I don't want to sound mean but Pavlov was actually really cruel to his dogs. This is the only experiment he is known for and one of the few that aren't horrrible. He would even do things such as repetitively flooding the dog's kennels, pushing them down the stair and at several points he was doing experiments that in some way severely hurt the dogs like cutting them so they can get a tube into the dog's stomach. TLDR: Pavlov wasn't a dog lover. Actually he maybe was a sadist and I'm angry that history has forgottn all of his sins.
“Thrashed him like a snare drum during a napalm death recording session” and just like that you have more of my respect. You had my respect for putting educational stuff on TH-cam in an entertaining way to begin but that death metal reference solidified it
Well that cleared up a few questions I had about Mr Pavlov I had had for a long time. Thank You Simon and Arnaldo for the article. This is what you get when mistranslations happen. Keep up the good work guys. And I'm still waiting on a Biographics on our man Simon.
1:05 - Chapter 1 - A boy's favourite uncle 6:15 - Chapter 2 - One of the karamazovs ? 9:20 - Mid roll ads 10:35 - Chapter 3 - A man's best friend , a dog worst enemy 14:00 - Chapter 4 - The experiment 18:20 - Chapter 5 - Drooling over food, spitting over the USSR 23:40 - Chapter 6 - Legacy
I'd really love to see a Biographics video about Richard Feynman! I love when the lives and works of scientits get shared with wider audiences, and Feynman's story is something I'm sure science-minded folks and others would enjoy.
I've been watching your videos for about 2 years and I've never been disappointed. When you mentioned Napalm Death, i dont think i could've smashed that like button any faster.
I absolutely love these videos! I’m a long haul trucker and it helps to pass the time when you chain them together lol. I do have a request. Could you perhaps do a video on John J. Pershing? He was one of 2-3 General of the Armies of the USA. I do believe Eisenhower and Washington were the other two.
Idea for similar biographic in the future, Stanley milgram, psychologist who pushed the boundaries of study skipping over ethical rules in order to gain knowledge, which has in turn furthered our grasp on human behaviour massively
Hey Simon, if you are ever looking for any Irish historical figures for St. Patrick's day then here's a few suggestions- Thomas Andrews(1873-1912) Dr James Barry or Margaret Bulkley(1789-1865) Lilian Bland (1878-1971) Brian Boru(941-1014) Robert Boyle(1627-1691) William Brown or Guillermo brown or Almirante Brown(1777-1857) Gay Byrne(1934-2019) Roger Casement(1864-1916) Thomas J. Clarke(1858-1916) Agnes Clerke(1842-1907) Michael Collins(1890-1922) Saint Columba or Colum Cille(521-597) James Connolly(1868-1916) Edward Despard(1751-1803) Anne Devlin(1780-1851) Margaretta or Margaret Eager(1863-1936) Mary Elmes(1908-2002) Robert Emmet(1778-1803) 'Silken' Thomas Fitzgerald(1513-1537) Betsy Gray(died 1798) Patrick Lafcadia Hearn or Koizumi Yakumo(1850-1904) Chaim Herzog(1918-1997) James Joyce(1882-1941) Sir Hugh Lane(1875-1915) James Larkin(1878-1947) C.S. Lewis(1898-1963) Juan or Kuhn Mackenna(1771-1814) Terence MacSwiny(1879-1920) Annette Elizabeth Mahon(1918-2013) Constance Markievicz(1868-1927) Bernadette Devlin McAliskey(1947-present) Annie Moore(1874-1924) Turlough O'Carolan(1670-1738) Daniel O'Connell(1775-1843) Hugh O'Flaherty(1897-1963) Gráinne Ní Mháilleor or Grace O'Malley(1530-1603) Hugh O'Neill(1550-1616) Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare(1561-1618) Peter O'Toole(1932-2013) Charles Stewart Parnell(1946-1891) Padraig or Patrick Pearse(1879-1916) Jeremiah O'Donavan Rossa (1831-1915) Mary Ryan(1873-1961) Bobby Sands(1954-1981) Ernest Shackleton(1874-1922) George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950) Francis Sheehy-Skeffington(1878-1916) Jonathan Swift(1667-1745) Theobald Wolf Tone(1763-1798) Eamon de Valera(1882-1975) Ernest Walton(1903-1995) Arthur Wellesley(1769-1852) William Butler Yeats(1865-1939) And for April Fools Day you should do a video on Nat Tate. Anyway great video, as always. Keep up the good work.
