Neurology | Vagus Nerve: Cranial Nerve X

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 พ.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 287

  • @hayatsamiya76
    @hayatsamiya76 4 ปีที่แล้ว +42

    i look at his enthusiasm in awe. he is inspiring. his energy is so good, i can see he enjoys it and is very passionate about this. if youre to do anything in life, it has to be with this kind of enthusiasm.

  • @natiaturabelidze4330
    @natiaturabelidze4330 5 ปีที่แล้ว +109

    Thank you million, million times... your work is priceless! from the very first time I begun my studies with you video lessons, I couldn't believe all of this is available for free... it s a charity you do!

    • @Brancaalice
      @Brancaalice 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      No honey, he is teaching not to regular class of thousands, it to billions of students around the world.

  • @sumitrabandopadhyay1619
    @sumitrabandopadhyay1619 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I am a 74 years lady , you are super talented in your field. I was looking for vagus nerve .... in modern days computer posture whether the nerve gets affected , came across
    Your site .. mind blowing. Thank you for your hard work.

  • @libbyryantrausch6111
    @libbyryantrausch6111 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you! I’ve been a physical therapist for 15 years and wanted for many years to review everything you cover. You’re helping more and more of my clients get better!!

  • @197sma
    @197sma 4 ปีที่แล้ว +28

    One hell of a great teacher that is born once in several centuries. I feel so fortunate to have attended your AMAZING LECTURES. MAY EXISTENCE BLESS YOU ALWAYS.

  • @kerryannestevenson6099
    @kerryannestevenson6099 3 ปีที่แล้ว +42

    I’m in awe of your knowledge but grateful that you have it and are generous to freely share it with us.Thankyou.

    • @edwconr
      @edwconr ปีที่แล้ว

      Psalm 139: I praise You (JESUS CHRIST) because I am fearfully and wonderfully made.
      Dr. P. Edwards Conrad/ LIFETIME CMDA MEMBER.

  • @GLamoRousCooKie
    @GLamoRousCooKie 6 ปีที่แล้ว +185

    I watched so many of these videos by now, I think I'm actually starting to fall in love with you.

  • @MrKjelder1
    @MrKjelder1 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Now I understand why, when I contracted Gullian Barre Syndrome in 2016 from the Gardisal HPV Vac, that the first symptoms was a respiratory type illness hypercongestion, yet no strength to cough or breath, difficulty in swallowing, sensitivity to loud noises and taste was weird with severe pain in my teeth and jaw, very low Blood Pressure. At the time I just thought it was Bronchitis, only a week later did I start losing sensation in my hands and feet. Clearly my Vagus Nerve was the first part of my Nervous system to be attacked. And why the Yogic Pranayam ( breath work and meditation) helped so much on accelerating my recovery. Fascinating. Thank you for the information.

  • @pchabanowich
    @pchabanowich 5 ปีที่แล้ว +18

    This is a smooth intro to the vagus nerve complex. Flawless presentation. Thank you.

  • @joehernandez3538
    @joehernandez3538 5 ปีที่แล้ว +19

    dude, you have no idea how much this helped me out with my presentation project over vocal fold paralysis. i may have gotten more information than i asked for, but wow did you really clarify how the laryngeal nerve branches work with the larynx. thank you!

  • @DavidJohnson-qs9mk
    @DavidJohnson-qs9mk ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I've listened to a number of youtube videos on the vagus nerve but this was by far the best! Very clear. Easy to follow.

  • @Reincarnation111
    @Reincarnation111 4 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    This Vagus nerve should be called the 'good boy' for the functions it performs for and serves us in so many ways. I am grateful for this super complex and truly miraculous system we are blessed with. Let us praise, thank and meditate on it so it keeps functioning well. I am overwhelmed by watching how one nerve can manage so many organs.
    Thanks for this informative video, not that understood all of it on, but I did get the essence and will watch it again to learn more.

  • @sophieboisvert
    @sophieboisvert ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Sir I am beyond grateful for this precious information. I am researching about the vagus nerve because I hade a surgery that went horribly wrong in 2004. I lost pretty much all the sensation of my face and many years later I learn that my abdominal pain was cause by the nerve damage in my face. I want to eventually share my story and the cover up and lies doctor and the surgeon did. The piece of the this complex puzzle is coming together and all is making so much sense now. I can’t thank you enough 🙏❤️

    • @loml4evr196
      @loml4evr196 ปีที่แล้ว

      Totally agree! This professor & video are a Godsend. I know someone this happened to....mentioned it to several doctors. Total coverup from Neurology to Gastrointestinal to Pain Doctors to Cardiovascular and back through the circus of circles. Not one would even listen to me or consider the subject. Thank you Professor... I think you just won his lawsuit!! Namaste Sir.

