I have taiji class on Sundays. It takes just about 30 minutes both ways. Every Sunday I listen to the first half on the way and the second half on the way back.
Well done per usual Drach. Thanks especially for the look at/explanation of the French "pre-dreadnaught" battleships. At first glance it's hard to believe those were actually produced. I plan to make some time to learn more about those "white elephants". Thanks again.
Sailors in the age of sail were more than happy to drink grog - navy rum cut with hot water. Given that prisoners in jail routinely ferment 'pruno' from just about anything containing sugar, I doubt that someone on a long cruise would turn up their nose at IPA. That being said, props to the Navy for going all-in and building an ocean-going brewery.
Alternative set of words: Barman "Sorry we've only got IPA" Sailor "Has it got alcohol?" Barman "Yes, more than ordinary beer" Sailor "I'll have more then"
You are badly mistaken on the relative bitterness of historical vs. current IPAs. While historical IPAs were heavily hopped and very bitter when fresh or relatively young, they were not intended to be consumed in that state. Indeed, historical IPA was aged for many months both in England and in transit through multiple climate zones before it was consumed overseas. This mellowed it from what was considered to be undrinkably bitter when young to what was widely held to be a very pleasant product when mature. In contrast, IPA brewers and consumers are now usually ahistorically obsessed with fresh hop flavors and drinking IPAs very young. That means current IPAs can be intensely bitter, fruity, floral, etc. depending on the hops used.
Very interesting. People nowadays often forget the long tranport and storage times that used to be involved in the movement of goods. I'm not surprised that this also applied to IPAs. Indeed, I would like to volunteer to do research on this topic. Actually, I have already started.
The photo you show is of the SS Munra an EFT 1001 design built in Astoria Oregon. The ships, known as Ferris Steamers after their designer, were 3500 tons and 281 feet long of all wood planking on sawn frames built of pine on the east coast and Douglas fir on the west. Just over 200 EFT 1001s were built or under construction on the West Coast at the time the war ended. The war ended a year earlier than expected so most of the ships never saw service being were sold off for scrap within a year of the wars end. There is a picture of surplus ships anchored in Seattle's Lake Union referred to as Wilson's Woodrow a pun on what was seen as a boondoggle on the part of the Wilson administration. Similar yard specific ships were also built on the West Coast with most sharing a similar fate. The remains of an EFT sit being overtake by trees growing out of it's rotting hulk in Knappton Cove across the Columbia from Astoria where it was launched in a partially completed state in order to clear the ways at the end of the war..
It has taken me 3.5 years to catch up with all the episodes of drydock. It is surprising that there is one topic/ship which you have not covered at all. Maybe just mentioned adjacently in passing in drydock ep.223 pt.2 at 1:07:29 and ep.253 pt.1 at 2:20:21. There is an excellent documentary covering the greatest warship ever, maybe one could say even super ship. In that documentary (Iron Sky, 2012) there is shown, how Bismarck did not sink (nothing built by Germany could be ever sunk), but actually, when the kingston valves were opened, the ship rejected the water so forcefully (they had to let some extra air in from the top) that Bismarck was lifted straight out of the water and was steered high up into heavens. They ended up actually on the far side of the moon, where the ship rests to this very day. There is also another documentary, U-DLXXI (from 2000) with some original footage, taken through a periscope and original audio snippets recorded through hydrophones, as the Bismarck was leaving the atmosphere. So, when will you be visiting the forementioned museum super-ship on the far side of the moon?
That is exactly the kind of stories for podcasts that Drac was listening to on the London trains back when he was an civil engineer. Kool stories sure. But so many believed it true that Drac decided to make this channel. And his get it right attitude now gets him invited to Navy academys as a moderator. Fly drones on US Navy ship yards. His integrity has made all that possible. I can see a time in the future that as part of the December 7th memorial Drac with the permission of the US Navy fly a drone on the flight path of the Japanese on that day.
Some key points about Savo Island: 1) The Japanese launched seaplanes from their cruisers. These reported three cruisers ahead, then the Japanese spotted USN Blue, slowed down to hide their wakes and sneak by, then they accelerated to 30 knots combat speed to engage the cruisers. The Allied ships were going 10 knots which made them sitting ducks - and they could not accelerate quickly to combat speed. There isn't much info out there on cruiser acceleration but I'd estimate at least 10 minutes would be required - and that is an eternity under fire at close range. _Speed is life for warships in a close range night action once they have been spotted by the enemy_ 2) Allied ships were highlighted by a burning merchant vessel (attacked by Japanese air earlier in the day and still burning) and also by flares dropped by Japanese night-flying seaplanes. In particular both Chicago and Canberra were highlighted at about 1:43. This made them easy targets. Both Chicago and Canberra would start responding at this time as a direct result of being highlighted, but by that point it was far too late. Most people fail to understand just how quickly things were happening during this battle - highlighted and visible to the enemy, Canberra would be out of the battle a mere 3 minutes after going to action stations. _Not being seen is a key to survival in these night actions_ 3) The second group of cruisers saw lights and even heard gunfire, and at least one person even felt what he later realized were explosions transmitted through the water, but many (most? all?) of the people involved assumed it was shore bombardment to support the landings that they just hadn't been told about. This created enough confusion and hesitation to slow down their response to the presence of an actual enemy. _People with no battle experience in a particular domain (such as night surface combat) will always be slow to recognize the signs of danger - and need extra time to get ready for it_ 4) The Allied forces were extremely fatigued from going to general quarters/actions stations for many air attacks during the day. They needed to work out procedures to allow at least the cruiser crews to be fresh at night. _Tired people make bad decisions, respond slowly to change and signs of danger, and need extra time to get ready_ 5) The USN ships were extremely vulnerable to fires due since they hadn't prepared for a night action. Float plane hangers, gasoline, munitions were all sources of vulnerability. Ships with fires burning are easy targets at night. _Not being seen is a key to survival in these night actions_ 6) The Japanese were using Savo Island to shield themselves from sight - black ships might cast a silhouette against the night sky, but they cast no silhouettes against a backdrop of a black mountainous island. This will also potentially shield them from the relatively primitive radar sets available, depending upon the relative locations of the ships involved. You might get no detection or only a partial detection - and with US destroyers in the vicinity, a failure to see the full formation could easily be misinterpreted. _Not being seen is a key to survival in these night actions_ So there are a lot of things that need to be fixed and/or have to go right if the Allied force is going to have a better outcome. For HMAS Australia and Crutchley to make a difference, the Allied force needs 10-15 minutes warning to think through what they are seeing, get to action stations/general quarters and get to combat speed. Given how close the Japanese force was to Savo Island, the primitive nature of the available radar, and the presence of Allied destroyers in front of the cruisers to create confusion regarding the identity of contacts this is going to be tricky. Also, it's probably best to suppose Australia is not in the usual lead position, since if she is, she is going to be the initial target and that will likely limit Crutchley's ability to influence the combat (perhaps to the same 3 minutes Canberra had before being disabled). Given the speed of the Japanese force, they are going to be at point blank range very quickly at which point any minor differences in ships are simply not going to be relevant, what is going to matter is the number and sizes of available guns and torpedoes, where the Japanese have an advantage. Worse, the spotting situation is very much against the Allied force and will only get worse as the Japanese get hits, especially on the USN ships. Note that Canberra was unable to fire her torpedoes in the very short time that she had before being crippled: it takes time to train torpedo tubes and get a solution, so having a second torpedo firing cruiser present is no guarantee that any Allied torpedoes will hit the water let alone hit any targets. Hence yet another reason to need extra warning time. Probably the best tactic for the RN ships is to turn and run, which goes against the RN traditions, but facing superior firepower at close range is going to be a disaster. The retreat would only have to last long enough to reach the other cruiser group. However, given the speed disadvantage, trying to run is going to be really hard. Basically, the Japanese have done everything really well up to this point and it's going to be extremely difficult for the Allied force to extract itself let alone win a tactical victory. On the other hand, they already won the strategic victory ...
