Any clues?
sabr686 just a guess, but it could be when you are doing your backswing , your shift or lean your hips (and buttocks) towards the target (as shown what not to do in this video at 10:39). When you do you can’t create power anymore as your hips are already extended and all you can do is move your arms and not body, so you will get and feel no power and because you’re arms do all the work your ball will likely hook and fall short. Just a guess as to why you’re feeling that way.
Louis Oosthuizen mentioned in an article that he felt the arms fall and the body follow. Regarding the fast hips, and the hips moving away from the club and hands... Is not the issue sometimes the left hip does not rotate back with a left leg drive, thus the hips just slide or run away from hands and arms? That lead leg then just posts up on the left side, left hip never turns , and the club just stalls.... In the Tiger drill, is not the same thing achieved by syncing the hands with the right thigh into impact? Great video, always good content..Thanks
I was little confused by this video, specifically the section about the shoulder joint and fake turn if you will. In the pro v am left arm across the chest video you guys posted (forgive me I forgot the title) you mentioned the pro used about 18 degree of movement while the am used about 43 degrees of left arm across the chest. For someone who is less flexible, do we want to incorporate the shoulder turn used in the video above but also flex the right should back a tad to decrease the left arm angle across the chest? Hope this is understandable. thanks!
Sung hyun park from lpga needs to watch this video. She has a very similar hip-firing swing like young tiger and can generate huge club head speed, but suffers in consistency.
Could you explain "out of sequence"? I think its what happens from the top of the swing and down to impact, but you mention it often but I must admit I dont really know what it means.
Idk why channels only cover the backswing issues. More commonly people can’t move their hips out of the way. But it’s frequently not mentioned on these videos. These are mistakes that new players make. There are many more causes for getting stuck that isn’t takeaway or backswing related. And they are just as common in good golfers.
@@AthleticMotionGolf yes I do, I’m the PGA pro at my local course. There’s just more than three reasons as to why people get suck and you have missed a big one. You didn’t mention anything so do with downswing sequencing etc. which in my experience is just as common as backswing issues. But so many coaches are adamant that you don’t need to teach downswing if your backswing is perfect. But it’s not true. Early extension will lead to this exact same issue. Hands being too slow. Even poor alignment can lead to getting stuck. Why not mention all of the reasons rather than only three? This stuff teaches my students the wrong thing becusse they beleive their issue is caused by something completely different.
@@crispouk3070 the question was “do you work with PGA Tour players AND regular ams? You said, yes. Is that “yes” to both? You also said we ONLY make backswing videos. Just the smallest bit of effort would educate yourself on how wrong that is. We measure sequencing - along with everything else that happens in the swing. The backswing is 3/4 of the golfswing. Coaches who teach it’s okay to just focus on the downswing is one of the reasons why our channel is popular. Because hasn’t worked. Early extension happens in the backswing. Teach what you like. Better yet, start your own channel and prove to golfers why what you teach is correct. It’s what we do.
Idk what it is, but feeling like I swing half to 3 quarter I can hit the ball like a club shorter than a full swing but it’s so much more clean and crispy. For instance a pw i can hit 145 but I’ll block it on a full swing but if I feel shortened up I’ll still hit it 135 but straight. Hybrids woods especially. Almost the lighter I swing the same distance
I feel like this might be one of those things that fix 5 things that some coaches are bad identifying or explaining. I have wasted money on a few lessons.
Get your FREE distance injection here: freedrivedistance.com/
Since this is an older AMG video, maybe no one sees this comment, but this video is a gem for those of us working on stuck trail arms. I've watched the video multiple times over a long period. I am finally taking the time to work all these drills slowly and diligently and, oh my, I believe I am on the road to stuck trail arm recovery! And if you look up the Tiger/Butch/Peter video...notice that Butch said Tiger worked on his drill for over a year to start to get it right. So, be patient with yourself.
Thanks for the video. My hips are super quick and I constantly get the club stuck behind. I will definitely try the belt buckle drill to see if I can get it figured out.
This is exactly what started to wrong with my swing after finally getting into a single digit handicap. I was focusing so much on firing my hips my arms were getting stuck and I started flipping so much with my right arm my wrist began to hurt. I was hitting big hooks with occasional pushes when I did fire that right hand enough. This is a great video, thank you.
This is the one channel everyone should be watching. Bravo, gents. 🤙🏻
Great lesson. The third stuck example is what I am suffering from at this time. The drills really helped. Thank you.
I have a tendency to come out of my spine angle (early extend) because my hips fire too early and I get trapped in the downswing. Those last two drills will probably make a world of difference to me and get me down to low single digits.
You guys are legends! This is the best golf video I’ve watched.
First, you guys are the absolute best, thanks for putting so much time into these videos; they are priceless.