" Human happiness is somewhere between freedom and discipline" .(Ivan Pavlov). Until the end of his days, Pavlov remained a staunch supporter of peace, all his life he called for changing the science of exterminating people to the science of preserving people
Ikr I respect this dude yeah some of his methods were a bit out there but in the end none of the dogs were killed or in essence mistreated. Also this guys rants towards the government probably saved hundreds of people
@@justocean2197 he killed hundreds of dogs. The fistuals in their necks and stomachs made it so they were unable to actually digest any food. He literally starved hundreds of dogs to death. Most of the dogs weren’t even used for research, he literally just used them to sell their gastric juices. At one point he sold 3,000 bottle of it in a year.
@@canichawa2242 For the future of endocrinology to sink into oblivion for 100 years? Scientific activity is carried on without feelings! People ... eh people ...
0:51 I seem to be the *Only One who watches these videos WITH CAPTIONS ON,* due to the slight variations between what's intended to be IN the video and What Simon ACTUALLY says. This, I THINK, is the Best Place to play an estranged version of *"SIMON SAYS"* ......I guess(?). For instance, he tells the Dog's downers to *"Cover their Eyes"* when the Captions say to *"Covoer their EARS"*
Another winner, BioG. A question: your bio on Freud was wonderful, so would you consider doing a bio on his brilliant daughter Anna? Her book on child psychology is groundbreaking, and it helps even dealing with adults because so many people have an immature streak (so it seems). Also one of Freuds students Theodor Reik. The guy was a very gifted shrink, and his book changed my life, "Listening with the third ear". Reik tries to minutely detail the intuitive process of Empathy, Reiks most important skill for gaining insight into his patient's pathologies and formulating treatments. It's humanity's pivotal social skill, so you see the relevance. I bet you would love that BEAUTIFUL book! Also Milton Erickson and his creative, hypnotic use of language for getting past his patient's stubborn defense mechanisms: the man WAS A FREAKING GENIUS. Do any of these subjects appeal to you? Your channel is always a blast. Peace.
Hi guys, cheers from Bulgaria. I love your videos and would like to make a request for another biography here. In my country General Vladimir Vazov is very famous military genius from the first world war, know particularly with the battle of Doyran (or Doiran), and I would really love to hear another, independent view on his life and carrier.
After all those IVANs, I lived with a vivid fear throughout the video. The fear that THE TERRIBLE would resuscitate and his spell continue to disseminate TERROR. 😂 Simon, you should consider touring around schools. You have an innate charisma to inspire others. Please inspire our children too.
I don't understand such a fixation on the digestive system of dogs. Luckly my dog can't hear this, I have head phones on. PETA would go crazy. I know he was a pioneer in the sciences, too bad he and his family couldn't have left the USSR.
you should do a video on Nicholas Roerich. Truly one of the most fascinating mystics, painters, archeologists and adventurers that has ever roamed the earth.
The funny thing about the behaviorists is that they were the only psychologists on the right track at that time, even though they didn't have a complete picture of the workings of the mind.
Would have been more interesting to do that with gulag inmates instead of dogs. I bet plenty would have volunteered to take a break from starvation and being worked to death, even if they did have to get a 2nd and 3rd head sewn onto their necks, head kept alive without a body, etc.
I am trying to decide if I should just spend a few days powering through every single video, on every single channel, that Simon narrates. The reason I'm debating this, is because I swear I don't mean to stay up for long when I wake up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom... But more often than not I end up saying to saying to myself, "I'll just watch one!" Honestly I mean it every time! Yet practically each time I blink and I am 5 to 10 videos in, and it's an hour and a half later!!! Decsions! Decisions! 😉😂
Couldn't finish watching this. Sorry, I couldn't bring myself to click like button. My take-away from the part of the video I did watch is a hatred for Pavlov.
We've been watching you for a while now, as well as Geographics, and I (female *wink, wink* in regards to your Coco Chanel comment ;-)) just subscribes as well. Hubby did a while ago. You're a BRILLIANT Host and we love your whit and funniness and how you present every video!! Keep up the great work and cheers from Canada!