52:30 On the topic of blockade in the 1st World War, I listend to the audiobook version of "The Economic Weapon" by Nicholas Mulder. He's got a pretty detailed explanation of how the UK employed a huge apparatus of lets say "economical analysts" which went through various data sources from before and during the war to determine the quotas for goods neutral states were allowed to import. If I remember correctly he also claims that the UKs absolute dominance over a) the seatrade b) the financial markets c) the insurance market that held it all together was what actually enabled this blockade. A blockade can be much more than just a line of ships somewhere in the sea.
14:35 Plywood wasn't really a thing in WW1 except for aircraft, because it was pre phenol-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins, so the types of glue you really don't want to immerse in any water, aircraft although exposed to weather were regularly maintained almost on an hourly basis so well before MTBF would be a problem. There were attempts to use plywood in Germany due to shortage of quality hardwood, triple ply and five piece ply (around 60mm thickness) for manufacture of rifle stocks on Gewehr 98 type rifles, generally from the traditional hardwoods used for firearms, it did not work at all well, as once exposed to rain and trench warfare they warped, but there was marginal success in construction the very fragile none structural upper hand guards, even compared to traditional methods. Really by the 1930s when Phenol resins became a thing an advanced manufacture could have made moulded (resin re-enforced / wood flour) style materials such as the classic Bakerlite, and of course the lightweight hulls of PT boats, but still high maintenance if immersed in water.
Brewers today forget that original IPAs lost a good deal of their bitterness during the long voyage from England to India. IPAs today are basically an over-hopped beer that has not been properly aged. And yet, modern “expert” beer drinkers believe they are tasting the exact same thing that was consumed in India. Technically, what they are actually drinking is a bitter ale.
@@lordbaysel3135 Aging was for two purposes. First, to prevent exploding casks or bottles in the tropics while in transit, historical IPAs were aged in vented casks in stockyards in England until primary fermentation was completed and the beer had gone very flat. Then secondary fermentation (largely dependent on brettanomyces from reused shipping casks) brought the beer into condition during transit to its final destination. Second, before aging the beer was generally considered to be undrinkably bitter, while the aged beer had mellowed to become pleasant to drink at its destination. Historical IPAs were not all about fresh hop flavors. That is a modern anachronism.
Today’s IPAs are actually quite different from a traditional bitter ale. A traditional bitter would be served aged (“stale” in the terminology of the day), not fresh (“mild”). Today’s IPAs are best described as hop-forward, fresh ales, which would be a quite unusual style in the past.
Why not brew IPA beers for crews? Simple, IPA's were not meant to be drunk until after they had matured long enough for much of the bitterness to mellow. That more or less coincided with the time it took for the ship carrying the maturing IPA to actually get to India. Much of an IPA's extended shelf life was in that maturing phase, not after. It was never a beer that was meant to be drunk 'fresh' (after little maturing). A historical IPA was only extremely bitter if you consumed it BEFORE the maturing process had completed. A properly matured IPA was actually a very pleasant ale, no more bitter than any bitter ale, and often less so.
44:45 Drach, one thing I think you've forgotten to consider in the ranking of French battleships is the respective size of their wine cellars. Quite critical
It's interesting how the navies had ships that made beer and ice cream, also won the war. Germans pulling artillery with horses, IJN abandonment of Torpedo Alley north of New Caledonia so the submarines can innfectually supply the starving soldiers and marooned sailors on Guadalcanal. It should have told the average soldier who realized the Allies had too much good stuff to beat. It wouldn't be a fair fight.
wrt changes in Second London, from my reading, Second London seemed to be more about the UK trying to push everyone else down to the sort of ships the UK wanted. I have read that Ark Royal was built the way she was, under the Washington limit of 27,000 tons, to maximize the number of drydocks around the empire that could accommodate her, so the treaty tried to push everyone else's carriers down to the same size. The UK had to build smaller cruisers to obtain the number of cruisers needed in the tonnage allowance available. The treaty tried to force everyone else's light cruisers down to the same size. Nothing in the earlier treaties said the UK could not build battleships with 15" or 14" guns. The French, and Italians, were perfectly happy to build 15" guns, when the treaty allowed 16". But someone in the Admiralty was pressing for 14". The decision to go 14" on the KGVs had been made before the Second London conference started. So, again, Second London was used to try to force everyone else down to the gun size the UK wanted to use. Same mindset came up when the US and UK were negotiating the displacement escalator in early 38. The UK was pushing for a 42,000 limit, as that was the maximum their facilities around the empire could accommodate. The US wanted 45,000, so the Iowas could be the ships they wanted. As we see with Lion, nothing prevented the UK building what suited it's needs, even if it was under the official limit. The consistent mindset in the UK, was to use the treaty to try to prevent anyone building anything more powerful than what the UK wanted to build. I could point out that Lord Chatfield was First Sea Lord from January 33 through September 38, so he was in a position to influence the design of the KGVs, Second London, and the negotiations for the battleship tonnage escalator.
@stevevalley7835 true, although as I mentioned in the answer, there is what the RN thought it could build to meet its needs under the budget the Treasury was offering, and what they actually wanted but couldn't afford.
@@Drachinifel I agree entirely, the UK was working within it's budget and facility constraints. President Coolidge was notorious for his reluctance to spend anything on anything, including defense. He called a naval conference in 1927, to try to use a treaty to force the RN's cruiser force to be drawn down to the cruiser force Coolidge felt like funding for the USN. The UK wasn't having it, due to the size of the empire they needed to patrol. I read of comments like "the US is trying to buy parity on the cheap". Japan threatened to withdraw from the treaty, unless they were granted parity with the US and UK. The naval treaties are fascinating, for the parties each trying to advance their own national interest, while restraining the other parties. Everyone does it. It's their job to do it. It is fascinating to watch.
Bitterness of IPAs is kinda the point, i get that it might not be for everyone, but there are often beers with 100+ IBU, i even managed to drink one that was something around 200, but you cannot really taste the difference beyond 120.
I wish you’d speak about jazz bands like you’ve done episodes on ice cream. They do that with jazz bands to this day and poor Glenn Miller. I just saw a band under a turret last July 4. So awesome. Besides signals can you elaborate on the jazz bands on carriers and battleships
RE: The WW1 blockade of Germany - in your view how effective was it? I have previously been told that it was essential to bring the Germans to the table for peace talks, by causing famine and throttling production but recently, some historians have put the blame of famine and industrial shortage on German incompetence such as too wide conscription and taking too many farm horses.
