@@yogeshnegi1090absolutely we should not...But the thing which is causing u Depression and still u opt for that same thing without any solution for that...then it will be Utterly Nonsense thing done by u...which not only harms but also waste your time ....
@@kattarsolanky2985 lol I can just laugh on your comment. You'll not understand what an aspirant goes through such as humiliation, family problems, financial problems, failure, disrespect etc. During the journey of an upsc candidate he have to face too much just to achieve something. For your knowledge: A depressed human doesn't opt for upsc but the journy make him to become depressed. They sacrifice everything for this.
Form Factor is the ratio between the R.M.S (Root Mean Square) value and average value of electric quantity (Current or Voltage). For a sinewave, the form factor is 1.11. Now, we know that 400kV and 800kV are not the multiple of 11. Also, 10kV x 1.11 = 11.1kV 20kV x 1.11 = 22.2kV 30kV x 1.11 = 33.3kV 60kV x 1.11 = 66.6kV 120kV x 1.11 = 133.2kV (But the transmitted voltage are 132kV. The above calculation clearly shows that the results are different then the general values i.e. in case of 132kV, with the from factor multiplication, it is 133.2kV. If it is not related to the form Factor, What is it then? Now back to the point, the voltage at the receiving end are generally: 10kV 20kV 30kV 60kV 120kV and so on… But we already know that there are some voltage drop due to the resistance of the transmission lines. For this reason, they transmit 10% extra voltage. For example: Sending Voltage = 10kV x 10% = 11kV. While the receiving end voltage are 10kV due to voltage drop. More examples are given in below table. 10kV*10%=11kV 20kV*10%=22kV 30kV*10%=33kV 60kV*10%=66kV 120kV*10%=132kV
The ans was very wrong...transmission line voltages are not always multiple of 11...there are transmission lines which are of 400 KV 765 kv 800 kV ....which has nothing to do with form factor...initially power transfer was considered with 10 percent loss ...means if we supply 11 Kv and 10% loss is considered so atleast 10KV can be transferred
@@JainBhawna26 Seems like a joke to me, Your comment is like a kid is writing anything on youtube comment section, First read the whole answer I have never said it is always in multiple of 11 & have mentioned those 400 and 800 kV transmission line voltages in my answer The matter of fact is these kid just don't want to read big answer and just want to criticise in everything
@@themihirmathurofficial actually it was not a reply to ur comment...I havn't read ur comment...by mistake I have replied on YOUR comment section...It was my reply to the video that ans was wrong.
😂😂😂😂This Comment Made Me So Hard Laugh Bruh I Don’t Have Job Right Now Rent Daine Ke Paise Nhi Hae 2Ya3 Din Mei Road Pe Aa Jaunga Zindgi Ki Lgi Pdi Hae But This Makes Me Laugh
No wrong ❌ He is not an Electrical Engineer. To make sure we receive 10kV at the receiving end we send 10% extra so 11kV is transmitted. Similarly for 6kV transmit 6.6 kv for 400kV transmit 440kV etc. This 10% extra is because the transmission lines have impedance and here there is a voltage drop across the impedance therefore the voltage at the receiving end will be lessened. No question of form factor.
His answer may be wrong but the way he formed a quick answer correlating form factor with Transmission line voltages with his knowldege and thinking actually shows that he is an electrical engineer.
form factor se 220v 440v ka kya lena dena hai bhai sab .. voltage of transmission line can be anything like 400kv in EHV ,25k in railway transmission . Shuruwat se Engineer aisa blueprint taiyar kiya hai jo chalte aa rha hai usi hisab se hmari electric appliances bhi rating ki hui hai ...but yu can change magnitude of transmission line as per required
Since we generate electricity generally 10kv and we assume maximum 10% losses possible transmission so that we send 10% extra power that's why it's become multiple of 11
Wrong answer , higher voltage ⚡ in transmission line lower the current and lower then current means lower the losses , 11kv is universal standard just , and multiple of 11s multiple of insulation
hr jagah 100 Percent m voltage hota hai kyuki jb voltage ko Wire se send kiya jata kuch amount lose ho jata isly 10 percent extra diya jata jisse receiver tk 100 percent recive ho paye mana jata hai ki sending voltage m 10 percent voltage lose ho jata hai
When an alternator generates voltage, we always use a multiple of 1.11 because for a pure sine wave the FORM FACTOR is the ratio of rms value of voltage or current with the avg.
@@bababundela6030 badiya bhai...me here too...ajj hi job mili mujhe, as a factory worker in my nearby factory 🤩🤩...my first ever job after my BTech from NIT
Wrong answer In India there is 5-10% of tolerence is allowed in transmission voltage So generation companies have generate voltage (in no of) of 200, 60 ,110 So if u take 60v it's 10% = 6 Then generated voltage is 60+6= 66kv If u take 100 it's 10% = 10 Then generated voltage is 100+10 = 110kv
10 % power loss consider kiya jata hai isliye voltage 11 k multiple me hote h . Agar humko 100 volt transmit krna h to 100 volt hi bhejne se loss k wjh se wo 90 v ho jayega isliye 110 volt bhejne se receiving pr 100 volt milega
Nope he is absolutely correct. Form factor is 1.11. If this form factor is not maintained, electrical transmission won't be in the form of a sinusoidal wave and almost all electrical appliances now work with sinusoidal input.
there is no reason of form factor or waveform of sine wave in this question the reason is that While sending end voltage needs to be higher than receiving end voltage (it's generally kept 10% higher) the sending end voltage say 10kv than 10kv+10% = 11kvof sending end voltage is kept so that if due to any reasons if there is some losses or percent of voltage loss at recieving end 3xact same amount of voltage can be obtained that is 10kv
@@indianrawkd702Job mila nhi mila koi fark nai padta lekin Electrical Engineer banne pr vo bahot kuchh sikh chuka hota hai...itna ki vo apni life me kabhi unsuccess nahi rahega... Powerful Degree #Respect
Wow! These questions speak loads about the huge experience these interviewers have. All the questions are asked from practical scenario from their own work fields. Especially DMRC GM is not question from any specific point. Great video!
