Well, I think full credit should be given to the inventor whoever is him/her. BackMacSci has just replicated his/her discovery. Also, my guess is we can charge capacitors with radiated energy without the need to increase the input if the capacitor plates are placed around (and without touching) plasma globe … as in Donald Lee Smith disclosure. A lot more energy is available outside the plasma globe than it is inside … but I can guess this type of experiments are focused exclusive for entertaining purpose as it is lately all public revelations from mainstream science.
If you want to understand the true principles of magnetism and how there is proof that it is a toroid with opposite spinning vortices then look into the research work of Ken wheeler Theoria apophasis youtube channel. Video is called proof of magnetic vortex. Uses a CRT (cathode ray television) to prove the magnetic Vortex...
@@AquarianSoulTimeTraveler I think Arie Melis deGeus may have a better explanation and is backed up by scientific formulas and theory, also deGeus have shown working devices examined by patent offices and independent labs. Honestly, Wheeler is just making up a lot of unnecessary terms/words to explain something which is quite simple.
@@Caesarus2011 honestly if we do a -1 on the division side Terrence Howard's system and the lynchpin completes kens work but ultimately i just want people to know magnetism is a toroid with opposite spinning vortices. I will say if we make zero truly zero and we follow what multiplication was supposed to be, which is a simplification of a addition chain 0×1=1 we have assigned value to zero... since multiplication was made to simplify chains of addition and something cannot be deleted or destroyed by nothing then its easy to understand 0×A=A under Terrence Howard's system. There is absolutely no reason why we can't have an additional multiplication table for volumetric calculation of like units... 1gallon×1gallon=2gallons. I totally agree with your sentiment about the fundamental mathematics and that's why I never claimed to get rid of our fundamental mathematical system like Terrance suggest we should and instead I suggest that everything can work together and progress in the field does not come from attacking scientists if you can't work together with the scientists and create your model to be in cooperation with everyone else then it's no surprise that the entire system goes against you like they did in this case against Terrence... cant blame them. Excluding 0 which is nothing in Terrence Howards system. volumetric multiplication of like units=(A×B)+1.... if we make the value of 0 truly nothing like it should be and acknowledge the fact that nothing cannot cancel out something and it requires a negative sum to cancel out a positive sum in volumetric calculation of like units then we don't have to exclude 0... because 0gallons×1gallons=1gallons and not 0 gallons. Nothing cannot cancel something... this is the baseline. The exact opposite goes for Division of like volumetric calculation=(A÷B)-1 and therefore $1÷$1=0. Or 1gallon÷1gallon=0gallons just as multiplication is meant to simplify chains of addition division is made to simplify chains of subtraction.
You forgot to mention, the coil and the plasma toroid forms a transformer - just like in the Tokamak configuration invented during the 50's by Sovjet physicist Oleg Lavrentiev. Today ITER tries to accomplish D-T-Fusion with this configuration.
Crazy to see David Ricketts in a royal institute video. He was my professor for my radio systems class last semester. I know a few of the students that assisted the research for this exact experiment!
It isn’t due to the camera. They are called striations and are well known in low pressure plasmas… another video to explain those…but they are basically waves of plasma intensity, high, low, high.
Magnetic reconnection is a process where magnetic field lines break and reconnect, releasing energy. This can create localized “blobs” of energized plasma. Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities occur at the interface between two fluids with different velocities. These instabilities create vortices, waves, and “blobs” as the toroid’s rotation generates shear forces. The “blobs” can be thought of as clumps of energy being expressed within the plasma toroid. As the toroid rotates, various physical processes, such as Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, magnetic reconnection, plasma turbulence, and nonlinear effects contribute to the formation of these dynamic structures. These interactions result in localized regions of energized plasma, creating the intriguing “blobs.” Energy generation. Small scale fusion reactor, without requiring Nuclear isotopes.
@@mrhassell I'm not sure how many people will actually read your comment but boy am I glad I did!! Very well explained and written out - thank you for your time explaining it!
Aesthetically as an interior decoration the ghostly doughnut is much cooler than the overused plasma globe I reckon. For all its original coolness we are so used to that frenetic standby look it's like a lava lamp.. gimme that jiving thicc blue smoke ring any day.😂
@@nonlinearplasma no but he's the first one to document how to create it. older text and the original youtuber who uploaded it never explained how to make it entirely. Also also I was mentioning who the speaker was referring to not the original creator of the device.