While proper allocation of resources likely would have greatly reduced the impact of the blockade (and proper, proactive, management of resources can make a massive difference as can be seen by the food situation in Britain in WWI and WWII), with access to international markets the impacts of and mismanagement of resources could have been mitigated. Poor management of resources would not have made the blockade unimportant, it would have amplified its effects. Also the idea that they should have left more horses and men to work the farm also needs to consider how the loss of those resources would impact the army.
Recent IPAs here in the United States have been getting more and more bitter. There seems to be an I-dare-you aspect to them nowadays. Also, they’ve gotten way more popular than I could have imagined thirty or more years ago when I tried my first ones: it’s hard to get anything else from the smaller regional breweries here!
The IBU wars ended like 6-7 years ago. Challenge IPAs have pretty much dropped off the map. Your local micro breweries are way behind the times if grass clipping IPAs are all you can find.
@@j-uw8gxI haven’t followed developments closely of late as due to diabetes I am consuming a lot less beer. Either I’m behind the times or here in Florida there has been a bit of a delay in evolution. Maybe both?
You guys may know more but from my brief visits to California, micro-brewery beer that I tasted took great pride in being “hopped-up” in differentiating themselves by being so bitter.
I have no doubt that had they been called by the ranking admiral the spirits of sailors from the 17th century and beyond would have come back to serve after hearing of HMS Menestheus
01:02:20 - We must consider if the Marine Nationale and gone over to the Axis it was not just the real impact that could make (given the lack of fuel) but also the potential impact of the Nazis or the Italians Navy having those ships. British and Allied planners would have consider the potential impact those ships could make. After all, look at all the attention paid to Tirpitz and she was basically a floating AA battery for much of the war.
You keep mentioning the greater USN manpower demands compared to other navies, but WHY were they so much more demanding in the first place? I seem to recall a greater emphasis upon DC in the USN, and the more bodies the better when it comes to that, but what other reasons were there for the drastic difference?
One of the big ones for WW2 was the high pressure steam plants needed more care and maintenance, which meant USN ships engineering complements were considerably larger. Another part later in the war is AA choices, a pair of quad Bofors or four twin Bofors need a lot more crew than an actual pom pom for instance.
Which one of the builders for the Charles Martel quote-class-unquote ships was the most experienced in building modern capital ships? because I always was under impression it was atelier responsible for Jauréguiberry.
hey man, i don't know if you'll see this but I've not been getting your vids recommended for a while now, I can only find you when i search your channel, and not a specific video. i had to search your channel, go to your main page, and manually find several videos i wanted to rewatch, idk what is going on, i just wanted to mention it to you. the videos i searched for where samar, and both videos you did on the Japanese zero.
@@alexzenz760sounds about right. That's messed up. You get invade then after the War you have to pay damages. That is like someone brakes in your home gets hurt then the court tells you you have to pay the medical bills of the robber.
Drach, how would modern naval weapons (guns torpedos and anti ship missiles) do against WW1 and WW2 era ships and vice versa assuming accurate fire is delivered?
During the discussions of Guadalcanal (and to some extent the other parts of island-hopping) I keep wondering why some kind of transportable radar station was not in the plans. If something containerised could have been dragged halfway up the north-west slope of Savo Island, it would have been able to give 24-hour warning. Obviously, that's a volcanic slope, but there should have been somewhere viable.
An SCR270 radar was delivered to Guadalcanal at some point during the campaign and installed near Henderson Field. This is the same kind of air search radar as detected the Pearl Harbor raid. I would be very concerned about keeping a site on Savo supplied with fuel for the electrical generators, even if a suitable surface search radar was available.
@@kemarisite I had a quick look and the SCR-270 is a very plausible candidate, but that was for early-warning of aircraft. It *does* show that someone was at least *thinking* about radar defences, though. Fuel - well, yeah. But as it turns out, the investment would definitely have been worth it.
@@kemarisite Yes. I recognised that error and edited it. But, even so, the SCR-270 was an air-search radar. If it had been installed on Henderson Field, it would likely have been a) Quickly destroyed, and b) Useless against ships coming from the north-west. I can only assume that the Navy said: 'We have lots of ships equipped with radar' and went no further - not knowing as we do, with 20-20 hindsight, that radar on board ships are surrounded by reflective metal and have gigantic blind spots. Drachinifel's videos show just how flawed the 'radar picket ship' concept was at this stage in the war. My original point was: 'What if?'.
I'd say a better answer would be, it wasn't in the plans because everything was being done frantically and at the last minute in response to a completely unexpected Coastwatcher message. They had to put together an operation on a shoestring with far too much 'nice to have' or 'really useful' stuff still in the logistics pipeline. This is ultimately why so many mistakes were made - but as it turned out, the Allied mistakes were ones they could afford to make, while the Japanese could not.
i wonder if The Dutch Navy ever considered replacing our Karel Doorman ( the 2nd..) with a CVV or equal. We could, but never build our own carrier. I know the cost-cuts by politics doomed it, but what did the Navy wanted. ? Also, do you have any plans to visit Malta and make a episode about the raid on Valetta by the Regia Marina on 26 July 1941 ?
2:00 Honestly, some of the Micro Brewery IPA crap in the US and Canada sure as hell tires to get horrifically Bitter. Don't know if its close to the original but sure seems like they are trying their level best to make it taste bad.
Modern IPA's are not the same as historical. Modern IPA's are basically fresh beers, they are not aged for very long before being consumed. Historical IPA's were aged for a considerable period and were not drunk until AFTER that ageing. Ironically that ageing reduced the bitterness and hoppiness very considerably, so a properly aged historical IPA was very pleasant to drink. It's only if its drunk 'fresh' that its very, very bitter. So those really bitter modern IPA's are trying to get the taste of historical IPA's in a condition they were historically regarded as undrinkable and not ready to be drunk! They are forgetting that those beers are SUPPOSED to be aged long enough for the bitterness to be mellowed....
never thought of it before, but the word Chicago, actually sounds Japanese when you say it , is that just me I.e i thought Drach was talking about a Japanese ship for a second zhi, car, go
Airwing size is another factor working against the acquisition of larger American carriers in the post war period.. If you can only afford 40-50 aircraft even an Essex class carrier is overkill. Even if you have the resources to operate and crew the bigger carrier why would want to when you can't use the extra capacity. Just because you afford something doesn't mean you should spend the money. Follow up to the WWI Netherlands question. Given that any blockade will be somewhat porous would Germany been better not invading the Netherlands in WWII. I doubt leaving the Dutch alone would have had any effect on outcome of the 1940 campaign
With hindsight, leaving the Netherlands might have made sense. But, having a neutral territory on the flank of their advance into France would be a significant risk, and they rightly saw that as the Allies had considerations to violate Dutch neutrality to flank the Germans. Further, Germany was betting on a short, swift war and, at the time, they had supplies coming in from the East. So getting a trickle through the Netherlands was not a real consideration.
@88porpoise They faced the same risk in 1914 when the threat was probably just as high. The British and French were fully committed and did not have forces to flank then through the Nethetlands. Those forces were committed to Norway. Given the German plan counted on Allied move into the liw countries to make the Ardennes focus successful, a move into the Netherlands would be playing into the German's hands.
