I'm working on a paper about superconductivity and man, I gotta say, this 8 minute video did so much more for me than staring at my modern physics textbook for half an hour. Keep up the great content! Subscribed
Hello Stephen, I am an IB student working on an essay on superconductivity as well, specifically the transition to zero resistivity. How did the essay go? I would be extremely grateful if you would send it to me to help me on my research! Thanks
@@Higgsinophysics good that you enjoy making it coz the content will be fun to watch and for you, time passes like a breeze. You deserve much more subscribers
Great video. Thank you for the work you put into your simulations, it makes everything so much easier to understand. In my biology class, we were talking about diffusion of water across a membrane. The teacher asked if the molecules would simply stop moving once equilibrium is reached, and I answered "no" because I remembered one of the simulations from your entropy video. The particles keep moving back and forth, and the multiplicity still stays the same. Thanks!
@@Higgsinophysics like your voice its cool, learn some of Arnold's favorite lines and words from a sound board... the more you sound like Alrnold the more subscribers you'll get ... it worked on me because Arnold is cool.
A few remarks: - The most used superconductors, NbTi and Nb3Sn, are both type 2 superconductors but are also explained by BCS theory. BCS doesn't work for the high-temperature superconductors (HTS), like the ReBCO and BSCCO compounds. - We know, phenomenologically at least, quite a bit about how type 2 SCs work. - The Meisner effect, which you describe when talking about floating, is far too weak in most situations to make something float. You need flux vortex pinning in type 2 SCs. - The flux vortices don't expel the magnetic field, they let it through, one flux quantum per vortex. Because it costs energy to move these vortices, the material tends to keep its position and hence can float - Type 1 superconductors are almost useless in practice Still, your explanation of what is simply is, the history, and especially the explanation of BCS is very nice
he said in the vid type 1 superconductors are the talked about super conductors.. they dont know how type 2 super conductors work so why are you saying type 1 s uperconductors are almost useles in practice!?!??!
@@SmethiousReborn he's saying the majority of the things higginso said are for type 1 are actually for type 2. so all the cool stuff happens with type 2 conductors not type 1
It’s been 3years since this video was released. My professor didn’t really explain superconductors last week and then just skipped to next new chapter by leaving a series of questions in the homework. Thanks for the video so much, it makes a lot of sense and make superconductivity so interesting to me!
A good curation of internet material is far superior than any university course if the material out there exists, and isn't cutting edge info that only the researchers themselves have. But professors rarely ever teach a class on their cutting edge material anyway.
@@gwho Kinda. The advantage of courses is feedback. If anything unclear you can often ask and get a direct answer way more easily than with the internet. Perhaps more importantly you get various knowledge checks so you can get feedback on things you didn't know you didn't understand. Though admittedly there is a lot of great stuff out there that can be more engaging or explain things better than some course can do in person. So there are pros and cons.
For year 12 we have to write an article about any topic of our choice and give a lecture in front of our class,and have to pass this to get into yr 13. Its not too hard but I kinda now that feel since I have already written multiple articles where there was barely any material to learn from until I finish my articles. It's really annoying. What did you do your thesis on?
I love that I can use this video to show not just superconductivity, but conductivity, temperature-dependence conductivity, and resistance as well. In about 8 minutes, you taught an entire three-hour lecture for me. WHY?! Just kidding. Thank you for obviously taking a lot of time to illustrate it all so well.
wait, what ? So, the resistance is ABSOLUTELY, PRECISELY, MATHEMATICALLY ZERO ? as in NULL ? OMG I mean I always assumed when they did the levitating superconductors thing the Eddy currents would eventually give way to gravity by bending eversoslightly and losing energy, but I guess that was just the temperature rising I mean I can't put into words just how INCREDIBLY NEAT that is Like, you would think that doing something like bouncing a lightbeam off of a spherical mirror would last forever, but it doesn't, and so many things in this universe bow down to entropy's clenching iron fist But the fact that you can have current going through a superconductor FOREVER just blew my mind
I exaggerated a bit because no matter what we measure there will always be some uncertainty in the measurements. So we don't know for sure that it is ABSOLUTELY, PRECISELY, MATHEMATICALLY ZERO :D But we know for sure the resistance is as good as zero, there was no intensity loss measured outside the uncertainty.. Also NULL is not zero it's nothing :p
There's also "time crystals", which are little quantum "perpetual motion machines", going theoretically forever without losing energy and increasing entropy.