@@jacobe2995 that's fair but we should be recognise the original inventory. Just because he may not be using English as his first language is no excuse for giving him the credit he deserves to someone else. That is Ri mistake and it should be corrected.
@@nonlinearplasma well THIS video should do that but the guy I was referencing did mention where he got the idea from in one of his very first videos on the subject and even mentioned him again in a colab he did with Nate.
@@jacobe2995 yes they still speak regularly, I have spoke to Nate and said he should correct Ri, his response to me was the original inventory isn't to concerned. Plagiarism in Academia is usually not taken lightly and Ri should be quicker to fix their mistakes. Esp in this day and age where content creation drives followers which inevitably drives revenue. We want our best inventors to have the funds to create better products and in this case that is not Tate although he does deserve a lot of credit.
You can take this a step further and shape the charge on release to create a plasmoid. These self rotating balls of plasma seem to have amazingly peculiar effects, and have become a recent interest in applications for emissions controls, heating/cooling, and production of exotic carbon-based crystals for research.
@@peterdefrankrijker Ball lightning is a natural form of plasmoid, yes. And there is much evidence that natural plasmoids in our atmosphere are exascerbated or caused by ion precipitation through the magnetosphere of solar energy. Kind of like how lightning has 2 bodies: the bolts we see, and the 'sprites' 50 miles above the clouds.
Essentially the same process as what causes fluorescent light bulbs to work, except there's no toroid inside those. You're taking a high-voltage current and passing it through an inert gas, thus allowing the electrons to emit photons in their different stages of excitement. The toroid reminds me of the "futuristic" robots of the 1920s and 1930s!
A link in a pinned comment would be usual, very poor form for a Royal Insitution. Any good scientist would surely be aware of the need for proper recognition of the inspiration.
😮 I don't understand at the beginning. You transferred charge from the rod to the globe. ✅ But if you weren't continually adding charge after that, how did the "sort of lightning" inside the globe not disappear, especially when your hands touched the globe? I think you turned on the power to make the toroid float up, right? But before that why did the charge inside not dissipate? 🤔
I have exactly the same question. What is sustaining the glow? Is the magnetic field oscillating, perhaps? Why was a copper pipe used instead of a lot of thin wire?
@@statonra The coil is carrying a high frequency alternating current which magnetically couple to the plasma, acting like a transformer. Pipe is used because it;s rigid enough to support the globe, nothing more technical than that!
It is polite to give a link to the video that inspired you, preferably in a pinned comment. That way it is easier for people to find that youtube video and support that content creator and their other fascinating projects.
The power supply is the easy bit, the globe with a partial pressure of xenon is the expensive bit (a few hundred dollars) but if you are interested @BackMacSci (Tate) has a lot of info on his channel
What are the charged particles? Xenon ions? electrons? How does the current start? I mean, what causes the charges to start moving? They would need to be moving to feel a force due to the Mag field right??
This unique device reminds me of the "Vortex Theory" proposed by Maxwell and others during the 19th century. Is the following subatomic model a "Quantized" hyperdimensional version of "Vortex Theory"? Both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature. (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) If quarks have not been isolated and gluons have not been isolated, how do we know they are not parts of the same thing? The tentacles of an octopus and the body of an octopus are parts of the same creature. Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force.
String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: “We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr (lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958) The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with some aspects of the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”, and the work of Lisa Randall on the possibility of one extra spatial dimension, and the “belt trick” of Paul Dirac? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics? When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if Quark/Gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks where the tubes are entangled? (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry. Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Gluons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to with this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change. ===================== Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons? Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension? Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons . Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Could the production of multiple writhe cycles help explain the three generations of quarks and neutrinos? If the twist cycles increase, the writhe cycles would also have a tendency to increase. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. ( Mass=1/Length ) The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge. Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter? Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles? Does it take two full turns to get down the rabbit-hole (Alpha funnel)? I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. This topological Soliton model grew out of that simple idea...
I live in a town with many professional glass blowers, but none have experience trapping low pressure gas inside the volume. I've built the circuit but I can't get the globe done. Any tips I can forward to them on how to do this?