@@johnshepherd9676 The political situations Nd strategic expectations of an army in 1914 were very different than 1939. And even if it pulls more Allied forces from the Ardennes, if they can sweep around German forces and cut off their supply lines, Germany is going to have big problems. Not to mention, if their offensive gets stopped. And, again, any supplies from the Netherlands are irrelevant until the Germans invade the Soviet Union.
@88porpoise The Germans had sufficient forces in Belgium to deal with any Allied incursion into the Netherlands. Indeed, the Germans thought the war would be short. How did that work out from them? Germany was short of critical materials and a neutral Netherlands would have been a good conduit for low volume/high value items.
@@johnshepherd9676 That is using hindsight. I would also add that if the concern was about ability to import through neutral countries, on May 10 1940, Germany had Italy, Yugoslavia, Romania, Soviet Union, and (via the Baltic) Finland and Sweden. After the fall of France they then had Spain which was much friendlier to Germany than the Dutch government was. So they didn't lose access to neutral neighbours until the war was definitely lost.
Or wait for it to mature properly before drinking it. Historical IPA was *supposed* to mature long enough for the bitterness to mellow considerably during the voyage.
@@beargillium2369 No, drinkers were not expected to water-down historical IPAs. The only mixing that was somewhat common was to mix IPA or other “stock” beers (i.e. aged beers) with “mild” beer (i.e. fresh, un-aged beers). That wasn’t really a thing in India or other overseas locations where fresh beer was not available, so it was something that really only happened in Britain.
thank you for dissing ipa. it’s *awful* the one that starts with J. it’s not unpronounceable if you take into account that every letter in romance languages is *usually* pronounced, if only fleetingly. so... Zhware-a-gooey-bay-ree and though that looks like a despicable thing to do to one's speaking parts, a few kicks at the can and it fairly roll off the tongue...teehee
German where!?! Why are you saying please? Oooohhhh. Bitter. I thought all English beer was horrific bitterness. If I learned anything from 2nd pacific squadron its have vodka and those super fun cigarettes. Mmm. Sorry what was I saying? Mmm. Smoking. My favourite flower in my favourite vegetable.
Somehow it’s become almost the only thing that small breweries here in the United States will brew nowadays. Somebody must be buying it. I don’t mind it occasionally but frankly I don’t understand why people aren’t sick of the stuff. So many other styles to try!
Demark Strait was in the Atlantic. The Hood is parked there, in the general area. The POW nearly joined her at the bottom, but would rather get pounded by Japanese G3 bombers off Malaya.
I think he already has? Basically: A) If Denmark Strait happened *as it did,* and then _Bismarck_ eluded her pursuers completely, she would still have been hampered by the damage from the _PoW._ The worst effect would not have been “leaking oil trail making her easier to find from the air” because those tanks would have gone empty pretty quickly and not been refilled. Rather, her damaged bow reduced her speed, and the loss of fuel storage reduced her range and required much more frequent refueling. Together, they impaired perhaps her greatest asset: operational mobility. The KM’s network for resupply ships was already being compromised by the RN, and losing even one of these vessels could well have forced Lutjens to head back to Europe. B) If the action at Denmark Strait *did not* result in _Bismarck_ being damaged, even though she would have remained highly mobile she would still face the issue of range / time being needing to refuel. Her propulsion system was _much less_ efficient in combat conditions than her designers had foreseen, and combined with RN success against the resupply ship network would have forced Lutjens to return to Europe. Even if her resupply network were not compromised, she would still face the same restrictions as any surface commerce raider: detecting targets in a region that the RN would actively steer targets away from. This had already affected Operation “Berlin,” the raiding cruise of _Scharnhorst_ and _Gneisenau,_ which Lutjens had commanded. So, let’s assume Bismarck gets into the North Atlantic without serious damage, and is able to steal around for 3, maybe as many as 6, weeks before needing to head for Europe. The RN would have had all that time to marshal ships throughout the area _Bismarck_ would *have to cross* to get home, and the KM would have had little ability to counter - _Scharnhorst_ and _Gneisenau_ were stuck in Brest, _Hipper_ was recovering from damage, and _Scheer_ was just finishing a refit. None of these ships would have been able to sortie in an attempt to distract the RN
I wish you’d speak about jazz bands like you’ve done episodes on ice cream. They do that with jazz bands to this day and poor Glenn Miller. I just saw a band under a turret last July 4. So awesome. Besides signals can you elaborate on the jazz bands on carriers and battleships
Some people watch soaps, Some people watch sportsball, i listen to military podcasts, Drydock to me has now become almost ritual
Well Done ..! 👍
@@stephenrickstrew7237 maybe we should organise a support group
I love my auto racing ( not NASCAR ), but if a Drach video drops during a race, I watch Drach
@@bull614 Priorities
I have taiji class on Sundays. It takes just about 30 minutes both ways. Every Sunday I listen to the first half on the way and the second half on the way back.
Drac needs to have a line of shirts with "however " printed on them.
His very own "just one more thing". ^^
How about "et cetera, et cetera"...
no but also yes
I would buy that
Well done per usual Drach. Thanks especially for the look at/explanation of the French "pre-dreadnaught" battleships. At first glance it's hard to believe those were actually produced. I plan to make some time to learn more about those "white elephants". Thanks again.
19/20th Century sailors drinking IPA: "I hate this. It is revolting!"
Bartender: "More?"
Sailors: "Yes, please."
Drink your prune juice. 😉 🖖
Sailors in the age of sail were more than happy to drink grog - navy rum cut with hot water. Given that prisoners in jail routinely ferment 'pruno' from just about anything containing sugar, I doubt that someone on a long cruise would turn up their nose at IPA. That being said, props to the Navy for going all-in and building an ocean-going brewery.
Alternative set of words:
Barman "Sorry we've only got IPA"
Sailor "Has it got alcohol?"
Barman "Yes, more than ordinary beer"
Sailor "I'll have more then"
@@CAP198462okay Guinan.
@@18robsmithsounds like Data at ten forward.
I love-hate how more and more of the questions come from people who haven't thought about their question at all
An oiler keeps the ships running.
A beerer keeps the sailors running.
Don't you mean 'A brewer keeps the sailors running...to the toilets?
You are badly mistaken on the relative bitterness of historical vs. current IPAs. While historical IPAs were heavily hopped and very bitter when fresh or relatively young, they were not intended to be consumed in that state. Indeed, historical IPA was aged for many months both in England and in transit through multiple climate zones before it was consumed overseas. This mellowed it from what was considered to be undrinkably bitter when young to what was widely held to be a very pleasant product when mature. In contrast, IPA brewers and consumers are now usually ahistorically obsessed with fresh hop flavors and drinking IPAs very young. That means current IPAs can be intensely bitter, fruity, floral, etc. depending on the hops used.
Very interesting. People nowadays often forget the long tranport and storage times that used to be involved in the movement of goods.
I'm not surprised that this also applied to IPAs. Indeed, I would like to volunteer to do research on this topic.
Actually, I have already started.
57:52 This makes me want to see a new netflix show starring Drach as a snarky used warship salesman.
Only sailed on Sundays by a little old lady for shore bombardments.
Slaps flight deck of aircraft carrier: "This bad boy can fit so many planes in it"
Instead of Lord of War the film would be Lord of the High Seas.