Thank you for this video. I have been trying to learn about superconductors through reading the new papers on the ultra pressurized superconductors, but everytime Tc showed up I kept wondering "Why does the temperature have this effect?" Thank you giving me a start on why temperature gives this effect.
Visiting this video to find out what and what isn't possible with superconductors, now that a potential (it is not peer reviewed yet) type 2 super conductor could do for our society!
I loved this video especially the animation!! It made the whole content so much easier to follow!!! If you dont mind telling me how do you make those animations, I've recently started teaching a class and want to give a go at it🙈
Nice video! just a small note, there are no maglev trains in existence that make use of this property. The one showed, the Transrapid, doesn't make use of superconductivity at all. The SC-Maglev in Japan _does_ use superconductivity, but this is to be able to create extremely energy efficient magnets, because no resistance means no energy lost.
Superb channel. Great explanation. This video combined with Arvin Ash’s video gave me an adequate understanding of superconductivity. My first NFT purchase will be from you good sir.
How a superconductor works. Everything from the physics and some of the history as well. Superconductors were discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. It was discovered because it was made possible to liquefy helium which produced temperatures down to 2-4 kelvin. It was then discovered the resistance drops to 0 after the critical temperature. It is explained by BCS theory, how two electrons goes from fermions and bonds into a boson. This theory can be used to leviates trains or everything. Explained by the meissner effect. This video only cover type 1 and not type 2 superconductors.
at 5:36 did he meant the probability clouds of the electrons overlap each other right ? why don't the electrons repel each other when are in the lowest orbit ?
I don't know if the highlights at 3:48 were meant to show elements that superconduct in elemental forms, or if they are used in superconductive compounds. If it's the latter, then copper needs to be highlighted because of the group of cuprates that superconduct.
I think they don‘t. They theorized it and try to prove it wrong until the can‘t. So those are just humans assumptions/perception of nature. Sometimes they can be wrong or not complete.
Question: if all copper pair are in the ground state. Why does it move at all? In the semi-classical theory of conductivity, we have electrons occupying energy state of the lattice. There is the scattering to the equilibrium, and there is the external electric field that move the equilibrium distribution to one side which result to the net current direction. Now if all you have is the ground state, how can it have motion? I mean R is zero, electric field is zero, so potential gradiant is zero. You can't even do time independent perturbation on the ground state. How do you tell which way the ground state moves toward? Do you have to calculate some kind of green function and do linear response theory or something? I briefly looked at a few textbooks (like quantum field theory by mahan), I haven't found an answer yet. (I want some kind of roughly answer before I read into the dense textbooks)
okay..I think I got the answer after I thought about it for awhile. The ground state is just the ground state of internal degree of freedom. If the energy gap is large enough compared to KT, copper pairs effectively just never break. The center of mass degree of freedom of the boson (over a large area) don't experience phonons and impurities the same way the small electrons do. I suppose the center of mass degree of freedom just kinda like a free particle in free space.
all the electrons settle down to the lowest possible energy states when super cooled and becomes immune to individual excitation so if an electrons with enough energy to excite all the electrons in the lower state to their respective states collides with it then will the super conductor gets heats up ?