@@GustavoValdiviesso Search Zerg Labs' video on glassblowing plasma spheres. You'll probably need to contact a laboratory glassblowing company to get one made.
They make the globe with an outlet port thru which the globe is evacuated and then Xenon from a cylinder is bled in, perhaps a few cycles of this (evacuate/close pump valve/open Xenon valve) to get the lines cleared and purer Xenon. When the pressure seems right either by guage or having the discharge going, the glassblower seals the bulb with their torch. A high vacuum is not required so the vacuum pump will cost less than $200.
Wait it's said that it's different from a plasma globe... Is energy being supplied to the Xenon ball? Or is it just static magnetic field? If no energy is supplied wouldn't the plasma die out, losing the energy from thermal collisions and the charges/ions recombine? Static magnetic field does no work...
Probably won't respond but have you ever heard of someone seeing a perfect ball of plasma (sphere) accompanied by a perfect black/ dark sphere the same size, floating in a straight line maybe 50ft in the air 15-20ft apart and moving maybe at a fast walking pace? No sound
Was thinking the exact same - wonder if there are any components that are too expensive - like that hand blown orb (though you could get that mass produced)
I don't think I understand any step: - How does static electricity create streamers? The charge on the rod wasn't even transferred to the globe - How are the streamers sustained? Where's the energy from? Can you transfer even more energy inside? - How do the streamers connect into a toroid and not immediately dissipate? - Why don't instabilities (e.g. kink) kick in?
There are several on youtube, he mentions it at the beginning of the video. I agree there should be a link to the original youtube video that got him onto the subject; not really fair to them otherwise. but just search 'how I made my own plasma toroid' and you'll find the original video I think
I haven’t looked through the comments but it looks exactly like what I’ve seen being described by flat earthers but with the wobble of equinoxes of the globe. What happens when left to run and the power slowly dropping or a power surge? Very curious!
The problems with mass production: -The handmade glass globe under vacuum filled with a certain amount of xenon is expensive(currently probably upper triple digits) -Dont think a plastic globe would work for multiple reasons, I could wrong -Glass is easy to break -You need a good understanding of many things in order to get it to perform well. Parts may need adjusting, etc… -All that adds up to it being a complicated toy that will be very hard to get working for the average person. Imagine Karen calling in complaining they cant get theirs working for little Timmy and you have to explain all these concepts to her. Her brain will explode and she will want to know why she can’t just push a button for a toy that cost $1000 -At best these could be sold as hobbyist kits likely in the $1000 range, with absolutely now warranty or gurantee you will get it to work. It might be well over a $1000, shipping those globes aint easy or cheap. -Other unforeseen consequences.
No no no, doesn't need to be under vacuum, just displace the air after it is blown, and glass globes are mass produced. I plan on mass producing these. Should have them out in under a year
So cool, thanks. Helps to explain my theory of everything where GRAVITY IS PUSH, NOT PULL. That fixes everything including a first cause... it just is... i.e. there is no such thing as nothingness and somethingness requires its own space... it pushes back and can't be squeezed out of existence... also sets the speed of light. It fixes EVERYTHING.
![ทุกครั้งที่หลับตา (Lucid Dream) - AYLA's [ Official MV ]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/4i1OBAQyv58/mqdefault.jpg)
Thanks to all who have rightly said we should link back to the BackMacSci channel who inspired David - see his work here: www.youtube.com/@backmacsci
Well, I think full credit should be given to the inventor whoever is him/her. BackMacSci has just replicated his/her discovery.
Also, my guess is we can charge capacitors with radiated energy without the need to increase the input if the capacitor plates are placed around (and without touching) plasma globe … as in Donald Lee Smith disclosure.
A lot more energy is available outside the plasma globe than it is inside … but I can guess this type of experiments are focused exclusive for entertaining purpose as it is lately all public revelations from mainstream science.
If you want to understand the true principles of magnetism and how there is proof that it is a toroid with opposite spinning vortices then look into the research work of Ken wheeler Theoria apophasis youtube channel. Video is called proof of magnetic vortex. Uses a CRT (cathode ray television) to prove the magnetic Vortex...
@@AquarianSoulTimeTraveler I think Arie Melis deGeus may have a better explanation and is backed up by scientific formulas and theory, also deGeus have shown working devices examined by patent offices and independent labs. Honestly, Wheeler is just making up a lot of unnecessary terms/words to explain something which is quite simple.
