Machinery, weapons, ammunition… it’s a mess, and probably one of the reasons why every nation used their own Tanks, Shermans… because the Germans captured hundreds that was a different thing
@@RebeccaCampbell1969 The Fins also used the engines they got out of Russian planes they shot down because they had a large supply of them after a while.
Plus having people that know how to run them. In days of sail, at some point, they are all sail boats with cannons that had been used about the same way for centuries. Officers wanted to obtain the rank of post captain. At that rank, you got paid full wage even when that country wasn't at war. Lower ranks got half pay to nothing. Needless to say, many of these half pay or no pay officers went to fight for who was at war to get paid. So even if you had a secret innovation, it wasn't a secret innovation for long.
Italy and France, however, did make significant use during the interwar period of German war prize ships. Because neither of them were in any economic condition to built as many new ships as they needed, so the non-standard machinery was just somethin they had to deal with. To a lesser extent, France also made use of German and Italian destroyers after WW2.
Well, that's not a problem if the crew includes a multi-skilled handyman like myself. Are all the individual ship controls labeled in Japanese or German? No problem.... I don't read or speak those languages, but I'll still have ALL the ship's systems up and running within roughly 2 hours of capturing it! 😉👍
I have a set of optical sights from one of Stewart's Japanese AA guns. In the original wood storage box marked PB-102 on the metal tag on the lid. A Japanese friend translated everything for me.
In a very similar story, the elderly British destroyer HMS Thracian was damaged by the Japanese during their assault on Hong Kong and then captured by the Japanese. She was repaired by the Japanese and entered their service as Patrol Boat No. 101. She also survived the war and was found by the British in Japan after the war.
IIRC, she was sunk as a target after the war. As for the successor DE, you can visit her in Galveston's Seawolf Park, along with the slayer of the Japanese aircraft carrier Shukaku, USS Cavalla.
I Find It As A Tragic Waste: When Recovered From The Japanese Navy In 1945, There Was Already A New Destroyer Named Stewart To Replace The Lady They Thought Was Lost. Still Afloat, Seemingly Ready To Carry On The Fight, There Was No Money Available To Return Her To Her Original "FOUR-FLUSHER", (Four Stacks/Flush Deck,) Configuration, Nor Do They Want Her In Her Japanese Rebuilt Condition (As To Rub Salt On Still-Fresh Wounds So Soon After The War!) Nor, Like Dewey's Cruiser "OLYMPIA", Did They Want To Have It "In Mothballs" For Decades Until Restoration Funds Were Raised, So They Made Her A Target! But If They HAD A Chance To Restore Her, She Would Be The "HOPE DIAMOND" In ANY Naval Or Maritime Museum!
I used to use the Mess Hall of the USS Stewart in Galveston as a study place whenever I was cramming for a hard exam. They would often loop 50's and 60's music through the sound system, so it always felt like I was in my own little time capsule while I was there. Highly recommend seeing the Stewert, along with the USS Seawolf! Such an interesting little Tin Can. It still amazes me how many of the 'Four Stacker' type were built, and how long some of them served. I think the last one still in service was only decommissioned within the last two decades (correct me if I'm wrong, but I thought either the Taiwanese navy, or the South Korean Navy had one until the 2000's). Regardless, these destroyers are such an underappreciated workhorse of the American navy. I'm not sure if you've done a video about this or not, but I figured you'd be interested in the 'Honda Point' incident. About half a dozen of these four stackers ran aground badly on the California coast, and it cost a few sailors their lives alongside a few of the ships being totally lost. Would love to see your video on the incident, as there are only a handful of reputable ones out there who talk about it. Always love to learn more from your vids! Can't wait for the next one!
The last US 4 stacker retired and scrapped by '47. The Brits had one that had been loaned to the Russians that was returned in '49 (I believe) in abysmal condition and promptly scrapped. Do note the ex-USS Putnam, DD-287), one of four sold civilian in 1930 and converted to fast banana transports, survived as the SS Teapa in the Carribean until '55.