This is very intriguing subject...knowing this assists me in understanding our ultimate destiny. What if the charge on our atoms changed, aren't we superconductive? Consciousness in harmonic resonance with the totality of our Being.WOW
Weird question. Coil guns that reply on copper coils and magnetic fields to launch a projectile have warnings saying people with pacemakers should not fire the coil gun because of the large magnetic field it creates. If it would be possible to have a room temperature super conductor, would putting the components inside a room temp super conductor focus the magnetic fields to only inside (and out the barrel) and not blast out all over the place? As in, would it make it safe for people with pacemakers and sensitive electronics to be close to a firing coil gun?
I was a bit confusing at the timestamp. But I didn't mean the electron. I meant the local disturbance have a higher positivly charged density because the protons clumb together in a smaller area. This causes a higher attraction to the incomming electron off course
So for example on the moon you could operate many things much more efficiently with for example solar panels right? (moon temp around -173 C, super conductors + less losses due to no atmosphere)
Can large loops of CG wire generate anything other than magnetism? What about affecting the speed of atomic clocks (slowing them down or speeding them up)?
I'm working on a paper about superconductivity and man, I gotta say, this 8 minute video did so much more for me than staring at my modern physics textbook for half an hour. Keep up the great content! Subscribed
I love to hear when the videos can be used like this. Thank you for sharing!
Hello Stephen, I am an IB student working on an essay on superconductivity as well, specifically the transition to zero resistivity. How did the essay go? I would be extremely grateful if you would send it to me to help me on my research!
Thanks
I imagine these videos take a while to make, fantastic job once again.
yeah they do. But most of the time it's fun!
@@Higgsinophysics good that you enjoy making it coz the content will be fun to watch and for you, time passes like a breeze. You deserve much more subscribers
@@turbothrottletrouble4217 1 more subscriber. Thank you for doing this and phenomenal work.
Seriously? I can't believe, this is so Underrated!
Great video. Thank you for the work you put into your simulations, it makes everything so much easier to understand.
In my biology class, we were talking about diffusion of water across a membrane. The teacher asked if the molecules would simply stop moving once equilibrium is reached, and I answered "no" because I remembered one of the simulations from your entropy video. The particles keep moving back and forth, and the multiplicity still stays the same. Thanks!
iPeaceful nice good job man - and thanks for telling me. It’s really nice to know you got something useful out of the videos
It was great have Arnold Schwarzenegger narrate this video and show his interest in physics
Man i wish people would call me the Arnold in real life! I should start bench pressing some more
@@Higgsinophysics like your voice its cool, learn some of Arnold's favorite lines and words from a sound board... the more you sound like Alrnold the more subscribers you'll get ... it worked on me because Arnold is cool.
@@Higgsinophysics some moah*
Lmfao, anyone else read the comment before hearing the voice.
😂
A few remarks:
- The most used superconductors, NbTi and Nb3Sn, are both type 2 superconductors but are also explained by BCS theory. BCS doesn't work for the high-temperature superconductors (HTS), like the ReBCO and BSCCO compounds.
- We know, phenomenologically at least, quite a bit about how type 2 SCs work.
- The Meisner effect, which you describe when talking about floating, is far too weak in most situations to make something float. You need flux vortex pinning in type 2 SCs.
- The flux vortices don't expel the magnetic field, they let it through, one flux quantum per vortex. Because it costs energy to move these vortices, the material tends to keep its position and hence can float
- Type 1 superconductors are almost useless in practice
Still, your explanation of what is simply is, the history, and especially the explanation of BCS is very nice
he said in the vid type 1 superconductors are the talked about super conductors.. they dont know how type 2 super conductors work so why are you saying type 1 s uperconductors are almost useles in practice!?!??!
@@SmethiousReborn he's saying the majority of the things higginso said are for type 1 are actually for type 2. so all the cool stuff happens with type 2 conductors not type 1
A gem has been found
THANK YOU for going into more detail!! Several videos about this topic, but none of them really explain much.
np glad you found it useful
one of the most didactic explanation of superconductivty I've ever seen! thank you! cheers from Brazil
When the video cuts to “why???” I nearly spat out my coffee! What amazing timing for that edit! Thanks for this awesome video:)
Probably the best visual explanation about electrodynamics of the supeeconductors I've ever seen. I'll definitely subscribe to this channel.
