ER=EPR | Leonard Susskind

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 มิ.ย. 2024
  • Additional lectures by Leonard Susskind:
    ER=EPR but Entanglement is Not Enough: • ER=EPR but Entanglemen...
    Inside Black Holes: • Inside Black Holes | L...
    Fractal Flows and the Arrow of Time: • Fractal Flows and the ...
    Working Group on Issues in de Sitter Space: • Working Group on Issue...
    Butterflies, Complexity, and Signals to Bob: • Butterflies, Complexit...
    Aspects of Eternal Inflation: • Aspects of Eternal Inf...
    Find more lectures by Stephen Hawking, Edward Witten, Jim Gates, John Preskill, Joe Polchinski, Donald Marolf, and many more on my channel / aoflex
    ----------------------------------------------
    Leonard Susskind
    Stanford & KITP
    Aug 20, 2013
    ER=EPR lecture given by Lenny Susskind at the KITP Rapid Response Workshop: Black Holes: Complementarity, Fuzz, or Fire?
    Lecture notes: online.kitp.ucsb.edu/online/fu...
    Coordinators: Raphael Bousso (UCB), Samir Mathur (OSU), Rob Myers (PI), Joe Polchinski (KITP), Lenny Susskind (Stanford)
    Scientific Advisor: Don Marolf (UCSB)
    Video can also be found here: online.kitp.ucsb.edu

ความคิดเห็น • 110

  • @kevinmm20
    @kevinmm20 7 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    22:30 Always a loud cougher attending susskinds lectures

  • @marymtl2010
    @marymtl2010 10 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    great quote: "better question your assumptions... question your assumptions, even the ones you think are most solid, when you get into these really paradoxical situations. and assume you are making some mistake."

    • @toniokettner4821
      @toniokettner4821 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      people are gonna read this and say: maybe logic isn't real, let me invent my own mathematics

  • @DeltaAccel
    @DeltaAccel 9 ปีที่แล้ว +36

    This is the humble vow of a high school senior: I will get to this level.

    • @2cool322
      @2cool322 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +DeltaAccel Keep working at it bud.

    • @Hyumanity
      @Hyumanity 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      20 years from now, your mind will love you for the understanding you have built for it.
      "Thank you past DeltaAccel"

    • @JamesJoyce12
      @JamesJoyce12 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      From a guy who looked at ur playlist - you won't.

    • @96oscarC
      @96oscarC 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      How's it going

    • @bigchungusdriplord2301
      @bigchungusdriplord2301 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Im in 7 grade sooo

  • @MrKrisvandegoor
    @MrKrisvandegoor 10 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    The big Five: Polchinski, Bousso, Verlinde, Maldacena and Susskind...just missing 't Hooft ;)

  • @afederdk
    @afederdk 10 ปีที่แล้ว +24

    So this is how it sounds when scientists talk to each other.

  • @hm4939
    @hm4939 10 ปีที่แล้ว +18

    Susskind's got less and less patience for questions. Amazes me how they always ask questions during the presentation just for the sake of looking smart, just let the man finish then ask questions god damn it.

    • @onceuponaspace1088
      @onceuponaspace1088 9 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      It's interesting - I've never seen him in front of such a hostile audience, but then this AMPS/firewall business is really controversial right now, (the EPR=ER crowd are right and the firewall crowd are wrong btw).
      It's not so much questions for the sake of looking smart, more like trying to tell him flat out that he's completely wrong and in quite an aggresive/heated way.
      He handles it well in any case.