Only 3 comments so far get the napalm death joke and Simon I challenge you to sneak in a meta reference in every episode. “And the machine guns rang out like the double kick of a meshuggah”
.... 😳 uh ... hmmm I’ve never heard the term ,” drunk as a baboon at a bachelor party” and can only assume one was in attendance and in said condition at yours....
Ivan Pavlov: Nobel Prize winner and troller of the Communist Party. "Chronic Experiments" sounds like it could be a follow up album to one of Snoop Dogg's famous musical offerings. "Oh, when you call my name, I salivate like a Pavlov Dog."- Sir Michael Jagger.
Check out Brilliant: brilliant.org/Biographics/
Monday is MLK Jr. Day... Simon could enjoy doing a video of Martin Luther King Jr.
I have spent months researching into wedding speeches and discovered an awesome resource at Marlie Speaker Blueprint (check it out on google)
Did you have to add so many videos in this?
Best example of his dog theory , the fact that we think about dogs the moment we hear his name
We think about hungry dogs drooling.
Not me. I think of Pavlova Cake.
Nyum nyum nyum
As a future history teacher and a metalhead, that Napalm Death joke made my day.
you'll have the coolest job ever!
@@neoamaru I agree!
Johan Niklasson So...you teach the history of the future or the future of history?
I like to think he had the sudden urge to feed a dog every time he heard a bell ring
Pretty interesting theory 👍👏
His dogs hated him haha
I don't want to sound mean but Pavlov was actually really cruel to his dogs. This is the only experiment he is known for and one of the few that aren't horrrible. He would even do things such as repetitively flooding the dog's kennels, pushing them down the stair and at several points he was doing experiments that in some way severely hurt the dogs like cutting them so they can get a tube into the dog's stomach.
TLDR: Pavlov wasn't a dog lover. Actually he maybe was a sadist and I'm angry that history has forgottn all of his sins.
this is funnyyyy
“Don’t become a mere recorder of facts, but try to penetrate the mystery of their origin” Ivan Pavlov
I’m conditioned to click on Simon’s videos every time I see them.
Same. The salivating I'm a bit worried about though.
I merely admire Simon's hotness.
As are we all!
@@IR17171717 He has that effect!
hopefully you're not drooling too :P ROFL
My main takeaway from this video: everyone in Russia is named Ivan.
Makes things easier.
😂
right? I(v)an??
Ivan Ivanovic Ivanov.
@@HenriFaust woa...cool Bond Villain name bruh!
As someone who is studying psychology I love how you are explaining the unconditioned and conditined stimulus.
Pavlovian Conditioning got me here. Literally.
“Thrashed him like a snare drum during a napalm death recording session” and just like that you have more of my respect. You had my respect for putting educational stuff on TH-cam in an entertaining way to begin but that death metal reference solidified it
I searched Pavlov and got this. Well I guess I can’t be disappointed.
Well that cleared up a few questions I had about Mr Pavlov I had had for a long time. Thank You Simon and Arnaldo for the article. This is what you get when mistranslations happen. Keep up the good work guys. And I'm still waiting on a Biographics on our man Simon.
bet you pavlov though about feeding his dogs every time he heard a bell
Rachael you are brilliant!
1:05 - Chapter 1 - A boy's favourite uncle
6:15 - Chapter 2 - One of the karamazovs ?
9:20 - Mid roll ads
10:35 - Chapter 3 - A man's best friend , a dog worst enemy
14:00 - Chapter 4 - The experiment
18:20 - Chapter 5 - Drooling over food, spitting over the USSR
23:40 - Chapter 6 - Legacy
I'd really love to see a Biographics video about Richard Feynman! I love when the lives and works of scientits get shared with wider audiences, and Feynman's story is something I'm sure science-minded folks and others would enjoy.
Yes please, I would also like a video on him.
I've been watching your videos for about 2 years and I've never been disappointed. When you mentioned Napalm Death, i dont think i could've smashed that like button any faster.
Top tenz taught me that just because you talk about a subject, don't make you a expert. Lol love this channel.
Simon works his a** off. Everytime i click on here he has a new video posted. He's the G.O.A.T..
Wasn't that the Fallout Personality test?
Luckily my dog was born blind, so no eye covering needed. He also finds your voice quite soothing, so was very satisfied with the video.