This specific issue is very hard for me to overcome. Tried several drills, but at full speed the problem remains. I'm right-handed playing left-handed (like at hockey and baseball, etc.) and other than at slow speed, my left elbow just won't externally rotate and pass in front of me. I fire the hips and flip, just like that video of Tiger and Butch (had seen that gem). What seems to help more than other things is a thought Padraig mentioned in a TH-cam video to "drive your back hip UNDER the front hip". Seems to help my hip thrust, but my left elbow, being my weak hand, I'm not sure will ever point down around impact like the pros.
The one handed drill was exactly what i needed to feel what the golf swing should feel like. Thanks amg
Aw man! that drill at 13:15 just cured years of misconceptions and pushed shot for me. AMG is awesome.
Excellent fellas. Huge for my game, thanks again.
As always, great video guys! Miss you up in Cartersville!
Thank you Eric for another great one! I wish you were nearby!
Great lesson guys and really helped me
Great stuff guys. One of the best videos on any site. Thanks and very helpful
Love the Kessler/Harmon/Tiger GC reference! By far and away my favorite informative episode, even to today.
It's got to be one of the classics in the history of swing "insider information"
That Tiger tip is gold!
This has to be one of my favourite and most useful videos. Love the David Toms drill and Tiger drill.
Those drills are all-timers😊
This is a great addition to the "Fix Your Driver Slice In Under 3 Minutes" video. A lot of valuable information here. Thanks guys :)
Glad you enjoyed it!
Watching as I’m laying down. Can’t wait to wake up and try this
I’ve been trying to figure out why my body beats my arms to delivery for months now. I had no idea this was just another form of getting stuck. I can’t wait to try the tiger drill. Thanks guys!
This is gold !!! Another way to think about is I try to think about where I want my club to exit.... for right hand golfer, I'd like to exit low left to get shaft lean and lots of compression of the ball. If I want to exit low left, I ask myself where do I want to be in space in my backswing that allows me to freely and efficiently swing to this low left exit position without manipulation and fastest and easiest direct path. This is very similar to your concept of start from your finish position and you will never have a bad back swing.
I was stuck and knew I had to hit the golf ball from the inside so I would drop my right shoulder hit lots of blocks, hooks and high shots because I could not compress and get shaft lean. This video is amazing
ok, while I felt that other topics were just excess talk and not enough critical ideas ... this is easily the fullest and most compact discussion of "stuck" on the net. I'm a "sad 7" handicap that has a battle w/ stuck going back 40 years. I'm just starting to exercise the muscles w/ these tips, but mentally I feel renewed and hopeful to retrain mind/muscle memory to avoid that oh-so-bloody "right to right" shot off the tee and the reflexive line of "crap, provisional". thx for this one Boyz!
Amazing vid guys ..I've been doing the ole move for far to long ..great drills also thanks for the help ...this will really help with timing 😃😃
Really like the thought of rotating the rib cage going back. Helped a lot thanks!
Awesome👊
Great video. Love the Tiger drill of the club beating the belt buckle to the ball, really see where that can get the club moving correctly on the downswing.
Yessir👍
Excellent instruction! Excellent tips!
Thanks for the video. Know it’s been out a while but Can’t wait to try this tomorrow. Probably hit the range for 2 hours then have a round. I come back inside on purpose because it makes me hit further and better contact. Problem is my hips are fast and furious. So going to try that tiger drill and see if it gets my hooks straightened out.
Great Video! Been fighting this stuck issue forever! Thanks!!
Glad it helped, John👊
Outstanding explanation and drills!
🙏👊
Great video!! 👍🏻👍🏻
I get stuck by folding my trail arm on the way down. Holding that angle and straighting during the downswing helped me
You guys are awesome. Thank you so much.
Excellent advice gents, thank you for the video
Thanks for checking it out, David👊
U guys are awesome! Holla from Vietnam!
Great video guys
Such a great video and very well explained, loving your videos and love delving into the archives for previous videos, brilliant golf explanation!!
Word. Trying this tomorrow
Thanks coaches!
🙏👊
great video guys. I'm getting to work. Thank you!
Get after it👊
I really wanna see a course vlog of you guys!! Let's see all these instructions in motion!!
You think folks would be interested in watching two guys play holes?
Athletic Motion Golf - I would! 👍🏼
@@RobBiagi Then maybe this fall and winter we'll do some. Neither of us is too excited about filming in 100+ degrees, we get lots of overheating warnings from the equipment and us😊
Athletic Motion Golf - I totally understand. I know that (on-course vlogs) are extra time-consuming and tough to do in heat or cold. We all benefit a TON from what you’ve FREELY shared with us, so thanks! I shot 1-under par last week (career-best!), using what I’ve learned from AMG. 2 eagles on the front nine! 😳
@@RobBiagi 2 🦅on the front?!👊 Now that's how you shoot a career-best in style! Awesome💪
Awesome content as always guys!