    • @hjembrentkent6181
      @hjembrentkent6181 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      An attempt to throw him off and cloud the issue im surprised. Ofcourse that wont work hes just going to look like a jackass, clearly indicated by everyone laughing at him xD

    • @JackSarfatti
      @JackSarfatti 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      yes, u r right about that

  • @mephistopheles1666
    @mephistopheles1666 9 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    A couple of years ago, annoyed by the interruption at 3:30, I wrote here a comment in black humor style. This was naturally intended as a fun comment, deliberately using rude language and suggesting a clearly grotesque and fictitious image of a punishment angel wearing a nazi helmet and a flamethrower, suddenly appearing in the room after the interruption. I am truly sorry because I see that a couple of years thereafter there are still people who feel offended. Even when this is an anonymous profile, I don like that and I hereby offer my apology. If I went back in time, I would write something milder and still funny like "I wish the guy who interrupts at 3:30 was suddenly tele-transported to the vegetables section of Walmart" or something similar. Of course I have never wished death by fire to anyone. I don't personally know the guy who interrupts and I don't wish anything bad to him, and I am truly sorry about those who may have feel offended.

    • @starfox1
      @starfox1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      aoflex In a lecture I definitely don't expect debate, leave that to a symposium or official debate format where the debaters agree to certain terms. If this is a lecture then ol Raphy should have been more couth and waited till the end.

    • @aoflex
      @aoflex  9 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      starfox Well that just shows that you have no idea how science is conducted in academia.

    • @starfox1
      @starfox1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      aoflex
      Negative. I am a PhD student in physics and have never debated a lecturer nor have I seen anyone attempt to debate a lecturer during their presentation as being couth. If as a student I was sitting in a lecture and someone stood up to argue I am certain many people would bemoan that person. Wait until the lecture is over.
      However, perhaps this video isn't a lecture per se and is in fact a symposium of like minded peers. I don't know the details behind this event. If that's the case then I don't see anything wrong with peer to peer disagreement or debate.

    • @aoflex
      @aoflex  9 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      starfox This is a seminar given soon after a paradox was pointed out in black hole information theory in 2012. Raphael and Lenny have disagreements over physics and are at this symposium to challenge each other openly. I too am a physics researcher. This behavior is expected on hot topics.

    • @TheDavddd
      @TheDavddd 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      lol

  • @MrTomaszLukasz
    @MrTomaszLukasz 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I got a question too. If two black holes are maximally entangled and Bob can meet Alice if they jump to the opposite black holes where are singularities of both black holes going to?

  • @kaizysap
    @kaizysap 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    crazy stuff!

  • @JackSarfatti
    @JackSarfatti 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    "Question your assumptions ... assume you are making some mistake." L.S.
    I question "linearity" and "unitarity" - taboo "probability is conserved"? maybe not
    I question that you cannot send information through the ER wormhole - it can be traversable, but the EPR is then nonlinear non unitary post-quantum violating Lenny's linear unitary QM assumptions of course. I actually wrote this idea down in my 1975 pop cartoon book "Space-Time and Beyond" (E.P. Dutton). Little then did I realize it would correspond to Seth Lloyd's PCTC "computing" or to the hologram picture that Lenny developed.

  • @StephenPaulKing
    @StephenPaulKing 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    There where no questions about the observed degradation of entanglement that is seen between ERP pairs that are accelerated relative to each other due to the Unruh effect. How so?

  • @jonesgerard
    @jonesgerard 9 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Suskind is an interesting feller, open minded and not afraid to entertain other possibilities.

    • @Oners82
      @Oners82 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      He is actually rather conservative in his views regarding physics but he is without a doubt a genius.

    • @Oners82
      @Oners82 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** That's funny, he describes himself as conservative but I guess you know more about his views than he does lol!
      "Why in the world do you consider him "conservative'?"
      Look into his argument with Hawking, its blatantly fucking obvious why! HE DESCRIBES HIMSELF THAT WAY as opposed to Hawking who is more radical.
      As for your quiz I have received no notifications from you. Maybe a youtube fuck up?
      Ask again instead of jumping to conclusions.

    • @Oners82
      @Oners82 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** That is because I had days off up until wednesday you fucking cretin.
      Try your high school level quizzes with kids. Did it genuinely take you 10 minutes to think of a problem regarding simple circuits with resistors?!?! LMAO!!!
      See ya later old timer, I have more intelligent people to talk to.