Agar Sinusoidal waveform hai to Kam losses hote hai aur perfect sinusoidal waveform to form factor se multiply karake pa sakate hai Erms ÷Eavg =1.11 So that 10 ×1.11 = 11kv So on....
Basically, form factor defines the characteristics of the wave ,the form factor of a sinusoidal waveform is 1.1.And we know that the alternating current has sinusoidal nature.So it is in the factor of 1.1.😊
11 kv 220 kv is applied usually because of Voltage regulation in distribution transformers.We can use capacitors for this purpose but tap changers are more preferred.Auto transformers are usually used if isolation is not required.
Form factor isn’t a correct answer , we are consider a 10% losses in transmission line and hence we use 11Kv ,22kv and multiple of 11. Generally we are using 110% instead of 100% so that we can consider losses as well.
@@vaishnavi_Hooli bro we are consider net effective voltage after the total losses which occurred in transmission line. I give you an example for better understanding suppose we have 2 way of transmission then 1- 110KV and after losses 100KV ,in this case we have 100KV is useful voltage level and it will give you an easy calculation because there are so many chances for complex calculations but by this way it becomes easy. 2-in the second way 90KV is the effective voltage level and it makes complex calculations.
@@AkashSharma-ch1fb bro, you need to read before say this in confidence... At home we are getting 220 V ... If that 20V is to compensate the transmission then we should be getting 200V at home... Just check your house voltage supply with multimeter.
@@HiQuantumSKY bro in our house Voltage level never be 220V practically, it is always showing a differ value as you can check it. It could be 200V to 240V, it changes every sec and totally depends upon your area load as your area load is not constant and hence your voltage level never be constant at distribution point as your area load becomes high then voltage level becomes low and it’s vice-versa happens. Even in summer time voltage level becomes very low in some areas especially in villages where we use a different way to improve our voltage levels ( never show 220V) and that’s why each apparatus has an operation range of voltage level which is mentioned on its manual and if your voltage level becomes high or low to that limit your apparatus can be damaged.
Not form factor . actually we consider voltage loss. we give input voltage 10% extra because the middle transmission line the voltage will be loss , this impact we seen output. So that's way input voltage we give 10% Extra . Example . 10 kv on 10% that is one finally 11kv. 3o kv 10% 3 30+3 =33kv.
Actually the losses are nearly 10% and the voltage range should be around 100kv or 10 kv in the receiving side. So when the losses are considered there is 10% deducted from the main voltage and the original voltage within the range.
10% drop is considered before generation. If load requirement is 10kv then generation to meet load demand is 11kv . Same wisely for 20kv load generation is( 20kv+10%of 20kv) is 22 kV have to be generate. Form factor nahi bhai..
The form factor of a sine wave is the ratio of its RMS (root mean square) value to its peak value. For a perfect sine wave, the form factor is equal to the square root of 2, or approximately 1.41 In practice, real sine waves
The coreect answer hai iska 11kv ,33kv ...jo v ye hota h ye form factor se nhi depend krta h 11kv ,33kv ya jo v 11 ke multiple hota h Wo 10 % extra lete kyo ki transmission ,aur distribution me voltage drop hota usi ko full fill krne ke liye 10% extra lete h kisi v voltage pe
Voltage we measure at home is the RMS value, which is DC equivalent of AC. But production is measured in avg value which is round about multiple of hundred. RMS is calculated by multiplying 1.1 (form factor of sine wave) to avg value. So we are producing like 30KV but we are measuring its RMS value which will become 33 Kv after multiplying by 1.1
If we say that it is because of form factor of sine wave then it is not incorrect for example 10k *1.11= 11.1kv okay but for 60k*1.11=66.6kv error generation companies tend to generate round figures like 10kv 20kv 60kv 120kv etc but voltage is transmitted over large distance which cause losses and they took 10% almost all losses that occur so generation companies add 10% more in their actual values so 132kv= 120kv+12kv(10% of 120kv)
The main reason is that, generally 10% voltage drop occurs on the transmission line maximum. Actual drop is less than 10%. If we take multiples of 11. Then the drop will be very less and the voltage we will be getting on the other side of the line (recieving end) will be approximately equal to the sending end (source). Example: 11 KV line. -> 10% dop = 1KV. Voltage at the recieving end = 11-1 = 10 KV. So less occurs.
Right answer : During transmission there is drop of voltage which is near about 10% of the supply voltage . So in order to compensate that drop we generally send 11kv , 22kv ,33kv and so on . There is no role of any form factor in this .
There is nothing about from factor nor with 10% voltage drop, it is just a standard that we use these voltages in transmission line and the question is actually wrong, there are 400,765,1200kv line also.
It is a valid question. The reason lies in the economy of power transmission at a fixed frequency ,50Hz in case of India and the nearest voltage level is chosen and then standard insulators are used for stringing the conductors. By the way, 110 V doesn't exist in India and technically any voltage below 100 kV is not transmission level voltage. 33 kV and 66 kV are sub transmission voltages in India.
Wrong Answer , it's not related to form factor in anyway. In initial days when electrical transmission system was being developed the system was not very efficient and there used to be a considerable amount of voltage drop from sending end to receiving end. Therefore it was preferred to send 10% higher voltage from sending end so that rated voltage should reach the receiving end even after the line voltage drop.
400 KV, 765 KV HV lines are there. How the 10 percent theory or form factor apply here....explain... railways use 25 kv.....for right answer see the video in TH-cam by GK Agarwal, professor in EE
Because of economical purpose and set industrial standards..for minimum losses we stepup voltages.. in short transmission we use 11kv/66kv so we need equipment, insulations etc as per 66kv rating to handle transmissions.. But if we decrease voltage below 66 kv the conductor cost is increased and also losses increased.. In long time this is not economical.. If we increase voltages above 66 kv.. The cost of equipments also increased..so we need most economical parameters. For transmission of power..
Actually answer - because transmission line me losses hote h... So unko dhyan me rakhte hue hm log 10% extra voltage send krte h.... Like 10 ki jugha 11 120 ki jugha 132 🙌🙌
Lekin transmission line me to ferranti effect aata hai jiske karan recieving point pe kuchh jyda hi voltage recieve karte hai. Jisko shunt reactor ka istemal karke kam karte hai.