@@Caesarus2011 honestly if we do a -1 on the division side Terrence Howard's system and the lynchpin completes kens work but ultimately i just want people to know magnetism is a toroid with opposite spinning vortices. I will say if we make zero truly zero and we follow what multiplication was supposed to be, which is a simplification of a addition chain 0×1=1 we have assigned value to zero... since multiplication was made to simplify chains of addition and something cannot be deleted or destroyed by nothing then its easy to understand 0×A=A under Terrence Howard's system. There is absolutely no reason why we can't have an additional multiplication table for volumetric calculation of like units... 1gallon×1gallon=2gallons. I totally agree with your sentiment about the fundamental mathematics and that's why I never claimed to get rid of our fundamental mathematical system like Terrance suggest we should and instead I suggest that everything can work together and progress in the field does not come from attacking scientists if you can't work together with the scientists and create your model to be in cooperation with everyone else then it's no surprise that the entire system goes against you like they did in this case against Terrence... cant blame them. Excluding 0 which is nothing in Terrence Howards system. volumetric multiplication of like units=(A×B)+1.... if we make the value of 0 truly nothing like it should be and acknowledge the fact that nothing cannot cancel out something and it requires a negative sum to cancel out a positive sum in volumetric calculation of like units then we don't have to exclude 0... because 0gallons×1gallons=1gallons and not 0 gallons. Nothing cannot cancel something... this is the baseline.
The exact opposite goes for Division of like volumetric calculation=(A÷B)-1 and therefore $1÷$1=0. Or 1gallon÷1gallon=0gallons just as multiplication is meant to simplify chains of addition division is made to simplify chains of subtraction.
@@Caesarus2011 qu’elle énergie. a l’extérieur du globe ?
Elegant demonstration, very impressive.
yeah! the magician!
You forgot to mention, the coil and the plasma toroid forms a transformer - just like in the Tokamak configuration invented during the 50's by Sovjet physicist Oleg Lavrentiev. Today ITER tries to accomplish D-T-Fusion with this configuration.
I've been reading and watching videos about plasma toroids in space so, it's nice to see one demonstrated in the lab. Thanks.
WOW!
That was awesome, thank you for sharing.
I knew it would something cool to see but that is way more amazing than i expected
That is amazing. Thanks !
Crazy to see David Ricketts in a royal institute video. He was my professor for my radio systems class last semester.
I know a few of the students that assisted the research for this exact experiment!
3:46 Why does the streamer have those blobs? Is it the combination of AC and the rolling shutter of the camera?
Ooh that’s an interesting question
It isn’t due to the camera. They are called striations and are well known in low pressure plasmas… another video to explain those…but they are basically waves of plasma intensity, high, low, high.
@@davidricketts7975 Thanks! Is the video that explains these on this channel?
Magnetic reconnection is a process where magnetic field lines break and reconnect, releasing energy. This can create localized “blobs” of energized plasma. Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities occur at the interface between two fluids with different velocities. These instabilities create vortices, waves, and “blobs” as the toroid’s rotation generates shear forces. The “blobs” can be thought of as clumps of energy being expressed within the plasma toroid. As the toroid rotates, various physical processes, such as Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, magnetic reconnection, plasma turbulence, and nonlinear effects contribute to the formation of these dynamic structures. These interactions result in localized regions of energized plasma, creating the intriguing “blobs.” Energy generation. Small scale fusion reactor, without requiring Nuclear isotopes.
@@mrhassell I'm not sure how many people will actually read your comment but boy am I glad I did!! Very well explained and written out - thank you for your time explaining it!
Thought I had seen this before. In fact it was him, on this very channel. To everyone interested check out High-voltage physics - with David Ricketts.
I just got to see this demo in person at AAPT at the Harvard demo session!
Beautiful!
Aesthetically as an interior decoration the ghostly doughnut is much cooler than the overused plasma globe I reckon. For all its original coolness we are so used to that frenetic standby look it's like a lava lamp.. gimme that jiving thicc blue smoke ring any day.😂
Tate McAluney for those wondering.
