Phần 1, Sutta 20 Kinh Thay Chốt-An Trú Tầm Vitakkasanthāna The Removal of Distracting Thoughts

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Vitakkasanthāna sutta 20. The Removal of Distracting Thoughts - Kinh An Trú Tầm
1. THUS HAVE I HEARD.238 On one occasion the Blessed One was living at Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Park. There he addressed the bhikkhus thus: “Bhikkhus.” - “Venerable sir,” [119] they replied. The Blessed One said this:
2. “Bhikkhus, when a bhikkhu is pursuing the higher mind, from time to time he should give attention to five signs.239 What are the five?
3. (i) “Here, bhikkhus, when a bhikkhu is giving attention to some sign, and owing to that sign there arise in him evil unwholesome thoughts connected with desire, with hate, and with delusion, then he should give attention to some other sign connected with what is wholesome.240
When he gives attention to some other sign connected with what is wholesome, then any evil unwholesome thoughts connected with desire, with hate, and with delusion are abandoned in him and subside (diminish, weaken, alleviate). With the abandoning of them his mind becomes steadied internally, quieted, brought to singleness, and concentrated.
Just as a skilled carpenter or his apprentice (trainee, leaner) might knock out, remove, and extract (withdraw, remove) a coarse peg by means of a fine one, so too…
when a bhikkhu gives attention to some other sign connected with what is wholesome… his mind becomes steadied internally, quieted, brought to singleness, and concentrated.
4. (ii) “If, while he is giving attention to some other sign connected with what is wholesome, there still arise in him evil unwholesome thoughts connected with desire, with hate, and with delusion, then he should examine (consider) the danger in those thoughts thus: ‘These thoughts are unwholesome, they are reprehensible (blameworthy), they result in suffering.’241
When he examines the danger in those thoughts, then any evil unwholesome thoughts connected with desire, with hate, and with delusion are abandoned in him and subside. With the abandoning of them his mind becomes steadied internally, quieted, brought to singleness, and concentrated.
Just as a man or a woman, young, youthful, and fond of ornaments, would be horrified, humiliated (to make (someone) feel very ashamed or foolish), and disgusted if the carcass (corpse) of a snake or a dog or a human being [120] were hung around his or her neck, so too… when a bhikkhu examines the danger in those thoughts… his mind becomes steadied internally, quieted, brought to singleness, and concentrated.
It means that when greed, anger, ignorance, etc. control one, one will be criticized by everyone. If one is not afraid of people criticizing one, then one must try to study the Dharma, understand the Dharma, and practice the Dharma right here in the present life.
5. (iii) “If, while he is examining the danger in those thoughts, there still arise in him evil unwholesome thoughts connected with desire, with hate, and with delusion, then he should try to forget those thoughts and should not give attention to them. When he tries to forget those thoughts and does not give attention to them, then any evil unwholesome thoughts connected with desire, with hate, and with delusion are abandoned in him and subside.
With the abandoning of them his mind becomes steadied internally, quieted, brought to singleness, and concentrated. Just as a man with good eyes who did not want to see forms that had come within range of sight would either shut his eyes or look away, so too… when a bhikkhu tries to forget those thoughts and does not give attention to them… his mind becomes steadied internally, quieted, brought to singleness, and concentrated.
6. (iv) “If, while he is trying to forget those thoughts and is not giving attention to them, there still arise in him evil unwholesome thoughts connected with desire, with hate, and with delusion, then he should give attention to stilling the thought-formation of those thoughts.242
When he gives attention to stilling the thought-formation of those thoughts, then any evil unwholesome thoughts connected with desire, with hate, and with delusion are abandoned in him and subside. With the abandoning of them his mind becomes steadied internally, quieted, brought to singleness, and concentrated.