History Hit please get more Ray Mears, he makes everything interesting and is the best presenter around these days. Especially for anything regarding the UK.
I'm all for Dan Snow and Ray Mears doing a three hour weekly podcast going through the history of Britain it could never ever get boring both fantastic and very knowledgeable presenters
@@Blisterdude123 I really don't care for "Bear Grylls"!! He's like 'the little train who could' ... ("I think I can, I think I can"...but... He can't!!) Ray Mears on the other paw, however, _is_ legit _the_ *real deal* & likewise I like Dan Snow, as he's also worth watching, imo.🤔🏴🙂❤️🖖
I'm really disappointed that there hasn't been an epic movie or series about the Roman invasion of Britain. It is probably the most important event in British history and not only that but it has all the characters to make it interesting like Julius Caesar.
Hollyweird has run out of ideas and remake old ideas yet there are 400 years of incredible historical events. War elephants charging at Chariots during the Claudian invasion, The Emeperor Severus epic northern campaigns of the early 3rd century from his base at York. Constantius Chlorus marrying King Coel' s daughter Helena and producing Constantine the Great crowned Emperor at York. Carausius rebellion with Allectus coming in with the plot twist. There are countless possibilities. If only I could write scripts rather than talk bollocks on the internet.
@@MarkAbRobert-jv6it not to mention Boudicca. I'd be more interested in a series where the native British tribes are the protagonists. The only risk is Hollywood and Netflix getting their hands on it and turning Caesar into a Mexican and Boudicca an annoying trans "Girl boss".
Boudicca would without a doubt be portrayed as a sassy strong independent wahman with a severe man hating streak due to her daughter's suffering at the hands of the rapey patriarchy. It doesn't even bare thinking about really
@@EstbXCIII History did a relatively decent “Barbarians Rising” series, but the Boudicca episode was painfully bad. I think I’m ok w hollywood leaving her story alone 😂
True. I'm glad to see Mears get some recognition and realising just how good he is at all aspects of presenting and presentation. It's so understated, it's brilliant.
Always a pleasure to view these documentaries. The content is first class, and the presenters radiate knowledge and enthusiasm. I would like to see Ray Mears present further episodes.
Wonderful video.Not a good day for the Britons when Rome under Claudius turned its full attention on conquering the island. The Roman army was a well organized, formidable opponent.
"But in a way that most many politicians aren't today. He had another quality. he was also a brilliant General" He was competent at the tasks he had to perform, unlike the vast majority of current ones.
Presume you’re referring to Julius Caesar. Undoubtedly the great man of his age, but I always keep uppermost in my mind how utterly ruthless and cruel he was, given to wanton slaughter, and above all, self-seeking and corrupt. Much like the rest of the Roman magnates. I think there’s been a tendency, going back to the days of Empire, for the British to identify with the Romans, that first great empire of the west, and to almost unconsciously imagine them to share all sorts of “British “ values and virtues. Explains some of the interest in Roman re-enactment. You’re not going to dress up as someone you regard as strange, foreign and nasty.
I have to agree with you on that point. Most politicians today have nothing but monetary interest and the taking of personal liberties away from the average citizen. Scotlands new laws are completely communist. People going to jail for acknowledging basic biology is insane.
"Caesar’s first expedition to Britain had lasted about three weeks. Troops (“about 300”) from the two ships that had been separated from the rest were ambushed by Morini tribesmen. Caesar despatched his cavalry, who chased off the attackers. The next day, the legions just returned from Britain, commanded by Titus Labienus, marched against the rebel Morini, and most were captured. The rest of Caesar’s legions, which had been engaged in a punitive campaign against the Morini’s easterly neighbours, the Menapii, returned from their expedition. Caesar: … quartered all the legions for the winter in the country of the Belgae. Thither two British tribes and no more sent hostages: the rest neglected to do so." You can see why his troops followed him all the way to the stairs of the senate house, no man left behind.
I do wonder how contested the landing was the Britons had from dawn till 3 in the afternoon, unless they had their own intel, it would be just villages near the coast, that could be mustered as an ad hoc force.
"Caesar, sir. Our information on Britannia is spotty at best. We know almost nothing about these Britons apart from their hostility towards us. We have no information on a good place to anchor our fleet, the seas in the area are often tumultuous, we have no maps of the area, and we don't even know if the resources on the island can sustain our army." "Sounds fun! All aboard!"
This video is a fascinating and informative look at the dramatic Roman invasion of ancient Britain. Ray Mears does an excellent job of bringing the story to life. I learned a lot about this important event in history, and I highly recommend this video to anyone interested in the Roman Empire or British history.
DAMN! - this is well done! ALL THESE videos are EXTREMELY well produced! I think I'm gonna join in - see what else they have! Few bucks for documentaries of this quality is no issue.
@@hereandnow3156 Of course it can. There is the site of a Roman villa a quarter of a mile from my house in the corner of a field. There is another one a quarter of a mile further away than that. There is another site of a roman villa one mile in the opposite direction. NOTHING remains of any of them because around 500 AD Angles and Saxons killed and/or threw them out and in the following centuries all the stones were removed to build other houses. Nothing of their language remained either. The only remaining vestiges of Roman occupation are some roads and lanes which were probably pre-existing Bronze and Iron age tracks themselves.
