Some Animals Are More Equal than Others: Keystone Species and Trophic Cascades
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 พ.ค. 2016
- The short film opens with two questions: “So what determines how many species live in a given place? Or how many individuals of the species can live somewhere?”
The research that provided answers to these questions was set in motion by key experiments by ecologists Robert Paine and James Estes. Robert Paine’s starfish exclusion experiments on the coast of Washington state showed that removing starfish from this marine ecosystem has a big impact on the population sizes of other species, establishing the starfish as a keystone species. James Estes and colleague John Palmisano discovered that the kelp forest ecosystems of the North Pacific are regulated by the presence or absence of sea otters, which feed on sea urchins that consume kelp. These direct and indirect effects of sea otters on other species describe a trophic cascade. These early studies were the inspiration for hundreds of investigations on other keystone species and trophic cascades, as well as ongoing studies into the regulation of population sizes and species numbers. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
anyone else looking through the comments procrastinating your work?
me
yes
And all you write is
THE
I have video questions on this bruv
Yup
this homework at home is not the move anymore
Rip rona
at least this video is short, my teacher usually assigns two hour videos
True that
😂😂I feel
WORD
Me: *looking at starfish* are you a keystone specie?
Starfish: no this is Patrick
LOL SPONGEBOB
@Tofu Kingpin you literately predicted the future of youtube comments/memes considering this is a 2 year old comment
By using the
Me:
someone else:
format
i spent 20 minutes reading the comments and forgot to watch the video
3:37 green world hypothesis (def.)
13:40 trophic cascades (def.)
thanks smmm
what a god. thanks sm
what a g
@@bigj5296 ikr
thx
Watch at 1.75 or 2x speed. It's gonna help you a lot if you're doing this for school ;)
He looked so proud of him self when he said "I changed the nature of the system"
😂sooo truee
💀💀💀Your not wrong 💀
My favorite part!
no one asked
Lol I had the same thought
Who here for online school?
im in person... this is a flex
me and its 2023
Bro this virus and staying home is getting to my head
Wait so one man killed an entire ecosystem right?
Yes 🥺🙏
Ye the tide pool kinda got rekt by mussels.
on the bright side, his subsequent results gave us knowledge about the topic so we know what to avoid now
No, he did it in a single rock, and didn't kill it, only changed it.
Sean and these Biointeractive pieces are amongst the best quality anywhere. So well done.
Thanks man, loved you in 300. :)
ecologist Robert Paine has passed away on June 13, 2016. This is around seven weeks after this video was posted. Rest in peace, star thrower 😔
As a former student of Dr. Estes’ wife, I was very familiar of their orca research (although in 2001 the phrase “trophic cascade” was not used).
It makes me feel despair that so many people have lost or never had a connection to Nature. While this video has lots of facts that are “dry” relative to the experience of being in Nature. The research does provide clues on how to reverse losses of endangered species.
With All honestly, I am glad to be watching these videos, as they are quite informal, I enjoy watching them repeatedly, & I somehow do not grow bored of any of the videos! They work well as video assignments, as long as the right questions are asked!
Great to hear!
POV: you don't want to be here
Shhhhh, keep it down, they'll find out
the people who created this wondering why the views are going up dramatically:
I wish all my ecology lessons were this interesting. Why can't they be??
school, anyone?
yup..
yup
Leopold described the trophic cascade in his essay "Thinking Like a Mountain" before any of this work was done. What is impressive, is how well Paine and Este's work empirically validates Leopold's anecdotal description.
who would watch this in there free time i'm only here from school :(
School is bad....
its actually really interesting
and some people are interested in things like this
but yes I am here from school
@@kirancox6123 u sound smart what is a community
i thought it was really cool
@@ll-uj5yx all populations in a specific area
Am I the only one who hates to watch these when you have hw but loves to watch it on my own time
youre not alone
Biology students here cuz of coronavirus lmao.
"All animals are equal but some are more equal than others"
The title reminded me of the quote from Animal Farm.
I love hhmi biointeractive, I wish I had them on TV when I was growing up. I was fortunate to have Eyewitness (shows and books). Happy to have these videos now!
