00:01 Waltz I - Modéré, très franc 01:19 Waltz II - Assez lent, avec une expression intense 03:40 Waltz III - Modéré 04:57 Waltz IV - Assez animé 06:04 Waltz V - Presque lent, dans un sentiment intime 07:39 Waltz VI - Vif 08:19 Waltz VII - Moins vif 10:59 Waltz VIII - Lent
I believe that when this piece was first played some people couldn't recognise the composer. I'd say it's got Ravel stamped through every bar like a piece of rock. Superb!
@@lc1715 Similar French composers such as Lili Boulanger? Also, I thought Ravel would've been well established by 1911! He wrote his Miroirs in 1905...
@@lc1715 He was pretty established by this point, but it premiered at an event where none of the composers were named and thus the pieces could be more "adventurous"
I love how valse 8 is just a slower amalgamation of all of the previous 7 valses. It’s like Ravel is saying: “Alright kids. Let’s review everything that we’ve learned today.” *plays piano slowly and carefully* Either that or he just knew someone would try to write a medley of all of his valses after his death and he said, “No. F*** that! I’m going to write MY OWN medley for these valses! Let’s call it...valse 8!”
There's a thread of thought about the last movement, that it's a deliberate depiction of memory of a party, perhaps in bed, falling asleep with wisps of the night's music weaving in and out. That makes it even more delicious to me
In this song, I feel he was making a subconscious statement to basically say “I’m more genius that you and you don’t know what I just did bc I’m genius and your not, so let’s elaborate the following so you understand
La Valse is one of my favourite pieces ever && I'm just finding this && I love it cause its like every phrase of La Valse was stretched into entire pieces!
Ravel had it out for every pianist who wasn't an Ubermensch. Rumour has it he walked around with a copy of Gaspard de la Nuit and pulled it out every time he met a cocky pianist. Okay, I just made that rumour up, but anyway.
Have been reading a study on form of music and time relevance applicable to note duration withing the form, It gets a lot more complicated needless to say, so wonderful to watch the notation as one is listening. Thank you for the effort gone into putting this up for all to enjoy.
I'd say this is my favorite solo piano piece he's done. I've performed it many times and it never gets old. Deceptively way more difficult than first blush, especially nos. 3, 5, and 6.
Those are some really crazy chords around 00:52: A dominant 7 chord with a major 7 as the top note! (a dissonant flat (interval) All in favour of the chromatic line offcourse.
The clímax on number VII has o be one of the best things ever written for piano solo, followed by a mesmerizing pianissimo passage, beatiful, Monsieur Ravel.
I have heard many pianists play this - they have been all very enjoyable. But this recording has won my heart for the wonderful musicianship that transcended the virtuosity of the piece. As an amateur pianist, I have played it and found it very relaxing (at my own pace). Now I may attempt to transcribe it for classical pipe organ.
Maurice Ravel:Nemesi és érzelmi keringők 1.Moderato - Molto franco 00:00 2.Abbastanza lento - con un'espressione intensa 01:19 3.Moderato 03:40 4. Piúttosto animato 04:57 5. Quasi lento - in una sensazione intima 06:04 6. Abbastanza vivace 07:39 7. Meno luminoso 08:19 8. Epilógus:Lento 10:59 Louis Lortie-zongora
J'ai mit beaucoup de temps à apprécier Ravel, me limitant à son Boléro qui au final n'est pas du tout représentatif de son esprit. Je vais écouter cette valse accompagnée de deux autres oeuvres, ce soir, en concert. ça va être génial !
Beautifully played. Genius, Illuminated Order/Noble And Great One Soul, Ravel... Frankish were not especially fond of dancing. Each generation of composers in that tradition could generally not rely on any former; had to make a trip to the Well At The End Of The World, themselves, for a rare draught- and to bring something...!
Ezequiel Tomaselli Composición Exactly!! Without the bold, unprecedented chords, progressions, voicings of Debussy and Ravel, I ask you: would jazz as we know it today exist?
Ezequiel Tomaselli Composición How about the dominant 7 chords with a major 7 as the top note! You don't even hear that in jazz often, because of the b9 rule it being too dissonant!
Jazz would have existed with or without Ravel or Debussy. But the thing, and you got this part right, is that Jazz borrowed lots of late Romantic chords from then Europe which kind of made Jazz what it is TODAY. But yeah, jazz definitely would've existed anyhow.