@@robinac6897 You must be incredibly ignorant and/ or uneducated. They gave us new towns, plants, animals, a new religion and new ways of reading and counting. You are so wrong it’s laughable.
Cause and effect only works so simplistically in the tiny minds of insecure little Englishmen who throw off their greyness by living vicariously through their great nation's deeds
Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Normans. I still find it amazing just how drenched in history Britain is. I don’t think many people know that Britain is even smaller than New Zealand.
These groups fought each other over hundreds and hundreds of years in order to establish their rule and influence over one another. Once the Norman conquest had settled down, Britain held a very stable ethnic population for about 850 years. It is only very recently in history that the UK has willingly opened its doors to multiculturalism and mass immigration, and it's not working out great.
@@smiladon12These groups fought each other over hundreds and hundreds of years in order to establish their rule and influence over one another. That isn’t multiculturalism. Once the Norman conquest had settled down, Britain held a very stable ethnic population for about 850 years. It is only very recently in history that the UK has willingly opened its doors to multiculturalism and mass immigration, and it's not working out great.
@@smiladon12 Total cope. The Celts, Romans, Saxons, Vikings & Normans all belonged to the same White race. That can't be said about the unassimilable Africans, Middle Easterners, Pakistanis, Indians, Jamaicans, etc, etc. Keep smoking the copium.
You are so right in what you say , there is no free tickets in life , work for yourself and show purpose in life . This will bring you success and self worth , free is the path to a disastrous future
@@cymro6537 I know, I know 😏 We know they were here but it slips into the back of the mind and when one is focussed on the details of it, it's _fascinating_ and awe-inspiring. And I have to say, even more so as our ancestors were the ancient Britons (which I have to remind my Anglo Saxon friends; especially the xenophobic ones who think that the Knights Templar saw off the Romans. 🤔🤔)
I can't believe how much I've learned from this ancient history documentary. It's so well-researched and detailed-perfect for anyone passionate about history!
@Caambrinus He didnt catalogue his campaigns for posterity and our benefit but toward a contempory audience and particulary a Senate that he had to impress due to ambition. I always keeo thst in mind when studying this as it is not a critical and therefore factual account of what happened. Propaganda is what it would be classed as now. Yet veterans obviously told tales and contempory satirists weren't as gullible as later historians might have been. Lucan in Pharisalia eludes to this with the line.."Caesar turnwd his back and fled the naked Britons he had come to conquer". I'm not actually sure why you are this convinced he took such a great risk as crossing that channel with notoriously land lubbing legions for some kind of "recon" mission. We know every Emperor from Augustus wanted the title Britannicus, all of them had designs on conquest, Caligulas ridiculous shell collecting and then Roman triumph over the ocean being well known. To what purpose donyou think he made such a risky trip over the channel for?
@@MarkAbRobert-jv6it As you yourself write, propaganda loomed large in Caesar’s mind and he must have known that there were legal battles (and perhaps worse) waiting for him in Rome, when - eventually - he had to lay down his Gallic command. The two incursions into Britain (well, the first was a near disaster) were meant to invite comparison, not only with Pompey and Lucullus but also with Alexander the Great (his hero and military ‘mentor’). Given the forces at Caesar’s command in Gaul, the expanse of territory he had to control and lingering Gallic dissidence, it would have been very dangerous to attempt even a partial conquest of Britain, as the later Gallic revolt demonstrated. This Caesar knew.
May suggest your assertion the “Britons” didn’t know what was about to “hit” it was wrong. Firstly the southern half of the British Isles had seen successive waves of movements of Celtic tribesman in the last hundred years previous to the first invasion of the Romans. The Romans had made conquests in the Celtic territory in “France” and the Britons had been aiding in resisting the Roman invasion around the “Paris” area and “Normandy.” Julius Caesar in his journals had written about these activities. The invasion of British Isles was partly in response to the Celtic assistance and partly because the Romans knew about the mineral wealth in these lands through long established trading routes.
Celt is a misnomer. It does have its use I suppose but as most people comprehend it,through a very warped idea that the "Celtic" Scot's and the "Celtic" Breton's are the same people with a shared history. is not helpful. Those Celtic tribes you speak of who colonised England's south coast some century or so before Caesars arrival where Belgae. And they had been at war incessantly with the Bryrhonic tribes of the interior since their arrival. In my opinion this war was even fought over in Ireland during the 1st and 2nd century as tribes from Britain began to emigrate west due to the Roman threat but that's another story. Other than my issue with that term Celt, I'm in agreement with you here. The British chronicles (Brut y Brennihed) are seemingly unaware that there was any kind of oppostion at the beaches as the main army under Cassibelinus where further inland not knowing where Caesar would land, which suggests Caesars landing was only opposed by local levies. Caesar stated himself that a British parliament had elected Cassibelinus as General (Pendragon). Which also suggest the Britons did indeed know what was coming.