The answers to some questions
Green World Hypothesis: The world is green because predators keep herbivores in check.
Keystone Species: a animal that were removed from a ecosystem would effect on the ecosystem as a whole
Trophic Cascades: Trophic cascade is when you have an apex predator controlling the distribution of resources, and they lead to these cascades of indirect effects lots and lots of indirect effects
Hypothesis and Experimentation: Killer whales eat otters. a place called Clam Lagoon. It provided us a site that orcas could not get to. We had no problem catching about 30 animals in two or three Days. And the fact that that little population did not decline when everything else did the orcas
Tysm! These were the exact questions I had lol
i love you
thank you! 🥹
Thank youuuu
Everybody gangsta til the starfish wiggles up on your girl
And eats her
@@lukasverduzco864 ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Just play frisbee with it an make its entire eco system go extinct.
What a lad. Does all the labor work himself. Truely passionate scientist.
I'm gonna take a notebook to some forrest and start chucking squirrels and call it an experiment.
i've tried this, they bite and get upset
i forgot that it was homework, mindblowing as hell. ecology and nature just too beautiful to handle
Wonderful - clear and easy to understand for my 5th grade students, yet full of profound information from two wonderful scientists. Great film. The students were absolutely fascinated.
wait what Im a freshman learning this
@@tatedonnelly3065 LMFAO ME RIGHT NOW
@@tatedonnelly3065 same- and I’m in an advanced class
I'm in my honors bio sophomore year learning this
Im a senior learning about this 💀
Elearning is pain
Excellent resource - using this in my ecology class this week. thanks
Excellent!
I'm not here because of school work or assignment, I'm here because like many people, I enjoy learning and increasing my knowledge of the world around me, bettering myself so I can make better informed decisions on how I live and how I vote to live.
ooh wee, aren't you special
no one asked
I'm doing this for homework but the teacher didn't give us the link so I found it myself. He said it is due tomorrow which is odd I guess.
Inspiringer now I’m doing it for homework
@@lourplayss Same
Me too
Bless up
"Animal Farm" reference in the title not intended, I assume?
Hung Nguyen
The video *is* about animals after all
It was intended as stated in his book the Serengeti rules.
The Animal Farm reference is VERY MUCH intended for this video. Scientists have discovered that certain animals are the major controls for the health of the ecosystem they live in, and are therefore considered keystone species. With this in mind, it is now a fact; some animals really ARE more equal than others, and their ecosystem will literally perish without their existence.
it's intended
nice catch😭
8:05 there is a quote by Animal farm James orwell
george
*George Orwell
And here is a 1984 refference (the t shirt) 😄:
th-cam.com/video/b9xVEeYAs3w/w-d-xo.html
ngl the prof asking what makes the tree green and the answer being top down regulation is the best description of the kind of trick questions college throws at you.
Also my third time watching this vid in my bio major.
Spectacular! ecology is truly amazing, especially marine ecology!
So amazing and educational! Thank you
beautiful! such an important discovery!
Excellent. And so much follows from this, that is unsaid. Not least that we should tread lightly.
this is amazing
wow this is lowkey pretty intriguing
love this. thank you! will be sharing!!!!
Watching this in class
Mrs. Soroak do be making us watch the video tho
RIP Robert Paine
what is the role that competition plays in the relationship between muscles and other crustaceans?
Very helpful in revision for ecology
i’m wondering if any of my classmates are also cramming this info last minute
finals go crazy
I have a question for this video. If otters are the keystone species keeping the urchins from eating all the kelp, what is causing the Urchins to stay in the area when the kelp is gone and they have nothing to eat? Urchins can live for up to 25 years and they spawn yearly, surely that environment cannot support the population anymore if that species going unchecked right?
great!
A key stone species is a human concept for what is being observed at that point in history given the circumstances that caused the lost of one or two predators...
I wish that I could give this more than one thumbs up!
This is why I'm studying Ecology!
do not procrastinate, the video is interesting, Don't do it just because it's a homework, do it because you're curious about it. Don't waste time doing something you don't like.