The reason electrical transmission voltages are typically in multiples of 11 (like 11kV, 22kV, 33kV, 66kV, etc.) is largely based on historical practices, system design optimizations, and safety margins. Below are the main explanations: 1. Voltage Drop and Form Factors In AC systems, there is a concept called the form factor, which is the ratio of the RMS (Root Mean Square) value to the average value of a sinusoidal wave. For a perfectly sinusoidal AC waveform, the form factor is about 1.11. To minimize voltage drop and maintain efficiency during transmission, engineers add about 10-11% to the rated voltage, making it a multiple of 11. Example: If a system is designed for 10kV, engineers round it to 11kV to account for voltage regulation. 2. Losses and Efficiency in Transmission Transmission lines are prone to energy losses (due to resistance, inductance, etc.). Multiplying the base voltage by approximately 11 ensures better voltage regulation and helps maintain voltage levels over long distances, increasing the reliability of the system. 3. Insulation and Safety Margins The design of electrical equipment (like transformers and switchgear) requires a small safety margin to prevent insulation breakdown. A slightly higher voltage rating (like 11kV instead of 10kV) helps accommodate such design margins and unexpected voltage spikes. 4. Standardization and Compatibility Once the practice of using multiples of 11 was adopted, it became an industry standard across many countries to ensure uniformity in the design of equipment, transformers, and transmission systems. This avoids mismatches between manufacturers and systems. 5. Engineering Simplicity Historically, sticking to multiples of 11 allowed electrical companies to simplify calculations, equipment ratings, and regulatory practices. Even though modern technology offers flexibility, the practice remains. Conclusion While not strictly necessary today due to advancements in insulation and grid control technologies, the tradition of using multiples of 11kV has persisted because it simplifies design, ensures compatibility, and provides reliability.
Actually the answer is, jab hum transmission line mai energy transmit karte hai toh approximately 10% ka transmission loss hota hai💨 So hum 10% increase karke dete hai [(10kv + 10% of 10Kv ) = (10Kv+1kv) = 11kv] taki recieving end par hume 10 Kv hi mile after 10% loss during transmission Thankyou guys
Bro this dude is rt form factor is the only rsn why the ac voltage always a multiple of 11 like 220v 440v etc the form factor of ac is 1.1 and if the voltage is not a multiple of 11 then they can't become sin wave which is also known as sinusoidal wave
Its because of losses in transmission so added extra 10% for normal voltage If you want to transfer 100kV then add extra 10% means it becomes 110kV Same way 33kv, 66kv, 220kv so on...
it is due to the power losses in the transmission lines . So we send 10% extra of the receiving end voltage. To counter the losses. For example for receiving 10kV we send 11kV.
In Japan, many regions use a standard household voltage of 100V AC, and they still utilize pure sinusoidal waveforms. The lower voltage has no impact on the wave shape - only the amplitude of the waveform is lower compared to 110V or 220V systems used in other parts of the world.
Simply 10% Voltage drop is acceptable that's why we use 11kv, 220kv etc, so that if in case voltage drops due to losses then that Voltage drop is from that extra 10%.
No relation of form factor it is universal taking 10% voltage drop in line so we require 60kv in output for that taken 10%extra of losses that is 60×110%=66kv
In transmission line we consider 10% loss suppose we have to transfer 100 kV than we have to transfer 100+10%(100)= 110kV i.e we have to transfer 10% extra..
The Basic Idea behind a desired transmission voltage was still the form factor. In ancient times when we needed to use 10 kV at destination, simply multiplied the form factor to it Say 1.11X10=1.11 =11KV aprox.(we had taken 10% losses as standard thumb rule) similarly for 30 & 60 KV
Wrong answer. Correct answer for this Question is that, transmission can't be ideal there will be some voltage drop so we assume this voltage drop to be 1.1 . By this way if we use 11kv at sending end, the maximum voltage achieved at recieved end can 10 kv. This is why we use the transmission voltage level in the multiple of 11.
This form factor has nothing to do with transmission system. and that "Sinusoidal wave nehi ban payega" is completely in correct. We dont take these wave characteristics i.e. Form Factor, THD, Harmonic factors in consuderation while working on T & D lines. It's just to compensate the Voltage drop in between the Sending / Receiving ends. We want to generate 11~22kV in Alrernators because we already take 1-2kV as the drop across the line because of Currents at kA level. That's why the single insulation discs are also made to withstand 11kV each. These are used in Transmission line poles. and Transmission & Distribution of power seems to be the same but these are quite different and very crucial..TBH, Distribution systems are more complex.
My search reveals another story that is much more convincing. When Edison planned his first commercial enterprise for selling electricity in Manhattan, New York for his incandescent lamps, he made lamps for 100 V DC and the generator rated voltage was selected as 100 V as a round number. . But when the project was commissioned, there were complaints of poor light at the far end of the street due to voltage drop. Edison had already made thousands of lamps and he could not change it to suit for say,90V. So he increased Generator voltage to 110V DC so that faraway users could get reasonable brightness from the lamp. Then came innovation of 220 V generator so that using three wires, a larger area could be served with +110V and -110V DC. When AC supply was introduced by Tesla & others , the DC standard was continued. The reason for doubling of the distribution voltages was to use auto-transformers as inter connecting transformers that gave substantial cost savings in transformers.
Because we produce electricity through Transformer and generators, in those The alternater the magnitudenal winding is in 120° So we have to multiple √3 😌....
Sir transmissions voltage is not in volt it's in kilo volts like and not 11kv it's distribution voltage not transmission network, transmission voltage will be like ,132kv, 220kv, 400kv, 750kv these are values of
W can not define by this term of form factor by this form factor after 132kv it's diffination brakes so we can define by this term we alway take 10% extera of sending voltage like 120+10%extera of 120kv so we find 132kv.