You explained everything crystal clear in just less than 9 minutes.
That's what we need in our school physics lectures.
Incredible how your 9 min video explains the topic way better than my entire 90 min lecture! Thank you, keep up the grat work :DD
3:09 wasn't expecting the meme LOL
who is this WHAH guy? lol
@@AntonySimkin A Christian pastor. Says "why" alot. I do not know his name lol
It’s been 3years since this video was released. My professor didn’t really explain superconductors last week and then just skipped to next new chapter by leaving a series of questions in the homework. Thanks for the video so much, it makes a lot of sense and make superconductivity so interesting to me!
A good curation of internet material is far superior than any university course if the material out there exists, and isn't cutting edge info that only the researchers themselves have.
But professors rarely ever teach a class on their cutting edge material anyway.
@@gwho Kinda. The advantage of courses is feedback. If anything unclear you can often ask and get a direct answer way more easily than with the internet. Perhaps more importantly you get various knowledge checks so you can get feedback on things you didn't know you didn't understand. Though admittedly there is a lot of great stuff out there that can be more engaging or explain things better than some course can do in person. So there are pros and cons.
Wish I watched this 2 years ago when I worked on my thesis
it hasn’t been out for 2 years yet
For year 12 we have to write an article about any topic of our choice and give a lecture in front of our class,and have to pass this to get into yr 13. Its not too hard but I kinda now that feel since I have already written multiple articles where there was barely any material to learn from until I finish my articles. It's really annoying.
What did you do your thesis on?
bro can you pass me your thesis pls?
That example made with lightning and the conductivity of air was magnificent! Wow.
ONE OF THE BEST EXPLANATION, I EVER HEARD
Teacher: temperature coefficient blah blah ( concept unclear)
He : hold my helium
👍👍👍👍👍
its really fantastic..... I was searching for a long time about quantum levitation and ur video really solved my doubts.....thanks a lot
It’s a great youtube channel that comprise exact and complete physics details in it❤.
Thanks for those kind words @hosseinrajabi3885!
Thx, this helps me a lot. This's the best animation of BCS theory I ever watched.
This video was incredible! I learned so much and have a new found interest in superconductors, I cant wait to go dive deeper!
Glad to hear that thank you
I love that I can use this video to show not just superconductivity, but conductivity, temperature-dependence conductivity, and resistance as well. In about 8 minutes, you taught an entire three-hour lecture for me. WHY?! Just kidding. Thank you for obviously taking a lot of time to illustrate it all so well.
Glad you think that, it was the goal of this video. Thank you!
wait, what ? So, the resistance is ABSOLUTELY, PRECISELY, MATHEMATICALLY ZERO ? as in NULL ?
OMG I mean I always assumed when they did the levitating superconductors thing the Eddy currents would eventually give way to gravity by bending eversoslightly and losing energy, but I guess that was just the temperature rising
I mean I can't put into words just how INCREDIBLY NEAT that is
Like, you would think that doing something like bouncing a lightbeam off of a spherical mirror would last forever, but it doesn't, and so many things in this universe bow down to entropy's clenching iron fist
But the fact that you can have current going through a superconductor FOREVER just blew my mind
I exaggerated a bit because no matter what we measure there will always be some uncertainty in the measurements. So we don't know for sure that it is ABSOLUTELY, PRECISELY, MATHEMATICALLY ZERO :D But we know for sure the resistance is as good as zero, there was no intensity loss measured outside the uncertainty.. Also NULL is not zero it's nothing :p
There's also "time crystals", which are little quantum "perpetual motion machines", going theoretically forever without losing energy and increasing entropy.
Video contents is SUPERB , AMAZING
but...
Do the background black only for eye comfort.
Excellent video...made me imagened what actually superconductors are...thnx
Thank you for this video. I have been trying to learn about superconductors through reading the new papers on the ultra pressurized superconductors, but everytime Tc showed up I kept wondering "Why does the temperature have this effect?" Thank you giving me a start on why temperature gives this effect.