@@Noah-wv4td It's a rule I learned in jazz harmony class. The b9 is only allowed in dominant 7th chords and not in minor 7th or major 7th chords, though that rule is often broken with the minor type chords. Major 7b9 is a weird one because it does not belong to a diatonic mode nor any of the conventional modes.
I swear these pieces are much harder than they look, number 4 has taken me around 3 and a half weeks worth of practice to play at slowish tempo without mistakes and number 1's big chord sequence is a real pain to learn not to mention enormous chords that I can barely reach.
Section IV reminds me of the Coltrane Changes (Jazz musicians would know what I'm talking about; for the rest of us there's always Google). Fantastic composition, something I wish I discovered sooner
It's not even the first time Ravel used such harmonies in one of his compositions. Notably in Ondine, the first movement of Gaspard de la Nuit there's a section that is pretty much coltrane changes but minor. It's not really a secret that many jazz musicians loved the works of Ravel, Debussy, Satie, Scriabin, ect... so it should be no surprise that such similarities can be found.
Les silences étoilent la nuit ici et là sans fin. La prunelle de la nuit, un chat y prend le temps mystique. L'accent au fond de la mer, un chat y sent la voyelle innocente par un poème anonyme. Si profond, ce monde, comme un rose qui lit un roman sans titre. Un mot après l'autre… pas ici, pas lointain… les silences étoilent mon coeur pour m'envoyer vers la lune rouge. Ô le chat y ouvre mon soleil. // Bonne nuit.
I find these valses to be somewhat unique in that I have always found Ravel’s orchestrations to be much more satisfying then his piano versions. think La Valse, Pavane, etc. But these work so well as piano pieces and the orchestrated version just leaves me disappointed. First heard these on a 1963 recording by Arthur Rubinstein.
Very well played- a very competitive field; audiences perhaps of the "On the go" types, the tempos, many customarily too fast. Keeping in mind, this is very much music of Hesperethusa, or Iduna. Like certain musicians, Ravel actually achieved the level of Saint- of Hesperethusa, the most profound goddess. Noble Frankish were never very fond of dancing... Music then, like some water brought from The Well At The World's End...
It is a good thing to have the score in order to check what a creative harmonist Ravel was. Some chords are almost impossible to analyze and link to a tonality. These 'valses nobles et sentimentales' are interpreted with much taste.
Guy Sacre dit que ces Valses sont les pièces préférées de l'esthète concernant le piano de Ravel alors je fais mine de les préférer à ses autres compositions.
LOVE this interpretation... some rubato, but the slower numbers aren't mawkish, as I've heard elsewhere. I might not do the crescendo in VII quite so fast, but VIII moves along nicely without losing the mystery.
Let me correct you (in a gentle way): D'où regardez vous cette vidéo ? From which nation are you watching the video? Supposing you're japanese? it's nice to know that people in the other side of the world are listening to Ravel, because of the different musical culture in Japan. Anyways, if you like it, that's nice! And, answering to your question, I'm from Spain.
@@user-gr5hi4um2u Sorry the very late my comment I'm sorry How is your great and invincible France ？ I'm interested in great genius Ravel and respect him . Mussorgsky's masterpiece is the supreme gift of genius Ravel . Ravel is the greatest arrangement's composer in the world . Be on the alert for Coronavirus infection ！ We must never endanger our life with Covid - 19 We must never lose our sense of crisis . I wish you a great and glory life Good luck ！
I would say it's a 6. It's by no means easy, but there are pieces that are technically way harder. Look at Gaspard de la Nuit, also by Ravel. It is one of the hardest pieces in the piano repertoire and you can see the technical differences to this one.
Sigismond Thalberg c'est bien connu que beaucoup de musiciens de jazz admirait les compositeurs "classiques". Erroll Garner, Art Tatum, George Shearing, Phineas Newborn Jr, John Lewis, Bill Evans, et Miles Davis, ont tous profondément etudié les accords et des fragments de Ravel, Debussy, Satie, Scriabin, Bartok, Liszt.. Qu'ils ont par la suite placé dans leurs morceaux. Quelques exemples seraient: Miles Davis qui incorpore du Rodrigo: Concerto de Aranjuez.. Errol Garner qui incorpore Debussy dans Reverie.