The answer of this question is not that simple I think this answer is so much common that it is already accepted by many people the interviewer just checking his confidence of answering
We add 10% drop with transmission like 10 kv plus 10% is 11kv to consider 10% losses of transmission which is most economical voltages but 400kv and 765 kv excite that are not in 1.1 form factor
ye jruri nhi hota hai ki hmesa 11 ka multiple hi ho other bhi hota hai ye question bs ek rumer hai...25kv bhi hota hai jo ki 11 ka multiple nhi hota hai
Actual ye 11,33,44 power loss ki vajese hota he 100 ki jarurat he or 100 bheja jaye To vo 90 hojaega pahochte pahochte Islie extra 100 ki jagaj 110 bheja jata hai As an civil engineer itta muje bhi pata hai 😅😅😅😅💙
Voltage loss percentage is approximately 9.10(110-110×9.10/100=100), Edison first observed this while he was experimenting bulb test, the bulb couldn't go turned on because of the Voltage loss in the circuit.
According to my concept it is not always form factor or losses, whenever we construct transmission line it is mandatory to consider the Techno Economical factor....Suppose if someday someone transmit 150v or say some unusal voltage than we have to also remember down the line all equipments are not ready to absorb it....But it all depends upon Techno Economical factor.
That is partially right 👍 but that's why we have Transformers and many other security mechanisms placed inside pcb to handle the current required by the components.
This man is suffering from the last stage of depression.
😂😂😂😢
We should not make fun
Underated comment 😂😂😂
@@yogeshnegi1090absolutely we should not...But the thing which is causing u Depression and still u opt for that same thing without any solution for that...then it will be Utterly Nonsense thing done by u...which not only harms but also waste your time ....
@@kattarsolanky2985 lol I can just laugh on your comment. You'll not understand what an aspirant goes through such as humiliation, family problems, financial problems, failure, disrespect etc. During the journey of an upsc candidate he have to face too much just to achieve something.
For your knowledge:
A depressed human doesn't opt for upsc but the journy make him to become depressed. They sacrifice everything for this.
if anyone wondering the answer, its because drop across the transmission lines is considered to be 10%. So if the demand is 100v, 110v is sent.
correct!
Yes correct
But actually the question is wrong
No.... Not even that question is right
interviewer :- aapne Electrical Engineering liya tha
Candidate :- Yes Sir
Interviewer :- ab main aapki loonga 🤣🤣🤣
😂😂
😂
😂😂
🤣🤣🤣🤣
😂
actually, in comment section all the electrical engineer is spotted.
Hemant Chaudhary...aur tu kya hai?
@@abigt282 😀😀😀😀 enginner
@@hemantchaudhary8617 ....ok bhai 😀😀😀
Mee
😅
Form Factor is the ratio between the R.M.S (Root Mean Square) value and average value of electric quantity (Current or Voltage). For a sinewave, the form factor is 1.11.
Now, we know that 400kV and 800kV are not the multiple of 11. Also,
10kV x 1.11 = 11.1kV
20kV x 1.11 = 22.2kV
30kV x 1.11 = 33.3kV
60kV x 1.11 = 66.6kV
120kV x 1.11 = 133.2kV (But the transmitted voltage are 132kV.
The above calculation clearly shows that the results are different then the general values i.e. in case of 132kV, with the from factor multiplication, it is 133.2kV.
If it is not related to the form Factor, What is it then?
Now back to the point, the voltage at the receiving end are generally:
10kV
20kV
30kV
60kV
120kV and so on…
But we already know that there are some voltage drop due to the resistance of the transmission lines. For this reason, they transmit 10% extra voltage. For example:
Sending Voltage = 10kV x 10% = 11kV. While the receiving end voltage are 10kV due to voltage drop. More examples are given in below table.
10kV*10%=11kV
20kV*10%=22kV
30kV*10%=33kV
60kV*10%=66kV
120kV*10%=132kV
A lot of thanks for information
Thank You 👏🏻👏🏻
The ans was very wrong...transmission line voltages are not always multiple of 11...there are transmission lines which are of 400 KV 765 kv 800 kV ....which has nothing to do with form factor...initially power transfer was considered with 10 percent loss ...means if we supply 11 Kv and 10% loss is considered so atleast 10KV can be transferred
@@JainBhawna26 Seems like a joke to me,
Your comment is like a kid is writing anything on youtube comment section,
First read the whole answer I have never said it is always in multiple of 11 & have mentioned those 400 and 800 kV transmission line voltages in my answer
The matter of fact is these kid just don't want to read big answer and just want to criticise in everything
@@themihirmathurofficial actually it was not a reply to ur comment...I havn't read ur comment...by mistake I have replied on YOUR comment section...It was my reply to the video that ans was wrong.
हिंदी साहित्य का प्रोफेसर है ये
इंजीनियर डॉक्टर वैज्ञानिक वकील सबको लपेट लेता है 🤧
abe lode engineer hi bekar hai agar qaisar hafiz sir ya ankit goyal sir hote toh wo esko hi ghuma dete
Mera maut hai yeh
😂😂
Ek baar to chess me bhi lapeta tha 😂
aapka naam hai, Vijender Singh Chauhan.
Aap UPSC mein kyun aana chahte h ?
Ans - Sinosidal waves banana h sir 😂
😂😂
😂😂😂😂This Comment Made Me So Hard Laugh Bruh I Don’t Have Job Right Now Rent Daine Ke Paise Nhi Hae 2Ya3 Din Mei Road Pe Aa Jaunga Zindgi Ki Lgi Pdi Hae But This Makes Me Laugh
@@studyislobe1129 Bhai why don't you have any job? U r looking quite helpless.
@@AOPSADIQ Yes I Am Just Going Through Some Serious Phase Of My Life
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
I like the part when the candidate is very active and energetic af
Sarcastic 😂
that student is like he has given up on life, he doesn't care even if someone kills him right now
Exactly.. His face reaction is showing it
L comment. Viva mein aisa hona normal hai
True 😂😂
😂😂
I am in same situation
Kheir... Apne Electrical Engineering liya tha...
"Galti se le liya tha Sir... Maaf kr do Sir... Dobara nahi lunga Sir..."
😂😂😂👌
😂😂🤣😎
same here🤣
+1
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
No wrong ❌
He is not an Electrical Engineer.
To make sure we receive 10kV at the receiving end we send 10% extra so 11kV is transmitted.
Similarly for 6kV transmit 6.6 kv
for 400kV transmit 440kV etc.