Thanks so much! You have just helped me so much with a superconductors project I am doing in Physics.
glad I could help
Great video! I really enjoyed the animations :D
Thank you!
Hello from the future!
Visiting this video to find out what and what isn't possible with superconductors, now that a potential (it is not peer reviewed yet) type 2 super conductor could do for our society!
I just heard the news about LK99, sounds really amazing, would you please make a video about this material? Thx
Once again i came here really loved your videos thanks for uploading.
This is what every collage and modern day physics should be working on.
by far the best video on the topic, super cool job!!
Thanks so much, been looking for this for quite a while
Nice simulations for the electron ball and chain. My idea for the next video - Superfluidity / bose einstein condensates!
Thanks for the suggestion. It would be a nice continuation
Nature is flippen awesome! Well presented. Thank you!
You make the internet smarter and more worthwhile
Yo super high quality amazing stuff bro
Thank you i appreciate it :D
This is a remarkably intelligent video
Appreciate your comment - thank you.
Such a beautiful video
So nice of you 👍👍
Very good video man, super informative, got a lot better understanding of superconductors now
Awesome 👍 just found your channel. Great work you did there . Thanks for your effort.
thank you!
you deserve much, much more subscribers
appreciate your comment ❤️
I loved this video especially the animation!! It made the whole content so much easier to follow!!!
If you dont mind telling me how do you make those animations, I've recently started teaching a class and want to give a go at it🙈
Nice video! just a small note, there are no maglev trains in existence that make use of this property. The one showed, the Transrapid, doesn't make use of superconductivity at all. The SC-Maglev in Japan _does_ use superconductivity, but this is to be able to create extremely energy efficient magnets, because no resistance means no energy lost.
oobs. Thanks for letting me now !
Thanku sir for this effort. My concepts are much better now. Thanku from bottom of heart
my man helping me with my physics homework here
Thank you! This was fun to watch
Did you hate my pronunciation? Content of video is in article format here: higgsino.medium.com/the-physics-of-superconductivity-8631a174f986
Your pronunciation is perfectly fine. European accents are much more preferable than an Indian accent...
@@clemeschmidt Indian accents just pronounce every word strongly? don't know how that's bad
wow what a good explanation of this phenomenon! Thank you!
Thanks friend
Nice video, great explain. I can imagine how it works by this video.
glad to hear that :)
Superb channel. Great explanation. This video combined with Arvin Ash’s video gave me an adequate understanding of superconductivity. My first NFT purchase will be from you good sir.
How a superconductor works. Everything from the physics and some of the history as well. Superconductors were discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. It was discovered because it was made possible to liquefy helium which produced temperatures down to 2-4 kelvin.
It was then discovered the resistance drops to 0 after the critical temperature. It is explained by BCS theory, how two electrons goes from fermions and bonds into a boson.
This theory can be used to leviates trains or everything. Explained by the meissner effect. This video only cover type 1 and not type 2 superconductors.
What a good explanation!
at 5:36 did he meant the probability clouds of the electrons overlap each other right ? why don't the electrons repel each other when are in the lowest orbit ?
Great explanations, awesome graphics
I don't know if the highlights at 3:48 were meant to show elements that superconduct in elemental forms, or if they are used in superconductive compounds. If it's the latter, then copper needs to be highlighted because of the group of cuprates that superconduct.
You are right - but these are just the in the elemental forms
Why doesn't this channel have a million subs?!
that was amazing!!! a satisfying video after a long long time!! n btw, i subscribed!
thanks for this kind comment!
This video earned you my sub
Amazing video very helpful thank you 😊
Great VOD man realy helped me out im doing a project about maglev and i need to understand superconduction
thank you great vid! no cap. Type 2 semiconductors sound even more interesting.