I’d guess the didn’t know what was going to hit it was due to the scale of the invasion by the biggest empire of the time, rather than the actual invasion
@@ThecrazyvaclavCaesar actually got his rear booted out of Britain more than once. As the sayin goes, ‘Caesar loved invading Britain: it’s why he tried it more than once’.
@@megw7312 The Romans just tried twice. Caligulia had an idea to as well but he fell in love with the shells on the French sea shore and had all his soldiers collecting the. And I wish I knew why ! And what they did with them all 😊
Lucan was a near contempory and his assessment of Caesars British adventure is indicative that not everyone was impressed by his supposed victory followed by sudden exit. His first assault in 55BC was a complete disaster which he blames on misfortune amdbtje weather more so than his own underestimation of his opponent. A skilled general with a large well organised army. Caesar gives us an idea of how big by telling us that by the end of the summer campaign in 54BC the British Pendragon having allowed the largest part of his force return home for harvest still had something like 4000 charioteers at his disposal. Caesar also singles out the chariots for their skill and efficiency wjich again gives us an inkling that they where serious resistance for his legions. (This is why almost a century later the Claudian invasion included a detachment of war elephants specifically sent to counter the chariot threat to both the cavalry and infantry) There is no doubt Caesar faired better on his second campaign having used to his advantage the schism of the civil war that had been on going for over a century before his arrival between the Belgic and Brythonic tribes. But probably not as much as he made claim judging by the way he abandoned the island having apparently subdued it.
I love how this LIDAR technology is almost like some magic crustal ball that can look back in time. Seeing these outlines , and being able to re-construct (in this case) Roman camps & fortresses on a 3d map is a gift for archaeology. Because if you stand there, there's nothing to see. In the past Archaeologist had to make guesses based on old texts and visual clues. Now LIDAR can be used to pinpoint the location, and that saves a lot of time. Especially when new construction or highway is being build, they only have a limited amount of time to preserve and document their findings before the bulldozers come .
imo the most impressive use of LIDAR so far is the uncovering of those massive Mayan citadels and ramparts etc, just the sheer scale of their massive constructions. It's completely changed the our understanding of what they were capable of, and est population figures have had to be adjusted as a result.
@@karwashblark7499 Yes , that's a great example. Especially because they were build in an area where nobody really expected to find much. Difficult to acces, not worth the trouble. Now we see this huge city state with hidden under the trees with LIDAR.
4:22 ... i'm guessing you WON'T point out that Caesars failure in conquering Britain is one of the VERY RARE times Caesar was DEFEATED ...also, the sword in the Coat of Arms of London, is Caesars sword captured in battle
Errr but he didn't though as any historian will tell you. He made an effort to push inland after his first disastrous attempt in 55BC. But he only managed to penetrate what is now the English south coast and in what was Belgic territory before very suddenly abandoning the island. His only spoils where a few hostages and a promise of tribute that never followed. Not even he claimed to have "conquered" Britain. Claudius is the man who's title was rightly given Britannicus.
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage video about Ceasar Julius' invasion of ancient Britain 🇬🇧... video shared by an amazing ( history Hit) channel
I do wonder how contested the landing was the Britons had from dawn till 3 in the afternoon, unless they had their own intel, it would be just villages near the coast, that could be mustered as an ad hoc force.
There is actually an account of the Caesar's invasion fromnthe British perspective believe it or not. It's contained in a 12th century copy of an 8th century text known as the Tysilio chronicle. Renowned egyptologist Flinders Petrie studied and analysed the work and declared it the most neglected book in British history. In the account Caesar is referred constantly as "The bald man" 🤣 It Can be found and read pretty easy along with Petrie' s analysis ont' internet.
I ❤ Julius Caesar, and he was a GREAT stratetician, military general, and even politician. The thing I find interesting is even though archeologists consistently feel in many of these sites that they cannot find or unearth anything for proof or evidence, is because LOGICALLY centuries have past, and much of what might have been left behind has either eroded or were pillaged by the locals after Roman abandonment!
true. almost as much of a war criminal as boudicca. . . . I mean, lopping off the breasts of women living in Londinium to then sew the mouths of those mutilated shut within their lopped off breasts somehow stuffed into their own mouths? . . . . . . . . that’s the sort of thing that makes Titus Andronicus look mild-mannered.
That ramp at Canterbury is like the Roman ramp at Masada in Israel. They were masters of siege warfare, their engineering and determination were next level.
The chalk cliffs have been a feature of that coastline for millenia. The Greek name for Britain (Albion - The white isle) was probably named so due to this very feature
What gets me is that from a modern perspective looking back, the two invasions happened more less back to back, sort of WW1 to WW2 or Gulf War to Iraq War, but almost a hundred years passed for those doing it. Three or four generations. Imagine a hundred years passing and then deciding to invade a country again.
13:03 Seeing a pasty, out of shape, 70 year old man playing dress up as a Roman soldier and throwing a javelin as inspirational music plays is S-tier content 👌🏻
In fact, Caligula had begun preparations for an invasion of Germany, then of Britain; thus part of an invasion fleet had been prepared even before Claudius had become emperor in 41. The main spur to invasion was, undoubtedly, Claudius' wish to look more martial, but there were others: the Roman army garrisoning the Germaniae provinces at the Rhine was now too big and needed a purpose; there had been military mutinies among these legions before; two princely fugitives had laso arrived in Gaul, looking for help (they likely had potential allies on the island). The Narcissus story is worth chasing up, as it is funny.