People for Future Biographics Video:
Harold Lloyd
Orson Welles
George Melies
Patrice Lamubaba
Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle
Lon Chaney
Agreed.
Buster Keaton
Hell yes all of the above. You ROCK Hakim.
@@0mega.mechan1c. Thank You
Cant beleive he hasnt done Orson Welles yet!Grandfather of trolls
Next great scientist you need to cover: Erwin Schrödinger
Aku He both should and shouldn’t do that
Schrödingers cat is completely theoretical thing. More like philoshophical queston rather than actual experiment.
Simon name drops the grindcore band Napalm Death on a video, and now my life is complete.
I learnt about this guy in psychology.
23:35 Talk about a conditioned response. I heard that music and was expecting that pic of Pavlov to start puking everywhere like LA Beast.
I've always heard of the experiment but never about Pavlov himself, this was a great topic (as always)
His beard is truly amazing
The napalm death reference. 😎👍🏽
Whenever Biographics posts, I push play without comprehending why...It's the darnest thing!
I absolutely love these videos! I’m a long haul trucker and it helps to pass the time when you chain them together lol. I do have a request. Could you perhaps do a video on John J. Pershing? He was one of 2-3 General of the Armies of the USA. I do believe Eisenhower and Washington were the other two.
Idea for similar biographic in the future, Stanley milgram, psychologist who pushed the boundaries of study skipping over ethical rules in order to gain knowledge, which has in turn furthered our grasp on human behaviour massively
Take a shot every time you hear the name "Ivan" xD
*In Soviet Russia, you don't subscribe to Brilliant. Brilliant subscribes you.*
For the motherland!
Hey Simon, if you are ever looking for any Irish historical figures for St. Patrick's day then here's a few suggestions-
Thomas Andrews(1873-1912)
Dr James Barry or Margaret Bulkley(1789-1865)
Lilian Bland (1878-1971)
Brian Boru(941-1014)
Robert Boyle(1627-1691)
William Brown or Guillermo brown or Almirante Brown(1777-1857)
Gay Byrne(1934-2019)
Roger Casement(1864-1916)
Thomas J. Clarke(1858-1916)
Agnes Clerke(1842-1907)
Michael Collins(1890-1922)
Saint Columba or Colum Cille(521-597)
James Connolly(1868-1916)
Edward Despard(1751-1803)
Anne Devlin(1780-1851)
Margaretta or Margaret Eager(1863-1936)
Mary Elmes(1908-2002)
Robert Emmet(1778-1803)
'Silken' Thomas Fitzgerald(1513-1537)
Betsy Gray(died 1798)
Patrick Lafcadia Hearn or Koizumi Yakumo(1850-1904)
Chaim Herzog(1918-1997)
James Joyce(1882-1941)
Sir Hugh Lane(1875-1915)
James Larkin(1878-1947)
C.S. Lewis(1898-1963)
Juan or Kuhn Mackenna(1771-1814)
Terence MacSwiny(1879-1920)
Annette Elizabeth Mahon(1918-2013)
Constance Markievicz(1868-1927)
Bernadette Devlin McAliskey(1947-present)
Annie Moore(1874-1924)
Turlough O'Carolan(1670-1738)
Daniel O'Connell(1775-1843)
Hugh O'Flaherty(1897-1963)
Gráinne Ní Mháilleor or Grace O'Malley(1530-1603)
Hugh O'Neill(1550-1616)
Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare(1561-1618)
Peter O'Toole(1932-2013)
Charles Stewart Parnell(1946-1891)
Padraig or Patrick Pearse(1879-1916)
Jeremiah O'Donavan Rossa (1831-1915)
Mary Ryan(1873-1961)
Bobby Sands(1954-1981)
Ernest Shackleton(1874-1922)
George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950)
Francis Sheehy-Skeffington(1878-1916)
Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)
Theobald Wolf Tone(1763-1798)
Eamon de Valera(1882-1975)
Ernest Walton(1903-1995)
Arthur Wellesley(1769-1852)
William Butler Yeats(1865-1939)
And for April Fools Day you should do a video on Nat Tate.
Anyway great video, as always. Keep up the good work.
Wow I didn't know CS Lewis was Irish although joyce is one of my favourites!