This mirrors the life of Torpedo Boat Q-111 'Luzon' that was part of the escort torpedo boats of the Offshore Patrol during the daring breakout attempt of MacArthur to escape to Australia. She is unique that she was essentially a prototype by Thornycroft to provide the Philippine Commonwealth with a slightly larger 65 ft Torpedo Boat in the same style as American PT Boats instead of the smaller 55 ft CMBs that have their torpedoes on the centerline. This was supposed to be replaced with the more mature 70 ft design but those ended up getting seized when the Winter War broke out and was sent to Finland instead. Ironically, the crew of the OSP and Q-111 'Luzon' would get their success and awards by downing Japanese Dive Bombers, damaging 3 while being attacked by a total of 9 planes. During the breakout attempt, they got intercepted by Japanese Shiratsuyu-class destroyers and so had to separate. With the boat in bad shape and the Japanese Naval Air Force on their tail, they still attempted but only got as far as Mindoro iirc and had to scuttle it. It was raised by the Japanese to be the Patrol Boat No. 14 and was reportedly sunk by American dive bombers during the reconquest of the Philippines. Torpedo Boat Q-111 'Luzon' holds a special place for the Philippines as it was the flagship that formed what would eventually be the Philippine Navy. Its unique design is also something that would be mirrored by the French with their VTB designs.
The mention of the USS Stewart battling the Japanese off Bali reminded me of my late friend, Carl Hazenberg. He had been raised on the island before the war where his father, Major Carl F. Hazenberg, commanded an engineering battalion of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL). By the time Bali was invaded, Major Hazenberg had been transferred to Sumatra and was heavily engaged in ground combat until forced to surrender when the Dutch government capitulated. He and his men would spend the remainder of the war as POWs working on the Death Railway in Burma (made famous by the movie "The Bridge on the River Kwai"). Meanwhile, young Carl was living in Holland and serving as a member of the Dutch underground. Both father and son survived the war and were later reunited back on Bali.
They just rediscovered the wreck of USS Stewart DD-224 back at the start of August! There are very high resolution images available of what the wreck looks like today
By 1943, the IJN was starting to feel the pinch of destroyer losses and and damage. Raising the drydock added to service/repair capabilities and yielded a ship worth repairing. Four-pipers are not much respected, but the USN found them worth use in other roles. The IJN, similarly, did the repair and conversion work and gave the Stewart a less exalted name and role.
USS Luzon was another ship that was captured by the Japanese after she was scuttled in Manila and was renamed as the Karatsu. She had the ignominious "honor" of helping sink submarine USS Cisco on September 22, 1943 with a couple Japanese planes. She later had her bow blown off by USS Narwhal and was towed to port, but the Japanese couldn't repair her on time and she was scuttled in Manila again when the Philippines fell again.
Best British ship name(s) should go to HMS Porcupine, which was torpedoed in 1942 and broke in half. Both halves were towed to port and became accommodation hulks, with the front named HMS Pork and the rear named HMS Pine.
@@mikearmstrong8483 I think that was originally HMS Penelope but it suffered massive shrapnel damage at Malta so was nicknamed HMS pepperpot. They repaired the shrapnel holes by putting wood in them so it then got the nickname HMS porcupine. It was then sheered in half and what you wrote happened lol.
@@tigerland4328 You're conflating two different incidents. There was a real HMS Porcupine, a P-class destroyer that was torpedoed in 1942: the two halves were *towed from the Mediterranean back to Britain* and used as accommodation in Portsmouth harbour. HMS Penelope, an Arethusa class cruiser, was nicknamed HMS Pepperpot / HMS Porcupine as you described, but was torpedoed in 1944, sinking outright in 16 minutes.
While on the subject of 4 Stack/Flush Deck destroyer fascinating histories please consider the USS Turner, DD-259 which became USS Moosehead, IX-98 and made some truly incredable technical innovation contributions to the US Navy WWII effort.
The Earl of Sandwich supposed the first person to put some ham and cheese between 2 pieces of bread if you believe that the Sandwich Islands were also named after him
Just for the lulz, it might be fun to take a look at another old four-stacker destroyer - USS Tracy, DD-214 - for reasons that are obvious to anyone that's served in the military.
I think it was mentioned in the Official History of the US Navy in ww2 that this ship was spotted behind Japanese lines. First reports were dismissed. Then photos by US submarines were submitted. Then she was located after Japan surrendered.
US destroyer spam really is epic when it ramps up. From ww2, if you average the number of ships across the days of ww2, it turns out that around 5-6 days a week, the USN was commissioning a ship (so this doesn't count anything but proper USS ships). Most likely either a DD or DDE. In reality it obviously ramped up over the years. But that really does help give it perspective. I remember someone saying: A destroyer a day keeps the Japanese at the bottom of the bay.