This idea of two armies clashing into each other from a sprint is hilarious. Not sure what you expect people were back then, but mostly they were afraid for their lifes and wanted to get back home again. A Battle would be two groups in line, feeling for weaknesses in each others defensive live, trying to hit a foot or a head with a spear, behind shields. As soon as the formation fell, the battle was over. That is also why cavalry was so powerful, because it gave you the opportunity to break up enemy ranks by showing up behind or in their side.
This helps me sleep so well it’s such a good quality video and it just makes me feel so peaceful and I just love the video and I just I don’t know what to say like I mean I could listen to it every night but yeah
Quids in then. The South English can ask for something from Italy, Scandinavia, Germans, French, and the Dutch, and then hand all of it to Ireland, North England, Scotland and Wales.
@@redcaoimh3127the Romans never sold the English as slaves , the Romans came to Britain and civilised you animals , the English where uneducated couldn't read or write until the Romans came in and taught up , England didn't even have Roads until the Romans made them for you
The metal shafts of the Pilums (Pila?) were soft metal too, so they got stuck in armour & shields and then would bend to make them even more difficult to remove.
can only take it with a grain of salt since its all speculation but it was a nice watch once again with Ray Mears. Just like to add, That ballista firing the onion looked a bit on the weak side. Only launched the onion a couple feet.
53:22 it is actually impossible for the Britons to have outnumbered the Romans this was an ad hoc force. 1,000 years later with a similar population and a lot better communications and 1 nation Harold could get 7,000 in one place, with the control of the entire nation, not two tribes. 1 or 2 Legions would outnumber the Britons that could be assembled.
This was great! I had no idea the Emperor was actually with them. I just figured where his standard was taken, he was there so I thought it was more like an effigy. Wow!
One thing they didn't mention about the pilum was that it was designed with a wooden pin in the collar that sheared off so that the iron shaft would pivot on the handle. Because of this it was possible to stamp down on the shaft and bring the enemy's shield down, rendering the shield useless. it also rendered the pilum unreturnable.
The map design is horrendous and difficult to see. Why have water a textured brown and earth a smooth black? Also every other shot was a completely different colour grade. Fascinating and very interesting shame about the very poor editing.
If anyone is interested I have a 2nd person piece of historical fiction that deals with the 2nd Invasion of Britain (Claudian). In it you experience life as a Roman Legionary during this invasion.
It does know what's about to hit it, it knows exactly. Caesar has just subdued Gaul and Gaul is 23 miles from Britain! The reason the Britons were lined up on the White Cliffs is because they knew.
“See-zer” would sound more like “Ky-zar” to a Roman, actually “Cloudy-us” sounds more authentic than the “Clordy-us” Ray used in the first half 😅. He’s either been corrected or changed his mind between filming.
Wouldn't be a Ray Mears documentary if he didn't make a fire in the woods at some point I was starting to worry when it was getting 3/4 of the way through and it hadn't yet happened 😮
It’s great to see Ray Mears again, I’ve not seen him on tv in ages .
indeed
I was just thinking "Where have i seen this guy before?"!
History Hit please get more Ray Mears, he makes everything interesting and is the best presenter around these days. Especially for anything regarding the UK.
Really ... 😐
Absolutely, I couldn't agree more. I love watching his programmes.
Ray Mears is what Bear Grylls wishes he could be. Intelligent, thoughtful, actually knowledgeable, with useful information and guidance.
I'm all for Dan Snow and Ray Mears doing a three hour weekly podcast going through the history of Britain it could never ever get boring both fantastic and very knowledgeable presenters
@@Blisterdude123
I really don't care for "Bear Grylls"!!
He's like 'the little train who could' ...
("I think I can, I think I can"...but...
He can't!!) Ray Mears on the other paw, however, _is_ legit _the_ *real deal* & likewise I like Dan Snow, as he's also worth watching, imo.🤔🏴🙂❤️🖖
I'm really disappointed that there hasn't been an epic movie or series about the Roman invasion of Britain. It is probably the most important event in British history and not only that but it has all the characters to make it interesting like Julius Caesar.
Hollyweird has run out of ideas and remake old ideas yet there are 400 years of incredible historical events. War elephants charging at Chariots during the Claudian invasion, The Emeperor Severus epic northern campaigns of the early 3rd century from his base at York.
Constantius Chlorus marrying King Coel' s daughter Helena and producing Constantine the Great crowned Emperor at York.
Carausius rebellion with Allectus coming in with the plot twist.
There are countless possibilities. If only I could write scripts rather than talk bollocks on the internet.
The series Brittanica is very different but quality, nonetheless…
U even get Claudius on an elephant!
@@MarkAbRobert-jv6it not to mention Boudicca. I'd be more interested in a series where the native British tribes are the protagonists. The only risk is Hollywood and Netflix getting their hands on it and turning Caesar into a Mexican and Boudicca an annoying trans "Girl boss".