"They are speed holes. They make the ship go faster"
The photo you show is of the SS Munra an EFT 1001 design built in Astoria Oregon. The ships, known as Ferris Steamers after their designer, were 3500 tons and 281 feet long of all wood planking on sawn frames built of pine on the east coast and Douglas fir on the west. Just over 200 EFT 1001s were built or under construction on the West Coast at the time the war ended. The war ended a year earlier than expected so most of the ships never saw service being were sold off for scrap within a year of the wars end. There is a picture of surplus ships anchored in Seattle's Lake Union referred to as Wilson's Woodrow a pun on what was seen as a boondoggle on the part of the Wilson administration. Similar yard specific ships were also built on the West Coast with most sharing a similar fate. The remains of an EFT sit being overtake by trees growing out of it's rotting hulk in Knappton Cove across the Columbia from Astoria where it was launched in a partially completed state in order to clear the ways at the end of the war..
It has taken me 3.5 years to catch up with all the episodes of drydock. It is surprising that there is one topic/ship which you have not covered at all. Maybe just mentioned adjacently in passing in drydock ep.223 pt.2 at 1:07:29 and ep.253 pt.1 at 2:20:21. There is an excellent documentary covering the greatest warship ever, maybe one could say even super ship. In that documentary (Iron Sky, 2012) there is shown, how Bismarck did not sink (nothing built by Germany could be ever sunk), but actually, when the kingston valves were opened, the ship rejected the water so forcefully (they had to let some extra air in from the top) that Bismarck was lifted straight out of the water and was steered high up into heavens. They ended up actually on the far side of the moon, where the ship rests to this very day. There is also another documentary, U-DLXXI (from 2000) with some original footage, taken through a periscope and original audio snippets recorded through hydrophones, as the Bismarck was leaving the atmosphere. So, when will you be visiting the forementioned museum super-ship on the far side of the moon?
ROTFLMAO 😂
Bravo. You should apply for a Naval Professor position if you retained half that knowledge.
He's that good.
That is exactly the kind of stories for podcasts that Drac was listening to on the London trains back when he was an civil engineer. Kool stories sure. But so many believed it true that Drac decided to make this channel. And his get it right attitude now gets him invited to Navy academys as a moderator. Fly drones on US Navy ship yards. His integrity has made all that possible. I can see a time in the future that as part of the December 7th memorial Drac with the permission of the US Navy fly a drone on the flight path of the Japanese on that day.
Please do not feed the Bismarck fanbois.
Some key points about Savo Island:
1) The Japanese launched seaplanes from their cruisers. These reported three cruisers ahead, then the Japanese spotted USN Blue, slowed down to hide their wakes and sneak by, then they accelerated to 30 knots combat speed to engage the cruisers. The Allied ships were going 10 knots which made them sitting ducks - and they could not accelerate quickly to combat speed. There isn't much info out there on cruiser acceleration but I'd estimate at least 10 minutes would be required - and that is an eternity under fire at close range. _Speed is life for warships in a close range night action once they have been spotted by the enemy_
2) Allied ships were highlighted by a burning merchant vessel (attacked by Japanese air earlier in the day and still burning) and also by flares dropped by Japanese night-flying seaplanes. In particular both Chicago and Canberra were highlighted at about 1:43. This made them easy targets. Both Chicago and Canberra would start responding at this time as a direct result of being highlighted, but by that point it was far too late. Most people fail to understand just how quickly things were happening during this battle - highlighted and visible to the enemy, Canberra would be out of the battle a mere 3 minutes after going to action stations. _Not being seen is a key to survival in these night actions_
3) The second group of cruisers saw lights and even heard gunfire, and at least one person even felt what he later realized were explosions transmitted through the water, but many (most? all?) of the people involved assumed it was shore bombardment to support the landings that they just hadn't been told about. This created enough confusion and hesitation to slow down their response to the presence of an actual enemy. _People with no battle experience in a particular domain (such as night surface combat) will always be slow to recognize the signs of danger - and need extra time to get ready for it_
4) The Allied forces were extremely fatigued from going to general quarters/actions stations for many air attacks during the day. They needed to work out procedures to allow at least the cruiser crews to be fresh at night. _Tired people make bad decisions, respond slowly to change and signs of danger, and need extra time to get ready_
5) The USN ships were extremely vulnerable to fires due since they hadn't prepared for a night action. Float plane hangers, gasoline, munitions were all sources of vulnerability. Ships with fires burning are easy targets at night. _Not being seen is a key to survival in these night actions_
6) The Japanese were using Savo Island to shield themselves from sight - black ships might cast a silhouette against the night sky, but they cast no silhouettes against a backdrop of a black mountainous island. This will also potentially shield them from the relatively primitive radar sets available, depending upon the relative locations of the ships involved. You might get no detection or only a partial detection - and with US destroyers in the vicinity, a failure to see the full formation could easily be misinterpreted. _Not being seen is a key to survival in these night actions_
So there are a lot of things that need to be fixed and/or have to go right if the Allied force is going to have a better outcome. For HMAS Australia and Crutchley to make a difference, the Allied force needs 10-15 minutes warning to think through what they are seeing, get to action stations/general quarters and get to combat speed. Given how close the Japanese force was to Savo Island, the primitive nature of the available radar, and the presence of Allied destroyers in front of the cruisers to create confusion regarding the identity of contacts this is going to be tricky. Also, it's probably best to suppose Australia is not in the usual lead position, since if she is, she is going to be the initial target and that will likely limit Crutchley's ability to influence the combat (perhaps to the same 3 minutes Canberra had before being disabled).
Given the speed of the Japanese force, they are going to be at point blank range very quickly at which point any minor differences in ships are simply not going to be relevant, what is going to matter is the number and sizes of available guns and torpedoes, where the Japanese have an advantage. Worse, the spotting situation is very much against the Allied force and will only get worse as the Japanese get hits, especially on the USN ships. Note that Canberra was unable to fire her torpedoes in the very short time that she had before being crippled: it takes time to train torpedo tubes and get a solution, so having a second torpedo firing cruiser present is no guarantee that any Allied torpedoes will hit the water let alone hit any targets. Hence yet another reason to need extra warning time.
Probably the best tactic for the RN ships is to turn and run, which goes against the RN traditions, but facing superior firepower at close range is going to be a disaster. The retreat would only have to last long enough to reach the other cruiser group. However, given the speed disadvantage, trying to run is going to be really hard. Basically, the Japanese have done everything really well up to this point and it's going to be extremely difficult for the Allied force to extract itself let alone win a tactical victory. On the other hand, they already won the strategic victory ...
I will never understand people who believe beer ought not be bitter...
52:30 On the topic of blockade in the 1st World War, I listend to the audiobook version of "The Economic Weapon" by Nicholas Mulder. He's got a pretty detailed explanation of how the UK employed a huge apparatus of lets say "economical analysts" which went through various data sources from before and during the war to determine the quotas for goods neutral states were allowed to import. If I remember correctly he also claims that the UKs absolute dominance over
a) the seatrade
b) the financial markets
c) the insurance market that held it all together
was what actually enabled this blockade.
A blockade can be much more than just a line of ships somewhere in the sea.