    • @DerMacDuff
      @DerMacDuff 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** In physics, conservative means that you take the laws of nature serious, for example like unitarity in QM or lorentz invariance in SR, you don't throw them away.

    • @DerMacDuff
      @DerMacDuff 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      *****
      Nope. Not really as Susskind shows in this video.

  • @scotty369
    @scotty369 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This stuff was going on at Giza!

  • @Ayokalyb
    @Ayokalyb 10 ปีที่แล้ว +22

    Attention cameraman: You had one simple task, and that was to sit there and not fuck with the camera. You have failed spectacularly.

    • @Algebrodadio
      @Algebrodadio 10 ปีที่แล้ว

      Must be an undergrad.

    • @ChiDraconis
      @ChiDraconis 10 ปีที่แล้ว

      let us consider the non-linked field you have created by stating camera operator had been assigned a task independent of whether camera operator had been assigned a task be it operation of the camera or otherwise ~ given a non-existent probability-field prior to the thought which results in the statement is there a time-dependent causality which exists independent of space-time {?} ─ if there is the thought may bias or influence actuality as it occurs as well as if there is none creativity of the generation of the thought may bring into existence actuality which had no prior-causality ----- since space-time is bounded locally we may consider a non-bounded causality-field which is consequent to effect-or-fields which are not currently known such as camera operator and the probability field of his Fully Unified Causality Knowledge [FUCK] being from an officially approved operations manual rather than the influence your observation may have had on camera-operators actions and decisions → if such is the case factually then your Fully Unified Causality Knowledge effected something prior in time ← if not then camera-operator's influence-field operates independent of your Fully Unified Causality Knowledge

    • @starfox1
      @starfox1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      nicholas jordan you copy/pasted alot of that. naughty on you for plagiarism. anyway, space-time is irrelevant in regards to the camera man as his motions have extremely little impact on how his personal time syncs with time for everyone else.

    • @ChiDraconis
      @ChiDraconis 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      define «personal-time» like skip the part about my time is valuable
      Comment in particular ar 15:30 where person whom gets paid to do this states clearly «we do not even know enough to formulate the theorem»
      given a non-existent probability-field prior to the «space-time» local to the presentation ▬ does a seeker dragging ten-trillion Gluons sniff any of them?
      No as his a-z is finite: Bounded to locality by C ^ 2

  • @pauldavidhaynes8243
    @pauldavidhaynes8243 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    What ever happened to EPR=ER ? It sounded like a promising breakthrough at the time. Does anyone know of resent work related to this? Or was it a dead end...

  • @sisterhoodsweetgirls
    @sisterhoodsweetgirls 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    you can describe any area in space bounded by planck units because they are so small there is enough code to do it .Does not mean they do actually contain the information though its just possible to describe it. Im a bit susso on this

  • @Tadesan
    @Tadesan 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I uphold a man's right to get very irritated and then forgive the irritant immediately afterwards!
    It's like a scolding from your mother. Lol

  • @peterbonnema8913
    @peterbonnema8913 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I watched several series of Lenny on YT about classical mechanics, SR, GR, etc. but I still don't understand a word of what he's saying in this vid. What is this actually about and is the necessary prerequisite knowledge actually obtainable and understandable for me, a curious IT student just interested in physics.

    • @MichaelHarrisIreland
      @MichaelHarrisIreland 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Peter Bonnema I think it's about quantum mechanics and entanglement in particular. That signals or affects can be transmitted instantly no matter how far apart particles are. And understanding black holes with this in mind. If two particles were entangled one could be in a black hole and another outside, so that would have consequences if the particles can affect each other instantly. Personally I'm only scratching the surface of this topic. Classical mechanics cannot explain this and Einstein never accepted calling it "spooky action at a distance"

  • @onderozenc4470
    @onderozenc4470 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Inside the black holes there are 3-D Lissajoux entanglement energy states....

  • @96oscarC
    @96oscarC 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    It makes me so mad how disrespectful his audience is.. let him give the damn lecture and be humbled that you get to witness it!