Not the original inventor
@@nonlinearplasma no but he's the first one to document how to create it. older text and the original youtuber who uploaded it never explained how to make it entirely. Also also I was mentioning who the speaker was referring to not the original creator of the device.
@@jacobe2995 that's fair but we should be recognise the original inventory. Just because he may not be using English as his first language is no excuse for giving him the credit he deserves to someone else. That is Ri mistake and it should be corrected.
@@nonlinearplasma well THIS video should do that but the guy I was referencing did mention where he got the idea from in one of his very first videos on the subject and even mentioned him again in a colab he did with Nate.
@@jacobe2995 yes they still speak regularly, I have spoke to Nate and said he should correct Ri, his response to me was the original inventory isn't to concerned.
Plagiarism in Academia is usually not taken lightly and Ri should be quicker to fix their mistakes. Esp in this day and age where content creation drives followers which inevitably drives revenue. We want our best inventors to have the funds to create better products and in this case that is not Tate although he does deserve a lot of credit.
How do you see that thumbnail and not click? Amazing stuff.
It's Amazing Thanks For Sharing 👍😎👍
You can take this a step further and shape the charge on release to create a plasmoid. These self rotating balls of plasma seem to have amazingly peculiar effects, and have become a recent interest in applications for emissions controls, heating/cooling, and production of exotic carbon-based crystals for research.
Are those related to the mysterious ball lightnings?
@@peterdefrankrijker Ball lightning is a natural form of plasmoid, yes. And there is much evidence that natural plasmoids in our atmosphere are exascerbated or caused by ion precipitation through the magnetosphere of solar energy.
Kind of like how lightning has 2 bodies: the bolts we see, and the 'sprites' 50 miles above the clouds.
Can you downscale the device so we can use it to decorate our tree during Xmas?
No.
Why exactly does touching the outer surface of the ball change the direction of plasma streamer?
path of least resistance, air is an insulator our skin is not
@@keterclassentity6716 hmmm but that would mean current flows from the plasma > glass > our body?
I’m so glad he gave home credit. I was about to lose it if he didn’t mention Tate. Props
Essentially the same process as what causes fluorescent light bulbs to work, except there's no toroid inside those. You're taking a high-voltage current and passing it through an inert gas, thus allowing the electrons to emit photons in their different stages of excitement. The toroid reminds me of the "futuristic" robots of the 1920s and 1930s!
A bit more attention for the young inventor would be appropriate I think...
A link in a pinned comment would be usual, very poor form for a Royal Insitution. Any good scientist would surely be aware of the need for proper recognition of the inspiration.
The only reason why I begrudged this video a thumbs up.
I still haven't seen anyone in here mention his channel. BackMacSci. Ridiculous how little credit was given.
Thanks for this - now pinned!
Like a shout out and a link in the video description? What more?
That is totally fascinating. I am from P.N.G and I always dreamed to be a physicist to showcase something like this experiment❤
Yes!
😮 I don't understand at the beginning.
You transferred charge from the rod to the globe. ✅
But if you weren't continually adding charge after that, how did the "sort of lightning" inside the globe not disappear, especially when your hands touched the globe? I think you turned on the power to make the toroid float up, right? But before that why did the charge inside not dissipate? 🤔
I have exactly the same question. What is sustaining the glow? Is the magnetic field oscillating, perhaps? Why was a copper pipe used instead of a lot of thin wire?
@@statonra The coil is carrying a high frequency alternating current which magnetically couple to the plasma, acting like a transformer. Pipe is used because it;s rigid enough to support the globe, nothing more technical than that!
Science at its best* Nice show piece!
It is polite to give a link to the video that inspired you, preferably in a pinned comment. That way it is easier for people to find that youtube video and support that content creator and their other fascinating projects.
BackMacSci is his YT channel
Already done.
@@ross-carlson You mean "It has been done now". When these comments were made it had not been done.
Amazing! How much power required to run the electronics?
Wonderful demonstration! Thank you! I would love to get a schematic and parts list to build the power supply for it.
The power supply is the easy bit, the globe with a partial pressure of xenon is the expensive bit (a few hundred dollars) but if you are interested @BackMacSci (Tate) has a lot of info on his channel
@@steve1 Thank you!
Cool.
So (self sustained) fusion, when?
Right. Update video once energy neutral.
@@trottermalone379 Right..