Great video lads!
🙏💯
great video for me. I'm the king of getting that right arm stuck behind me and spinning out
To gain motion quickly and have it last longer, do the mobility exercise toward the good side. Example, if you turn great to the left and are tight on the right, do several turns to the left (end range) then recheck the right. 90% chance your other motion will have improved significantly and it will last 10x longer than stretching to the tight side. Try it. It will change your flexibility. Alan
Great video! Very helpful. I have a tendency to overfold my right arm at the top and get it behind my body. Good things to think about here.
So many golfers do too. Hopefully this helps🤞
I wish you fellas did these videos every day 👍🏌️♂️
Peter are you on Instagram or Facebook by chance? We release content on those platforms every day😉
Great drills to do I just assigned these to 4 students 5 min every day in their office they all have get stuck on backswing because of poor trail arm mechanics
Love it, so important💪
This is really good stuff!
Great video been struggling with this . Thanks
Let us know how it goes👍
I'm a d1 wrestler and a former gymnast...I have super fast hips and the tiger drill does help but I cant mentally accept it yet...it feels like I'm so steep and out if sequence...on video it looks great but when I get in the course I just cant seem to beat my mind let me do that...so I keep getting stuck bad...I dont know how to get over it...I've done that tiger drill for hours and hours on end
If you have a drill that helps, but you aren't seeing the changes at full speed out on the course, then that typically means you haven't done the drill enough. Hours isn't enough to change a motor pattern like that. It takes a tour player at least 6 months to make a change like that to have it become doable out in competition.
How do you get open at impact without going hard with the hips on the downswing? Hit it far enough but lack consistent good contact. I tend to slide at impact rather than turn and don't know why. Backswing is good and trackman numbers are good on good shots.
Awesome video. On the Tiger drill, I guess it’s normal to “feel” handsy and that the hands/arms feel like they initiate the downswing rather than the legs?
I really enjoy watching your videos fellas! I was wondering if you could do one on the upper body lunging down fron the top of the backswing? I struggle keeping my height which leads me either popping up and flipping or digging ditches!
We can, Layne, but something to help in the mean time... when that happens, we typically see the cause coming from having the lead arm moving too far across the chest in the backswing. When that happens, there's a very natural response to get the change of direction started with a lurch from the upper body.
Very useful- thanks
Hi - around 10:40 you refer to a video about not twisting your hip towards target in backswing - can you submit a link to that video? Thanks!
Unreal video. That club across the chest rotation drill helped me get the proper feeling for the first time this season. I’ve watched hundreds of videos and this one really drove it home.
Literally what I have been doing the last few weeks is a feeling of only using arms in the downswing. I'm a club longer now and eliminated thin strikes
Awesome! Nice work👊
Did the classic swings(Jones-Sneed-Hogan) have to same problems with there swings. They all fired their hips really fast. Thanks
Hi there. Does this backswing drill suggest that the arms are not in play at all? Basically takeaway with Chest/shoulder turn ONLY until half way or 3/4 wrist hinge? ( One shouldn't start takeaway with wrist or arms ? Am I correct?) Thank you very much
Not at all. The arms definitely need to do their job in the takeaway 👍
How do you turn the fan back properly please. Thanks 😊
Can you please review the tourstriker planemate training aid? Thanks
Do you know much about it? Like does it pull the shaft down to a shallower position?
@@AthleticMotionGolf That is what I understand. It helps shallow the club because of the tension.
@@stepyourgameupplaya9360 That's not our favorite type of training aid, one that does the motion for you. You find those a lot in golf and they have a poor track record with success because the golfer isn't the one doing the motion. If the band was pulling the club into a steep position, then the golfer would be the one having to do the shallowing - we much prefer those types of devices that force the golfer to do the correct motions. Martin has some great products, and we haven't actually used this one yet but those are our thoughts on training aids in general.
Question
From the top, which part if the shaft do we swing down towards the ball? Is it the 6 o'clock or the 3 o clock side of the shaft. 12 o'clock being the top of the shaft at address
So, I'm sure you've heard this before. Sometimes, when I'm struggling with my swing, I'll get to the top of the back swing, and somewhere in transition I'll get "lost." Suddenly it feels like I have nothing to create speed with. I'll finish with a very awkward feeling. I know what a good swing feels like, and this is not it. The ball will fly short and hooky. It's like it feels like there's nothing to resist against. 4 hcp. Any clues?
sabr686 just a guess, but it could be when you are doing your backswing , your shift or lean your hips (and buttocks) towards the target (as shown what not to do in this video at 10:39). When you do you can’t create power anymore as your hips are already extended and all you can do is move your arms and not body, so you will get and feel no power and because you’re arms do all the work your ball will likely hook and fall short.