![[Brautigam] Ravel: Le Tombeau de Couperin for Piano](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/I_m6hLSpsLc/mqdefault.jpg)
![[Brautigam] Ravel: Le Tombeau de Couperin for Piano](/img/tr.png)
![Francis Poulenc - Nocturnes [With score]](/img/n.gif)
00:01 Waltz I - Modéré, très franc
01:19 Waltz II - Assez lent, avec une expression intense
03:40 Waltz III - Modéré
04:57 Waltz IV - Assez animé
06:04 Waltz V - Presque lent, dans un sentiment intime
07:39 Waltz VI - Vif
08:19 Waltz VII - Moins vif
10:59 Waltz VIII - Lent
Zu viel Werbung!
Too much advertisement!
@@liloruf2838 the channel owner has no bearing on where ads are placed! Do research before bossing people around 👍
Cuando era joven me enamoré de esta obra
Estudié piano.
esta obra me ayuda mucho a calmarme... muchísimas gracias por subirla
@@cobblestonegenerator they do if the video is over 10 minutes long
No. 7 is one of Ravel's finest moments. Just a perfect little piece of compositional ingenuity.
yet so complex and well textured, Ravel was a genius creating miniaturies for piano, it's awesome.
I believe that when this piece was first played some people couldn't recognise the composer. I'd say it's got Ravel stamped through every bar like a piece of rock. Superb!
It was very early in his career, at a time when a good handful of French composers had similar styles. We have the advantage of perspective. :))
@@lc1715 Similar French composers such as Lili Boulanger? Also, I thought Ravel would've been well established by 1911! He wrote his Miroirs in 1905...
@@lc1715 He was pretty established by this point, but it premiered at an event where none of the composers were named and thus the pieces could be more "adventurous"
I love how valse 8 is just a slower amalgamation of all of the previous 7 valses. It’s like Ravel is saying: “Alright kids. Let’s review everything that we’ve learned today.” *plays piano slowly and carefully*
Either that or he just knew someone would try to write a medley of all of his valses after his death and he said, “No. F*** that! I’m going to write MY OWN medley for these valses! Let’s call it...valse 8!”
There's a thread of thought about the last movement, that it's a deliberate depiction of memory of a party, perhaps in bed, falling asleep with wisps of the night's music weaving in and out. That makes it even more delicious to me
Yes, M.Ravel used to use expressions like "F*** that" a lot. Not a very sophisticated man.
@@plekkchand who hurt you?
In this song, I feel he was making a subconscious statement to basically say “I’m more genius that you and you don’t know what I just did bc I’m genius and your not, so let’s elaborate the following so you understand
@@cobblestonegenerator it’s true lmao ravel was very robust. Piss him off and he’d bite back
dude this was the most fun analysis assignment ive done all year
The notation is so gorgeous as well! I could print some bars and hang them on a wall, or maybe tattoo one of them! Amazing!
Somebody who loves this guy talk him out of tattoo
@@brandonmacey964 Thanks, I eventually came to my senses.
@@kaueoliveira7224haha
I've been listening to this for about three hours and I can't get enough of it.
No. 4 (4:57) is so incredible - just listen how Lortie highlights the descending inner voice at 5:01 and forward
Some of the most perfect music ever written - THANK YOU for these uploads. You do a fantastic job!
9:10 this part tho... so dreamy and lightly
La Valse is one of my favourite pieces ever && I'm just finding this && I love it cause its like every phrase of La Valse was stretched into entire pieces!
His melodic phrasing and choices were some of the finest I've heard! Such wonderful stuff!
I love how the most repeated part is also my favorite part of the whole suite, 9:10
Yes, I love that part too.
04:58 La valse
Tiffany Poons recording of that waltz is what made me fall in love with it
All of them are parts of la valse
now I know where Mompou took inspiration to write his minimalistic pieces. listen to number 2, is so evocative and Mompou-styled.
RIP short handed piano players
dude omg, i started practicing this and i can barely make the largest stretches hahaha
Ravel had it out for every pianist who wasn't an Ubermensch. Rumour has it he walked around with a copy of Gaspard de la Nuit and pulled it out every time he met a cocky pianist. Okay, I just made that rumour up, but anyway.
Well, small handed as scriabin, he wrote some of those agility-needed sonatas ... so maybe pick between bid handed and agile?