  • @bokugakirada6599
    @bokugakirada6599 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Sir i can't express my gratitude in words
    I owe you sir

  • @prastutigoel3286
    @prastutigoel3286 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    You are saving lives of lots of medical students thanks a lot😀😀

  • @miguelirausquin6939
    @miguelirausquin6939 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I think everyone in this comment section has said what I feel about this video, there are no doubts that this is an excellent presentation. I can only say thank you, from a struggling med-student

  • @MargaretStPeter
    @MargaretStPeter 5 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    wow, you are really good at this, thank you. I am coping with a vagus nerve problem and this really helps me understand how it all works.

  • @nancysaake6497
    @nancysaake6497 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I am having issues with my Vagus nerve. This video (while most went over my head) was the easiest one to watch. You really explain it well!

  • @billsargent1021
    @billsargent1021 5 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    You explained it better than any of my college professors thank you

  • @BlissfullyActive
    @BlissfullyActive 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I needed you as a science teacher! You do a great job! Keep inspiring our kids!

  • @shellysistla9037
    @shellysistla9037 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    No words to say or describe anything.. it's just a great THANK YOU... Really thanks a lot. You are helping a lot of medical and dental students, practitioners and academicians for quick review.. thank you.

  • @katiehopper4282
    @katiehopper4282 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Teacher here and wow, love your delivery and approach. Keep it up.

  • @jenn6194
    @jenn6194 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I loved Biology at school. It was my second favourite subject... and it's been a long time since I was at school, believe me. I wish this guy was my teacher. I've probably learnt as much in the past half hour as I learnt in Years 11 and 12 altogether.
    Firing up the neurons big time... 😀

  • @tatianacapodistria8512
    @tatianacapodistria8512 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nothing to do with medicine, anatomy and the like; just a Greek journo inveterately fascinated by the functions of the human organism. BUT your truly amazing, hands-on video helped me decipher some of the decades-long breathing issues I have, ever since that car crash in my late twenties that resulted in a larynx lesion - and a temporary loss of proper articulation. Thanks a bunch. So grateful.

  • @JerzeyBird
    @JerzeyBird 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Wow, dude. Physiologist here. Much respect for your command of the biology. Just found you but will check you out. Thanks.

  • @franrushie1383
    @franrushie1383 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Fascinating... I’m so interested in every detail and you are so articulate in explaining it all...

  • @tahmidshahriar5102
    @tahmidshahriar5102 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Outstanding explanation!!!! Watching from 🇧🇩🇧🇩🇧🇩🇧🇩

  • @muhammadtariq996
    @muhammadtariq996 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    So impressive, and detailed description. Great, wonderful, amazing. Thank you so much. Excellent presentation, especially with all these different fibers and their branches. Truly, you are amazing. Can't say thank you enough.

  • @20fanor
    @20fanor 5 ปีที่แล้ว +81

    Dude can you take my anatomy final lol. This guy is super knowledgeable

    • @abdaljaleel5683
      @abdaljaleel5683 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Now what is your score in the exam 😂

  • @michawooszyn6765
    @michawooszyn6765 ปีที่แล้ว

    ❤❤❤❤❤ from Poland
    I'm doing School of Osteopathy and Yours videos are SO helpfull. THX and Dziekuje🙏

  • @kvcrao7472
    @kvcrao7472 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Beatifull description EXPLAINING the functionalities the minute diversions of nerve

  • @matthatson
    @matthatson 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great introduction to the Vagus Nerve! I use Vagus Nerve Stimulation techniques myself and with many of my clients to great effect in improving wellbeing, decision-making and resilience!

  • @ishtaiwemoftah6602
    @ishtaiwemoftah6602 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you, I really appreciate your effort to make the vagus nerve easy to understand.

  • @mansourabdulshafea8647
    @mansourabdulshafea8647 6 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Stunning, Stunning & Stunning. Thanks a lot for this great video

  • @sf.578
    @sf.578 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    though I was about to cry at the end of the video.... i understood it perfectly.. cant thank you enough for summarizing all this **** into one precise video... :)

  • @honeym1904
    @honeym1904 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I so appreciate it. This is the best way to learn us easily.

