T95 - America's Forgotten Super Tanks
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 มิ.ย. 2024
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T95 was a series of American medium tank prototypes that pre-dated the T-62, designed and built in the mid-fifties. T95 tanks were the first to mount smoothbore guns. T95 hulls were the first to be built using composite armour. They were poised to enter production as the most advanced combat vehicles ever built.
Except. The T95 would never enter service. Despite being one of the most revolutionary and forward-thinking projects of all time, the T95 ended in failure. So that begs the question - what happened to the T95 program? And why was the M60 so mundane? This is the story of the futuristic super tanks that America chose to leave behind.
Composite armour document: apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD0524...
Source: Abrams: A History of American Main Battle Tank, Volume 2 (Hunnicutt)
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Chapters:
00:00 Intro
02:02 A History Lesson
03:17 1 Winner, 2 Losers
04:25 The Project Begins
06:50 A Tale of 9 Brothers
07:18 The 90mm Gun
07:55 Fire Control and OPTAR
08:30 Armour Layout
09:33 Powertrain
10:10 Growing Pains
11:36 Composite Armour!
13:06 The XM-WHAT?!
14:20 Not Dead Yet
15:50 A Legacy Of Success
16:55 Outro
All content is presented in historical context for educational purposes. All footage is owned by its copyright holder and is used in this channel under "fair use".
Music by Epidemic Sound - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
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Thanks for watching :)
STILL, Prototypes !!!
An American tank with a 120mm smoothbore main gun and composite armor?
"I guess you guys aren't ready for that yet. But your kids are gonna love it."
Lol
Russian tank with 125mm main gun
- Hold my beer...
@@romankovalev7894 you forgot the part where it got outclassed the very second the west started full scale production on theirs
@@urmothwr
Funny. All West mass tank production - two and half tanks. USA only one tank factory - not build new tanks from 2017, only upgrade old corps
@@urmothwr wdym? When the T-64 and T-72 were introduced, they were very competitive for their time and even top end.
both the Chieftain and the T-64 also used opposed-piston engines, although theirs were diesel, and both of them had problems with their engines. the reliability of those engines improved with time, but it still makes using opposed-piston engines in the T95 now with hindsight seem a somewhat risky choice, although it does make sense for a tank that's testing out new technologies.
The Continental engine for the T95s is not a true opposed piston engine. The opposed piston engines in the Chieftain and the T64 are, as they have 2 pistons per cylinder pushing against each other, where as the "opposed" part of the Continental engine means the pistons are moving in opposite directions. The Continental engine would be better called a flat or boxer engine, like automotive engines such as those in Subarus, Porsches, Corvairs, etc.
The British Leyland L60 was fixed but it took 10 years! This was due largely to financial constraints of the broke Harold Wilson Labour Government. The main issue was cured by Belzona sealing compound that allowed the engine output to rise from Mk6A 650 bhp to Mk13A 950 bhp.
@@billballbuster7186wtf belzona? This looks like an advertisement lol
@@JazzBerri Maybe, but Belzona Sealants is what they used and it worked
On the other hand, engines like the Commer Knocker and the Napier Deltic had quite good service histories, so I wouldn't say opposed piston engines are inherently a bad idea, just poorly implemented by the respective armed forces.
So forgotten i litterally never heard about it, actually.
Nice !
I knew this tank cause of war thunder
And dug into the history. The fact it got so much cool food but dropped is saddening
What is more saddening is that it never got credit. Russian ended up getting more credit than they deserve
@@croskerk They did end up putting most of the things promised into action and produce it en masse, while America was suffering from development hell, which is reasonable, given how new technology is often found out. It's not like Russia isn't deserving of it, considering they have hundreds or thousands of T-62s and T-64/T-72s, while America had to be content with a stopgap of the M60 MBT.
@groadmiralinerika2540 yeah, russia still deserve credit though things from other nations still deserve their own credit and attention.
@@croskerk I remember being excited in war thunder playing a American main cause this is the first American tank you unlock with APFSDS
@SilverStarHeggisist i know hahaa
Its also that tankni got excited to because of that and how uniqur it was compared to the pattons. Next tank i got was the M60A2 and i gotta say, M60A2 and T95E1 is a great duo for 8.3. You got the deadly rod and deadly boom with laser rangefinder.