14:35 Plywood wasn't really a thing in WW1 except for aircraft, because it was pre phenol-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins, so the types of glue you really don't want to immerse in any water, aircraft although exposed to weather were regularly maintained almost on an hourly basis so well before MTBF would be a problem. There were attempts to use plywood in Germany due to shortage of quality hardwood, triple ply and five piece ply (around 60mm thickness) for manufacture of rifle stocks on Gewehr 98 type rifles, generally from the traditional hardwoods used for firearms, it did not work at all well, as once exposed to rain and trench warfare they warped, but there was marginal success in construction the very fragile none structural upper hand guards, even compared to traditional methods. Really by the 1930s when Phenol resins became a thing an advanced manufacture could have made moulded (resin re-enforced / wood flour) style materials such as the classic Bakerlite, and of course the lightweight hulls of PT boats, but still high maintenance if immersed in water.
TY for the info Steve.
The Blockade question, and answer, was a fantastic one!
it was an answer. it was not fantastic.
Thank you, wasn't taking into account that the engagement range could be greater than what artists need to fit ships into composition
Great DD Thanks Drach.
Thanks for answering my question Drach
Hops in beer acts as a preservative and prevents (or rather delays) spoiling. It also makes durable beers like IPA very bitter.
Brewers today forget that original IPAs lost a good deal of their bitterness during the long voyage from England to India. IPAs today are basically an over-hopped beer that has not been properly aged. And yet, modern “expert” beer drinkers believe they are tasting the exact same thing that was consumed in India. Technically, what they are actually drinking is a bitter ale.
Why would you wait to age it? like it's fine after a month or so, you have all the refermentation you need by that time....
@@lordbaysel3135 Aging was for two purposes. First, to prevent exploding casks or bottles in the tropics while in transit, historical IPAs were aged in vented casks in stockyards in England until primary fermentation was completed and the beer had gone very flat. Then secondary fermentation (largely dependent on brettanomyces from reused shipping casks) brought the beer into condition during transit to its final destination. Second, before aging the beer was generally considered to be undrinkably bitter, while the aged beer had mellowed to become pleasant to drink at its destination.
Historical IPAs were not all about fresh hop flavors. That is a modern anachronism.
Today’s IPAs are actually quite different from a traditional bitter ale. A traditional bitter would be served aged (“stale” in the terminology of the day), not fresh (“mild”). Today’s IPAs are best described as hop-forward, fresh ales, which would be a quite unusual style in the past.
Thanks, Drach.
My Grandfather served on HMAS AUSTRALIA in WW11, among other ships. Great to hear her mentioned in this episode.
Why not brew IPA beers for crews?
Simple, IPA's were not meant to be drunk until after they had matured long enough for much of the bitterness to mellow. That more or less coincided with the time it took for the ship carrying the maturing IPA to actually get to India.
Much of an IPA's extended shelf life was in that maturing phase, not after. It was never a beer that was meant to be drunk 'fresh' (after little maturing). A historical IPA was only extremely bitter if you consumed it BEFORE the maturing process had completed. A properly matured IPA was actually a very pleasant ale, no more bitter than any bitter ale, and often less so.
44:45 Drach, one thing I think you've forgotten to consider in the ranking of French battleships is the respective size of their wine cellars. Quite critical
thanks again Drach!
It's interesting how the navies had ships that made beer and ice cream, also won the war.
Germans pulling artillery with horses, IJN abandonment of Torpedo Alley north of New Caledonia so the submarines can innfectually supply the starving soldiers and marooned sailors on Guadalcanal.
It should have told the average soldier who realized the Allies had too much good stuff to beat. It wouldn't be a fair fight.
wrt changes in Second London, from my reading, Second London seemed to be more about the UK trying to push everyone else down to the sort of ships the UK wanted. I have read that Ark Royal was built the way she was, under the Washington limit of 27,000 tons, to maximize the number of drydocks around the empire that could accommodate her, so the treaty tried to push everyone else's carriers down to the same size. The UK had to build smaller cruisers to obtain the number of cruisers needed in the tonnage allowance available. The treaty tried to force everyone else's light cruisers down to the same size. Nothing in the earlier treaties said the UK could not build battleships with 15" or 14" guns. The French, and Italians, were perfectly happy to build 15" guns, when the treaty allowed 16". But someone in the Admiralty was pressing for 14". The decision to go 14" on the KGVs had been made before the Second London conference started. So, again, Second London was used to try to force everyone else down to the gun size the UK wanted to use. Same mindset came up when the US and UK were negotiating the displacement escalator in early 38. The UK was pushing for a 42,000 limit, as that was the maximum their facilities around the empire could accommodate. The US wanted 45,000, so the Iowas could be the ships they wanted. As we see with Lion, nothing prevented the UK building what suited it's needs, even if it was under the official limit. The consistent mindset in the UK, was to use the treaty to try to prevent anyone building anything more powerful than what the UK wanted to build. I could point out that Lord Chatfield was First Sea Lord from January 33 through September 38, so he was in a position to influence the design of the KGVs, Second London, and the negotiations for the battleship tonnage escalator.
@stevevalley7835 true, although as I mentioned in the answer, there is what the RN thought it could build to meet its needs under the budget the Treasury was offering, and what they actually wanted but couldn't afford.
@@Drachinifel I agree entirely, the UK was working within it's budget and facility constraints. President Coolidge was notorious for his reluctance to spend anything on anything, including defense. He called a naval conference in 1927, to try to use a treaty to force the RN's cruiser force to be drawn down to the cruiser force Coolidge felt like funding for the USN. The UK wasn't having it, due to the size of the empire they needed to patrol. I read of comments like "the US is trying to buy parity on the cheap". Japan threatened to withdraw from the treaty, unless they were granted parity with the US and UK. The naval treaties are fascinating, for the parties each trying to advance their own national interest, while restraining the other parties. Everyone does it. It's their job to do it. It is fascinating to watch.
Thanks Drach.
Juaréguiberry is actually the name of the Pinkberry spin-off I'm planning. It's just cups of iron filings with mescaline and brie.
1:01:45 wait, so does that mean that Drac has a riveted house 🤔? If that's the case then someone definitely needs to be counting those rivets 🙂😎🤘.
Bitterness of IPAs is kinda the point, i get that it might not be for everyone, but there are often beers with 100+ IBU, i even managed to drink one that was something around 200, but you cannot really taste the difference beyond 120.
you're supposed to reconstitute it with local water to make regular pale ale ...
I wish you’d speak about jazz bands like you’ve done episodes on ice cream. They do that with jazz bands to this day and poor Glenn Miller. I just saw a band under a turret last July 4. So awesome. Besides signals can you elaborate on the jazz bands on carriers and battleships
RE: The WW1 blockade of Germany - in your view how effective was it? I have previously been told that it was essential to bring the Germans to the table for peace talks, by causing famine and throttling production but recently, some historians have put the blame of famine and industrial shortage on German incompetence such as too wide conscription and taking too many farm horses.
While proper allocation of resources likely would have greatly reduced the impact of the blockade (and proper, proactive, management of resources can make a massive difference as can be seen by the food situation in Britain in WWI and WWII), with access to international markets the impacts of and mismanagement of resources could have been mitigated. Poor management of resources would not have made the blockade unimportant, it would have amplified its effects.