  • @josetrujillo738
    @josetrujillo738 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Ninja Nerds For Life!

  • @venkataswamyparagati9548
    @venkataswamyparagati9548 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very excellent subject for medical students as he is explaining anatomy of vague vein but common man wants functioning of vague vein and dysfunction of it and how correct it by massaging and pressing any trigger points

  • @svenkreutzer5617
    @svenkreutzer5617 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    WOW!! Best video ever, thank you very much. You're a very nice tutor and you're way to teach things is amazing! Keep it up, thank u a lot!

  • @annamariathemeli9646
    @annamariathemeli9646 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    You are amazing and rarely as a person with such knowledge you are very helpful for the people who are ignorant of medicin and they are fooled by their doctors they have no idea what is going on and the fail in their life but you Re helping them bless you and may God watch over you

    • @janefuller6755
      @janefuller6755 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Do you have a video that covers the vagus nerve that controls the stomach? I'll keep looking. Thank you for charting your knowledge. So fascinating.

  • @waltropica
    @waltropica 7 ปีที่แล้ว +51

    salpingopharyngeus is called that way because salpinx is tube in greek. as you said its near the auditory tube, so thats how they came up with this name ;)
    Another great video :)

    • @NinjaNerdOfficial
      @NinjaNerdOfficial  7 ปีที่แล้ว +25

      +waltropica you learn something new every day!!!!

    • @drdeb_ocherry
      @drdeb_ocherry 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@NinjaNerdOfficial no way, there is nothing you don't know, dude!

    • @dr_ismail_wazir
      @dr_ismail_wazir 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      thanks thanks

    • @erinchavez4236
      @erinchavez4236 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Lol he said stinker .. dang auto correct again

  • @kathyh4804
    @kathyh4804 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    My son had severe headaches and stomache pain
    Went to gastroenterologists and neurologists.... for 3 years of pain and losing credits in school from missed days ... I FINALLY took him to a chiropractor who thought like I that it was the Vegas nerve
    It was!! He’s been almost headache free for 2 years
    The other “doctors” told me the Vegas nerve is no such thing 🥺

    • @nancneumann4196
      @nancneumann4196 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I have severe osteoarthritis and degeneration in my cervical spine/ w moderate thoracic damage and ive gone to 2 orthapedic surgeons and one pain management specialist who insist surgery cant help me and that the spine destruction can not possibly be the cause of any of my symptons which include: chronic sleepiness, jaw ear mouth pain, constant headaches ,abnormal eegs and complex apnea.
      Im going to a sleep study tonight- doc is considering a nerve stimulator for my apneas since cpaps in the recent past only made my nonbreathing incidences worse. Pulmonary and cardiac examinations are clear and normal.
      If i get neck surgery- wouldnt that alleviate vagus nerve impigements? Also, why dont docs order a dynamic mri, myelogram or something similar?
      I feel like most doctors here are so ignorant, narrow minded, uneducated- and insurance zombies.
      People are suffering terribly.

  • @user-vj1jp4gk8s
    @user-vj1jp4gk8s 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    U r doing a great job..keep it up....making anatomy so simple n interesting

  • @amberwebb2429
    @amberwebb2429 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent job!! Former PTA andATP.
    I had C5-C6 fusion years ago. I’m waiting for Neuro appointment to address Vagus nerve damage. It’s been a long road. I have dysphagia, gastroparesis and laxative dependent and on liquid diet. Also, started having ANS issues heart and body temp regulation. I’m 6ft tall and weigh 127 lbs. I have to say it is so weird... when I get nauseous, I sneeze!! Hoping it’s possible for Vagus Nerve Stimulator option. I’m 51 with 3 kids. I sure hope you are teaching or working in health field! There is not enough awareness of this diagnosis, even in the medical field. God Bless you and keep on teaching♥️🙏🏼🕊 NE TN mountains ⛰

  • @rajaalahmar4371
    @rajaalahmar4371 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    we are super lucky to have you

  • @michellebarnett8382
    @michellebarnett8382 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for sharing your knowledge in a way that makes so much common sense

  • @ochiengjoseph8225
    @ochiengjoseph8225 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks so much Professor Zach

  • @kamalshah1353
    @kamalshah1353 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I ow you Ninja Nerd. Once I get my license for practicing as a dentist in the States I will definitely donate to your academy. Thank you

  • @lid.1165
    @lid.1165 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much your genuine enthusiasm amazed me
    Very helpful
    Your my best teacher

  • @ruggerogabbrielli6831
    @ruggerogabbrielli6831 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Signals from the carotid bodies travel through the carotid sinus nerve, which is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, not the vagus.