Well, small handed as scriabin, he wrote some of those agility-needed sonatas ... so maybe pick between bid handed and agile?
It's funny because Ravel himself couldn't have had big hands, he was quite short.
C'est la version la plus naturelle et la plus prodigieuse que j'ai entendue de cette oeuvre. Mille bravos à Louis Lortie!
I am moved to tears hearing that. So much beauty !
Have been reading a study on form of music and time relevance applicable to note duration withing the form, It gets a lot more complicated needless to say, so wonderful to watch the notation as one is listening. Thank you for the effort gone into putting this up for all to enjoy.
Assez Anime does it for me. The way those chords repeat but evolve and have nuance is simply genius. Almost sounds bluesy.
I didn't know Ravel liked anime 😭😭😭 weeb Ravel represent!!!!!!! 😭😭😭😭😭😭😭💖💖💖💖💖💖!
@@lampphoto ?
I'd say this is my favorite solo piano piece he's done. I've performed it many times and it never gets old. Deceptively way more difficult than first blush, especially nos. 3, 5, and 6.
7 is crazy hard
@@_wade_morgan Oh yeah, that one for sure.
3 was far harder than 5 and 6 in my experience
@@Iumine Ya know, upon further reflection, I meant 4, not 5. But yes, I agree 3 is pretty tricky.
Those are some really crazy chords around 00:52: A dominant 7 chord with a major 7 as the top note! (a dissonant flat (interval) All in favour of the chromatic line offcourse.
The clímax on number VII has o be one of the best things ever written for piano solo, followed by a mesmerizing pianissimo passage, beatiful, Monsieur Ravel.
I have heard many pianists play this - they have been all very enjoyable. But this recording has won my heart for the wonderful musicianship that transcended the virtuosity of the piece. As an amateur pianist, I have played it and found it very relaxing (at my own pace). Now I may attempt to transcribe it for classical pipe organ.
13:36 sounds like a part in Miroirs - Noctuelles
Sweetly dissonant. Uplifting.😊
Ravel’s music doesn’t ceases fascinating me. I noticed that some part in these waltzes sounds like some parts in La Valse (the long orchestral waltz).
La meilleure interprétation que j'ai jamais entendue. Son integrale Ravel est actuellement la meilleure selon mon goût.
Maurice Ravel:Nemesi és érzelmi keringők
1.Moderato - Molto franco 00:00
2.Abbastanza lento - con un'espressione intensa 01:19
3.Moderato 03:40
4. Piúttosto animato 04:57
5. Quasi lento - in una sensazione intima 06:04
6. Abbastanza vivace 07:39
7. Meno luminoso 08:19
8. Epilógus:Lento 10:59
Louis Lortie-zongora
Those opening chords are glorious
No. 4 and No. 7 are my favourite. Such lush harmonies!
J'ai mit beaucoup de temps à apprécier Ravel, me limitant à son Boléro qui au final n'est pas du tout représentatif de son esprit.
Je vais écouter cette valse accompagnée de deux autres oeuvres, ce soir, en concert. ça va être génial !
Finally! One with a steady tempo!!
Beautifully played. Genius, Illuminated Order/Noble And Great One Soul, Ravel... Frankish were not especially fond of dancing. Each generation of composers in that tradition could generally not rely on any former; had to make a trip to the Well At The End Of The World, themselves, for a rare draught- and to bring something...!
The first waltz, so joyous and beautiful ❤️ It fills my heart with happiness 😁
Ravel wrote above the title: the exquisite pleasure of a futile pursuit.
On n'a pas fait mieux depuis...
Élégance, intelligence, tout y est.
00:51 Maj7 and Dominant #9 chords everywhere, Ravel thank you for Jazz
Ezequiel Tomaselli Composición Exactly!! Without the bold, unprecedented chords, progressions, voicings of Debussy and Ravel, I ask you: would jazz as we know it today exist?
Ezequiel Tomaselli Composición How about the dominant 7 chords with a major 7 as the top note! You don't even hear that in jazz often, because of the b9 rule it being too dissonant!
Before the "rules" were invented, Ravel proved there was never a need for them :o
Jazz would have existed with or without Ravel or Debussy. But the thing, and you got this part right, is that Jazz borrowed lots of late Romantic chords from then Europe which kind of made Jazz what it is TODAY. But yeah, jazz definitely would've existed anyhow.