In the seminal work on the flush deck/four pipe destroyers "Flush Decks and Four Pipes" by USN Commander John D. Allen published by Naval Institute Press 1965 RAMP-224 stood for "Recovered Allied Miltary Personnel" (page 58).
The ferryboat in the Sand Pebbles was used in the Hong Kong-Macao run and had the name FAT SHAN when a friend saw it during a visit to Hong Kong many years ago.
Stewart's story blurs the line between good and bad luck. Is it good luck to effectively come back from the dead and eventually make it home, or bad luck that the enemy was the one to raise you up out of desperation?
Most of the usn destroyers with 4 funnels are referred to as 4 stackers because of the 4 funnels. The term is also used by ocean liners with 4 funnels.
@@jacobdill4499 again,I haven't read the materials on the Clemmons class destroyers I that I have in 30yrs, but, I'm sure the authors referred to them as 4 piper 's ! But does it really matter? Eeh!
Interesting video, however, I hope your video can be more focus on title, this video had too much contents not too related. Please make it more compact.
In the days of wooden hulls, ships simply stayed afloat much longer due to the natural buoyancy of wood. In fact it was very rare for a ship to sink in battle. Some blew up but ships took days to founder. Hence it was mostly possible to capture ships that had struck their colours. First explosive shells and then steel hulls reversed that so now it was the usual fate of a warship to sink, though outright sinking due to flooding after shell damage rarely occured.
@Dave_Sisson When I was in the Navy back in the 70's I was on the HMS Antelope for a couple of day when we went to do our NATO stuff but it wasn't a navy on navy fight
@Dave_Sisson also the ship I was on got transferred to the Turkish navy because an aircraft carrier accidentally blew up their ship with an errant missile launch
“Maybe they thought it was the USS Jon Leibowitz instead”.... Bad joke, but ironically quite funnier than what the comedian with similar name utters... Bad timing with this ship :D
1941 and 42 in the Pacific was of desperation for the allies, never a victory but defeat and complete lack of hardware to face a stronger more prepared foe. USS Stewart was used as if it was a cruiser, because there wasn’t many ships of heavier classes available. I can only imagine what the multinational leadership and specially the sailors on every allied ship had to endure, the survivors were lucky. Up until the end of 1942 Japan was winning, and then after Japan lost the war. But in 1941 and 42 it was hell for America and it’s allies... I can only imagine how it felt to be from the Filipinos, or Hong Kong, or Australia or Singapore during those early years.
Another reason they didn't usually use captured ships in modern times, was the difficulty of maintaining foreign made machines from enemy combatants.
Machinery, weapons, ammunition… it’s a mess, and probably one of the reasons why every nation used their own
Tanks, Shermans… because the Germans captured hundreds that was a different thing
@@RebeccaCampbell1969 The Fins also used the engines they got out of Russian planes they shot down because they had a large supply of them after a while.
Plus having people that know how to run them. In days of sail, at some point, they are all sail boats with cannons that had been used about the same way for centuries. Officers wanted to obtain the rank of post captain. At that rank, you got paid full wage even when that country wasn't at war. Lower ranks got half pay to nothing. Needless to say, many of these half pay or no pay officers went to fight for who was at war to get paid. So even if you had a secret innovation, it wasn't a secret innovation for long.
Italy and France, however, did make significant use during the interwar period of German war prize ships. Because neither of them were in any economic condition to built as many new ships as they needed, so the non-standard machinery was just somethin they had to deal with. To a lesser extent, France also made use of German and Italian destroyers after WW2.
Well, that's not a problem if the crew includes a multi-skilled handyman like myself. Are all the individual ship controls labeled in Japanese or German? No problem.... I don't read or speak those languages, but I'll still have ALL the ship's systems up and running within roughly 2 hours of capturing it! 😉👍
I have a set of optical sights from one of Stewart's Japanese AA guns. In the original wood storage box marked PB-102 on the metal tag on the lid. A Japanese friend translated everything for me.
a real piece of history. perhaps a naval museum could put that on display.
In a very similar story, the elderly British destroyer HMS Thracian was damaged by the Japanese during their assault on Hong Kong and then captured by the Japanese. She was repaired by the Japanese and entered their service as Patrol Boat No. 101. She also survived the war and was found by the British in Japan after the war.