This 10% extra is because the transmission lines have impedance and here there is a voltage drop across the impedance therefore the voltage at the receiving end will be lessened.
No question of form factor.
absolutely true Voltage Regulation is the factor on basis of which sending end voltages are assigned
then why we transmit 500kv bo 550kv 😮
His answer may be wrong but the way he formed a quick answer correlating form factor with Transmission line voltages with his knowldege and thinking actually shows that he is an electrical engineer.
What about 132kv
@rockstar1720003 What about Ferranti effect.
See the energy of this candidate throughout the interview 😅
Because we send 10% extra everytime. Hence 110% = 1.1 ratio.
Right
Right,👍
Yea u r right
This is correct reason...
(The video reasoning is baseless (
Transmission loss ki wajah se we take 10% extra
This types of questions can only be understood by electrical engineers😅😅
form factor se 220v 440v ka kya lena dena hai bhai sab .. voltage of transmission line can be anything like 400kv in EHV ,25k in railway transmission . Shuruwat se Engineer aisa blueprint taiyar kiya hai jo chalte aa rha hai usi hisab se hmari electric appliances bhi rating ki hui hai ...but yu can change magnitude of transmission line as per required
anpad ho
👍🏻🙏🏻
It can be of course but it mostly isn't that's the question.
@@anandsuralkar2947 that's because its in practice but it has no technical aspects to it .
@@3412rt it is because of the receiving end voltage..it should be generally in multiple of 10 and drop is generally consider with 10 percent tolerance
Since we generate electricity generally 10kv and we assume maximum 10% losses possible transmission so that we send 10% extra power that's why it's become multiple of 11
Ferranti effect crying in corner
Wrong answer , higher voltage ⚡ in transmission line lower the current and lower then current means lower the losses , 11kv is universal standard just , and multiple of 11s multiple of insulation
hr jagah 100 Percent m voltage hota hai kyuki jb voltage ko Wire se send kiya jata kuch amount lose ho jata isly 10 percent extra diya jata jisse receiver tk 100 percent recive ho paye mana jata hai ki sending voltage m 10 percent voltage lose ho jata hai
Ha wohi but sab dosh hi form factor ka ho jata hai😄
Form factor reason nai h kyu ki 400 kv,700kv ,1200kv ye to 1.1 ka multiple nai h
when he said you did electrical engineering his confidence was gone for a long walk...:0
For step up - boost converter
For step down - buck converter
how are they related to this
Buck-boost converter : mere toh alag hi maze
Jo aajtak khud UPSC clear nahi kar paaya wo interview le Raha hai. Waah bhai waah
Kya aap jante h inke baare me ki ye upsc crack kiye h ya nhi?
@@BelieveYourself24567 Aur UPSC crack karne ke baad aajkal TH-cam par videos banata hain.
When an alternator generates voltage, we always use a multiple of 1.11 because for a pure sine wave the FORM FACTOR is the ratio of rms value of voltage or current with the avg.
Yes this must be correct answer
I think, we want 400 voltage at output so we supply 1.1% more at input i.e 440. Same for 200 V we give 220v.
Maybe i am wrong.
The voltage generated is a phase voltage but 11kv , 33kv and all are line to line voltage.
So there is no link of form factor.
@@omkartiwari3351you are correct no relationship with form factor infact we even transmitt 400 kv ,1200 kv they are not multiple of 1.1
Please apni degree lauta do
This man knows everything yaarr 😀
Bhai yeh log question iske aane se pehele ready kar lete hai... remember, the board has your details even before you walk in that door
But har field ka knowledge deeply hona badi baat he....
@@bababundela6030 app job karte ho kya?...
@@depression_plusplus6120 jii
@@bababundela6030 badiya bhai...me here too...ajj hi job mili mujhe, as a factory worker in my nearby factory 🤩🤩...my first ever job after my BTech from NIT
Wrong answer
In India there is 5-10% of tolerence is allowed in transmission voltage
So generation companies have generate voltage (in no of) of 200, 60 ,110
So if u take 60v it's 10% = 6
Then generated voltage is 60+6= 66kv
If u take 100 it's 10% = 10
Then generated voltage is 100+10 = 110kv
10 % power loss consider kiya jata hai isliye voltage 11 k multiple me hote h . Agar humko 100 volt transmit krna h to 100 volt hi bhejne se loss k wjh se wo 90 v ho jayega isliye 110 volt bhejne se receiving pr 100 volt milega
le me:- gareeb log hai sir, job dedo itna kahee puchh rahe ho 😆
Bhai mock interview h only real nhi
Is mamle main to tereko vhi ek job milna cahiye 😂
*MOST ENERGETIC CANDIDATE OF UPSC EVER IN HISTORY*
He answered absolutely right ⚡
I thought he would have been asked next what form factor is.. 😄
is it used in meal or bath ! 🙄
Great sir .u deserve ias❣️🙏
The answer he gives is wrong
Kuch bi😂😂😂
Man: aap electrical liye ho
Interviewe: nhi usne meri le li 1.1 ke ratio me😂😂😂😂
I need such kind of confidence in my life , giving wrong answer with such a ease 👏👏
what's right?
it was started as to transmit 10% extra for losses right?
200+10%=220
Nope he is absolutely correct. Form factor is 1.11. If this form factor is not maintained, electrical transmission won't be in the form of a sinusoidal wave and almost all electrical appliances now work with sinusoidal input.
Yes 😂😂😂
@@shreyonkumar2870 nah then according to you 400kv and 765 kv lines will have dc waves 😂😂
@@gundamgo887 bhai dc me kbse wave bnne lage?
He is the best nd well confidential man compared to all of us ...i reapect u bro 💯
अतः...??
Yes! 🙃
I think he is nervous
I square r losses
He don't deserve to be an ias officer😒
@@kingsofkings1 GUESS YOU CAN DO IT BETTER
@@shubhamdandge4024 😂🤣
there is no reason of form factor or waveform of sine wave in this question the reason is that While sending end voltage needs to be higher than receiving end voltage (it's generally kept 10% higher) the sending end voltage say 10kv than 10kv+10% = 11kvof sending end voltage is kept so that if due to any reasons if there is some losses or percent of voltage loss at recieving end 3xact same amount of voltage can be obtained that is 10kv
I'm proud of electrical engineer ❤️
❤ me hu
Job mila kya?