Regardless, im glad that the T95E1 is my first MBT.
US 8.3 solely is super strong. Though now I have one 8.7 vehicle cause patton, but i always find myself back at the T95E1.
I also somehow survived many shots with the tonk
Opted out of using T26E1 and T-26E5 tech on M46 due to budget constraints.
Opted out of building fully new tank with M47 due to budget constraints.
Opted out of building T95 due to budget constraints.
Opted out of composite armor and 120mm gun on M60 due to budget constraints.
Opted out of MBT-70 due to budget constraints.
And at the same time somehow build M103, M60A2 and Sheridan.
Budget priorities...
Good points...
All POS's by the way.
"Budgetary concerns" in the 1950's means "The Air Force took the money meant for every other branch."
next, SPAA history
This’d be lovely to watch
would be good
Yes!
Yes
I had a chance to see on of the surviving T95 prototypes when I was stationed at Fort McCoy, WI in 1975-76. It was being turned into a radio-controlled target for the anti-tank M72 LAW training range, where it would be repeatedly struck by the 35 mm M73 training rocket fired from discarded LAW launchers. The M73 not having a hollow charge warhead, the only damage to the T95 woukd be to its paint! This would give trainees a better experience - having to deal with a maneuvering target rather than the typical stationary target on antitank ranges, and would be much safer to fire as the M73 did not have as fearsome as backblast as the M72. I rotated away into retirement before the T95 target project was finished, so I cannot say if it was a success. The T-95 we were working with may be one of the four still in existence.
the only other tank I've heard of with an electro-optical rangefinder is the Leopard 2 prototype with the T14 turret that had the EMES 13 electro-optical rangefinder and that was made in the 70s.
It’s crazy how these tanks then evolved to look like the tank we all know and love today. Technology is so fast man
Babe wake up, RedWrenchFilms post a new video
Finally, my favorite tank is featured
You're not alone here brotha😁
@@vladimirivanov3389 less gooo another rare T95 enjoyer
My people, ive found you!
@@Trollpharius_XX as a WT player, M60A1 AOS seems better thanks to this, AOS, but T95E1 has some great armament out there. and this video is just a repeat for me, as i knew that it was a project ahead of it's time.
@@dzonylego Thanks for sharing your opinion.
The most influential prototype in the Tank industry. The knowledge gained was invaluable compared to the loss of not accepting it into service. I'm really glad you went over this unsung hero's development cycle.
Kane Pixels needs to take a look at Mr. Mo. 15:47
May we have some elaboration on the backstory of "Mr. Mo"?
It appeared to be a weird mockup to demonstrate the hydro-pneumatic suspension at an engineering conference in Detroit! All we have is the caption on that photo.
@@RedWrenchFilmsI want to track down who made it and just ask why or how they even thought of... that
@@Idontknow4 Ask the sweedish 🙂
A video on the m60 would be cool
👀
@@RedWrenchFilms Due it!
@@RedWrenchFilms I think the M60 deserves alot more attention. Its so overlooked and considered "inferior" but i feel there's alot more to it. The soft factors of this tank seem to be pretty good compared to just looking at the gun & armor and compare it to a T-64 & chieftain.
I'm saddened by this project's outcome, the T95 variants had so much potential... Composite armor, excellent turret armor layout, great guns for the tank's size, basic laser rangefinders... such a gem of a project !
finally someone talking about this tank, w interesting explanation
when i went through basic training ive been on busses passing one of the T95s in the photos at the beginning, was honestly suprised seeing it and a couple panzer 3s in the same fenced off yard
15:42 omg the tank in my home town, lately I’ve been wondering if it was some rare relic. Supposedly it ended up there because some of the local industry was involved in its production. I’m glad to say that despite the town declining, this was one thing they’ve taken pretty good care of over the years, it’s in a nice park with a cobra helicopter and Corsair fighter you can’t see in this shot. We were always proud of our steel mill and other industries, as well the town’s high military service rate, so this tank is sort of an extension of that. I wonder if anyone still knows how it ended up there.
Thank you for the amazing and hella in-dept video - as always you've put 120% of yourself in it! As for the next one, I would love to see a video about the T110 project. In the game WoT it has 3 versions present - T110E5, which looks like the TS-31, you showed us on the picture at 4:03 ; T110E4 with a semi-traversalble turret and T110E3 with no turret as the latter 2 fit a 155 mm gun. I would love to know whether or not these are real, how did the project evolve from a turretless tank destroyer to a conventional heavy tank, what were these 155 mm monsters, what were the E1 and E2 variants like (and probably a clue why WG skipped to E3 in their game), and finally why did the T110E4 had such an awkwardly working turret. Would antisipate such a video - thank you in advance, Mr. RedWrench ❤
Sir i think the 90mm and 105mm is enou-
American Tank designer: MORE!
it reminds me of the conqueror from war thunder
also great video!
The t-95 I'd in war thunder
great engrish lul
Jokes aside yee is in WT
@@venuasaur560 a single variation is, there isnt the t95e2 tho, which would be much better
This video is amazing, even though I didn't finish it.
Huh
WOW, great vid!
15:50
Can't sleep.
Clowns will eat me.
Good, smart writing and great delivery... Thx!
Glad you liked it!
finally some coverages on the T95, back when I used to play WOTB/WOT, there were these T95s tanks ie T95/Chef, Cheft/T95, E2 and E6.. always wondered whether they existed lol
Like countless things. It was too ahead of its time. That is absolutely wild. Awesome video!!!
Imagine he used heritahe and discovered Patton was his gramp
Finally, a video on one of my favorite tanks, the T95E6!
That explanation for composite was great.
I've always assumed that it was just higher hardness values doing the work, I had never realised that glasses deformation properties payed such a large part. Kudos
are you doing tank encyclopedia videos also ? awesome video man
Excellent analysis. A well run prototype program results in endless innovation, whether it goes into this decades production or the next.
oh hey I just had an argument with someone about this yesterday, perfect timing.
Can you do american tank numbering next? Luv ur vids btw
Really great video, could you do more about Japan's tanks
At first and very quick glance at 1:11 that curve at the front of the turret made me think they had slapped a pre-production Tiger II turret on. Was looking at the real thing at Tankfest on Friday so it's fresh in memory.
One of the two with the M48 turret was found on the range at Ft. McCoy WI recovered and last time I looked at it was one of two tanks acting as gate guards.
Awesome video! Next one: Cobra helicopter variants, please :)
Very interesting. Thank you. I knew very little about these U.S. Projects.
Would be interesting to see a video about Turm III aka Erprobungsträger mit 3-achs-stabilisiertem Turm
Wrench, is your Soviet Heavy Series still ongoing?
Sort of! The IS-6 video didn't do quite as well as I hoped.
@@RedWrenchFilms Thanks for answering. Maybe, IS 3 related video gonna do better :) By the way, may I suggest you an idea for future vid? Soviet program Совершенствование-88 (Development-88) and two tanks related to it. Object 640 and Object 195.
Theme is pretty interesting and happened just a few decades ago. Would be great to learn about it, especially from such researcher as you.
@@FrikciyaI recently read about the "Development-88" and the Object 195 and the 640 projects. I also read some stuff on the Obj. 187 that was a "predecessor" to the 195 and a competing design to the Obj. 188 that would go on to become the T-90.
Very interesting topic and I would love a video about those!
Could you make a video about some Easter European vechicles? For example SKOT/OT-64, PT-91 or the convoluted history through many propositions of Polish BMP-1 modernisations, BWP-2000, Anders platform and how they all lead to IFV Borsuk.
Finally this tonk get recognition
Speaking of the t95, can you make a video about the t92?, also btw at 3:18; my mom and both my aunts work there
Cool i never knew this
Interesting and gorgeous tank
They're all weird looking but I like how weird and for their time how futuristic it looks.
Finally I know the history of this tank. Been using it in war thunder all week.
YES!
Can you cover soon the T110 Tanks? I really like their T110E5, the only depiction it has is only in the Game
+1 From me on this one - in the game there a 3 versions of it - T110E3 - a turret less design, somewhat of an upgrade to the T95 (yes, that T95); T110E4 - a semi-travetsable turret design (these 2 fit a 155 mm cannon in WoT); and the T110E5 (which seems to be the TS-31, you showed early in the video). There's no doubt - there are E1 and E2 variants of this tank, but as per usual the game provides no plausible explanation
@@veselindimov307 yeah it would be so nice to cover this soon knowing that there are scale mock ups of this Vehicle and that was the base information what the game used
There's one of the Frankenstein versions sitting at the amvets post in armada,Michigan
11:55 that one is from Finland, Parola tank museum
Mitsubishi incorporate the hydropneumatic feature into the Type 74. Don't know if it was an independent development or not. For some reason I see a resemblance of sorts (I could be wrong though) of the T95 in the Type 74.
Link to the DTIC report is missing for me.
Fixed! I forgot :(
1:27 bro in the tank hates his job
While it might have been forgotten and destined to fail, it truly is HOT
what tank?, sorry i forgot.. but anyway great video
what does that photo of cartoon tank called in "A legacy of success"? 15:50
Note early in this video, the NUMBER of wheels. These early tanks were midgets and lightweights compared to modern systems. The "instantaneous" footprint of any tank or combat vehicle is determined by how far you spread out the weight in PSI. Our company did a lot of this work for the LAVs, but they just used rubber tires, so that they could maintain "fast" combat speeds to engage with a slow-as-slug main battle tank. Unfortunately the USArmy has instead managed to add dozens of Tons to its combat vehicles, because it does not have intellectual capacity to understand that a 70-Ton M1 cannot cross almost 90% of the Ukraine, during the rainy & mud season (and also the heavy artillery). Russia is now using its most lightweight tanks, to try to avoid this problem. ALL of these contending forces suffer from the same brain damage, in that all of these vehicles are almost immediately wiped out, by simple 2kg-to-4kg-to-6kg warheads, flown in by drones. Drones can fly miles further than artillery rounds, so alternate defensive measures are desperately needed...
The T-95 medium was an Americanized T-54/55. Not enough attention was payed to the PAC (power train). It was an engineering sand box.
Imo, probably the best "What if" concocted next the MBT-70.
Many thanx for a GR8 vid 👍👍
Feels like the T25/T26 project determined 20 years of US tank design, and those 20 years were used "discovering" the M1 Abrams through a whole lot of failed programs. It seems like a trend with US tanks; they get stuck on some design for extended periods of time before jumping forward dramatically (Sherman, Pershing/Patton, Abrams). I'm not sure it's a good thing 😅.
Why anyone would want to mount a cannon on a nonrecoiling mount? What are the advantages? I can't comprehend it
Non-recoiling guns take up far less space as they don't need room in the turret to move, nor have any recoil mechanism to take up even more space in the turret. To still be able to absorb the energy of firing, the armour in direct contact with the breech, as well as the elevation trunnion, need to be reinforced, often resulting in really absurd sounding armour values for those areas.
Rigidly mounted guns absolutely have their adivantages in terms of space-saving and armour protection in relation to their weight compared to recoiling guns.
But as tank cannons were able to exhert more and more energy, the level of armour required to absorb the recoil became excessive, hence why rigidly mpunted guns never really took off. There are many examples of working rigidly mounted tank guns, such as the experimental 32-pdr (94mm) Centurion tank, but these are singular cases that stand on their own.
@@ZETH_27 That sounds like it would be wery expensive to produce or mentain. I gues in long run it was deamed unacceptable from logistic and industrial reasons
More armor, to absorb recoil. Massive space saving potential. Depending on how the mount is made, less weight for the vertical traverse to balance. Cheaper, less complex.
@@ledzik1893 as long as the gun's recoil-forces aren't that intense, rigidly mounted guns can handle it just fine, woth no particular maintenance quirks over recoil-mounted guns. If anything they require less maintenance and checkups since there is no fluid nor springs involved.
@@ZETH_27 i think that suspension would suffer quite significant forces
The T95E1 is a interesting tank in warthunder. It makes more sense now.
I just realised this was posted 20 min ago lol
I would love to see gaijin at the other team 95 variants is there a event tanks or battle pass tanks or even as update tanks
Ft. McCoy Wisconsin has one on display.
You appear to have fallen for the classic T28 heavy tank misnomer.
It was called both at different times.
@@doobs5342 This is the reason people get confused and call it T95, they missed the memo that it was named back to T28 like it was originally called.
It's no panzer 1
I think a major concern that might have gotten overlooked is how much the tank looks like a Soviet model at times. 10:26, if that was in a confused combat situation, a stressed or frightened gunner or commander might call that out as a T-62. Especially from the back.
Archimedes probably had quite a good idea of how things are able to fly, built something that could glide, is he the inventor of the airplane ?
A good video on a strange tank :)
Thanks 😁
0:46 They have. The T-62 and T-64 have been both mass produced...the T95 wasn't. Not to mention the T95 technologies were unreliable and the smoothbore gun was horribly inaccurate.
If only the nice man said that in the video!
that last part... i feel it, in war thunder the gun shoots everywhere
Except that neither tank should have entered mass production. The T-62 pushed the existing Soviet tank technology of the time past the breaking point (there's a reason why it was never given to any other Warsaw Pact nation), and the T-64 proved to be an ever bigger bust. It wasn't until the T-72 appeared in the early 1970s that the Soviets had a workable MBT to replace the T-55. The USA saved itself a lot of money and effort by not concentrating on immature technology.
@@petergray2712 T-62 was an excellent design, although troublesome in the beggining. T-64 was basically a ''supertank'', but with many flaws that were sorted out too...after the flaws of the T-64 were fixed it became the best tank on the battlefield until NATO caught up with the thermal sight equipped Abrams and later models of Leopard 2. T-72s surpassed T-64 only in sheer numbers and later in technology (about 1985)...
I wish they would add more varients of this tank series to War Thunder.
War thunder got its armor wrong .. for them it says rolled homergous armor when it’s actually composite
i always thought the T95 and the Type 74 was some weird both country development program do to the similarity in shape and both having hydropneumatic suspension
Type 74 and amx30 look alike too
What's the weird one with 6 road wheels at 1:43?
Hey I like Mr. Moe. He looks really cool... In a creepy sorta way. 😂
12:42 where's the link :c its not in the description
Added now! Thanks
I hope more of these are added to war thunder, I love the t95 even if it's not particularly great ingame
Because the M-60 just worked….except of course for the ill fated “starship”, which if you know-you know
Soviet onion after ww2 conducted a series of tests to determine the best solution against HEAT charges. And they found too that quartz works quite well.
Up until the Abrams tank America has definitely been behind in tank design for some reason. And even that is a 50 year old design. I find it troubling that they haven’t come up with a newer design since that time. It’s probably paralysis by analysis.
It doesn't beg the question. You are quite logical.
Here is my best guess before watching past the intro: slashed military design and procurement budgets between the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
Edit: After watching the video, I am pleasantly surprised that this was not the case!
Makes a nice change doesn't it!
But it's not forgotten in War Thunder. One of the best tanks in US tree
The rare armymen tank everyone wants haha
war thunder should make an event where it's just a deathmatch between all the different T95 variants
i hope youve gone to tankfest :D
Wait I thought the t95 was a double tracked case made TD, right? The pancake of Doom
American 50. cal doctrine states very clearly "Put a 50 on it" even if it dont make sense YOU PUT A 50 ON IT!!!
Playing M60A1 AOS in War Thunder sometime make me wish T95 put into production and service instead M60s
I mean you can have both in your 8.3 lineup!
So there were prototype tanks named T-95 from both the US andRussia.
Так Т-62/64 были уже в серии, а Т95 так и не пошел дальше опытной партии. Поэтому он и не может быть первым, тем более если ты сравниваешь опытные танки, посмотри когда были первые прототипы Т-62 или Т-64
The t95 having unsupported tracks makes it look very soviet.
RIP Mr Moe. 😮
Gun system didn't work as intended, and didn't have stabiliser either
looks like the amx30
@9:24 You could have showed Rambo firing the .50cal in 'Rambo' (2008), rather than the M60 scene in Rambo: First Blood Part II (I think?), though it probably would have been auto-demonetised by YT instantly lol....too many limbs flyin about without their owners.
I actually looked that one up first but somehow it’s even gorier than I remember haha
i'm suprised the engine was so puny a tank that size should have been at least 7-800 hp