“25mm morale boosters” one of the best descriptions of the infamous Japanese AA gun 😅
I often wondered what happened to DD 224. I knew that she was recovered but that was the extent of my knowledge. Thanks for the update.
IIRC, she was sunk as a target after the war. As for the successor DE, you can visit her in Galveston's Seawolf Park, along with the slayer of the Japanese aircraft carrier Shukaku, USS Cavalla.
I Find It As A Tragic Waste: When Recovered From The Japanese Navy In 1945, There Was Already A New Destroyer Named Stewart To Replace The Lady They Thought Was Lost. Still Afloat, Seemingly Ready To Carry On The Fight, There Was No Money Available To Return Her To Her Original "FOUR-FLUSHER", (Four Stacks/Flush Deck,) Configuration, Nor Do They Want Her In Her Japanese Rebuilt Condition (As To Rub Salt On Still-Fresh Wounds So Soon After The War!) Nor, Like Dewey's Cruiser "OLYMPIA", Did They Want To Have It "In Mothballs" For Decades Until Restoration Funds Were Raised, So They Made Her A Target! But If They HAD A Chance To Restore Her, She Would Be The "HOPE DIAMOND" In ANY Naval Or Maritime Museum!
Why do you capitalize the first letter of every word? Makes it incredibly hard to read
I used to use the Mess Hall of the USS Stewart in Galveston as a study place whenever I was cramming for a hard exam. They would often loop 50's and 60's music through the sound system, so it always felt like I was in my own little time capsule while I was there. Highly recommend seeing the Stewert, along with the USS Seawolf!
Such an interesting little Tin Can. It still amazes me how many of the 'Four Stacker' type were built, and how long some of them served. I think the last one still in service was only decommissioned within the last two decades (correct me if I'm wrong, but I thought either the Taiwanese navy, or the South Korean Navy had one until the 2000's). Regardless, these destroyers are such an underappreciated workhorse of the American navy. I'm not sure if you've done a video about this or not, but I figured you'd be interested in the 'Honda Point' incident. About half a dozen of these four stackers ran aground badly on the California coast, and it cost a few sailors their lives alongside a few of the ships being totally lost. Would love to see your video on the incident, as there are only a handful of reputable ones out there who talk about it.
Always love to learn more from your vids! Can't wait for the next one!
The last US 4 stacker retired and scrapped by '47. The Brits had one that had been loaned to the Russians that was returned in '49 (I believe) in abysmal condition and promptly scrapped.
Do note the ex-USS Putnam, DD-287), one of four sold civilian in 1930 and converted to fast banana transports, survived as the SS Teapa in the Carribean until '55.
All 4-pipers got scrapped shortly after the WWII. The destroyers sold/transferred to allies were mostly Fletcher class or newer.
TH-cam Search On Honda Point
th-cam.com/users/results?search_query=honda+point+disaster
.
This sounds like Reddit.😂
This video is actually genuinely underated.
This mirrors the life of Torpedo Boat Q-111 'Luzon' that was part of the escort torpedo boats of the Offshore Patrol during the daring breakout attempt of MacArthur to escape to Australia. She is unique that she was essentially a prototype by Thornycroft to provide the Philippine Commonwealth with a slightly larger 65 ft Torpedo Boat in the same style as American PT Boats instead of the smaller 55 ft CMBs that have their torpedoes on the centerline. This was supposed to be replaced with the more mature 70 ft design but those ended up getting seized when the Winter War broke out and was sent to Finland instead.
Ironically, the crew of the OSP and Q-111 'Luzon' would get their success and awards by downing Japanese Dive Bombers, damaging 3 while being attacked by a total of 9 planes. During the breakout attempt, they got intercepted by Japanese Shiratsuyu-class destroyers and so had to separate. With the boat in bad shape and the Japanese Naval Air Force on their tail, they still attempted but only got as far as Mindoro iirc and had to scuttle it. It was raised by the Japanese to be the Patrol Boat No. 14 and was reportedly sunk by American dive bombers during the reconquest of the Philippines.
Torpedo Boat Q-111 'Luzon' holds a special place for the Philippines as it was the flagship that formed what would eventually be the Philippine Navy. Its unique design is also something that would be mirrored by the French with their VTB designs.