Also the idea that they should have left more horses and men to work the farm also needs to consider how the loss of those resources would impact the army.
Recent IPAs here in the United States have been getting more and more bitter. There seems to be an I-dare-you aspect to them nowadays. Also, they’ve gotten way more popular than I could have imagined thirty or more years ago when I tried my first ones: it’s hard to get anything else from the smaller regional breweries here!
The IBU wars ended like 6-7 years ago. Challenge IPAs have pretty much dropped off the map.
Your local micro breweries are way behind the times if grass clipping IPAs are all you can find.
@@j-uw8gxI haven’t followed developments closely of late as due to diabetes I am consuming a lot less beer. Either I’m behind the times or here in Florida there has been a bit of a delay in evolution. Maybe both?
You guys may know more but from my brief visits to California, micro-brewery beer that I tasted took great pride in being “hopped-up” in differentiating themselves by being so bitter.
I have no doubt that had they been called by the ranking admiral the spirits of sailors from the 17th century and beyond would have come back to serve after hearing of HMS Menestheus
08:14 Thank you Drach!
Have you featured the US Coast Guard Treasury class cutters, which served so well in the North Atlantic campaign?
01:02:20 - We must consider if the Marine Nationale and gone over to the Axis it was not just the real impact that could make (given the lack of fuel) but also the potential impact of the Nazis or the Italians Navy having those ships. British and Allied planners would have consider the potential impact those ships could make. After all, look at all the attention paid to Tirpitz and she was basically a floating AA battery for much of the war.
You keep mentioning the greater USN manpower demands compared to other navies, but WHY were they so much more demanding in the first place?
I seem to recall a greater emphasis upon DC in the USN, and the more bodies the better when it comes to that, but what other reasons were there for the drastic difference?
One of the big ones for WW2 was the high pressure steam plants needed more care and maintenance, which meant USN ships engineering complements were considerably larger.
Another part later in the war is AA choices, a pair of quad Bofors or four twin Bofors need a lot more crew than an actual pom pom for instance.
@Drachinifel and what it came to something like CVV?
Which one of the builders for the Charles Martel quote-class-unquote ships was the most experienced in building modern capital ships? because I always was under impression it was atelier responsible for Jauréguiberry.
Thanks for answering my question!
How many canons did the Carnot carry? Looks like it would have a huge broadside.
hey man, i don't know if you'll see this but I've not been getting your vids recommended for a while now, I can only find you when i search your channel,
and not a specific video.
i had to search your channel, go to your main page, and manually find several videos i wanted to rewatch, idk what is going on, i just wanted to mention it to you.
the videos i searched for where samar, and both videos you did on the Japanese zero.
Smaller wooden ship also be built on or near the Mississippi River not just on the East or West coast.
Didn t built Finland a lot of wooden cargoships for CCCR after ww2 - reperations , i think?
@@alexzenz760sounds about right. That's messed up. You get invade then after the War you have to pay damages. That is like someone brakes in your home gets hurt then the court tells you you have to pay the medical bills of the robber.
@@GrantWaller.-hf6jnExcept Finland started the Continuation War by invading the Soviet Union as an ally of the Nazis.
2:00 To me, even today's IPA tastes like it's been goat-filtered, can't imagine how bad that must have been.
Drach, how would modern naval weapons (guns torpedos and anti ship missiles) do against WW1 and WW2 era ships and vice versa assuming accurate fire is delivered?
During the discussions of Guadalcanal (and to some extent the other parts of island-hopping) I keep wondering why some kind of transportable radar station was not in the plans. If something containerised could have been dragged halfway up the north-west slope of Savo Island, it would have been able to give 24-hour warning. Obviously, that's a volcanic slope, but there should have been somewhere viable.
An SCR270 radar was delivered to Guadalcanal at some point during the campaign and installed near Henderson Field. This is the same kind of air search radar as detected the Pearl Harbor raid. I would be very concerned about keeping a site on Savo supplied with fuel for the electrical generators, even if a suitable surface search radar was available.
@@kemarisite I had a quick look and the SCR-270 is a very plausible candidate, but that was for early-warning of aircraft. It *does* show that someone was at least *thinking* about radar defences, though. Fuel - well, yeah. But as it turns out, the investment would definitely have been worth it.
@@onenote6619 270, not 720. That's according to Richard Frank in his book on the Guadalcanal campaign.
@@kemarisite Yes. I recognised that error and edited it. But, even so, the SCR-270 was an air-search radar. If it had been installed on Henderson Field, it would likely have been a) Quickly destroyed, and b) Useless against ships coming from the north-west. I can only assume that the Navy said: 'We have lots of ships equipped with radar' and went no further - not knowing as we do, with 20-20 hindsight, that radar on board ships are surrounded by reflective metal and have gigantic blind spots. Drachinifel's videos show just how flawed the 'radar picket ship' concept was at this stage in the war. My original point was: 'What if?'.
I'd say a better answer would be, it wasn't in the plans because everything was being done frantically and at the last minute in response to a completely unexpected Coastwatcher message. They had to put together an operation on a shoestring with far too much 'nice to have' or 'really useful' stuff still in the logistics pipeline. This is ultimately why so many mistakes were made - but as it turned out, the Allied mistakes were ones they could afford to make, while the Japanese could not.
IPA of the old days just reinforces the old British slang: A pint of bitter please.
IPA and bitter are not the same. Bitter is generally quite hoppy, but a "normal" strength, while IPA is lower on the hops but higher strength brew.
@@18robsmith IPA is traditonally overhopped to conceal the fact the beer spoiling during the slow voyage to India, hence the hoppiness of IPAs...
@@samsmith2635 Hops are literally preventing spoilage
That is not slang. Bitter is a TYPE of beer, its not slang for a beer. Any half decent look at the pumps in a British Pub will show you that.
i wonder if The Dutch Navy ever considered replacing our Karel Doorman ( the 2nd..) with a CVV or equal. We could, but never build our own carrier. I know the cost-cuts by politics doomed it, but what did the Navy wanted. ? Also, do you have any plans to visit Malta and make a episode about the raid on Valetta by the Regia Marina on 26 July 1941 ?
@ 43:45
Mon Capitaine! We are under attack by a dastardly enemy.
Mon Dieu, lieutenat, you are right. Quickly. Draw the curtains.
Note to self: cancel plans to show up at Drach's house to complain about his count of rivets in the next "Guide" episode.
Hazard to sleep warning - Patreon Drydock livestream ahead 🙂
Drach is the goat
2:00 Honestly, some of the Micro Brewery IPA crap in the US and Canada sure as hell tires to get horrifically Bitter. Don't know if its close to the original but sure seems like they are trying their level best to make it taste bad.
Modern IPA's are not the same as historical. Modern IPA's are basically fresh beers, they are not aged for very long before being consumed.
Historical IPA's were aged for a considerable period and were not drunk until AFTER that ageing. Ironically that ageing reduced the bitterness and hoppiness very considerably, so a properly aged historical IPA was very pleasant to drink. It's only if its drunk 'fresh' that its very, very bitter.
So those really bitter modern IPA's are trying to get the taste of historical IPA's in a condition they were historically regarded as undrinkable and not ready to be drunk! They are forgetting that those beers are SUPPOSED to be aged long enough for the bitterness to be mellowed....