@@Noah-wv4td It's a rule I learned in jazz harmony class. The b9 is only allowed in dominant 7th chords and not in minor 7th or major 7th chords, though that rule is often broken with the minor type chords. Major 7b9 is a weird one because it does not belong to a diatonic mode nor any of the conventional modes.
I swear these pieces are much harder than they look, number 4 has taken me around 3 and a half weeks worth of practice to play at slowish tempo without mistakes and number 1's big chord sequence is a real pain to learn not to mention enormous chords that I can barely reach.
Thanks for the uploading the score 💛🤍🎼🎶🎵🥰😎
Can't help but notice the similarities with La Valse and this (especially waltzes 1, 3, and 4)
beautiful colours!
indeed!
Yes
Of course
4:57 this sounds just like La valse
so is 9:20
Section IV reminds me of the Coltrane Changes (Jazz musicians would know what I'm talking about; for the rest of us there's always Google). Fantastic composition, something I wish I discovered sooner
It's not even the first time Ravel used such harmonies in one of his compositions. Notably in Ondine, the first movement of Gaspard de la Nuit there's a section that is pretty much coltrane changes but minor.
It's not really a secret that many jazz musicians loved the works of Ravel, Debussy, Satie, Scriabin, ect... so it should be no surprise that such similarities can be found.
It's truly wonderful. I always wonder in what exact ways were these composed.
These are amazing! ❤
Les silences étoilent la nuit ici et là sans fin. La prunelle de la nuit, un chat y prend le temps mystique. L'accent au fond de la mer, un chat y sent la voyelle innocente par un poème anonyme. Si profond, ce monde, comme un rose qui lit un roman sans titre. Un mot après l'autre… pas ici, pas lointain… les silences étoilent mon coeur pour m'envoyer vers la lune rouge. Ô le chat y ouvre mon soleil. // Bonne nuit.
I can't copy and paste this to Google translate
クズは黙れ！
クズは黙れ！
i can hear La Valse in Waltz No.4
I find these valses to be somewhat unique in that I have always found Ravel’s orchestrations to be much more satisfying then his piano versions. think La Valse, Pavane, etc. But these work so well as piano pieces and the orchestrated version just leaves me disappointed. First heard these on a 1963 recording by Arthur Rubinstein.
Einfach gesagt - so eine schöne Musik!
Ja, es ist sehr gut.
Ja man
Que c’est beau et riche 😊
Very well played- a very competitive field; audiences perhaps of the "On the go" types, the tempos, many customarily too fast. Keeping in mind, this is very much music of Hesperethusa, or Iduna. Like certain musicians, Ravel actually achieved the level of Saint- of Hesperethusa, the most profound goddess. Noble Frankish were never very fond of dancing... Music then, like some water brought from The Well At The World's End...
This is music
You can tell Ravel was influenced by Schumann in this set, notably Papillons!
It is a good thing to have the score in order to check what a creative harmonist Ravel was. Some chords are almost impossible to analyze and link to a tonality. These 'valses nobles et sentimentales' are interpreted with much taste.
Gérard Begni Isn't it? Some chords are really out there.
Guy Sacre dit que ces Valses sont les pièces préférées de l'esthète concernant le piano de Ravel alors je fais mine de les préférer à ses autres compositions.
"Guy Sacre dit que ces Valses sont les pièces préférés de l'esthète concernant le piano de Ravel" - c'est très intéressant, est-ce qu'il dit pourquoi?
I speak french and I did not understand!! Do you speak french????
@@aj7bwndn Take French lessons.
Without Ravel, modern music would be a mistake.
Haha, I see what you did there. Nietzsche!
LOVE this interpretation... some rubato, but the slower numbers aren't mawkish, as I've heard elsewhere. I might not do the crescendo in VII quite so fast, but VIII moves along nicely without losing the mystery.
are the 0:47 / 01:00 harmonies the lushest ever written?
The first song is such a blunder of color and emotion
sounds like drafts and ideas for la valse ngl, interesting piece regardless
Maravilloso...
I swore I could have heard some Gershwin..but Gershwin was only 12 years old when Ravel wrote this!
I think the last movement should be played with the sostenuto pedal instead of blurring the harmonies with the damper.