    • @MudahnyaFizik
      @MudahnyaFizik 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      You should watch Unruh lecture on the same event. Lenny himself questioned a lot during that lecture.

  • @agusavior_channel
    @agusavior_channel 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    1:10:09 Is that Juan Maldacena?

    • @Thomas-cat
      @Thomas-cat 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      yes

  • @whitenight941
    @whitenight941 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    If there A In; there's a Out; the house allways Win'ns

  • @whitenight941
    @whitenight941 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Maybe I'm Stick to Smoke signals.Good Show Tho.

  • @davidwilkie9551
    @davidwilkie9551 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    If a digital word packet is sent node to node intact, it must be perfectly synchronized with the transmission and delivery system overall, as a constituent element of universal timing, to remain readable, and the same applies to any information packages in the universe as a whole in the entire wave-package.
    There's no way to modulate-demodulate from one black hole to another, ..the kind of communication of readable information required for the practical applications used for demonstration/explanation purposes used in the lecture. Of course, the intention is to ask why? The wave band is out of tune.
    Talking on the mobile demonstrates several stages of demodulation to modulation and back: brain to muscles in the voice box, to sound to EM, to Wi-Fi, to glass, and back at the other end, while maintainingthe integrity of the information in the moment, point to point.
    The whole universe is involved QM, including BHs. If Alice and Bob meet inside BHs, then the phase alignment of their constituent atoms and sub particles might be synchronized, but the state of integration would not be recognisable to anyone, any more than staring at the end of the glass fiber carrying digital code can be heard(?)

  • @J0hnC0ltrane
    @J0hnC0ltrane หลายเดือนก่อน

    666 likes. I'm not changing anything.

  • @JonathanLangdale
    @JonathanLangdale 10 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    #Susskind EPR=ER

  • @sisterhoodsweetgirls
    @sisterhoodsweetgirls 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    SIDNEY COLEMAN PLEASE

  • @mrearlragnar3187
    @mrearlragnar3187 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    jesus, camera dude at 5 minutes in

  • @MsUncleKevin
    @MsUncleKevin 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I didnt get the jokes ...

    • @Oners82
      @Oners82 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Too bad for you....