Just a guess as to why you’re feeling that way.
Louis Oosthuizen mentioned in an article that he felt the arms fall and the body follow.
Regarding the fast hips, and the hips moving away from the club and hands...
Is not the issue sometimes the left hip does not rotate back with a left leg drive, thus the hips just slide or run away from hands and arms?
That lead leg then just posts up on the left side, left hip never turns , and the club just stalls....
In the Tiger drill, is not the same thing achieved by syncing the hands with the right thigh into impact?
Great video, always good content..Thanks
I remember that episode with tiger Butch Harmon and Peter whatever happened to Peter Kessler
I was little confused by this video, specifically the section about the shoulder joint and fake turn if you will. In the pro v am left arm across the chest video you guys posted (forgive me I forgot the title) you mentioned the pro used about 18 degree of movement while the am used about 43 degrees of left arm across the chest. For someone who is less flexible, do we want to incorporate the shoulder turn used in the video above but also flex the right should back a tad to decrease the left arm angle across the chest? Hope this is understandable. thanks!
Sung hyun park from lpga needs to watch this video. She has a very similar hip-firing swing like young tiger and can generate huge club head speed, but suffers in consistency.
So sounds great but with a Senior golfer can these drills still be useful due limited flexibility
Absolutely, Doub, we use these drills in senior lessons all the time 👍
Great video! Would you recommend a slight "caddie drag" to get the momentum going in the takeaway?
happens to me more than i like, should really help, stuck steve.
Is getting stuck the same as a pause? I find the pause a great feel to get the lower body moving to sling the club
No I would not consider those to be the same thing. 👍
You guys look a little like Gilligan and the Skipper. Great video though....great tips.
Could you explain "out of sequence"? I think its what happens from the top of the swing and down to impact, but you mention it often but I must admit I dont really know what it means.
it means either your lower body is out racing your arms or vise versa
Can the club get too far behind you in the backswing because the shoulders are closed at address?
I'd like to know how you do this and not feel like your swinging over the top.
Great video, but it was a bit nerve racking because I kept expecting somebody to get hit in the head with a club.
Idk why channels only cover the backswing issues. More commonly people can’t move their hips out of the way. But it’s frequently not mentioned on these videos. These are mistakes that new players make. There are many more causes for getting stuck that isn’t takeaway or backswing related. And they are just as common in good golfers.
@@crispouk3070 do you teach golf for a living, working with PGATour players as well as regular am golfers?
@@AthleticMotionGolf yes I do, I’m the PGA pro at my local course. There’s just more than three reasons as to why people get suck and you have missed a big one.
You didn’t mention anything so do with downswing sequencing etc. which in my experience is just as common as backswing issues. But so many coaches are adamant that you don’t need to teach downswing if your backswing is perfect. But it’s not true.
Early extension will lead to this exact same issue. Hands being too slow. Even poor alignment can lead to getting stuck. Why not mention all of the reasons rather than only three? This stuff teaches my students the wrong thing becusse they beleive their issue is caused by something completely different.
@@crispouk3070 the question was “do you work with PGA Tour players AND regular ams? You said, yes. Is that “yes” to both?
You also said we ONLY make backswing videos. Just the smallest bit of effort would educate yourself on how wrong that is.
We measure sequencing - along with everything else that happens in the swing. The backswing is 3/4 of the golfswing. Coaches who teach it’s okay to just focus on the downswing is one of the reasons why our channel is popular. Because hasn’t worked.
Early extension happens in the backswing.
Teach what you like. Better yet, start your own channel and prove to golfers why what you teach is correct. It’s what we do.
Idk what it is, but feeling like I swing half to 3 quarter I can hit the ball like a club shorter than a full swing but it’s so much more clean and crispy. For instance a pw i can hit 145 but I’ll block it on a full swing but if I feel shortened up I’ll still hit it 135 but straight. Hybrids woods especially. Almost the lighter I swing the same distance
i'm gonna go to the range, start hitting hit right and left, and tomorrow the first video in my feed is going to be : How not to play army golf.
I feel like this might be one of those things that fix 5 things that some coaches are bad identifying or explaining. I have wasted money on a few lessons.
Yessir👊
Fun fact: Peter Kessler is officially mad as a hatter nowadays on Twitter. Kinda sad to see senility set in before reaching 70.
I've heard about a few of those exchanges, whoa.
Vote for Trump so you can afford to play golf.
The handsomely spleen adversely risk because salmon consquentially remember amidst a bite-sized mattock. graceful, goofy half-sister