Can someone please clarify? What am I missing? This gentlemen tossed these starfish back into the ocean and the ecosystem changed- ok, but why didn’t the starfish come back? Once they hit the water a second time, did they forget how to crawl back on shore?! What kept them from coming back on land? Why wouldn’t they? This is a serious inquiry and I appreciate your feedback in advance! Have a good one!
He kept throwing them back. Plus, starfish move slowly. nautil.us/issue/34/adaptation/the-ecologist-who-threw-starfish
im gonna yeet my exams harder than this dude yeets starfishes
Beautiful
Thank you
Just play the video at 1.75x speed and you'll finish the video in no time hehehe
13:06 wait a minute how is he takin notes underwater?
There’s water proof paper. My swim coach had some for taking attendance. She didn’t know how it worked either tho :)
oh my god this was so interesting and beautiful
this aint short wtf
sitting in class rn reading these comments plsss
4:33 キーストーン種の紹介
5:51 実験
7:07 キーストーンのイメージ
Miles kids be swaggin
LMFAOO THATS MY BIOLOGY TEACHER
Can u help me with my bio cer for this
It's rough... still chewing on it, but here it is :-)
6. CER Question: What happens when you remove the predator starfish from a single outcrop? For a 1 ½ years & 3 years
• Claim (1 sentence- Scientifically accurate -Completely answers the question using words from the question)
• Evidence - scientific data that supports the claim (use the numbers or % or fractions…)
• Reason: How does evidence support - or not support- the claim?
Since (reason) ___________________________________________________________
Then (then) ____________________________________________________________
Having to watch 20 minute videos like this for e learning is making me loose brain cells smh
Amazing........
Thanks a lot 😊
The title made me think of Animal Farm
before even pressing play i knew there would be otters
ngl that star fish got yeeted
Awww the otters are so cute 💖🤗
I have to keep pausing the video wish there was a answer key online somewhere
Jesus Christ these students in the comments are garbage. You can't watch a 20 minute video but ya'll spend hours on tiktok? This video showcases THE pioneer in intertidal ecology and an immensely important concept. Show some respect.
iskit ya dayoooooth
what kind of question did professor smith ask his class?
Crafoord Prize for Robert Paine?
Why are there any thumbs down???? Pretty straight forward folks…...
because its boring
Nobody killed an entire ecosystem! Paine was able to demonstrate there was such a thing as a keystone species and that removal of a keystone species impacted the biodiversity of the system.
so interesting! like this video, thank u!
Umm... anyone else find it interesting how he died about a month after this video?
Literally starfish horror movie
It stands to reason that a finely balanced system relies on the contribution of all the component parts... if each were not integral in some way, then they would disappear.
I really don't see that this guy is a groundbreaker for discovering that removing a component from the system causes the system to collapse. Especially as he did it deliberately.
Most ecosystems don't behave like this, and aren't "finely balanced." Removing a random species usually has little or no effect. His discovery is that some species, "keystone species," have an outsized influence on an ecosystem relative to their abundance. To a lesser degree he supported the hypothesis about the top-down regulating role of predators generally.
We must acknowledge our role in this imbalance and make amends.
who's here because of their living environment class?
6:18 YEET
Anyone else watching this for homework
can someone just tell me what this is about thank you
5:04.
For the answers just open the transcript
Ohhh thks uwu
All the hunters, who say hunting wolfes is healthy for the Environment, should watch this
in some ecosystems, wolves are a problem and do need humans to keep it from getting worse. especially because the sections of wild are broken up by cities and roads like never before which confuse the system as well, and force groups of animals in smaller areas. also, for every square mile of city, there are tens of miles of farm for food that you and everyone else eats, and farmers are not so wealthy that they can replace unsold stock. :) walk in peace!
Can someone tell me what happened to the otters???
honors biology?
Gabriella Cheetham grade 7, basic science class page and a half of notes due Tuesday
I am a trashcan I am not a trashcant same
Nope normal 6th grade science
9th honors here 👍
yep 9th
Traveled 300 miles to throw star fish 😂
Pretty Nature
Like my comment
jah lol haha rofl lmao aaaaay
All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others
who else was sent here because of online school? dang the teacher was extra mad today xD