Boudicca would without a doubt be portrayed as a sassy strong independent wahman with a severe man hating streak due to her daughter's suffering at the hands of the rapey patriarchy. It doesn't even bare thinking about really
@@EstbXCIII History did a relatively decent “Barbarians Rising” series, but the Boudicca episode was painfully bad. I think I’m ok w hollywood leaving her story alone 😂
It's amazing that Ray Mears is in this video, it brings it from a 8.5/10 to an instant 10/10 with the Goat of presenters. ❤
True. I'm glad to see Mears get some recognition and realising just how good he is at all aspects of presenting and presentation. It's so understated, it's brilliant.
I loved watching Ray Mears as a child, he’s such a good story teller.
oh he tells a lot of stories for sure, mostly evolutionist fantasy.
@@abcdjkx if you’re a real person, you’re a failure of a human being.
Always a pleasure to view these documentaries. The content is first class, and the presenters radiate knowledge and enthusiasm. I would like to see Ray Mears present further episodes.
Love Ray Mears and his stylised, simplified way of delivery of history which draws you in and want to stay. Thank you Ray. ❤😊
Love Ray Mears, he make every subject interesting,he is a class act.
Honestly, I love Ray Mears what a legend.
It's soooo good to see Ray again . Bring back Ray Mears bushcraft!
Yeh, it really annoys me when people talk about how good Bear Grylls is. He's a Ray wannabe
@@superhans85 for real , mears is the real og bushcrafter
@@zombiedude25 people ask me, if I was stuck on a desert island and could take only one thing with me, what would it be? Ray Mears is the only answer
Wonderful video.Not a good day for the Britons when Rome under Claudius turned its full attention on conquering the island. The Roman army was a well organized, formidable opponent.
"But in a way that most many politicians aren't today. He had another quality. he was also a brilliant General" He was competent at the tasks he had to perform, unlike the vast majority of current ones.
Presume you’re referring to Julius Caesar. Undoubtedly the great man of his age, but I always keep uppermost in my mind how utterly ruthless and cruel he was, given to wanton slaughter, and above all, self-seeking and corrupt. Much like the rest of the Roman magnates. I think there’s been a tendency, going back to the days of Empire, for the British to identify with the Romans, that first great empire of the west, and to almost unconsciously imagine them to share all sorts of “British “ values and virtues. Explains some of the interest in Roman re-enactment. You’re not going to dress up as someone you regard as strange, foreign and nasty.
I have to agree with you on that point. Most politicians today have nothing but monetary interest and the taking of personal liberties away from the average citizen. Scotlands new laws are completely communist. People going to jail for acknowledging basic biology is insane.
And he actually LOVED his country and people. Unlike today's traitors.
Politicians today are shills and sellouts. They’re frauds. They’re not leaders.
Great peice of work in explaing the Roman in vayion of Britain. I do like history and I will sing up to the history chanel, Bob England UK
A contested amphibious landing- one of the toughest military missions.
"Caesar’s first expedition to Britain had lasted about three weeks. Troops (“about 300”) from the two ships that had been separated from the rest were ambushed by Morini tribesmen. Caesar despatched his cavalry, who chased off the attackers. The next day, the legions just returned from Britain, commanded by Titus Labienus, marched against the rebel Morini, and most were captured. The rest of Caesar’s legions, which had been engaged in a punitive campaign against the Morini’s easterly neighbours, the Menapii, returned from their expedition. Caesar:
… quartered all the legions for the winter in the country of the Belgae. Thither two British tribes and no more sent hostages: the rest neglected to do so."
You can see why his troops followed him all the way to the stairs of the senate house, no man left behind.
I do wonder how contested the landing was the Britons had from dawn till 3 in the afternoon, unless they had their own intel, it would be just villages near the coast, that could be mustered as an ad hoc force.
Not if you don't care about the lives lost and you give orders from the comfort of safety far away from the battlefield
But they couldn't have used those big shields in the water.
Hard to find something as well done as this to watch these days good job Ray proper enjoyed it
"Caesar, sir. Our information on Britannia is spotty at best. We know almost nothing about these Britons apart from their hostility towards us. We have no information on a good place to anchor our fleet, the seas in the area are often tumultuous, we have no maps of the area, and we don't even know if the resources on the island can sustain our army."
"Sounds fun! All aboard!"
He was a pro gambler.
😂😂 Right.
😅😅😅😅
Ceasar is more like Putin, he came for the tin-mines not the small assets
And cliffs of Dover
Ray Mears, along with Michael Palin, is the greatest presenter of all time.
Your right there pal
This video is a fascinating and informative look at the dramatic Roman invasion of ancient Britain. Ray Mears does an excellent job of bringing the story to life. I learned a lot about this important event in history, and I highly recommend this video to anyone interested in the Roman Empire or British history.
DAMN! - this is well done! ALL THESE videos are EXTREMELY well produced! I think I'm gonna join in - see what else they have! Few bucks for documentaries of this quality is no issue.
One of the most important events in history. It set off a series of events that gave us modern Britain. Britain gave us the modern world.
The opposite is also true
Not really. The clock was reset when they withdrew completely in 410.
@@hereandnow3156 Of course it can. There is the site of a Roman villa a quarter of a mile from my house in the corner of a field. There is another one a quarter of a mile further away than that. There is another site of a roman villa one mile in the opposite direction. NOTHING remains of any of them because around 500 AD Angles and Saxons killed and/or threw them out and in the following centuries all the stones were removed to build other houses. Nothing of their language remained either. The only remaining vestiges of Roman occupation are some roads and lanes which were probably pre-existing Bronze and Iron age tracks themselves.
@@robinac6897 You must be incredibly ignorant and/ or uneducated. They gave us new towns, plants, animals, a new religion and new ways of reading and counting. You are so wrong it’s laughable.
Cause and effect only works so simplistically in the tiny minds of insecure little Englishmen who throw off their greyness by living vicariously through their great nation's deeds
Thanks you guys do history how it should be done. I can't say enough how much I enjoy your material
I remember everyone used to like a video theyve watched, the least you can do for a documentary of this quality. Great content, thank you
Ray mears is an absolute legend. Spent my youth watching him on bbc 2.
The UK has the best documentaries
I’d highly agree! Especially on such an amazing range of topics. Check some Martin Rees documentaries on futurism. You won’t be disappointed 👍
I think what puts me off American documentaries is the intrusive LOUD music and the constant sensationalism of the narrator.
Nice to see ray mears. I used to watch his tv survival shows frequently
I worked with Ray Mears, he really is as nice as he seems - lovely to see him on here 😊❤
Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Normans. I still find it amazing just how drenched in history Britain is. I don’t think many people know that Britain is even smaller than New Zealand.
Britain has been multicultural since the beginning of recorded history. Celts, Romans, Saxons, Vikings then the Normans.
These groups fought each other over hundreds and hundreds of years in order to establish their rule and influence over one another. Once the Norman conquest had settled down, Britain held a very stable ethnic population for about 850 years. It is only very recently in history that the UK has willingly opened its doors to multiculturalism and mass immigration, and it's not working out great.
@@smiladon12These groups fought each other over hundreds and hundreds of years in order to establish their rule and influence over one another. That isn’t multiculturalism. Once the Norman conquest had settled down, Britain held a very stable ethnic population for about 850 years. It is only very recently in history that the UK has willingly opened its doors to multiculturalism and mass immigration, and it's not working out great.
@@BirdsfromHuntingdonthe british government are destroying England. Seems the wars never ended.
@@smiladon12 Total cope. The Celts, Romans, Saxons, Vikings & Normans all belonged to the same White race. That can't be said about the unassimilable Africans, Middle Easterners, Pakistanis, Indians, Jamaicans, etc, etc. Keep smoking the copium.
That was great ...I learned so much more. Great Channel. Thank you.
You are so right in what you say , there is no free tickets in life , work for yourself and show purpose in life . This will bring you success and self worth , free is the path to a disastrous future
I find myself routing for the Romans, and I'm a celt! This is so compelling.
Traitor.
@@cymro6537 I know, I know 😏
We know they were here but it slips into the back of the mind and when one is focussed on the details of it, it's _fascinating_ and awe-inspiring.
And I have to say, even more so as our ancestors were the ancient Britons (which I have to remind my Anglo Saxon friends; especially the xenophobic ones who think that the Knights Templar saw off the Romans. 🤔🤔)
@@ac1646 😊👍
Yeah. You couldn't decide between Hitler and western civilization either. Disgraceful
@@hmq9052 Bot; you're on the wrong comment thread 😁😁
Bring back more Ray Mears please!!!
I can't believe how much I've learned from this ancient history documentary. It's so well-researched and detailed-perfect for anyone passionate about history!
An excellent survey of the three incursions; the misunderstanding, that Julius Caesar had been intent on conquest, is often made, but not here.
@Caambrinus He didnt catalogue his campaigns for posterity and our benefit but toward a contempory audience and particulary a Senate that he had to impress due to ambition. I always keeo thst in mind when studying this as it is not a critical and therefore factual account of what happened. Propaganda is what it would be classed as now. Yet veterans obviously told tales and contempory satirists weren't as gullible as later historians might have been. Lucan in Pharisalia eludes to this with the line.."Caesar turnwd his back and fled the naked Britons he had come to conquer".
I'm not actually sure why you are this convinced he took such a great risk as crossing that channel with notoriously land lubbing legions for some kind of "recon" mission.
We know every Emperor from Augustus wanted the title Britannicus, all of them had designs on conquest, Caligulas ridiculous shell collecting and then Roman triumph over the ocean being well known.
To what purpose donyou think he made such a risky trip over the channel for?
@@MarkAbRobert-jv6it As you yourself write, propaganda loomed large in Caesar’s mind and he must have known that there were legal battles (and perhaps worse) waiting for him in Rome, when - eventually - he had to lay down his Gallic command. The two incursions into Britain (well, the first was a near disaster) were meant to invite comparison, not only with Pompey and Lucullus but also with Alexander the Great (his hero and military ‘mentor’). Given the forces at Caesar’s command in Gaul, the expanse of territory he had to control and lingering Gallic dissidence, it would have been very dangerous to attempt even a partial conquest of Britain, as the later Gallic revolt demonstrated. This Caesar knew.