@@indianrawkd702Job mila nhi mila koi fark nai padta lekin Electrical Engineer banne pr vo bahot kuchh sikh chuka hota hai...itna ki vo apni life me kabhi unsuccess nahi rahega... Powerful Degree #Respect
@@Er.keshav_IIT.Bombay. ok mene pu6a because I am in first semester
@@indianrawkd702😂😂😂
Wow! These questions speak loads about the huge experience these interviewers have. All the questions are asked from practical scenario from their own work fields. Especially DMRC GM is not question from any specific point. Great video!
This is why just being a good engineer is not enough, communication skills are the most important if you want to be even an average person in society
Pehli baar inn sir ko answer mil gya.warna candidate ko puchhte hi rehte hain
Koi answer nhi mila glt answer h🙏
Agar Sinusoidal waveform hai to Kam losses hote hai aur perfect sinusoidal waveform to form factor se multiply karake pa sakate hai
Erms ÷Eavg =1.11
So that 10 ×1.11 = 11kv
So on....
Bro, 765 V or 240 V or 415 V is not multiple of 1.11
Ye IAS se current supply bhi karwayenge kya 😀😀😀
Bro actually he has taken EE as optional . So they are asking such questions
@@rohantandon9210 optional nehi wo ee me b tech kara he
@@manjitpanda3069 ok
Basically, form factor defines the characteristics of the wave ,the form factor of a sinusoidal waveform is 1.1.And we know that the alternating current has sinusoidal nature.So it is in the factor of 1.1.😊
Transmission line 110volt 220volt nahi hoti sirji 110kv 220 kV hoti hai
😅😅😅😅 right bro
Bhai konsa transmission 110kV ka hota bhai ??
Tumhara book made of chaina ka hai kya
@@sanjoymondal1658 to phir kitne ka hota hai
11 kv 220 kv is applied usually because of Voltage regulation in distribution transformers.We can use capacitors for this purpose but tap changers are more preferred.Auto transformers are usually used if isolation is not required.
Form factor isn’t a correct answer , we are consider a 10% losses in transmission line and hence we use 11Kv ,22kv and multiple of 11. Generally we are using 110% instead of 100% so that we can consider losses as well.
bro but we can even transmit 100kv ...ie generated 90kv and 10%losses
For correct answer, see this video by Prof. GK Agarwal sir....th-cam.com/video/GAezgKO3vdI/w-d-xo.html
@@vaishnavi_Hooli bro we are consider net effective voltage after the total losses which occurred in transmission line. I give you an example for better understanding suppose we have 2 way of transmission then
1- 110KV and after losses 100KV ,in this case we have 100KV is useful voltage level and it will give you an easy calculation because there are so many chances for complex calculations but by this way it becomes easy.
2-in the second way 90KV is the effective voltage level and it makes complex calculations.
@@AkashSharma-ch1fb bro, you need to read before say this in confidence... At home we are getting 220 V ... If that 20V is to compensate the transmission then we should be getting 200V at home... Just check your house voltage supply with multimeter.
@@HiQuantumSKY bro in our house Voltage level never be 220V practically, it is always showing a differ value as you can check it. It could be 200V to 240V, it changes every sec and totally depends upon your area load as your area load is not constant and hence your voltage level never be constant at distribution point as your area load becomes high then voltage level becomes low and it’s vice-versa happens.
Even in summer time voltage level becomes very low in some areas especially in villages where we use a different way to improve our voltage levels ( never show 220V) and that’s why each apparatus has an operation range of voltage level which is mentioned on its manual and if your voltage level becomes high or low to that limit your apparatus can be damaged.
Not form factor . actually we consider voltage loss. we give input voltage 10% extra because the middle transmission line the voltage will be loss , this impact we seen output. So that's way input voltage we give 10% Extra .
Example . 10 kv on 10% that is one finally 11kv.
3o kv 10% 3
30+3 =33kv.
I believe the interviewer didn't understand a single word
Actually the losses are nearly 10% and the voltage range should be around 100kv or 10 kv in the receiving side. So when the losses are considered there is 10% deducted from the main voltage and the original voltage within the range.
10% drop is considered before generation. If load requirement is 10kv then generation to meet load demand is 11kv . Same wisely for 20kv load generation is( 20kv+10%of 20kv) is 22 kV have to be generate. Form factor nahi bhai..
Absolutely right
correct answer
The form factor of a sine wave is the ratio of its RMS (root mean square) value to its peak value. For a perfect sine wave, the form factor is equal to the square root of 2, or approximately 1.41 In practice, real sine waves
Me working in a power plant transmitting power at 400KV 😂😂
Op
Ehv
The coreect answer hai iska
11kv ,33kv ...jo v ye hota h ye form factor se nhi depend krta h
11kv ,33kv ya jo v 11 ke multiple hota h
Wo 10 % extra lete kyo ki transmission ,aur distribution me voltage drop hota usi ko full fill krne ke liye 10% extra lete h kisi v voltage pe
That bnda :- s###**** wave nhi bn payega sir
Interviewer :- chll 🥸
😂
Voltage we measure at home is the RMS value, which is DC equivalent of AC. But production is measured in avg value which is round about multiple of hundred.
RMS is calculated by multiplying 1.1 (form factor of sine wave) to avg value.
So we are producing like 30KV but we are measuring its RMS value which will become 33 Kv after multiplying by 1.1
Confidently gave the wrong answer 😂
Like a politician rather than IAS. 😂
If we say that it is because of form factor of sine wave then it is not incorrect for example 10k *1.11= 11.1kv okay but for 60k*1.11=66.6kv error generation companies tend to generate round figures like 10kv 20kv 60kv 120kv etc but voltage is transmitted over large distance which cause losses and they took 10% almost all losses that occur so generation companies add 10% more in their actual values so 132kv= 120kv+12kv(10% of 120kv)
Literally that was something conceptual which even not thought by me as a science student😱
The main reason is that, generally 10% voltage drop occurs on the transmission line maximum. Actual drop is less than 10%. If we take multiples of 11. Then the drop will be very less and the voltage we will be getting on the other side of the line (recieving end) will be approximately equal to the sending end (source).