Energy neutral when?
Well it's been a decade away for what, 40 years now? That said we really are getting very close so yeah, I'll say a decade.
@@ross-carlson yeah, in a decade, for sure.. yeah... XD
Was the xenon gas partially ionized by proximity of the charged wand? If so, why did it not recombine back to neutral again by collisions?
What are the charged particles? Xenon ions? electrons? How does the current start? I mean, what causes the charges to start moving? They would need to be moving to feel a force due to the Mag field right??
Any practical applications for this yet? Or just s curiosity yet?
Looks like the choke ring or the flip ring of a bowl-shaped magnetic field.
A la "The Primer Field" by David La Point.
This unique device reminds me of the "Vortex Theory" proposed by Maxwell and others during the 19th century. Is the following subatomic model a "Quantized" hyperdimensional version of "Vortex Theory"?
Both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature. (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.)
If quarks have not been isolated and gluons have not been isolated, how do we know they are not parts of the same thing? The tentacles of an octopus and the body of an octopus are parts of the same creature.
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force.
String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension
What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)
The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with some aspects of the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”, and the work of Lisa Randall on the possibility of one extra spatial dimension, and the “belt trick” of Paul Dirac? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if Quark/Gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks where the tubes are entangled? (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.
Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Gluons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to with this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.
Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change.
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Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Could the production of multiple writhe cycles help explain the three generations of quarks and neutrinos? If the twist cycles increase, the writhe cycles would also have a tendency to increase.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. ( Mass=1/Length )
The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge.
Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms.
In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles? Does it take two full turns to get down the rabbit-hole (Alpha funnel)?
I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. This topological Soliton model grew out of that simple idea...
Fascinating, a way to crown !!
I need more info on this. So cool
What is the primary and secondary voltage ?
Ok! You are now 1% closer to re-creating a Haunebu reaction core 😊
After the discharge does the xenon degrade or denature? Or is the globe reusable after the demonstration?
I live in a town with many professional glass blowers, but none have experience trapping low pressure gas inside the volume. I've built the circuit but I can't get the globe done. Any tips I can forward to them on how to do this?
@@GustavoValdiviesso Search Zerg Labs' video on glassblowing plasma spheres. You'll probably need to contact a laboratory glassblowing company to get one made.
How did you build the mag field
They make the globe with an outlet port thru which the globe is evacuated and then Xenon from a cylinder is bled in, perhaps a few cycles of this (evacuate/close pump valve/open Xenon valve) to get the lines cleared and purer Xenon. When the pressure seems right either by guage or having the discharge going, the glassblower seals the bulb with their torch. A high vacuum is not required so the vacuum pump will cost less than $200.
I feel like toroids are so underrated and under utilized in energy generation.
wat
@@mrpicky1868 unexplored would’ve been a better word.
Wait it's said that it's different from a plasma globe... Is energy being supplied to the Xenon ball? Or is it just static magnetic field?
If no energy is supplied wouldn't the plasma die out, losing the energy from thermal collisions and the charges/ions recombine? Static magnetic field does no work...
Oscillating current in the coils.
interesting! so why's so difficulty to obtain energy from fusion ?
I NEED a ring made of that!
Looks like simple electronics, with no large power components. Wonder what frequency it runs at and what power? Is the design open source?
This is beautiful 🤩
Probably won't respond but have you ever heard of someone seeing a perfect ball of plasma (sphere) accompanied by a perfect black/ dark sphere the same size, floating in a straight line maybe 50ft in the air 15-20ft apart and moving maybe at a fast walking pace? No sound
This should be made available to buy... who wouldn't want one on the desktop?
Was thinking the exact same - wonder if there are any components that are too expensive - like that hand blown orb (though you could get that mass produced)
Well this was sweet
Is there a way for me to buy one already built?
I don't think I understand any step:
- How does static electricity create streamers? The charge on the rod wasn't even transferred to the globe
- How are the streamers sustained? Where's the energy from? Can you transfer even more energy inside?
- How do the streamers connect into a toroid and not immediately dissipate?
- Why don't instabilities (e.g. kink) kick in?
The real question is how can we recreate this? Can you make another video showing us the build process?