  • @shanzaychaudhry8189
    @shanzaychaudhry8189 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hell awesome of a teacher man !!!!!!!

  • @charithavelpula1714
    @charithavelpula1714 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    You are genius sir! 🏆nice explaination great teacher.

  • @celow4446
    @celow4446 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    THANK YOU YOU'RE THE BEST

  • @martinnunez836
    @martinnunez836 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The illustrations and the way you describe it is very informative. Thanks so much for your knowledge and willingness to share it 🙏

  • @fatimaghafoor291
    @fatimaghafoor291 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent job,hats off!

  • @waqaschaudhary4678
    @waqaschaudhary4678 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Mr.Zack

  • @adamatova
    @adamatova 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    How can I like this 100 times?

  • @RobertLongM
    @RobertLongM 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    I’ll look but can you then break down this into “conditions” for example - someone with Chiari Malformation due to EDS Or Cervical Instability- how do these get complications in motor or speech or Gastro, even heart. Or how SVT becomes a problem.
    How “stress and Anxiety” contributes to low vagal tone and or high.
    Thank you

  • @upendrasingh9315
    @upendrasingh9315 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir you are very honest

  • @reynalindstrom2496
    @reynalindstrom2496 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Amazing exiting lecture! Love from Sweden

  • @AD_IT_YA
    @AD_IT_YA 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are very helpful thanks sir

  • @hinumanwani9757
    @hinumanwani9757 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANKS FOR THE HARD WORK REALLY HELPFUL VIDEO

  • @g.annasmith9834
    @g.annasmith9834 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Brilliant lecture.

  • @top-le
    @top-le 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you billion times bro

  • @黃紹閔
    @黃紹閔 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello~ Thanks for your great video. I found that some online resource said that the adrenal medulla is only supplied by sympathetic nerve ; there is no evidence that support spleen,kidney is supplied by parasympathetic nerve.

  • @edwconr
    @edwconr ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for posting.

    • @edwconr
      @edwconr ปีที่แล้ว

      clinical pearl: acquired Arnold Chiari type one secondary to dislocated spina bifida occulta results in vagal symptoms including but not limited to: hypersensitivity of soft palate; inner ear disturbance; swallowing difficulties; nausea; vomiting; complex headaches (closer in symptoms to ICH than migraines) and gait instability. FYI. Thanks for posting.

  • @blahblah-ug5dw
    @blahblah-ug5dw 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Yo! Im gonna pray for you man, the least i could do!

  • @benjamin5026
    @benjamin5026 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I found out after a long road to my diagnosis that i have gastroperisis and apparently the vagus nerve is related to this condition and so i guess my nerve isnt working at 100%. SO now i take metaclopramide medication to stimulate my stomach to contract so i can digest food and it really has changed my life for the better.

    • @danny9732
      @danny9732 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Are you better now?

  • @bartobruintjes7056
    @bartobruintjes7056 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    The main problem of the Vagus Nerve is located in the middle of the outside of peoples neck. The nerve there is mostly blocked by trigger points. Unblocking these trigger points and the Vagus Nerve will become in a relaxed state. This is the most important thing to treat the Vagus Nerve. Once you have done that, than you are going to feel that both on a physically and mentally way. You will feel as if you are reborned. It will change your life forever.

  • @dr.shahadathossain1551
    @dr.shahadathossain1551 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent presentation. Thanks from Bangladesh ❤

  • @RobertLongM
    @RobertLongM 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Wow you’re smart, and a good teacher!
    The 12 who disliked this must have been in his class

  • @danakadamani555
    @danakadamani555 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    You are genius. ❤️❤️

  • @urospeteh2637
    @urospeteh2637 6 ปีที่แล้ว +26

    I have lost everything in life due to a damage to vagus nerve. My esophagus doesnt work. Refluxes dont clear. Cant breathe, cant do sports, cant enjoy books, all because of stupid viral infection who attacked branches of vagus nerve.

    • @vimlatiwari51
      @vimlatiwari51 6 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Uroš Peteh I am so sorry to hear that

    • @urospeteh2637
      @urospeteh2637 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      vimla tiwari Thanks for your compassion. It's a nightmare.