Example: 11 KV line. -> 10% dop = 1KV. Voltage at the recieving end = 11-1 = 10 KV. So less occurs.
10% voltage drop hi kyun hota h?
Right answer : During transmission there is drop of voltage which is near about 10% of the supply voltage . So in order to compensate that drop we generally send 11kv , 22kv ,33kv and so on .
There is no role of any form factor in this .
I think we generate at 11kv by generator in power station
@@Ask-li9ok ?
There is nothing about from factor nor with 10% voltage drop, it is just a standard that we use these voltages in transmission line and the question is actually wrong, there are 400,765,1200kv line also.
It is a valid question. The reason lies in the economy of power transmission at a fixed frequency ,50Hz in case of India and the nearest voltage level is chosen and then standard insulators are used for stringing the conductors. By the way, 110 V doesn't exist in India and technically any voltage below 100 kV is not transmission level voltage. 33 kV and 66 kV are sub transmission voltages in India.
Wrong Answer , it's not related to form factor in anyway.
In initial days when electrical transmission system was being developed the system was not very efficient and there used to be a considerable amount of voltage drop from sending end to receiving end. Therefore it was preferred to send 10% higher voltage from sending end so that rated voltage should reach the receiving end even after the line voltage drop.
10% loss in transmission that's why 110V is used so that 100V is obtained
Exactly ✊️
110 ka 10% loss = (110-11)= 99..actually i am not engineer..so i want to know how,its for learning process.
It's approximate not exactly 10%
Mere ghar 220V aata hai... To loss kidhar hai... 200 hi ana chaiye na... Kuch bhi bolte hai...
400 KV, 765 KV HV lines are there. How the 10 percent theory or form factor apply here....explain... railways use 25 kv.....for right answer see the video in TH-cam by GK Agarwal, professor in EE
Sending end voltage =10*10% =11kv
At any scenario voltage drop should be less than equal to 10 %
Thats y voltage step up
11,33, 66,132,220 kv
the answer is very wrong .... it's mainly because of losses ..that's why we supply extra voltage to manage that voltage factor
Buy why that so..eg 11, 33, 66 why not 10, 32,43,60
Because of economical purpose and set industrial standards..for minimum losses we stepup voltages.. in short transmission we use 11kv/66kv so we need equipment, insulations etc as per 66kv rating to handle transmissions.. But if we decrease voltage below 66 kv the conductor cost is increased and also losses increased.. In long time this is not economical.. If we increase voltages above 66 kv.. The cost of equipments also increased..so we need most economical parameters. For transmission of power..
Actually answer - because transmission line me losses hote h... So unko dhyan me rakhte hue hm log 10% extra voltage send krte h....
Like 10 ki jugha 11
120 ki jugha 132 🙌🙌
Ankit Goyal ❤️
Lekin transmission line me to ferranti effect aata hai jiske karan recieving point pe kuchh jyda hi voltage recieve karte hai. Jisko shunt reactor ka istemal karke kam karte hai.
The reason electrical transmission voltages are typically in multiples of 11 (like 11kV, 22kV, 33kV, 66kV, etc.) is largely based on historical practices, system design optimizations, and safety margins. Below are the main explanations:
1. Voltage Drop and Form Factors
In AC systems, there is a concept called the form factor, which is the ratio of the RMS (Root Mean Square) value to the average value of a sinusoidal wave. For a perfectly sinusoidal AC waveform, the form factor is about 1.11. To minimize voltage drop and maintain efficiency during transmission, engineers add about 10-11% to the rated voltage, making it a multiple of 11.
Example: If a system is designed for 10kV, engineers round it to 11kV to account for voltage regulation.
2. Losses and Efficiency in Transmission
Transmission lines are prone to energy losses (due to resistance, inductance, etc.). Multiplying the base voltage by approximately 11 ensures better voltage regulation and helps maintain voltage levels over long distances, increasing the reliability of the system.
3. Insulation and Safety Margins
The design of electrical equipment (like transformers and switchgear) requires a small safety margin to prevent insulation breakdown. A slightly higher voltage rating (like 11kV instead of 10kV) helps accommodate such design margins and unexpected voltage spikes.
4. Standardization and Compatibility
Once the practice of using multiples of 11 was adopted, it became an industry standard across many countries to ensure uniformity in the design of equipment, transformers, and transmission systems. This avoids mismatches between manufacturers and systems.
5. Engineering Simplicity
Historically, sticking to multiples of 11 allowed electrical companies to simplify calculations, equipment ratings, and regulatory practices. Even though modern technology offers flexibility, the practice remains.
Conclusion
While not strictly necessary today due to advancements in insulation and grid control technologies, the tradition of using multiples of 11kV has persisted because it simplifies design, ensures compatibility, and provides reliability.
Actually the answer is, jab hum transmission line mai energy transmit karte hai toh approximately 10% ka transmission loss hota hai💨 So hum 10% increase karke dete hai [(10kv + 10% of 10Kv ) = (10Kv+1kv) = 11kv] taki recieving end par hume 10 Kv hi mile after 10% loss during transmission
Thankyou guys
Bro this dude is rt form factor is the only rsn why the ac voltage always a multiple of 11 like 220v 440v etc the form factor of ac is 1.1 and if the voltage is not a multiple of 11 then they can't become sin wave which is also known as sinusoidal wave
Interviewer: Aapne Electrical Engg ki hai...
Me: Best horror movie opening scene...
Its because of losses in transmission so added extra 10% for normal voltage
If you want to transfer 100kV then add extra 10% means it becomes 110kV
Same way 33kv, 66kv, 220kv so on...
Ye electric walle bohut khatarnak hotte hai bhai 🙏
it is due to the power losses in the transmission lines . So we send 10% extra of the receiving end voltage. To counter the losses. For example for receiving 10kV we send 11kV.