The mention of the USS Stewart battling the Japanese off Bali reminded me of my late friend, Carl Hazenberg. He had been raised on the island before the war where his father, Major Carl F. Hazenberg, commanded an engineering battalion of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL). By the time Bali was invaded, Major Hazenberg had been transferred to Sumatra and was heavily engaged in ground combat until forced to surrender when the Dutch government capitulated. He and his men would spend the remainder of the war as POWs working on the Death Railway in Burma (made famous by the movie "The Bridge on the River Kwai"). Meanwhile, young Carl was living in Holland and serving as a member of the Dutch underground. Both father and son survived the war and were later reunited back on Bali.
Absolute shame we didnt keep her around. Would have probably been the best Clemson to keep around in General. What a story.
They just rediscovered the wreck of USS Stewart DD-224 back at the start of August! There are very high resolution images available of what the wreck looks like today
kamchatka: you can't fool me japanese torpedo boat!
By 1943, the IJN was starting to feel the pinch of destroyer losses and and damage. Raising the drydock added to service/repair capabilities and yielded a ship worth repairing. Four-pipers are not much respected, but the USN found them worth use in other roles. The IJN, similarly, did the repair and conversion work and gave the Stewart a less exalted name and role.
Another great video, very informative
Prize warships usually have interesting histories and USS Stuart/PT 102 was no exception.
How about covering PT 101 the former HMS Thracian.
Nice story, well worked material. Deserves kudos.
Great mini doc. Read about uss Stewart in high school in 1978.
So weird! They restored her USN hull number on the bow, but they left the prominent Japanese markings in place right to the end!
USS Luzon was another ship that was captured by the Japanese after she was scuttled in Manila and was renamed as the Karatsu. She had the ignominious "honor" of helping sink submarine USS Cisco on September 22, 1943 with a couple Japanese planes. She later had her bow blown off by USS Narwhal and was towed to port, but the Japanese couldn't repair her on time and she was scuttled in Manila again when the Philippines fell again.
I'd love a series of videos all about captured warships that were used by the capturing party in war
HMS Sandwich!? Best British ship name ever! (5:18)
And she got sandwiched by barges. How apt.... lol >_
Lol sandwich is actually a town in southern England. We only get the name for the snack as the man who invented it was the "earl of sandwich"
Best British ship name(s) should go to HMS Porcupine, which was torpedoed in 1942 and broke in half. Both halves were towed to port and became accommodation hulks, with the front named HMS Pork and the rear named HMS Pine.
@@mikearmstrong8483 I think that was originally HMS Penelope but it suffered massive shrapnel damage at Malta so was nicknamed HMS pepperpot. They repaired the shrapnel holes by putting wood in them so it then got the nickname HMS porcupine. It was then sheered in half and what you wrote happened lol.
@@tigerland4328 You're conflating two different incidents. There was a real HMS Porcupine, a P-class destroyer that was torpedoed in 1942: the two halves were *towed from the Mediterranean back to Britain* and used as accommodation in Portsmouth harbour. HMS Penelope, an Arethusa class cruiser, was nicknamed HMS Pepperpot / HMS Porcupine as you described, but was torpedoed in 1944, sinking outright in 16 minutes.
Just stumbled across this video. Reall enjoyed it just subscribed 👍
just found her today!
Fellow ww2 enthusiasts💯
Excellent
This would have made an excellent museum ship. Oh the stories she could tell!
This was very interesting
Well done.
While on the subject of 4 Stack/Flush Deck destroyer fascinating histories please consider the USS Turner, DD-259 which became USS Moosehead, IX-98 and made some truly incredable technical innovation contributions to the US Navy WWII effort.
Wait, hold up. The British had a ship named "Sandwich"?! Need more info on that one pronto!
Lord sandwich. Sandw.islands
The Earl of Sandwich supposed the first person to put some ham and cheese between 2 pieces of bread if you believe that the Sandwich Islands were also named after him
www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-18SL-Sandwich.htm
Nobody tell him about the " Flower " class corvettes. He would love those names.
1:15 If whoever took that photo had OCD he would be irritated that the numbers don't line up.
Just for the lulz, it might be fun to take a look at another old four-stacker destroyer - USS Tracy, DD-214 - for reasons that are obvious to anyone that's served in the military.