FINALLY Our Government Actually Purchasing Something Useful ~ ~ " I'll Drink To That ~
43:15 My eyes!
never thought of it before, but the word Chicago, actually sounds Japanese when you say it , is that just me
I.e i thought Drach was talking about a Japanese ship for a second zhi, car, go
I had to listen twice to be sure he had not said “Chikuma.”
Airwing size is another factor working against the acquisition of larger American carriers in the post war period.. If you can only afford 40-50 aircraft even an Essex class carrier is overkill. Even if you have the resources to operate and crew the bigger carrier why would want to when you can't use the extra capacity. Just because you afford something doesn't mean you should spend the money.
Follow up to the WWI Netherlands question. Given that any blockade will be somewhat porous would Germany been better not invading the Netherlands in WWII. I doubt leaving the Dutch alone would have had any effect on outcome of the 1940 campaign
With hindsight, leaving the Netherlands might have made sense. But, having a neutral territory on the flank of their advance into France would be a significant risk, and they rightly saw that as the Allies had considerations to violate Dutch neutrality to flank the Germans.
Further, Germany was betting on a short, swift war and, at the time, they had supplies coming in from the East. So getting a trickle through the Netherlands was not a real consideration.
@88porpoise They faced the same risk in 1914 when the threat was probably just as high. The British and French were fully committed and did not have forces to flank then through the Nethetlands. Those forces were committed to Norway. Given the German plan counted on Allied move into the liw countries to make the Ardennes focus successful, a move into the Netherlands would be playing into the German's hands.
@@johnshepherd9676 The political situations Nd strategic expectations of an army in 1914 were very different than 1939.
And even if it pulls more Allied forces from the Ardennes, if they can sweep around German forces and cut off their supply lines, Germany is going to have big problems. Not to mention, if their offensive gets stopped.
And, again, any supplies from the Netherlands are irrelevant until the Germans invade the Soviet Union.
@88porpoise The Germans had sufficient forces in Belgium to deal with any Allied incursion into the Netherlands. Indeed, the Germans thought the war would be short. How did that work out from them? Germany was short of critical materials and a neutral Netherlands would have been a good conduit for low volume/high value items.
@@johnshepherd9676 That is using hindsight.
I would also add that if the concern was about ability to import through neutral countries, on May 10 1940, Germany had Italy, Yugoslavia, Romania, Soviet Union, and (via the Baltic) Finland and Sweden. After the fall of France they then had Spain which was much friendlier to Germany than the Dutch government was. So they didn't lose access to neutral neighbours until the war was definitely lost.
Could you tell me how I submit a question? Thanks.
I believe that Drach has a "pinned" comment in his videos, which is where you can post your question, as a reply.
you're supposed to add local water back into IPA..
Or wait for it to mature properly before drinking it. Historical IPA was *supposed* to mature long enough for the bitterness to mellow considerably during the voyage.
@@beargillium2369 No, drinkers were not expected to water-down historical IPAs. The only mixing that was somewhat common was to mix IPA or other “stock” beers (i.e. aged beers) with “mild” beer (i.e. fresh, un-aged beers). That wasn’t really a thing in India or other overseas locations where fresh beer was not available, so it was something that really only happened in Britain.
I don't understand the meaning of " to be on the wrong side of the EIC"
I'm confused about the tea, microwaves didn't exist yet so it was made how exactly?
Pinned post for Q & A.
because I think drach forgot to pin himself this time
thank you for dissing ipa. it’s *awful*
the one that starts with J. it’s not unpronounceable if you take into account
that every letter in romance languages is *usually* pronounced, if only fleetingly.
so...
Zhware-a-gooey-bay-ree
and though that looks like a despicable thing to do to one's speaking parts,
a few kicks at the can and it fairly roll off the tongue...teehee
Drydock 322. Just think, in 11 weeks it will be 333! Halfway to 666!!
All fear the Devil’s Drydock…
Half brother to a beast of a drydock?😁
German where!?! Why are you saying please? Oooohhhh. Bitter. I thought all English beer was horrific bitterness. If I learned anything from 2nd pacific squadron its have vodka and those super fun cigarettes. Mmm. Sorry what was I saying? Mmm. Smoking. My favourite flower in my favourite vegetable.
:)
Stick it, Harris.
IPA remains disgusting.
Somehow it’s become almost the only thing that small breweries here in the United States will brew nowadays. Somebody must be buying it. I don’t mind it occasionally but frankly I don’t understand why people aren’t sick of the stuff. So many other styles to try!
@@markiangooley I've read it described as the "guys' version of Pumpkin Spice."
Some IPA is quite good. Some are less bitter and more drinkable. Alexander Keith's India Pale Ale is quite good as is Fat Tug IPA.
38th, 3 November 2024
Probably because sailors preferred to drink their own urine before IPA hence it lasted longer
IPA's still suck and so do the people who pretend to like them.
IPA is foul stuff.
dAY 105 please could you dry dock on what if the Bismarck broke into the Atlantic
Demark Strait was in the Atlantic.
The Hood is parked there, in the general area. The POW nearly joined her at the bottom, but would rather get pounded by Japanese G3 bombers off Malaya.
I think he already has?
Basically:
A) If Denmark Strait happened *as it did,* and then _Bismarck_ eluded her pursuers completely, she would still have been hampered by the damage from the _PoW._
The worst effect would not have been “leaking oil trail making her easier to find from the air” because those tanks would have gone empty pretty quickly and not been refilled.
Rather, her damaged bow reduced her speed, and the loss of fuel storage reduced her range and required much more frequent refueling. Together, they impaired perhaps her greatest asset: operational mobility. The KM’s network for resupply ships was already being compromised by the RN, and losing even one of these vessels could well have forced Lutjens to head back to Europe.
B) If the action at Denmark Strait *did not* result in _Bismarck_ being damaged, even though she would have remained highly mobile she would still face the issue of range / time being needing to refuel. Her propulsion system was _much less_ efficient in combat conditions than her designers had foreseen, and combined with RN success against the resupply ship network would have forced Lutjens to return to Europe.
Even if her resupply network were not compromised, she would still face the same restrictions as any surface commerce raider: detecting targets in a region that the RN would actively steer targets away from. This had already affected Operation “Berlin,” the raiding cruise of _Scharnhorst_ and _Gneisenau,_ which Lutjens had commanded.
So, let’s assume Bismarck gets into the North Atlantic without serious damage, and is able to steal around for 3, maybe as many as 6, weeks before needing to head for Europe.
The RN would have had all that time to marshal ships throughout the area _Bismarck_ would *have to cross* to get home, and the KM would have had little ability to counter - _Scharnhorst_ and _Gneisenau_ were stuck in Brest, _Hipper_ was recovering from damage, and _Scheer_ was just finishing a refit. None of these ships would have been able to sortie in an attempt to distract the RN
Slay drach
woo hoo got in after only 39 seconds
well played !!!
I wish you’d speak about jazz bands like you’ve done episodes on ice cream. They do that with jazz bands to this day and poor Glenn Miller. I just saw a band under a turret last July 4. So awesome. Besides signals can you elaborate on the jazz bands on carriers and battleships