Power system ka question hai... 10/% resistance and corona effect ko add kar chalte hai 11kw hai matlb 10kw proper supply hai ..
right bro ye log bina intrest ke EC le lete h
Impedance bro... resistance is few percent of total impedance 👍
And unit kV aaega kW for active power 🙂
For correct answer, see this video by Prof. GK Agarwal sir....th-cam.com/video/GAezgKO3vdI/w-d-xo.html
In Japan, many regions use a standard household voltage of 100V AC, and they still utilize pure sinusoidal waveforms. The lower voltage has no impact on the wave shape - only the amplitude of the waveform is lower compared to 110V or 220V systems used in other parts of the world.
Simply 10% Voltage drop is acceptable that's why we use 11kv, 220kv etc, so that if in case voltage drops due to losses then that Voltage drop is from that extra 10%.
No relation of form factor it is universal taking 10% voltage drop in line so we require 60kv in output for that taken 10%extra of losses that is 60×110%=66kv
Bilkul sahi 👍👍👍
In transmission line we consider 10% loss
suppose we have to transfer 100 kV than we have to transfer 100+10%(100)= 110kV
i.e we have to transfer 10% extra..
Correct 👍
The Basic Idea behind a desired transmission voltage was still the form factor. In ancient times when we needed to use 10 kV at destination, simply multiplied the form factor to it Say 1.11X10=1.11 =11KV aprox.(we had taken 10% losses as standard thumb rule) similarly for 30 & 60 KV
Wrong answer. Correct answer for this Question is that, transmission can't be ideal there will be some voltage drop so we assume this voltage drop to be 1.1 . By this way if we use 11kv at sending end, the maximum voltage achieved at recieved end can 10 kv. This is why we use the transmission voltage level in the multiple of 11.
Which means 10% regulation is considered.
@@shreenathkamble5862 yes
This form factor has nothing to do with transmission system.
and that "Sinusoidal wave nehi ban payega" is completely in correct.
We dont take these wave characteristics i.e. Form Factor, THD, Harmonic factors in consuderation while working on T & D lines.
It's just to compensate the Voltage drop in between the Sending / Receiving ends.
We want to generate 11~22kV in Alrernators because we already take 1-2kV as the drop across the line because of Currents at kA level.
That's why the single insulation discs are also made to withstand 11kV each. These are used in Transmission line poles.
and Transmission & Distribution of power seems to be the same but these are quite different and very crucial..TBH, Distribution systems are more complex.
Perfect answer was given by ankit Goyal
Form factor 1 is idial ( pure sin graph) jaise jaise badega toh graph me change hoga means unwanted signal bnta h , aur hmesa 10% tolerance lete h
candidate is very smart and well trained of his core subjects. i am damn sure the interviewer couldn't understand his response.
My search reveals another story that is much more convincing. When Edison planned his first commercial enterprise for selling electricity in Manhattan, New York for his incandescent lamps, he made lamps for 100 V DC and the generator rated voltage was selected as 100 V as a round number. . But when the project was commissioned, there were complaints of poor light at the far end of the street due to voltage drop. Edison had already made thousands of lamps and he could not change it to suit for say,90V. So he increased Generator voltage to 110V DC so that faraway users could get reasonable brightness from the lamp. Then came innovation of 220 V generator so that using three wires, a larger area could be served with +110V and -110V DC. When AC supply was introduced by Tesla & others , the DC standard was continued. The reason for doubling of the distribution voltages was to use auto-transformers as inter connecting transformers that gave substantial cost savings in transformers.
110v 11kv isliye hota keyoki kuch volt resistance ke karan kuch volt ghat jata h yahi karan h 110 se 100 11kv se 10000
Toh 120 ya 130 kyu nii hota
Because we produce electricity through
Transformer and generators, in those
The alternater the magnitudenal winding is in 120°
So we have to multiple √3 😌....
Sir transmissions voltage is not in volt it's in kilo volts like and not 11kv it's distribution voltage not transmission network, transmission voltage will be like ,132kv, 220kv, 400kv, 750kv these are values of
But answer is correct due to form factor 1.11
W can not define by this term of form factor by this form factor after 132kv it's diffination brakes so we can define by this term we alway take 10% extera of sending voltage like 120+10%extera of 120kv so we find 132kv.
The answer of this question is not that simple I think this answer is so much common that it is already accepted by many people the interviewer just checking his confidence of answering
For compensating line loss 10percent extra voltage is transmiitted for every 100kv or 200kv
It has noting to do with form factor...
We add 10% drop with transmission like 10 kv plus 10% is 11kv to consider 10% losses of transmission which is most economical voltages but 400kv and 765 kv excite that are not in 1.1 form factor
ye jruri nhi hota hai ki hmesa 11 ka multiple hi ho other bhi hota hai ye question bs ek rumer hai...25kv bhi hota hai jo ki 11 ka multiple nhi hota hai
Sir that is not 25kv ever. its every time 11kv 33kv 66kv 132kv 220kv and 500 kv like this
Can you explain please or Share your knowledge with us?
25 kv used in Railway Traction
Sahi to bataya yar😂 bas samjha nhi paya casual way me😂
Actual ye 11,33,44 power loss ki vajese hota he
100 ki jarurat he or 100 bheja jaye
To vo 90 hojaega pahochte pahochte
Islie extra 100 ki jagaj 110 bheja jata hai
As an civil engineer itta muje bhi pata hai 😅😅😅😅💙
Bhai abhi kaha pe job kar rahe ho ?
@@starperson8815 gujrat se hu bhai next yr business chalu krna hai 😅😅😅
Construction 🏗️ me kuch
Voltage loss percentage is approximately 9.10(110-110×9.10/100=100), Edison first observed this while he was experimenting bulb test, the bulb couldn't go turned on because of the Voltage loss in the circuit.
Bhai losses hota hai current ka
1100
100 loss ho gye ka
Esa mana jata hai
According to my concept it is not always form factor or losses, whenever we construct transmission line it is mandatory to consider the Techno Economical factor....Suppose if someday someone transmit 150v or say some unusal voltage than we have to also remember down the line all equipments are not ready to absorb it....But it all depends upon Techno Economical factor.
That is partially right 👍 but that's why we have Transformers and many other security mechanisms placed inside pcb to handle the current required by the components.
Imterveiwer asking the questio like he itself is a electrical engineer
Mujhe is sir ka mech engi q must lagta hai IC engine vala q 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
😄