    • @jaydevsinhsolanki9323
      @jaydevsinhsolanki9323 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Did you cured now?

    • @urospeteh2637
      @urospeteh2637 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Jaydev Solanki No. It is a life long disease. ( innefective esophageal motility). And all the prokinetics have serious side effects. I dont know what to do.

    • @jaydevsinhsolanki9323
      @jaydevsinhsolanki9323 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Uroš Peteh Have faith that healing will come shortly !! I don't know you but I'm feeling very sad about you ! Don't lose hope my dear!! 😭🙏🤝

  • @ashokchoudhary5149
    @ashokchoudhary5149 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Brother..u rock..... thanks a lot for such amazing lectures...!!

  • @drjcwardjr
    @drjcwardjr 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Terrific presentation!😷👍

  • @ruggerogabbrielli6831
    @ruggerogabbrielli6831 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great! What about the inotropic action? Of the three cardiac branches I mean. Does any of these help with keeping the force of contraction of the heart to a lower level?

  • @laurayeesnover631
    @laurayeesnover631 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent!!!!!

  • @godofallgodswithnoothernam920
    @godofallgodswithnoothernam920 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Guys incredible

  • @BenMcleanhall
    @BenMcleanhall 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The way Jesus made the body is just Awesome! How everything is so perfectly connected and working, and how everything is in the exact right place as it needs to be. PRAISE GOD!

  • @beecee4757
    @beecee4757 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Do you think damage to the vagus nerve could cause Achalasia? I think i burnt my vagus nerve with food, do you think it will heal?

  • @asmaasora
    @asmaasora 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you great content and so well explained and simplified

  • @ilyaskhanilyaskhan4787
    @ilyaskhanilyaskhan4787 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you sir

  • @abdelrahmanafifi9348
    @abdelrahmanafifi9348 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you so much for the thorough Explanation its unique and really useful :D

  • @starrynight3009
    @starrynight3009 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you for the detailed explanation...

  • @nisharathee526
    @nisharathee526 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    The best professor

  • @josetrujillo738
    @josetrujillo738 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    “BEAUTIFUL!”

  • @pvtpain66k
    @pvtpain66k 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I have Gastroparesis & I'm pretty sure it's from damage to my vagus nerve somewhere near the stomach.

  • @ramchandravarade31
    @ramchandravarade31 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice information sir thanks

  • @hayattiya8704
    @hayattiya8704 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    you are amazing love you from algeria

  • @abdaljaleel5683
    @abdaljaleel5683 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    What amazing explanations 💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜 Thanks a lot

  • @kuldeep130
    @kuldeep130 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love vagus nerve. ❤️❤️

  • @mustafakhalil6752
    @mustafakhalil6752 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are great man!

  • @muhdhaz1234
    @muhdhaz1234 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    How complex God creates system for human...Almighty Allah s w.t...the most Gracious most mercifull

  • @manjum99
    @manjum99 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Hi thank You so much for these videos..
    Just one question.. Are you a Harvard student?

  • @MarcDaniels7
    @MarcDaniels7 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    So good, its a bit dangerous because it legit has me thinking about returning ONCE AGAIN to school lol. Are you a nuero surgeon? The vagas nerve has a lot of momentum as you probably know in the Deepak Chopra circles. IE Chakras, meditations, etc due to its role in calming the sympathetic flight or fight response. Well done on this informative video. Subscribed!

  • @tanayshah7891
    @tanayshah7891 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hit a like if u survived this entire worthy lecture...

  • @UKLady
    @UKLady 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'd love to see a video covering cluster headaches

  • @redtroika8264
    @redtroika8264 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video. Considering the origin of the vagus nerve it sure looks like poor neck posture physical injury or heavy metals can effect the upper cervical area and cause damage to the vagus nerve. Improving upper cervical stability May reduce vagus nerve injury or damage???

  • @NMARCER
    @NMARCER 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Informative and fun presentation of the vagus nerve. However, I have a question; you mentioned a number of times that the vagus goes to the adrenal gland (via the right nerve and coeliac plexus) - my question is; what does it do to the adrenal gland?

    • @honey6969100
      @honey6969100 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Stimulates secretion

    • @NMARCER
      @NMARCER 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@honey6969100 stimulates secretion of what?

  • @CamOp3r4t3r
    @CamOp3r4t3r 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks