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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 4 ส.ค. 2019
- High detail 3d animations and explanations of the inner workings of Chornobyl nuclear power station. Showing why it was so vulnerable to blowing itself up and how it was different from western reactors.
Illustrated here are:
The absence a reactor pressure vessel and containment structure.
A size comparison with the Fukushima reactor and its containment layers.
The uranium fuel assemblies and graphite bricks.
The control room location.
Close up views of the explosion crater with the reactor lid nicknamed "Elena" shown flying through the air.
The temporary radiation shield "sarcophagus" and the final permanent confinement arch.
Chernobyl was a nuclear power station in Ukraine, Soviet Union. Its reactor blew up on Saturday 26 April 1986 at 1:23 am.
Music by Borrtex tracks 1.Realization 2.Universe 3.Changing
Footage used in this video with permission:
Thanks to Neil for allowing use of footage Pripyat and Control room • Chernobyl Drone Tour 2019
Footage of the ferris wheel operating. See 6:48 :
• "Незабываемое" М. Наз...
Very useful drawing resources:
Thank you to Ilya Fedoseev for his 3d Model of the entire power station grabcad.com/library/chernobyl...
Thanks to Barty Millar for models of the reactor hall
rbmk1ooo
#Chernobyl #RBMK #ChernobylHBO #NuclearPower - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Clearly there are some people in the comments who received their doctors degree from the university of HBO
Take Anant to the infirmary, they're delusional.
Its the shock, take them to the infirmary
Hi don't mock my HBO degree. I bought it preowened for £10 and it came with my lectures in TV format.
Can tell if ur being sarcastic or not
we had fatilty in gas powered plant due to incorrect isolation do i have to blam the system. i have seen HBO movie their are a lot of misinformation. i believe that something else was going on that is not shown to the public. u don't think that those operators are unaware of such huge danger. we nurmally called power plant action as turtle action due to high sensitivity.
"This city is impregnable" -Babylon, 539 BCE
"This ship cannot sink" -Titanic, 1912
"This reactor cannot explode" -Chernobyl, 1986
I'm starting to notice a pattern here
"I have the best words" - D J Trump 2017
"There is no war in Ba sing Se" - the 14th episode of the 2nd season of ATLA
"The virus will die out soon." -Coronavirus, 2020
@@SoldierBoy8686 ain't dead yet or even close
laogai
The 3d modeling is fucking phenomenal
Thanks 😊 ... then you won’t be dissapointed by my future modelling. It does take time though. Wish I could do this fulltime 😀
I was just randomly on a Chernobyl “kick,” if you wanna call it that, and was just thinking “man, I wish there was a really good cutaway 3D model describing the location and the systems ‘under the curtain’ “, and then this popped up. It was EXACTLY what I was looking for, and then some. Thank you, and wonderful job!
Microchip planted by Bill Gates in your head put this in your recomendations lol
Incredible animations! Perfect for those with a technical mindset that want more detail that what is currently easily available!!!
Hey Karl Satchell glad the effort is appreciated 👍
@@Mike-Bell It IS!
shut the fuck up
Thank you! Exactly! I love they people out there that make youtube videos like this. So much detail and info to ease my wandering mind. Even tho some things fall outside my understanding, I am so thankful that someone can break it down to me in their own way, and just leave me with little something to ponder
Technical mindset? What's that?
Iam sorry, guys.
LMAO
that is fine everyone make a mistake.
Not good not terrible
Way
Anatoly Stepanovich Dyatlov Don't worry there's 3.6 rotgens, like a chest x-ray, not great not terrible
rest in peace to all the heros going in there and make the world a safer place
That three fireman who leaked radioactive water and saved World from other explosion from lava room up
They died like pigs lmao
@@oliwiermiekus those weren't firefighters.....
@@oliwiermiekus they where soldiers
@@precisionhaze6594 Are you trolling, or a professional idiot?
At 7:48, you see those white flashes in the film... well, that is the radiation being recorded by the film of the camera...
Is that true? If so Radiation moves up in my list if creepy things
@@marisjanelsins1563 Yes! If you look for photage of the elephant's foot, you'll see a lot more of the white dots and Lin's because of the massive amount of radiation coming from it
@@marisjanelsins1563 in the end, what "colors" film is photons hitting crystals on the film. Gamma radiation is energy emitted as photons, so it's not really a surprise film is sensitive to Radioactive radiation.
Although I agree that radioactive radiation is creepy, especially with gamma radiation, as, because of it being photons, you can't really protect yourself from it.
Is this case, the white specs are probably snow seeing as it was snowy, but yes, high energy particles will affect cameras.
Thunderf00t has a fascinating video in which he puts an iPhone in the path of a neutron beam while recording.
Lots of white streaks and dots
@@fungdark8270 just to be clear though, photons are not particles. That is what makes gamma radiation so hard to protect from.
Beautiful. My dad worked for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission here in the US when this happened. I was 16 at the time & it’s all he talked about for a good while.
I think you are mistaken comrade. RBMK reactors don’t explode.
This man is delusional. Send him to the infirmary.
They shouldn't explode if all safety norms, regulations & measures are appropriately & strictly taken.
Yes they can
@@EuropeanAirsoft they didn't... After many many mistakes, and a incredible 3 GIGAWATTSS of power output, it blew up. BWR, PWR, Fast Breed Reactors, Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors, wich one can take, on average... 25% of maximum output power peak? And hold? Befores it reaches 20% of safety margin, it's already gone. The truth about Chernobyl? Well... Dyatlov died with it.
Explain how a RBMK reactor explodes. You can't!! Disgraceful.
The 3D models are incredibly detailed and have helped me understand what happened. Thanks for your efforts in producing this.
This is, without exaggeration, one of the best pictorial and schematic on TH-cam on the Chernobyl topic
Easy to understand and very well illustrated. Answered a few of my questions as well on the basic design. Loved the panning shot where you showed the before and after at 4:42. Impressive.
I’m really glad you appreciate the underlay of the reactor hall floor and steam separator tank in the rubble. I thought that was very useful to understand how the exposion rubble piled up 👍
mrmattandmrchay Hay it’s you! I’m one of your subscribers lol! I didn’t knew you where into Chernobyl’s history!
@@EmeraldEyedBabyBee I went there about 3 years ago, made a series of videos on the elevators in the old buildings :)
From the visuals its funny to think that the reactor was located and the explosion happened next to and ABOVE the staff in the control room. Seeing people walk on the reactor lid I automatically assumed that the actual reactor is underground.
I also thought it was underground. Crazy to think the control room was so close though
It was cheaper to build up. Excavation into the ground wouldve been both expensive and annoying.
I seen jojo and mista was right 4 is the bad number
you saw people walk on the reactor lid?!?! Is there a video of this?
@@tanman. Reactors 1 2 & 3 reactor lids were relatively safe to be near for short periods, and due to soviet design. The actual reactor was not encased in a steel frame.
Anyone else blown away by the fact that they still ran the plant like 20 years after the first explosion.... thats crazy..
I finally know how far the control room is from the reactor.
This is by far the the best animation and explaination I've seen thus far regarding Chernobyl. Great job and thanks for sharing.
Thanks TR. Its nice to hear my efforts are appreciated and are helpful. When I coulndt find the visual detail I was interested in on the internet I decided to generate it myself and share it for other likemnided viewers.
“50,000 people used to live here, now it’s a ghost town”
And yet still zakaev goes there to deal arms
And for 40k years it is barren
@@vishah3896 yeah in zakaev's mind,he thought that if he ever got his arm shot off he would grow another one because he was in chernobyl😂
@@sagarock5528 great one mate! 😆😆😆😆👍👍👍👍
@foxo pirkl mcmilan! Best one mate
I lived in Moldova near Ucraine and Mom used to say that something awful happened! Watched many videos to understand what actually happened but only with your video I got an idea cause its explained for normal simple people ! Thank you!
Many don't realize that Chernobyl is in the Ukraine, and that Belarus as well as Ukraine, not to mention all the countries which were also irradiated by fallout, were damaged for centuries. Ukraine was considered the "breadbasket of the Soviet Union"...
Реакторы с инженерной точки зрения могут быть поделены по множеству принципов, например по механизмам переноса тепловой энергии из активной зоны, по построению активной зоны, по наличию защитных оболочек и так далее. Реакторы, если рассуждать с инженерной точки зрения могут быть гомогенные, гетерогенные/композитные, кипящие, спокойные, одноконтурные, двухконтурные, с открытой активной зоной, с закрытой, водяные, водо-водяные, кипящие водо-водяные, канальные, с металлическим теплоносителем, на быстрых нейтронах и так далее. Не бывает "Западных" реакторов и "Восточных" реакторов. Технические особенности определенных конструкций всегда имеют определенные плюсы и минусы. Если вы обсуждаете механизм, инженерный продукт, но при этом вместо фактов начинаете рассуждать о том, что он плох просто по стране происхождения - Восток или Запад, то вы занимаетесь пропагандой.
Я согласен. Я очень серьезно отношусь к таким комментариям, как ваш и от других. Я работаю над ремейком этого видео, удаляя неточности и политический комментарий. Это отвлекает от видео. В ремейке также будет дополнительное моделирование.
I agree with you. I take comments like yours and from others seriuosly. I am working on a remake of this video removing the inaccuracies and the political commentary. It detracts from the video. The remake will also have additional modelling.
@@Mike-Bell тогда стоит напомнить неискушённому зрителю, что хотя поводом для аварии на "западной" электростанции в фукусиме стало цунами, причины были те же - ошибки конструкторов и неадекватные действия персонала.
@@Mike-Bell когда видео выйдет ?
@@shynodaa Видео с объяснением воздействия кнопки АЗ-5 займет еще около 6 недель. The video explaining the impact of the AZ-5 button will take about 6 more weeks.
@@user-ek5uv9dv2q Да, я объясню это. Нет такого понятия, как "западные реакторы". Советы также построили реакторы на кипящей воде. Yes I will explain that. There isnt such a thing as a "western reactor" The Soviets also built boiling water reactors.
The following reactors can be re-fuelled while at power.
CANDU reactors: Pressurised heavy-water cooled and moderated, natural uranium fuel reactors of Canadian design. Operated 1947-present. (Used NON-enriched uranium), positive VC
Magnox reactors: CO2-cooled, graphite-moderated, natural uranium fuel reactors of British design. Operated 1954-2015. (Used
NON-enriched uranium)
UNGG reactors: CO2-cooled, graphite-moderated, natural uranium fuel reactors of French design. Operated 1966 - 1994. (Used
NON-enriched uranium)
AGR (Advanced gas-cooled) reactors: CO2-cooled, graphite-moderated, enriched uranium fuel reactors of British design. Operated 1976-present.
Not true. It was stated that MOST of Western Reactors can't be re-fueled online. MOST differs from ALL.
Boom
Mike Bell This was a very good video. Many others are around but they're hard to understand when they describe what actually happened. I'm not a nuclear scientist so the videos tend to run away from me. Yours was perfect.
Candu reactors can be refueled while running.
Also, the Siemens design deployed in Atucha NPP I&II, unique of his type, with online refueling and pressure vessel
Absolutely amazing animations. I couldn't even imagine how much work went into that.
1jeffr thanks, it’s good to know my effort is appreciated and can inform others.
@@Mike-Bell very appreciated. Keep going
-Bad design, to cut costs.
-Needed to do a Safety Check.
-Bypassed protocol for proper shutdown.
-Shut-Off Switch became an unintentional "Self Destruct" button.
Thank you for the visual. I watched the HBO series Chernobyl 2019 and understood the working mechanism of an RBMK reactor, somewhat. This video showed me how the fuel rods and control rods looked like and how they were arranged.
4:00 Ackchyually! Nikolai Fomin as the chief engineer was relatively inexperienced when it came to nuclear reactors, Anatoly Dyatlov on the other hand was very knowledgeable with reactors and many of his junior colleagues looked up to him, it's part of the reason why the reactor operators went along so recklessly with his instructions, "The old man knows best" was the thinking.
Dyatlov had extensive practical experience of reactors which including from the construction of the Chernobyl reactors. However his theoretical understanding of reactor physics was clearly limited especially how at low power the RBMK was extremely precarious. At full power this reactor was predictable and stable however at low power when the xenon poisoning and heat slowing effect were absent this reactor effectively had no brakes. Dyatlov didn’t understand or believe this. The Soviet Physicists knew about low power precarious nature of the RBMK and had included safety procedures to manage the risk.
@@Mike-Bell I'll take your word for it. There is a lot of contradictory statements out there, some who want to paint Nikolai Fomin as a complete buffoon who had no understanding of how a reactor worked, others that say Dyatlov was an irredeemable cunt, certainly how HBO's Chernobyl tried to portray him as well as general incompetence.
Statements made by Dyatlov's colleagues seem to contradict this picture however, at least from what I've seen. I wish I had my sources at hand but at least one of them said something to the tune of; Dyatlov knew the reactors like the back of his hand and everyone relied on him.
Another reason why I doubt the official narrative is that Akimov supposedly claimed to his death that "he did everything right" which never sounded quite right if he was a totally unwilling stooge in the drama but I've not taken the time to read the actual transcripts and to be quite honest, it was still the Soviet Union, a dead man can be sworn to have said anything.
@@abrahamedelstein4806 Dyatlov knew about xenon poisoning. You can watch his last interview, where he said that, plus on official chernobyl NPP channel, you can find alot of intervies with his collegues, that confirms, that he had realy good knowledge about reactors, even theoretical. Atleast it's all the sources i can remember right now, problably there is more, but they are mostly on russian. If i remember correctly, he doesn't know only about tips, altho Fomin can knew about it (Leningrad npp get this effect earlyer and tryed to warn other npp with RBMK about it, atleast that stated by Valentin Kupnii, that was a director of beloyarsk npp before accedent and become director of... I dunno how to translate correctly, but basicly in charge of sarcofagus). But again, this reactors was realy hard to maintain, even at high power. So there was alot of situation, there operators, in kinda similar condition (after a long working on low energy levels) just "burn" xenon by increasing power inside. It wasn't that common, but it was. So, it's easy to think and blame Dyatlov, as almost whole ussr did, but reality is so, that he wasn't more then a cog. If he didn't be there, somebody else had all the chances of making same mistakes. And that's why "system" was involved and was responsible for all this. If you know about Bhopal, it's somewhat similar situation.
@@abrahamedelstein4806 just a minute!
Dyatlov died in 1995...
USSR collapsed in 1991...
There was no USSR at then!
@@060POTEHb wait...
Just wonder how "system" should be blamed on technical issue???
Valery Legasov would be proud of this. Anatoly Dyatlov was not the chief engineer, he was deputy chief.
He was, in a nutshell, the example of why the Soviet system was a failure. Russia to this day still plays a dangerous game with nuclear.
Yeah, but he was Chief Fuckwit!!!
Valery Legasov was not such a hero as in HBO story
@@pauloconnor2980 I just did Cherynobl on the toilet. Every heard of poo-phoria? Man, its almost 30 minutes ago, it still smells and I still have goosebumps. Amazing feeling and that smell.... smell of victory. Amazing. Thank you for listening :)
@@COFFIE-in4fd really? Could you please elaborate?
The reactor had operated for 20 years prior. It had design flaws, but this was caused by negligence of Dyatlov and 2 of his techs.
The reactor was undergoing a 24 hour shut down procedure, allowing for a specific test. The test involved disconnecting one of the turbines from the reactor, as it was being wound down, and using its energy to power water pumps. The test should have been a one off, lasting only 45 seconds.
Anatoly Dyatlov (head technician on midnight shift) planned to lower output to 700 Mw, the lowest setting at which the reactor should have been operated.
But he failed to properly set it up and the output fell below 100 Mw. Instead of allowing it to shut down, he tried to bring the reactor output back up to 700 Mw, in order to perform the test.
To do this, he overrode safety systems and warnings, and ordered graphite control rods MANUALLY WITHDRAWN from the reactor.
The rods are a critical safety mechanism; if the system senses a run off reaction, it will automatically lower these rods into reactor and sap off energy output.
Sadly, he ordered the rods disconnected from the system, so that it would not interfere with his quest for more heat.
Once the positive heat loop kicked in, it kept increasing the water temperature in the reactor, in turn causing higher fission reaction, and on and on. The heat and pressure built up, until reactor 4 housing and piping exploded, propelling a 1,000-ton concrete slab above it clean off the building.
The reactor was now exposed; contaminated water and coolant were spraying everywhere.
Dyatlov was sentenced to 10 years of prison, but was released in 1991 after collapse of USSR. He tried to scape goat authorities, apparently ordering him to press on with a not so important test and jeopardize billions of dollars and national catastrophe. In reality, he was public enemy #1 and public demanded his execution. He died in 1995 from heart attack. th-cam.com/video/Cc-vvhWXL9Q/w-d-xo.html
This is important. The reactor didn't explode because it was poorly built, it exploded due to mismanagement. If the USSR hadn't been organized the way it was, and perhaps even if Dyatlov hadn't been employed there, we'd not question the safety of nuclear reactors, even if RBMK were deployed just like in Chernobyl.
@@Merthalophor definitely poorly built. An emergency shut down button that makes the reactor explode?
Excellent presentation! That 3D model and cutaways/flythrough with explanation was something else
The RBMK 1000 is massive wow .
I was 5 when this happened I remember my mother telling me about the radioactive cloud .
A British AGR completely dwarfs an RBMK. Check out the comparison image en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_II_reactor
Rob Fraser so if fucks will kill more people is that what meant to say
After watching the HBO series this was exactly what I was looking for! Trying to understand the scale and layout of the plant, your work is appreciated!
Some of my buddies back in the day got to tour a nuclear power plant in Virginia for a merit badge, and all they could say was just how incredibly massive the entire facility was inside and out (granted also how amazing it was to see certain things operating etc.) But the sheer scale of it all in consideration with the physics behind how it operates, was I guess very awe inspiring for lack of better words I suppose. One of them is now working on a nuclear sub in the Navy ironically enough.
Wow.. I’ve never seen a more easy to follow in depth explanation of what happened here 👏🏼👏🏼 this lets me know exactly what happened finally! Thank you!
50,000 people used to live here. Now it's a ghost town.
- Captain MacMillan
Alpha Six
According to pretty much everywhere, it was more than double that 😂 figures on this video is bs 😂
This has been the most technological video on youtube about this topic, appreciated your great work man
Glad you liked it!
50k ppl used to live here, now it’s a ghost town
The pool and Ferris wheel bruh. I remember that mission
@@jakelc9597 hardest mission hands down on veteran mode 1 shot 1 kill. Carrying ur partner
"... And hopefully it will retain the title of worst nuclear disaster in history." The idea that there could be something worse is terryifing.
"you couldn't have seen graphite, THERE IS NO GRAPHITE!"
finally an actual location of control room, couldnt find it on google, it seems that they sealed that entrance to control room 4 and made entrance from another path, i think maybe corridor collapsed in that part so thats why they go around to get there as seen in expedition videos
It was changed just as radiation safety measure. Long story short - 3 and 4 units shared much of same systems as ventelation and etc. And to split, somewhat safe zone of unit 3(and the control room of reactor 4), they changed the layout.
carlwillis.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/chnpp_phase_ii_map_raw2.jpg
There you can see exactly where the control room is, and what is covered by the sarcophagus.
The liquidators are heroes.
Yes, but with pathetically low pension and totally neglected by previous and current governments.
@@C2H6Cd Those are not the considerations of heroes.
@@richsackett3423 : Yes, you're perfectly right. Even for that man, who stopped the 3rd world war in 1983 by cancelling rocket attack in the Soviet Union against USA, do you know him? He got some decoration after decades. Pathetic.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Petrov
@@C2H6Cd It is truly one of the most foul injustices. You should see how we treated our American 9/11 first responder heroes. Beyond pathetic and bordering on criminal. It's bad when a TV comedian has to go to bat against the politicians for our heroes. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_arising_from_the_September_11_attacks
Even though a lot of the disaster was mitigated, winscale in Britain was one of the craziest imo. The fact that air cooled reactors was actually a thing blows my mind.
Thank you so much. Someone finally explained and showed just exactly how a rbmk reactor looks and works. I've seen a lot of explanations, and 2d graphics but you really need an in depth 3d graphic to really understand
This was absolutely beautiful; thank you for taking the time to visualize this for us.
The Chernobyl disaster has fascinated me for years. The Russian subs kursk and k19 too. Great video thanks for sharing.
This is the 2nd video I've watched that was produced by this gentleman, and he has done the best, and most importantly the clearest explanation of the situation. He uses the best animation, and visuals. Thank you for sharing this, and for providing such presicise information.
Glad it was helpful!
A very well made video. I was working in the US nuclear defense industry when the accident at Chernobyl occured. I followed with great interest, but the information was very scarce in the late 80s due to the secrecy the Soviets imposed on the situation.
Thank you for this clean modeling! It greatly illustrates what happened with no distracting colors or confusing graphics. The lightbulb in my head finally lit up when seeing this.
The 3D view outside of the core in amazing!
You should try the virtual reality tour
This was the best explanation I have ever seen. I’m showing this to class.
CANDUs and RBMK's share some design similarities (online refuelling, pressure tubes instead of pressure vessel, physical size due to low-enriched / natural uranium) but have some significant safety-related design differences. CANDUs are moderated by liquid heavy water, not graphite, and the water-filled reactor is immersed in another large tank of light water called the shield tank. As a result, the CANDUs have a significant amount of passive cooling capacity, and water doesn't catch fire. Another critical difference is the CANDUs are fully inside a concrete containment structure, and the Ontario Hydro multi-unit stations have a massive negative pressure vacuum building to reduce pressure within the containment building if there is a large steam release in containment as a result of an accident. CANDUs do have a positive void reactivity, and for this reason they have two independent, fast-acting shutdown systems that are physically separate from each other and the control systems. Each system is designed to shut down the reactor in a matter of seconds on its own without needing the other system, however both systems are designed to initiate shutdown independently and immediately if a design-basis accident occurs. Also, following the Chernobyl event Canadian engineers travelled to the Soviet Union to learn what happened and determine if anything needed to be fixed or addressed in the CANDU design. There weren't any significant design issues identified in the CANDUs, but one operating change was to reduce the maximum flux tilt allowed within the CANDUs before reactor trip is initiated. This reduced maximum flux tilt limit is still in use today. Great video, btw. (Edit: corrected "end shield tank" to "shield tank". The end shields are distinct from the shield tank.)
Thanks for the detailed explanation. It is significant that Canadian Scientists were allowed to talk to the Soviets when safety was the focus. But admittedly that was in the time of Glasnost and shortly before the Soviet Union dissolved.
@@jingchenbi7419 They actually thinked in making a larger and cheaper version of the RBMK, the RBMKP-4800 with 14400MWt of power, it was going to be a square block and assembled outside over rails, they would remove a wall of one of the units while still operating, and and move the new reactor block until attaching it to the operating one, so you can imagine a miles long strip of a single modular RBMK-4800.
th-cam.com/video/Z3_4q-uTpPk/w-d-xo.html at the 10:42 you can get an idea of what they planned
it has to be said tho, that they didn't want to stop it there, the RBMK was originally designed to work at 50% efficiency or more using supercritical steam turbines, so the RBMKP-4800 could have outputs of over 7700MWe per block, they also were thinking in using a fast neutron version of it with 15% enriched uranium that could have much higher power outputs since fast rectors have very small cores that they wanted to make very big, the 1300MWe BN-1200 fast breeder will have a core of just 85 in height and 2 meters in diameter.
it has to be said tho that 1500MWe and thermal power are very diferent things, generally the sweetspot for reactors is around 2700-3300MWt, the EPR thermal output is 4650MWt, the Mitsubishi APWR and General electric ESBWR have 4550MWt and a power ouput of 1780MWe, altho japan planes to scall them down to 3280MWt/1300MWe very large reactors are bastards to build, the Chineses are studying to scale the Westinghouse AP-1000 to make the AP-1400 and then possibly the AP-1700 and AP-2100 with a thermal output over 6000MWt
@@jingchenbi7419 China will build a larger 1400MWe version of the AP-1000 called the CAP-1400 at rocheng, and they have planned 64 of Westinghouse AP1000 fully manufactured in china, westinghouse sold china the manufacturing licences in 2009, they already made 4 of those things
@@jingchenbi7419 France? Not really, today, this very day, the leader of nuclear industry is really russia, Chinese reactors are copied from the french and the american designs.
The VVER design is a tremndous PWR.
@@jingchenbi7419 The problem of making a reactor as large as the epr, or larger than 3.3GWt is that it becomes hard to engineer and construct, originally Rosatom didn't plan the VVER-1200 but rather a VVER-1500 or VVER-1800, they ditched it for the VVER-1200 because it was easier to do, as a result they build those things in their country for 1800U$D/KWe, and the VVER-TOI they are in road to do it for less than 1400U$D/KWe
The sweetspot for nuclear power size is around 2700-3300MWt, where scalability and size meet, larger than that and you need a higher degree of engineering to guarantee the safety of a 4.5GWt reactor that has pretty much the same pressure vessel as a 3GWt one, as such the level of engineering of the safety systems increases more than the possible benefits of a larger thermal output
The workhorse of france's nuclear industry has been the 900MWe class, while the reactor on which the epr is based, the N4 has been taken 15 years to construct in chooz and civaux.The EPR-2 hopefully will have around 1300MWe and 3200MWt, it simply becomes less challenging to build.
The same issue happened to South korea, they builded the OPR-1000 for 1900U$D/KWe, and when they decided to supersize it into the APR-1400 they ended building those for 2250U$D/KWe, they are planning to replace it with the iPower with a output of 1200MWe and 3200MWt
Taishan 1&2 costed around 2300U$D/KWe, sure better than Flamanville and Olkiluoto, but not good enough to be better than the 900MWe french ones.
The lower construction time of taishan and less delays has to deal with the fresh experience the chinese have at building reactors, and the more fordist and direct approach they have, they like to have everything built before starting construction, while in europe and the usa they went for a more toyotist way of doing things, or in-time logistics.
Really well done. Great blending photos and your animations to give a clearer picture of what happened.
I believe the video is wrong. Temperature does decrease the radioactivity. The positive void coefficient has to do with steam: if the coolant is a liquid, it may boil if the temperature inside the reactor rises. These steam bubbles are called voids. The amount of void inside the reactor can affect the reactivity of the reactor. The change in reactivity caused by a change of voids inside the reactor is directly proportional to the void coefficient, so it is a scalar. This has to do with steam, not temperature.
The Chernobyl reactor did have a negative temperature coefficient, meaning that higher temperatures slowed the reaction down. However in the lack of control rods and fresh coolant, this wasn't enough to stop the reaction from becoming an explosion.
Don't overlook that the steam voids are ultimately the result of an increase in temperature. The void coefficient was so significant in this type of reactor that it dominated other coefficients including the fuel temperature coefficient.
An increase in temperature creates steam voids, and because the reactor is graphite moderated, it leads to an increase in reactivity, which further raises the temperature and reduces cooling capability - then this repeats - a disasterous positive feedback loop.
Marcus Klyver, Thank you. This account isn't quite accurate as well. For all those HBO naysayers.
this is one of the best, hands down explanatorial videos about Chernobyl.
Yes I made up a word, but it works.
Thanks 😊
I like the word.
Well done comrade.
I enjoyed the footage of the close up look of the sarcophagus. And the animation of the reactor lid
Thanks comradski. You will certainly enjoy the next more detailed contents. But perfection takes time ....
Nicely done! Thank you for putting this summary together
The animations helped sooo much in terms of trying to imagine and understand exactly how this all went down. Thank you.
In a way we humans are exactly like a runaway nuclear reactor. Not only have we gotten really smart, far too smart for our own good to be honest, but on top of that we found ways to transfer that knowledge to the next generation far more efficiently. The gorgeous animations in this video are testimony to that. Imagine if you had to explain in text what only 5 seconds of animation can show!
And that's how a RBMK reactor explodes.
You didn’t see graphite.
@NWE he’s in shock get him out of here
Could you imagine seeing those rods hopping up and down!!!😳
Might as well say bye bye and start dancing with them cus it’s already too late for you
@@Badfriendsfan101 Hahagahaa
As cool as the visual is, that never happened. It was made up by Medvedev along with a lot of other stuff, like Dyatlov being an asshole. Dyatlov made mistakes, but was generally considered a fair dude by those who worked with him. Medvedev just hated him and dissed him every chance he got.
It's impossible for the caps to jump. They were not holding back any pressure, as the fuel channels were sealed farther down. The caps were simply there to create an even surface in the reactor hall. Steam would have passed right through them. They weren't 350 kilos either, Medvedev made up that part too.
On a related note, Perevoschenko never ran from the reactor hall to the control room. That would have been impossible considering the distance. He was in the control room the night of the accident. Another thing made up by... you guessed it... Medvedev.
@@Galacalactus and who are you?
@@Galacalactus 1:23:42 is when the show says he ran from the reactor hall to the control room. At 1:23:45 the explosion happens... 3 seconds, and people still don’t realize that part is fiction. Of course we sit here and we laugh, but it brings into question the use of artistic license actually being harmful via revising history even though it, the real history is available. To those who do not realize that 3 seconds isn’t enough time to run that far, we either accept they do not live in reality and say that’s fine, or we actually should talk about freedom of speech and the need to curtail it or clearly specify in some way that this part is fictional or otherwise inaccurate. I say all of this not because people are entertained by what I thought was a great show on TV, but because these same people behave in this way on every issue, reactors, economics, sex, violence, etc., and therefore my question above about curtailing or accepting is frighteningly universal, but we must at least ask the question.
The shocking thing is the other three reactors ran for years after 1986
How is that shocking? The reactors were fine, all of them even number 4 the day before the disaster.... if you knew anything of what happened and what lead to the disaster you would see how misinformed you are in writing this comment.
It was a very specific concatenation of events that lead to it, it’s not like all of a sudden the other ones could end up with the same outcome (unless the exact same mistakes were to be repeated precisely in that order again, which would have been basically impossible unless if done on purpose...), so yes, you and the 17 people who liked your comment are not quite using your brain.
@@KevinS47 22 now
@@KevinS47 Those reactors were heavily flawed by the design. Explosion could happen not just because of Dyatlov (as his behaviors is exaggerated btw, as HBO and many books are based on ,,thruth about chernobyl" book by grigorij medvedvev, which is often inaccurate). You know that Leningrad Power Plant's RBMK once almost exploded too? The only thing that saved them was fresh fuel, so the void coefficient was a bit different. BTW the modifications made to reactors later have still not made them safe enough in case of bad operator. So it's quite surprising they kept them working until 2000, but it was necessary because ukraine needed power. In Russia they function to this day, but russians have lower standards when it comes to human safety and they are too dependent of those reactors, because they have even more of them than Ukraine, and russia is not so wealthy today. But they are not safe.
After years of interest in Chernobyl, this is the first video to give me proper perspective on the plant layout. Thanks!
0:50 : Western reactors are safer by design but are not fail safe. The largest problem with nuclear reactors is that even when fully "off" - with all control rods in place, so "shut-down", the core still produces heat which must be removed (ie put a large amount of nuclear material in one place - it gets hot even with neutron absorbers around it). The amount of "water" (or other coolant) required is too much for gravity feed (using the differential density based on coolant temperature) which means it needs pumping or energy from somewhere to operate. If there is a total loss of control or power, a reactor even with full shut down it will overheat - this is what happened at Fukashima where water was no longer pumped in the primary circuit, resulting in overheating (while in shutdown state), excess steam pressure and cracking of the primary containment - even though they vented the steam to the atmosphere.
Although much safer by design, reactors in the west are not fail-safe, but are unlikely to be much more destructive that Fukashima.
Reactors can be designed to be walk away safe if we want to, though. The need for active cooling measures isn’t an inherent feature of nuclear power technology.
@@chadwells7562 then you don't understand all the current nuclear power generation or how nuclear fusion happens. You first port of call is video of Fukashima. That is exactly what happened, it is because decay causes heat, that cannot be turned off , the second problem is Zirconium is used as rod cladding as it is neutron neutral, and that reacts with steam above 500C to create hydrogen, again the problem of Fukashima and the second explosion at Chenobyl.
@@Tom55data Exactly as I said. It’s a design and engineering choice. The choice can be made to develop a walk away safe reactor, such as a pebble bed.
Best video yet about this disaster. With thoughtful animations. Thnx a lot
Thanks 👍
Excellent work! Great animations, footage, research, and narration. Subscribed.
Thanks and welcome
Fantastic animation for novices like me. Thanks. The more read about this, the more interesting it becomes. Unfortunately, Nuclear energy will disappear soon due to these accidents. A cheapest, reliable, zero pollution source of energy but safety is a huge concern.
Three mile Island was audited and determined to be insufficient in terms of safety standards and basic engineering practices. but the worst part is NRC had a hand in not remediating said issues and the utility company refused to place the plant out of commission because they would have lost money. A bunch of documents were destroyed too.
Thank you for the accurate diagrams of the reactor layout.
This is awesome. Thanks for the 3D rendering, really helps explain the workings of the reactor.
I lived in the north of Italy, I was 10 yo. I remember how scared people were, as news were poor and scarce. I still remember the emergency announcements telling people to stay inside, keep their animals under cover and abandon their vegetable gardens.
Such a detailed, well thought out view !
I really enjoyed watching these videos.
Great job
Awesome, thank you!
Incredible 3d modeling work! Love the visuals!
Fascinating thanks. I've studied this disaster a lot but have never been able to get my head around it fully before seeing this 3d model
The somber tone and narrative fit with the terrible event. I particularly liked the clarity in description of the chain of events.
Especially the comparison with Fukushima with its stable design and triple security (and even THAT went wrong) was very instructive. This is among the best nucler sisater analyses I've seen, and I've seen quite a few.
A cynical, society, af lawed design, unqualified management. Lives destroyed in the tens of thousands in Pripyat, and in the families of the cleaners. Still gives me the shivers.
Absolute legend still replying to comments, great video it’s sad that the residents were told that they would be back in their homes in 3 days after evacuating :/
Hey Leo. The comments are a lot of fun, insightful thankful etc. they are also helpful and a way to improvement. Some are hilarious and then yes there are the trolls or conspirathists.
I will always be replying to as many as I can. Thanks for your visit.
Good video. If you're interested in Chernobyl, I highly recommend the book "Midnight in Chernobyl."
Great video. There is a slight correction to be made. The reactor did actually slow down with increase in temperature (negative temperature coefficient). However, it did have a positive void coefficient which has nothing to do with temperature but it means the reactivity will increase if the water converts into steam. This usually isn’t an issue cause the water is circulated but on this day they were running a test which required the pumps circulating water to be switched off which allowed the water enough time to boil and convert into steam.
great explanation and username
You skirted over one of the most important parts , the poisoning of the reactor . A major contribution to the sequence of events leading to the Chernobyl nuclear disaster was the failure to anticipate the effect of "xenon poisoning" on the rate of the nuclear fission reaction in the Chernobyl nuclear reactor. Which was as a result of the space between the lowest point of the rods and the bottom of the reactor and being run partially shut down for so long before the test was done . Which basically means the reactor was already unstable before the test was done . So many videos about Chernobyl fail to explain this .
Pretty sure this was explained in the HBO series
My next video on the same channel explains just what you are referring to th-cam.com/video/pOzJQJ1yAaM/w-d-xo.html
Спасибо за видео,
Есть несколько замечаний:
1. Дятлов знал о концевом эффекте регулирующих стержней. В интернете был скан отчета, они этот эффект измеряли при сдаче реактора в эксплуатацию, под отчетом подпсь Дятлова.
2. У РБМК роль pressure vessel выполняют отдельные каналы. Сам реактор в стальной оболочке, которая выдерживает что-то около 3 атмосфер избыточного давления. Потом уже бетонная коробка. То есть формально, там те же три уровня защиты.
3. Графитовые реакторы, в том числе коммерческие, эксплуатировались на западе.
Спасибо за ваш комментарий. Я согласен, термин западный реактор - это ошибка. Я собираюсь переделать это видео с исправлениями и включить расширенный визуальный материал. Я не знал, что руководство Чернобыля знало о проблеме с наконечниками управляющих стержней и проводило испытания. В.И. Борец, который работал с Дятловым, находился в Ленинградской диспетчерской, когда в 1975 году АЗ5 разорвал канал, но ему было приказано молчать.
Thanks for your comment. I agree, the term western reactor is an error. I am going to remake this video with corrections and include expanded visual material. I was not aware that leadership at chernobyl were aware of the tip problem on the control rods and ran tests. V.I. Borets who worked with Dyatlov was in the Leningrad control room when the AZ5 ruptured a channel in 1975 but was ordered to keep quiet.
Не могли бы вы прислать мне ссылку на доклад, на который вы ссылаетесь, за подписью Дятлова. Это важная информация. Я искал, но не нашел. Это должно быть на русском языке.
Please could you send me a link to the report you refer to with signature by Dyatlov. This is significant information. I have looked but cant find it. It must be in Russian.
@@Mike-Bell я полез искать этот документ, чтобы добавить ссылку в мой изначальный коммент, но не нашел. Я видел его много лет назад, когда опубликовали мемуары Дятлова.
Пока все что находится - отчет о физпуске, куда этот тест вошел в виде параграфов 2.8 и 3.4
accidont.ru/phys_start.html
Кроме того есть письмо на имя Брюханова об обнаружении концевого эффекта на Игналине
accidont.ru/PS_letter.html
@@Mike-Bell Спасибо огромное за ваш труд. Действительно, весьма странно считать, что Дятлов не знал про концевой эффект. Тем более, до Чернобыля была авария на ЛАЭС. Кроме того, Дятлов стал поднимать мощность реактора после того, как она упала до нуля. Вот она - роль личности в истории, ярчайший пример.
И, само собой, нажатие кнопки "Аварийный стоп" на любом механизме, установке должно переводить объект управления в безопасное состояние, что бы не происходило.
Best regards.
The graphic production is awesome.
I've seen a fewshort videos but this one has been a lot more interesting and showed things in a easy way to understand.
50 000 people used to live here, but now it's a ghost town...
Q: Why did it explode?
A: It was made by the Soviet Union
My dad was journalist in the 80's and he had the canche to see the project of Chernobyl and he said that was really poor made...i still remember his words "walls should've been 5 meters large and were only 2" 😳
Russia's and China's land is a radioactive junk yard, but not everywhere.
@@linjunda9617 Radioactive junkyard? Most of russia is unpopulated land with a wild and untouched nature. Russia has state-of-the-art nuclear reactors, its enriched urainum centrifuges are second to none in the world. Bet your shithole couldnt even build a NPP itself. Wtf you even talking about idiot.
@@redsun9261 lool fuck you and your 3rd world russia shithole
Fran Cesco your dad lied😂 they were 2 metres thick. Not 2 inches. (“ is inches)
My mom was born in Belarus and was a child when Chernobyl exploded, as you could imagine, radiation traveled to many parts of the USSR including Belarus. She died of stage 4 stomach cancer, I think it was Chernobyl that caused it, at least it didn't have a thermonuclear explosion.
Sorry to hear that,It was a horrible tragedy hope you are ok,love from Mexico 🙏🏻❤️
@@dario4278 thank you very much, I am doing ok but it has been 3 years since her passing.
@Moy thank you
I'm sorry for your loss and I will pray for your mother 😔✌🙏🇺🇸🇺🇸
What an awful disaster.
Thank you. I have been for years trying to piece together in my mind how the entire Chernobyl site fit together along the inside of the reactor building. Outstanding animation!
Very nice, brief video and great, helpful 3D models.
Very good animations, gives a brilliant insight into how the design of the building was.
This video is insanelly good, thank you for sharing this information! I've always loved learning about Chernobyl Dissaster since I was a child, I've learnt more than I knew with this video, thanks!
Glad that I found this video. Good explanation about the explosion and that reactor lid,i saw one of the videos and people said it's the reactor lid but i couldn't imagine what it's.so this video really helped me a lot.
Amazing video, never knew about the layout and interior of the Chernobyl reactor before this video, not as well as I do now. Thankyou 😊
Okay wow i never realised how massive thoose RBMK reactors were. Jesus fuck.
Brilliantly detailed video, explaining stuff very clearly! I’ve always wondered what happened at Chernobyl as I never really understood it much, and now I do understand much better.
Wow, this video break down pretty much explained the situation Perfectly for me.
Really cool video with good animations! I really wanted to see how all happened and this video helped a lot! Thanks!
Great work, thank you! The men and women of the USSR that worked to seal the reactor after the explosion were true hero's the Soviet Union abandoned.
Women didn’t work there
This is absolutely amazing. The quality and detail are unmatched by anything I've seen on this topic before. This video(And the HBO mini-series) should be seen by anyone interested in the history of Chernobyl instead of sensationalized garbage from reality tv. Very well done.
It's good when my efforts are appreciated. Thanks Andrew...!!
HBO isn't best source of history material for chernobyl. It's isn't documental. There are alot of... misrepresentation and somewhat errors for better emotional stuff(altho charecters are miss represented too). There is more or less better documentary from BBC - surviving disaster. It's still share some drama acting and so on, but more close to better charecter representation.
@@060POTEHb sorry I didn't mean to imply the HBO series is documentary level accurate. It's definitely more of a docu-drama but it is much, much easier for the average person to watch, and is accurate enough that it could get some people interested. I feel like the HBO series was respectful of the source material and stayed true to the major events while also displaying the political side of things which many documentaries seem to gloss over. But you are totally correct that creative liberties were taken.
@@andrewrominger2537 Nah, it's no problem. Don't be sorry. My point, mainly was - if you don't watch BBC surviving disaster, i'm advising you to watch it (it's availiable here, in youtube, but quality of recording is so so). If you like HBO's chernobyl, you'll, probably, realy enjoy bbc's one. It's much older film, have it's downfalls (no that good on case of production and other movie stuff), but it's more closely get to Legasovs motivations and etc. Show his struggle before first INSAG and etc. Plus great actors performance and more close to documental film. Altho it's still docu-drama too. Or if you'd like to watch more intervies with actual people that was involved, find Chernobly npp channel on youtube, there is a series of intevievs and as far as i know, it have english subs. I can recomend much more documental content, but it's mostly on russian and subs are autogenerated...
> the HBO mini-series [Chernobyl (2019)]
is sensationalized garbage with an embarassing collection of Bullshit, imeo.
no es de los mejores, sino el mejor video que vi en lo que es la recreacion, me super encanto, esta expectacular, felicitaciones y muchas gracias
Amazing!! Lovely 3D and well explained 👍🏼👍🏼
This is a great video with very detailed animations and it can be clearly seen that a lot of work has been put into it - great job! The only part I didn't appreciate much was the constant propagation of the phrases: "If this was a western reactor all of this would not have happened...". No one is safe and it doesn't matter if it is a Soviet reactor or a so called "western", science can't be limited by politics and should not be used to propagate political views.
I actually entirely agree with you re the kommie bashing and western reactors bit. But unfortunately this can’t be edited once the video is posted. I’m considering doing a remake and just sticking to the facts.
But it's true - why shouldn't author say it? Commies purposely ignored safety measures because they wanted to save money. Apart from this commies on purpose hid critical information (which could prevent this catastrophe at all) from operating staff of the power plant - event, similar to one that caused explosion, had happened on another RBMK some years prior! And to add insult to injury commies in attempts to swipe info `bout catastrophe exposed thousands of people to radiation.
Great explanation and graphics! Living in Austria at this time i was 6 Years old when it happened sitting outside in my sandbox when i remember my grandpa running out of the house getting me inside.
Why did he pull you inside? Did he think the radiation spread into austria as soon as the explosion happened or did he want to show you the news?
@@goobuhfr The accident was first hidden by Russians 2 days after the accident at the Nuclear power plant in Sweden Forsmark they had a higher radiation level than normal they basically found out something is wrong but did not know were so the Russians had to come out with the accident news at this time radiation was already spread around Europe thats why when the news came out we all had to rush inside the so called dirty cloud was already over Austria, Germany, Poland and other European countries. We also had to take potassium iodide pills.
What radioactive elements were emitted into the environment?
@@phenom9161 I don't know i cant tell anymore as i said i was 6 years old living in Marchtrenk (upper Austria)
Very well made video Mike. I really enjoy your productions.
Glad you like them!
Exactly what I was looking for, a detailed schematic of the reactor as well as the internal designs.
"Western reactors can only be refuelled during a reactor shutdown"
Incorrect, much of the AGR fleet in the UK is refuelled on load or at partial load.
@Richard Atkinson Yes, we had reactors like that. We called them "Magnox" on account of the magnesium oxide fuel type.
AGRs do have a steel liner, and presressed concrete containment, and then most of the building at below reactor lid is concrete walls.