This is such an interesting documentary. I loved that they had someone demonstrate using the weapons and armor. Very cool!
"A finisher offerer" romans had advanced in them 100 years. Cannot get enough roman stuff I love it ❤ thanks
May suggest your assertion the “Britons” didn’t know what was about to “hit” it was wrong. Firstly the southern half of the British Isles had seen successive waves of movements of Celtic tribesman in the last hundred years previous to the first invasion of the Romans. The Romans had made conquests in the Celtic territory in “France” and the Britons had been aiding in resisting the Roman invasion around the “Paris” area and “Normandy.” Julius Caesar in his journals had written about these activities. The invasion of British Isles was partly in response to the Celtic assistance and partly because the Romans knew about the mineral wealth in these lands through long established trading routes.
Celt is a misnomer. It does have its use I suppose but as most people comprehend it,through a very warped idea that the "Celtic" Scot's and the "Celtic" Breton's are the same people with a shared history. is not helpful.
Those Celtic tribes you speak of who colonised England's south coast some century or so before Caesars arrival where Belgae. And they had been at war incessantly with the Bryrhonic tribes of the interior since their arrival. In my opinion this war was even fought over in Ireland during the 1st and 2nd century as tribes from Britain began to emigrate west due to the Roman threat but that's another story.
Other than my issue with that term Celt, I'm in agreement with you here.
The British chronicles (Brut y Brennihed) are seemingly unaware that there was any kind of oppostion at the beaches as the main army under Cassibelinus where further inland not knowing where Caesar would land, which suggests Caesars landing was only opposed by local levies. Caesar stated himself that a British parliament had elected Cassibelinus as General (Pendragon). Which also suggest the Britons did indeed know what was coming.
Thank you for this. I'm guessing as they were trading, word got around about the pesky Romans. 🤔😁
I’d guess the didn’t know what was going to hit it was due to the scale of the invasion by the biggest empire of the time, rather than the actual invasion
@@ThecrazyvaclavCaesar actually got his rear booted out of Britain more than once.
As the sayin goes, ‘Caesar loved invading Britain: it’s why he tried it more than once’.
@@megw7312 The Romans just tried twice. Caligulia had an idea to as well but he fell in love with the shells on the French sea shore and had all his soldiers collecting the. And I wish I knew why ! And what they did with them all 😊
Brilliant. Best History Hit for a long time. Although I'd be very surprised if the meanders on the Medway haven't changed in 2000 years.
It's great to see Mr Mears still smashing it. Great documentary again thank you.
The storytelling in this ancient history documentary is captivating-felt like I was right there!
I really enjoyed. this History Hit, will look forward to more.
"Caesar turned his back and fled in Terror the naked Britons he had come to conquer" Lucan (Pharisalia)
Lucan was a near contempory and his assessment of Caesars British adventure is indicative that not everyone was impressed by his supposed victory followed by sudden exit.
His first assault in 55BC was a complete disaster which he blames on misfortune amdbtje weather more so than his own underestimation of his opponent. A skilled general with a large well organised army. Caesar gives us an idea of how big by telling us that by the end of the summer campaign in 54BC the British Pendragon having allowed the largest part of his force return home for harvest still had something like 4000 charioteers at his disposal. Caesar also singles out the chariots for their skill and efficiency wjich again gives us an inkling that they where serious resistance for his legions. (This is why almost a century later the Claudian invasion included a detachment of war elephants specifically sent to counter the chariot threat to both the cavalry and infantry)
There is no doubt Caesar faired better on his second campaign having used to his advantage the schism of the civil war that had been on going for over a century before his arrival between the Belgic and Brythonic tribes. But probably not as much as he made claim judging by the way he abandoned the island having apparently subdued it.
I love how this LIDAR technology is almost like some magic crustal ball that can look back in time. Seeing these outlines , and being able to re-construct (in this case) Roman camps & fortresses on a 3d map is a gift for archaeology. Because if you stand there, there's nothing to see. In the past Archaeologist had to make guesses based on old texts and visual clues. Now LIDAR can be used to pinpoint the location, and that saves a lot of time. Especially when new construction or highway is being build, they only have a limited amount of time to preserve and document their findings before the bulldozers come .
imo the most impressive use of LIDAR so far is the uncovering of those massive Mayan citadels and ramparts etc, just the sheer scale of their massive constructions. It's completely changed the our understanding of what they were capable of, and est population figures have had to be adjusted as a result.
@@karwashblark7499 Yes , that's a great example. Especially because they were build in an area where nobody really expected to find much. Difficult to acces, not worth the trouble. Now we see this huge city state with hidden under the trees with LIDAR.
All way nice to see Ray Mears in quality British documentaries.
Loved the sulphur dipped match 👍
it was the one single piece of information that I had never heard of before.....
4:22 ... i'm guessing you WON'T point out that Caesars failure in conquering Britain is one of the VERY RARE times Caesar was DEFEATED
...also, the sword in the Coat of Arms of London, is Caesars sword captured in battle
That sword was known in antiquity as Yellow Death
@@MarkAbRobert-jv6itfun facts!