There are several on youtube, he mentions it at the beginning of the video. I agree there should be a link to the original youtube video that got him onto the subject; not really fair to them otherwise. but just search 'how I made my own plasma toroid' and you'll find the original video I think
@@kokiriforistima Thanks, but I want to know how this guy (David Ricketts) built his electronics, it's a nice build!
So does it stay that way forever or does the Xenon burn off?
Pretty cool 😎
Plasma:
A step towards FUSION POWER.
Can someone explain why the streamers look like thin strings of pearls but the toroid is solid and much thicker?
Good how it stables itself as the power is shut down. ▪️
Would Nitrogen work instead of Xenon...
Could you use this idea to create holographic displays?
Anyone else think something different when he said "recently I was on TH-cam"? I thought he meant a recent video he did.
I would love a giant one of these in the middle of a city
Physics is like magic, but real
ARE YOU SURE that you can’t mass produce these things before Christmas! 😮
The plasma inside is glowing. Therefore it is giving off energy. Where is it getting the energy from?
Wow, that would be a popular item if they manufactured them for sale. The Tesla fans would sure want to make that.
They do, just google it.
OK, but where do I get one?
I want one!!!!!
wondering how much gamme is being radiated
I haven’t looked through the comments but it looks exactly like what I’ve seen being described by flat earthers but with the wobble of equinoxes of the globe. What happens when left to run and the power slowly dropping or a power surge? Very curious!
Its a soliton, principle behind ball lightning
Who is this Tate guy I need one of these so bad
*Saw that other video a while ago seemingly…and now it’s in formal academia. Congratulations “tate”!*
Why Xenon gas, rather than any other?
I guess low dissociation/ionization energy of its electrons?
This is what they are trying to do with fusion reactors?
I love toroids! How to make a rainbow?
Can we get the schematics for the magnetic field generator? Also could I use different gasses like neon or something?
Exactly what led Mr. Tate to create his toroid? Did he know from past experience or training? Was it a eureka moment? A hunch? An unexpected result?
I saw this in the first Frankenstein movie or was that is only use?!?
thats really cool
0:26
@TheRoyalInstitution
Why wouldn’t you test hand mudras to do it.
looks like a 1up, if collected game over.
Why Xenon and not Neon?
SoOoo has anyone told the national ignition facility?
The problems with mass production:
-The handmade glass globe under vacuum filled with a certain amount of xenon is expensive(currently probably upper triple digits)
-Dont think a plastic globe would work for multiple reasons, I could wrong
-Glass is easy to break
-You need a good understanding of many things in order to get it to perform well. Parts may need adjusting, etc…
-All that adds up to it being a complicated toy that will be very hard to get working for the average person. Imagine Karen calling in complaining they cant get theirs working for little Timmy and you have to explain all these concepts to her. Her brain will explode and she will want to know why she can’t just push a button for a toy that cost $1000
-At best these could be sold as hobbyist kits likely in the $1000 range, with absolutely now warranty or gurantee you will get it to work. It might be well over a $1000, shipping those globes aint easy or cheap.
-Other unforeseen consequences.
No no no, doesn't need to be under vacuum, just displace the air after it is blown, and glass globes are mass produced. I plan on mass producing these. Should have them out in under a year
@@arikbuzb2670 Sorry for my misunderstanding. Good luck with your product! Will it be under $500?
Would this have applications in ufo tech?🛸👽
So cool, thanks. Helps to explain my theory of everything where GRAVITY IS PUSH, NOT PULL. That fixes everything including a first cause... it just is... i.e. there is no such thing as nothingness and somethingness requires its own space... it pushes back and can't be squeezed out of existence... also sets the speed of light. It fixes EVERYTHING.
Cool
Future of fusion reactors?
They always get this wrong, triboelectricity is not because of friction!
DON'T LET THE STREAMERS CROSS!
Could you use a plasma ball from the store and add the magnetic field to get the same effect
Toroidal fields mean regurgitation!
You're playing with the axis of evil ...Oo!!!
Nice, how in a real world sensation can this be useful, Fusion power plant !!!
Now that's a Forbidden Donut (Do Not) eat 😂
Thanks Tate ?
He pulled a Tony Stark!
The plasma toroid has a magnetic feild itself? How strong in relation to the input? So many questions. And , Witch 🧹 Witch he's a Witch!
Is the gas Xe?