  • @MiguelPereira-mf1nq
    @MiguelPereira-mf1nq 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    "The value of pi at the event horizon of a Black Hole is two.
    Have two intersecting circles represent the extent of polarity cancellation,
    called entropy. In flat timespace the diameters of those equally sized circles
    meet at a ninety degree angle. If those diameters have a length of one, lines
    going from the lower circumferences of the circles, through the centers of the
    circles, to the circumferences meeting the diameters on the other sides, their
    length will be 1.618033988... each.
    Now draw a straight line linking the junctions of the Phi (1.618...) lines
    to complete an inverted pentagram. The Phi lines represent centripetal force;
    the diameters represent centrifugal force. If the circles are merged more, when
    they reach that extent of globally bent timespace where pi is 2.718..., the
    proportions of the five lines will be 7, 7, 6, 6, 6. In Hebrew gematria the word
    OZ, O = 70, Z= 7 totalling 77, means goat :
    This was copied from the private notes of Gheorghe Rakoczy. He derived them
    from old books he kept in his cellars. These book were written in precuniform
    Sumerian hieroglyphics. Their pages were skin preserved by copper acetate. These
    books were carbon dated to be 10,000 years old. In the caverns under Mt. Negoiu, the entrance of which was protected by a monestery build like a fortress built
    inside out to keep something in, were found titanium disks, electron spin dated
    to be 70,000 years old.
    Have you read the Book of Enoch? It is about those "Sons of God who married
    the daughters of men" mentioned in Genesis. These old books claim that these Old
    Ones genetically engineered Cro Magnon Man, who could speak, from Neanderthal
    Man, who was an animal who couldn't speak, with their own genes. In the Book of
    Enoch, the Old Ones were condemned for giving Mankind writing and science.
    A union of 50 races in this galaxy, who arrogantly called themselves "the
    elder gods" took samples of Cro Magnon Man and genetically engineered Cro Magnon
    Man genetics into Homo Sapiens. In the mid-Twentieth Century us kids were taught
    the mystery of "the missing link", an unknown between Neanderthal Man and Cro
    Magnon Man.
    The "elders" regimented Homo Sapiens into orders of knighthood to
    exterminate Cro Magnon Man (called the Anakim in the Bible). It was found that
    all Cro Magnon Males were (are) Double Y's. This knowledge justified Double Y's
    as a race of Humanity, therefore, attempts were made to erase history. The Crown
    Temple in London, England (see www.freedomwriter.com...) continues to direct
    orders of knighthood, and lodges, to exterminate the Anakim. But, the Old Ones
    are on their way back.
    How could such long distances be traveled? By quantum probability
    transduction travel, which is faster than light. Quantum probability is faster
    than light. Simple probability is instant. When a velocity (mechanical engineering) analogue, like
    entropy production rate, in thermodynamics, exceeds its light speed equivalency,
    all quantumly entangled is transduced into quantum probability. There is no need
    for rockets, or flying saucers, it's more like a "star gate" .
    When we can get the value of pi back down to three again, or hopefully
    lower, the Old Ones can and will come, therefore, there are helicopters with
    devices to notice any variances in the value of pi, and when any are detected,
    disruptive transmissions are sent to slow down the polarity cancellation rate ,
    which is identical to entropy production rate, to restore flat timespace. But,
    even the Old Ones are advancing in technology. Soon these interferences will be
    overcome!
    Dr. Lisa Randall, Harvard University professor of quantum physics,
    officially defined the fifth dimension as that direction through variously bent
    timespaces. The more timespace is globally bent, the faster the entropy
    production rate, EPR, which is identical with fast polarity cancellation rate. A
    very fast polarity cancellation rate is fire. As you go into more and more
    globally bent timespace the value of pi GOES DOWN. At a pi value of 2.718... all
    is in flames. This is the fifth dimensional surface of the Lake of Fire. From pi
    equals 3.141... to pi equals 2.718... is called the Underworld.. But,
    Heaven is not in the bent timespaces called "saddle" timespaces, with pi values higher
    than 3.141... for fire is impossible there, and God has fire. I don't know where
    Heaven is but I sure know where Hell is.

  • @SeanMauer
    @SeanMauer 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm waiting for Susskind to break out of the gravitationalist straight jacket and incorporate the Electronic Universe information into his cosmology. Not that I totally agree with Wallace Thornhill on everything. I do still believe space-time must be quantized, and that, although the universe is spatially infinite it is not eternal in time.

    • @NeedsEvidence
      @NeedsEvidence 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      _"Electronic Universe"_
      HAHAHAHA - rationalwiki.org/wiki/Electric_Universe
      _"although the universe is spatially infinite it is not eternal in time "_
      It could be finite in time but without beginning, as allowed by models with time loops...
      _"Wallace Thornhill"_
      HAHAHAHAHA - rationalwiki.org/wiki/Electric_Universe
      _"I do still believe space-time must be quantized, and that, although the universe is spatially infinite it is not eternal in time"_
      Yeah, you believe-because- *JESUS* -HAHAHAHAHA.

  • @ZoeTheCat
    @ZoeTheCat 9 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Hosting Susskind and then attempting a Q/A after 3:30 is ridiculous and unprofessional. Lenny has enough credibility in the world of physics to simply respect what he has to say and hold your F*cking tongue until the end.

    • @ZoeTheCat
      @ZoeTheCat 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** I don't think he's entirely comfortable with this topic. I agree that he seems a bit agitated. It's been awhile since I watched it, but I think he mentions somewhere during the hailstorm of questions that he cannot concentrate on his lecture if he gets side-tracked by questions. I worry that he's beginning to 'lose it.' But I hope he was merely tired.