Thank you for the good dogoo warning, my dog usually sits in a chair beside me when i watch your biographic videos
" Human happiness is somewhere between freedom and discipline" .(Ivan Pavlov). Until the end of his days, Pavlov remained a staunch supporter of peace, all his life he called for changing the science of exterminating people to the science of preserving people
Ikr I respect this dude yeah some of his methods were a bit out there but in the end none of the dogs were killed or in essence mistreated. Also this guys rants towards the government probably saved hundreds of people
@@justocean2197 he killed hundreds of dogs. The fistuals in their necks and stomachs made it so they were unable to actually digest any food. He literally starved hundreds of dogs to death. Most of the dogs weren’t even used for research, he literally just used them to sell their gastric juices. At one point he sold 3,000 bottle of it in a year.
It’s okay Brian Griffin beat him to death
I remember that episode. Lmao
I wish I had a time machine....I would feed him to those dogs
@@canichawa2242 For the future of endocrinology to sink into oblivion for 100 years? Scientific activity is carried on without feelings! People ... eh people ...
Did he just reference Napalm Death? Subbed!!!
Mad props for the Napalm Death reference. Respect level +1!
Brilliant writing, brilliant presenting.
Was NOT expecting a Napalm Death joke. Hell yes
Brilliant ! I'm "conditioned" to the intro. Music of Biographics, 🤓
That Napalm Death reference 👌
The family guy cutaway about him got me here
Do a biographic on Karl Dönitz!
Love the Napalm Death reference
simon: if you have any canine friends, this is where you might want to cover their eyes
my dog: blind
A good time to learn, and really bad time to be eating.
Hello from the future... you're going to have plenty of time for reading and eating very soon.....
So a group of dudes gettin drunk and meetin up wit another group of dudes who are just as equally as drunk and duke it out
Nice.
0:51 I seem to be the *Only One who watches these videos WITH CAPTIONS ON,* due to the slight variations between what's intended to be IN the video and What Simon ACTUALLY says. This, I THINK, is the Best Place to play an estranged version of *"SIMON SAYS"* ......I guess(?). For instance, he tells the Dog's downers to *"Cover their Eyes"* when the Captions say to *"Covoer their EARS"*
Another winner, BioG. A question: your bio on Freud was wonderful, so would you consider doing a bio on his brilliant daughter Anna? Her book on child psychology is groundbreaking, and it helps even dealing with adults because so many people have an immature streak (so it seems). Also one of Freuds students Theodor Reik. The guy was a very gifted shrink, and his book changed my life, "Listening with the third ear". Reik tries to minutely detail the intuitive process of Empathy, Reiks most important skill for gaining insight into his patient's pathologies and formulating treatments. It's humanity's pivotal social skill, so you see the relevance. I bet you would love that BEAUTIFUL book! Also Milton Erickson and his creative, hypnotic use of language for getting past his patient's stubborn defense mechanisms: the man WAS A FREAKING GENIUS. Do any of these subjects appeal to you? Your channel is always a blast. Peace.
Bios on other important people of psychology? Carl Jung, Phillipe Pinel, Benjamin Rush please! Love ya Biographics
Hi guys, cheers from Bulgaria. I love your videos and would like to make a request for another biography here. In my country General Vladimir Vazov is very famous military genius from the first world war, know particularly with the battle of Doyran (or Doiran), and I would really love to hear another, independent view on his life and carrier.
My dog is trained to cover his own eyes
I'm making mine watch it, a clockwork Orange style.
The great Ivan Pavlov - Conditioning Theory teach us all till today🙂Thanks Simon👍🏻
He was a monster wtf
Ivan pavlov was a terrible person who i hope has earned a special place in hell.
Not the first time we've heard a metal reference in Simon's videos. Recall "raining blood from a lacerated sky." You're alright, SW.
Aaron Luckett And Megadeth in the Area 51 Geographics
After all those IVANs, I lived with a vivid fear throughout the video. The fear that THE TERRIBLE would resuscitate and his spell continue to disseminate TERROR. 😂
Simon, you should consider touring around schools. You have an innate charisma to inspire others. Please inspire our children too.
Wasn’t expecting a Nepalm Death reference. Nice.
Thank you ,
One sick puppy !
Damn you, Pavlov!