Difficult things made simple thank you sirs, very much appreciated
there are some typo on the periodic table at 3:43. Indium and Thallium.
well my question is how scientists observe those microscopic level moments/phenomena
I think they don‘t. They theorized it and try to prove it wrong until the can‘t. So those are just humans assumptions/perception of nature. Sometimes they can be wrong or not complete.
Question: if all copper pair are in the ground state. Why does it move at all? In the semi-classical theory of conductivity, we have electrons occupying energy state of the lattice. There is the scattering to the equilibrium, and there is the external electric field that move the equilibrium distribution to one side which result to the net current direction.
Now if all you have is the ground state, how can it have motion? I mean R is zero, electric field is zero, so potential gradiant is zero. You can't even do time independent perturbation on the ground state. How do you tell which way the ground state moves toward?
Do you have to calculate some kind of green function and do linear response theory or something? I briefly looked at a few textbooks (like quantum field theory by mahan), I haven't found an answer yet. (I want some kind of roughly answer before I read into the dense textbooks)
okay..I think I got the answer after I thought about it for awhile. The ground state is just the ground state of internal degree of freedom. If the energy gap is large enough compared to KT, copper pairs effectively just never break. The center of mass degree of freedom of the boson (over a large area) don't experience phonons and impurities the same way the small electrons do. I suppose the center of mass degree of freedom just kinda like a free particle in free space.
Great, thank you! This was very clear to follow and understand.
Great work!
its really wonderful representation. thanks
Excellent description of the topic
Thank you very much
thank you for this very clear presentation, Please tell me how you can use the animation in your video for example, like electrons and copper pairs
all the electrons settle down to the lowest possible energy states when super cooled and becomes immune to individual excitation so if an electrons with enough energy to excite all the electrons in the lower state to their respective states collides with it then will the super conductor gets heats up ?
Great explanation! Now I need to learn more about cooper pairs...
so helpful thank you!!
@Higgsino physics Great animations. How do you make them?
Thank you! I use Cinema 4D but i would like to switch to blender soon. The Python module isn't too good in Cinema
Underrated channel
thank you
can you use a superconducter to block magneticfields and in that way create some kind of perpetual motion
This is very intriguing subject...knowing this assists me in understanding our ultimate destiny. What if the charge on our atoms changed, aren't we superconductive? Consciousness in harmonic resonance with the totality of our Being.WOW
Weird question. Coil guns that reply on copper coils and magnetic fields to launch a projectile have warnings saying people with pacemakers should not fire the coil gun because of the large magnetic field it creates. If it would be possible to have a room temperature super conductor, would putting the components inside a room temp super conductor focus the magnetic fields to only inside (and out the barrel) and not blast out all over the place? As in, would it make it safe for people with pacemakers and sensitive electronics to be close to a firing coil gun?
5:18 & 7:54 , I like his use of the Windows error sound to make the point. :)
And hence thanks to your help I passed yet another semester.
I learned something. Thanks
In minute 4:32 you say that the incoming/flying electron will be more positively charged? Why?
I was a bit confusing at the timestamp. But I didn't mean the electron. I meant the local disturbance have a higher positivly charged density because the protons clumb together in a smaller area. This causes a higher attraction to the incomming electron off course
an amazing explanation
So for example on the moon you could operate many things much more efficiently with for example solar panels right? (moon temp around -173 C, super conductors + less losses due to no atmosphere)
very nice explanation
Amazing video, thanks!
what are the examples of super conductor for kids project
Awesome graphics
The day has come with room temperature super conductor
Can large loops of CG wire generate anything other than magnetism? What about affecting the speed of atomic clocks (slowing them down or speeding them up)?
3:05 how does this graph make any sense ??? It shows that for Tc you have value range for resistance from 0 to whatever
Can’t believe this channel isn’t bigger. Great video and keep it up 👍
Btw the visuals are very easy to understand and really add to the video.
appreciate the kind comment!
Kudos to the explanation
It was a great explanation
Excellent vidéo !
Amazing , I luv it ♥️