    • @ZoeTheCat
      @ZoeTheCat 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ***** LOL! I am also 52! Everything we heard 'old' people say while we were 'young' is turning out to be true. Especially the following bit of wisdom:
      Just wait until you're my age...and as incredible as it may seem, you won't have to wait too long ;-)

    • @ZoeTheCat
      @ZoeTheCat 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** I think time-dilation is the effect. When we're young, we move faster ;-)
      I also remember exactly where I was when I first heard of the Rutherford experiment. At the time, I was nonplussed. I thought it was kind of obvious. Quite a few years later, I realized why Rutherford was completely blown away by the results. When one knows something already, you take it for granted. If I were born a thousand years ago, I guess I would have been blown away that the Earth goes around the Sun.

    • @ZoeTheCat
      @ZoeTheCat 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** Yes, traumatic events tend to clarify our judgment and memory. I can only imagine how the passengers of the recent airline incident felt. That will be recorded FOREVER or however "forever" lasted.
      Just trying to be funny. I absolutely agree with you. We probably have a lot in common.

    • @ZoeTheCat
      @ZoeTheCat 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ***** I slept on your last comment. I absolutely agree with you. The more that I learn, the less I feel that I really know. I spend a great deal of time trying to learn a topic, but when I feel like I've finally absorbed it, I tend to think that I don't understand it very well at all.
      In short, the more I learn, the more I realize that I know nothing at all.

  • @christophers6034
    @christophers6034 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Did anyone else think [ P = 1 ] when reading the title?

  • @brunorhagalcus6132
    @brunorhagalcus6132 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    @aoeflex Oh here we go again... "but Entanglement is Not Enough..." "..." = insert your pitiful interpretation of FSM here. I didn't realize you had your own channel. Noice!

  • @divisorplot
    @divisorplot 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    electric univer audio book really great reflection on octopus geometric largest eye evolution of satellite photons fiber optics peek-a-boo information denied access denied shields up ottffssent~! nine nine nine triangle skunks works area 51 jacks ring holder lord of the ring polarized thumbs up light~! oops sorry carroll lewis thumbs up like. humpty dumpty sat on the wall endocrinology

  • @chrislobby7447
    @chrislobby7447 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    r/killthecameraman

  • @prchat
    @prchat 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I CAN SAFELY SAY, THAT:
    The PHYSICs as we know it, it's About to collapse in a few years. .... It's seems that Physicists can Go further Anymore.

  • @stevebez2767
    @stevebez2767 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Espursion based on Leonard Cohen's attempt too publish song that is not layed into term of any common known say or words in sing or sung before ,where written such as lived in Greek island writing all the songs then took sulphate went crazy threw them in the water is perhaps comment of how no one has ever heard of his songs as unabomber skit zone mass gear if get you that,mind outs,what is giving sulphate as unknown danger write/reads too chase it into non forms that do harm to you for hearings have Versailles Europe courts here? Implausible.

  • @gr8dane626
    @gr8dane626 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Psychotic camera operator, but otherwise interesting lecture. To the camera person... stop it FFS!

  • @roachterberg6714
    @roachterberg6714 7 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    This man's aggressive, closed and restless body language makes him an exceptionally poor educator. His dismissal of the question posed at around 3 minutes in is a disgrace; no matter how stupid the question may have been. His role is to educate, not to put down. In his role as an educator, he is failing miserably at proper pedagogy! Somebody please make this man aware!

    • @mayatrash
      @mayatrash 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      No. He is NOT an educator. He is a scientist.

    • @flatliney0
      @flatliney0 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      No, little boy. The moment this man teaches a class, he takes on the role of an educator.

    • @mayatrash
      @mayatrash 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yeah big man, that's BS. He is just there to propose his hypothesis, so that others can review it. He is not holding a lecture

    • @flatliney0
      @flatliney0 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Why don't you read the description first, before embarassing yourself with such idiotic statements.

  • @afederdk
    @afederdk 10 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    So this is how it sounds when scientists talk to each other.