I don't understand such a fixation on the digestive system of dogs. Luckly my dog can't hear this, I have head phones on. PETA would go crazy. I know he was a pioneer in the sciences, too bad he and his family couldn't have left the USSR.
I'm conditioned to check out a new Biographics video when I get the notification icon :)
There is even a Korn song called 'Killing' that includes line : "I run to them like Pavlov's dogs"
A Terry Jones bio next would be nice tbh
Okay....i just had an all out lauging fit at the Bonny Tyler reference. :P
Jack London! Please!!!!!
Like a snare drum from a Napalm Death record.
Jeez that's brutal😂😂😂
you should do a video on Nicholas Roerich. Truly one of the most fascinating mystics, painters, archeologists and adventurers that has ever roamed the earth.
@3:17 Haaaa a Napalm Death reference. Nice:)
" ... smashed him like a snare drum at a Napalm Death recording session .." DED!! :) :)
The funny thing about the behaviorists is that they were the only psychologists on the right track at that time, even though they didn't have a complete picture of the workings of the mind.
take a shot every time somebody is also named ivan
Can you make a video on Claus von Stauffenburg
Valkyrie is a great movie
great thanks very much from peru.
“Moving very swiftly on” lol
I am a simple man. I see a Pavlov video. I drool.
He wrote directly to Stalin and survived. He really was that much of an ace in the sleeve of the USSR
Already going to click like but with that solid napalm death reference I wish I could give a bonus like 👍
I already knew about his nightmarish experiments. Not a pleasant memory.
I would like to see follow up video on Skinner and his reinforcement schedules derived from Pavlov. Poor bunny, lol.
The closed captioning added no cake for him!!! when it said kuibyshev put his foot down
very underrated review
Timing 100. Just started learning bout this in biology class
I dislike to not be as conditioned as the many, I love your videos.
Ha ha, Napalm Death reference. Awesome bro \M/
How about George Formby
Could you do a video on the white death please
Brilliant transition to BRILLIANT; and I swear that's not a conditioned response. 😁
DEPENDS on how you look at it. It's a cognitive response to stimuli within the brain activating.
Would have been more interesting to do that with gulag inmates instead of dogs. I bet plenty would have volunteered to take a break from starvation and being worked to death, even if they did have to get a 2nd and 3rd head sewn onto their necks, head kept alive without a body, etc.
Honestly. It bothers me that back in those times, it was normal to subject innocent dogs as opposed to actual human criminals
It wasn't easy to find "actual human criminals" in gulag.
I am trying to decide if I should just spend a few days powering through every single video, on every single channel, that Simon narrates. The reason I'm debating this, is because I swear I don't mean to stay up for long when I wake up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom... But more often than not I end up saying to saying to myself, "I'll just watch one!" Honestly I mean it every time! Yet practically each time I blink and I am 5 to 10 videos in, and it's an hour and a half later!!!
Decsions! Decisions! 😉😂
I like bright lights!
Homer J.
Couldn't finish watching this. Sorry, I couldn't bring myself to click like button. My take-away from the part of the video I did watch is a hatred for Pavlov.
We've been watching you for a while now, as well as Geographics, and I (female *wink, wink* in regards to your Coco Chanel comment ;-)) just subscribes as well. Hubby did a while ago. You're a BRILLIANT Host and we love your whit and funniness and how you present every video!! Keep up the great work and cheers from Canada!
Do a video on gahdafi please if you’ve not already done one
He already has.
Only 3 comments so far get the napalm death joke and Simon I challenge you to sneak in a meta reference in every episode. “And the machine guns rang out like the double kick of a meshuggah”
Guys please can you do a mafia series. You hit on it will al Capone. But the history of all of them would be so fantastic.
I need you to cover Janis Joplin please!!!
.... 😳 uh ... hmmm I’ve never heard the term ,” drunk as a baboon at a bachelor party” and can only assume one was in attendance and in said condition at yours....
Ivan Pavlov: Nobel Prize winner and troller of the Communist Party.
"Chronic Experiments" sounds like it could be a follow up album to one of Snoop Dogg's famous musical offerings.
"Oh, when you call my name, I salivate like a Pavlov Dog."- Sir Michael Jagger.
Can you do a biographic on Pytor Stolypin
Shout out for the Napalm Death reference!
Also sponsored by Pavlov's Peptic Tonic