A very elusive ship! lol
She has been found this summer!!
I think it was mentioned in the Official History of the US Navy in ww2 that this ship was spotted behind Japanese lines. First reports were dismissed. Then photos by US submarines were submitted. Then she was located after Japan surrendered.
US destroyer spam really is epic when it ramps up. From ww2, if you average the number of ships across the days of ww2, it turns out that around 5-6 days a week, the USN was commissioning a ship (so this doesn't count anything but proper USS ships). Most likely either a DD or DDE. In reality it obviously ramped up over the years. But that really does help give it perspective.
I remember someone saying: A destroyer a day keeps the Japanese at the bottom of the bay.
14:36/15:25 : R.A.M.P. -Recovered Allied Military (NOT Personnelle..., ) But Property!
In the seminal work on the flush deck/four pipe destroyers "Flush Decks and Four Pipes" by USN Commander John D. Allen published by Naval Institute Press 1965 RAMP-224 stood for "Recovered Allied Miltary Personnel" (page 58).
Her wreck has just been discovered today (or yesterday, depending on where you are).
Gotta love a nice destroyer.❤
This is a very interesting story. I wonder how many other US ships have been captured and put in service against us?
I'm a Stewart. Thanks for the info
This made me think of the movie The Sand Pebbles with Steve McQueen 1966.
The ferryboat in the Sand Pebbles was used in the Hong Kong-Macao run and had the name FAT SHAN when a friend saw it during a visit to Hong Kong many years ago.
Stewart's story blurs the line between good and bad luck. Is it good luck to effectively come back from the dead and eventually make it home, or bad luck that the enemy was the one to raise you up out of desperation?
What happened to the rats ?
She lived an exciting life and wound up with a warrior's death.
Neat story
I've never heard of a 4 stacker,I've heard of 4 pipe destroyers!
Most of the usn destroyers with 4 funnels are referred to as 4 stackers because of the 4 funnels. The term is also used by ocean liners with 4 funnels.
@@jacobdill4499 again,I haven't read the materials on the Clemmons class destroyers I that I have in 30yrs, but, I'm sure the authors referred to them as 4 piper 's ! But does it really matter? Eeh!
Interesting
Interesting video, however, I hope your video can be more focus on title, this video had too much contents not too related. Please make it more compact.
Great Story. Bravo Zulu
Ship equivalent of moving to Japan and became a weeb
Stewart's Folly.
In the days of wooden hulls, ships simply stayed afloat much longer due to the natural buoyancy of wood. In fact it was very rare for a ship to sink in battle. Some blew up but ships took days to founder. Hence it was mostly possible to capture ships that had struck their colours. First explosive shells and then steel hulls reversed that so now it was the usual fate of a warship to sink, though outright sinking due to flooding after shell damage rarely occured.
Wow he did my comment
Haven't had a naval war since the 40's so no one knows but the Germans used captured ships in WW2
Ermm... The Falklands War was very naval. Okay the U.S. wasn't involved, but the British ships were comparable to what the Americans had at the time.
@Dave_Sisson When I was in the Navy back in the 70's I was on the HMS Antelope for a couple of day when we went to do our NATO stuff but it wasn't a navy on navy fight
@Dave_Sisson also the ship I was on got transferred to the Turkish navy because an aircraft carrier accidentally blew up their ship with an errant missile launch
“Maybe they thought it was the USS Jon Leibowitz instead”....
Bad joke, but ironically quite funnier than what the comedian with similar name utters...
Bad timing with this ship :D
1941 and 42 in the Pacific was of desperation for the allies, never a victory but defeat and complete lack of hardware to face a stronger more prepared foe.
USS Stewart was used as if it was a cruiser, because there wasn’t many ships of heavier classes available. I can only imagine what the multinational leadership and specially the sailors on every allied ship had to endure, the survivors were lucky.
Up until the end of 1942 Japan was winning, and then after Japan lost the war. But in 1941 and 42 it was hell for America and it’s allies... I can only imagine how it felt to be from the Filipinos, or Hong Kong, or Australia or Singapore during those early years.
Jon Leibowitz killed one of my favorite shows. Okay, it was Mrs. Hartman that killed Phil but Leibowitz pushed News Radio into the grave.
Pirate people of a pirate nation😮😢
I knew about this ship from my history class from 1978-79