Lol
LMAO
Doesn’t the 7th one sound like la valse?
Ravel was still dreaming. He thought he was working on La Valse.
Don’t they all?
This play leaves me spellbound . Vous regardez que catte video est du pays ？ Which national person are you watching this video ？
Let me correct you (in a gentle way):
D'où regardez vous cette vidéo ?
From which nation are you watching the video?
Supposing you're japanese? it's nice to know that people in the other side of the world are listening to Ravel, because of the different musical culture in Japan. Anyways, if you like it, that's nice! And, answering to your question, I'm from Spain.
Chinois
@@user-gr5hi4um2u
Sorry the very late my comment
I'm sorry
How is your great and invincible France ？
I'm interested in great genius Ravel and respect him .
Mussorgsky's masterpiece is the supreme gift of genius Ravel .
Ravel is the greatest arrangement's composer in the world .
Be on the alert for Coronavirus infection ！
We must never endanger our life with Covid - 19
We must never lose our sense of crisis .
I wish you a great and glory life
Good luck ！
@@Johnluthecomposer
Are you French ？
I am a real Japanese
あなたはフランス人ですか❓
私は日本人です。
I'm italian haha
I have more bookmarks of Ravel music on my web browser than of any other composer!🤣
I'm a brass player. I can't imagine a human being able to read and play this. Pianist out there, how difficult is this piece 1-10?
I would say it's a 6. It's by no means easy, but there are pieces that are technically way harder.
Look at Gaspard de la Nuit, also by Ravel. It is one of the hardest pieces in the piano repertoire and you can see the technical differences to this one.
Why would you put ads?!?!
The owners of the recording put them there.
Genius.....
John Hamm, such an underrated composer.
4:57IV is very similar to la valse
my favorite 6
Old Frankish for Iduna, Waoia; Soirehel, very similar to Nilfheim, for many impressionist works, The Brightness Of The Evening...
7:29 I wish at the end he wrote Emaj7 instead of E major triad, it would fit much better imo.
We can’t always get what we want
Ravel's music sometimes reminds me very much of George Gershwin's music
3:55
Epic
2:10 cette partie ressemble un peu au jazz ..
Sigismond Thalberg en éntendant son piano concerto, on peut trouver que beaucoup d'éléments du jazz qui sont présents.
Sigismond Thalberg c'est bien connu que beaucoup de musiciens de jazz admirait les compositeurs "classiques". Erroll Garner, Art Tatum, George Shearing, Phineas Newborn Jr, John Lewis, Bill Evans, et Miles Davis, ont tous profondément etudié les accords et des fragments de Ravel, Debussy, Satie, Scriabin, Bartok, Liszt.. Qu'ils ont par la suite placé dans leurs morceaux. Quelques exemples seraient:
Miles Davis qui incorpore du Rodrigo: Concerto de Aranjuez.. Errol Garner qui incorpore Debussy dans Reverie.
Postmodern Musical Sophist un beaucoup de musiciens de jazz étudié avec Darius Milhaud.
Pardon mon français. Mon langue premier est anglais
本人今年28岁，从6岁开始听古典音乐，听了22年，至今只服一个人：拉威尔。
Can I play this with 9-10 th hand span?
I love it
Love
Now I know why Hamauzu-San took Ravel as an example.
Qui est là grâce au roman "Intérieur nuit" de Marisha Pessl?😊
8:52 la valse
You meant 9:33?
9:22 la valse
They’re all La Valse basically
高雅で感傷的なワルツ！和訳面白いよね！（笑）😊
僕、肩の筋肉凄いでしょ？恥ずかしいの、ゴールドジムのおっさんみたいで、、まあ僕らしいと言えば僕らしいね。恥ずかしい。
まだクズ？やっちゃってよ！ウザいの嫌い！
what the fking holy crazy score #bキ*
A dream of waltzes.
This sounds like a mish-mash of early Messiaen, Prokofiev and Debussy.
10:31
The first waltz: “Let’s see how big I can make these chords!”
Questa sì che è Musica .... Altro che la merdosissima musica commerciale che viene scritta oggi...
Giusto :D
❤
beginning of the 4th sounds like Scriabin.
texture!
Damn because I don't have long fingers
Hm, compare this to the recording of Arcadi Volodos => see what's possible
9:13
reminds me so much of Poulenc.