Errr but he didn't though as any historian will tell you.
He made an effort to push inland after his first disastrous attempt in 55BC. But he only managed to penetrate what is now the English south coast and in what was Belgic territory before very suddenly abandoning the island. His only spoils where a few hostages and a promise of tribute that never followed.
Not even he claimed to have "conquered" Britain.
Claudius is the man who's title was rightly given Britannicus.
@patrino objectively false
@patrino no he didn't, he INVADED, but didn't CONQUER ...leave intelligence to people with intelligence 🙄🙄🙄
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage video about Ceasar Julius' invasion of ancient Britain 🇬🇧... video shared by an amazing ( history Hit) channel
Between Kingsdown and Sandwich bay was the landing spot? Possibly. There have been some brilliant pre and post Roman finds all around this area.
Landing was in pegwell bay on the Stonar spit when Thanet was an island. They found the landing fort in Ebbsfleet.
I do wonder how contested the landing was the Britons had from dawn till 3 in the afternoon, unless they had their own intel, it would be just villages near the coast, that could be mustered as an ad hoc force.
There is actually an account of the Caesar's invasion fromnthe British perspective believe it or not. It's contained in a 12th century copy of an 8th century text known as the Tysilio chronicle. Renowned egyptologist Flinders Petrie studied and analysed the work and declared it the most neglected book in British history.
In the account Caesar is referred constantly as "The bald man" 🤣
It Can be found and read pretty easy along with Petrie' s analysis ont' internet.
Woo! Ray! Childhood hero that man.
Ray Mears thankyou for all your work on History Hit. You are a brilliant and knowledgable presenter. I have learnt so much,very interesting.
I ❤ Julius Caesar, and he was a GREAT stratetician, military general, and even politician. The thing I find interesting is even though archeologists consistently feel in many of these sites that they cannot find or unearth anything for proof or evidence, is because LOGICALLY centuries have past, and much of what might have been left behind has either eroded or were pillaged by the locals after Roman abandonment!
He was a tyrant and a war criminal but he was definitely a great strategist
F*** that invader, he enslaved and killed my ancestors, then went on to become one of the most despotic tyrants ever.
true. almost as much of a war criminal as boudicca. . . .
I mean, lopping off the breasts of women living in Londinium to then sew the mouths of those mutilated shut within their lopped off breasts somehow stuffed into their own mouths?
. . . .
. . . . that’s the sort of thing that makes Titus Andronicus look mild-mannered.
Caesar committed genocide and was a war criminal. He killed over a million in Gaul and enslaved many more during his campaigns. Not someone to admire.
That ramp at Canterbury is like the Roman ramp at Masada in Israel. They were masters of siege warfare, their engineering and determination were next level.
The pilum if it missed and hit the ground would bend, so that it could not be thrown back
Well , I would .
History is amazing.
Excellent. Ray Mears strikes again!
Nice one Ray and team. 🌟👍
Imagine that the romans saw the cliffs of Dover as we see them today
The chalk cliffs have been a feature of that coastline for millenia.
The Greek name for Britain (Albion - The white isle) was probably named so due to this very feature
What gets me is that from a modern perspective looking back, the two invasions happened more less back to back, sort of WW1 to WW2 or Gulf War to Iraq War, but almost a hundred years passed for those doing it. Three or four generations. Imagine a hundred years passing and then deciding to invade a country again.
13:03 Seeing a pasty, out of shape, 70 year old man playing dress up as a Roman soldier and throwing a javelin as inspirational music plays is S-tier content 👌🏻
In fact, Caligula had begun preparations for an invasion of Germany, then of Britain; thus part of an invasion fleet had been prepared even before Claudius had become emperor in 41. The main spur to invasion was, undoubtedly, Claudius' wish to look more martial, but there were others: the Roman army garrisoning the Germaniae provinces at the Rhine was now too big and needed a purpose; there had been military mutinies among these legions before; two princely fugitives had laso arrived in Gaul, looking for help (they likely had potential allies on the island). The Narcissus story is worth chasing up, as it is funny.
This idea of two armies clashing into each other from a sprint is hilarious. Not sure what you expect people were back then, but mostly they were afraid for their lifes and wanted to get back home again. A Battle would be two groups in line, feeling for weaknesses in each others defensive live, trying to hit a foot or a head with a spear, behind shields. As soon as the formation fell, the battle was over. That is also why cavalry was so powerful, because it gave you the opportunity to break up enemy ranks by showing up behind or in their side.
Please do part 2 for the northern invasions
Omg recognised that voice! Love you ray thanks for this, please do more ♥️
Thank you.
This helps me sleep so well it’s such a good quality video and it just makes me feel so peaceful and I just love the video and I just I don’t know what to say like I mean I could listen to it every night but yeah
Brits, let's talk about getting paid reparations.
We should sneak into Roman pizza making firms , and put pineapple on all pizzas . Reparation ,or what ?!
Quids in then. The South English can ask for something from Italy, Scandinavia, Germans, French, and the Dutch, and then hand all of it to Ireland, North England, Scotland and Wales.
@@redcaoimh3127 Seems only fair!
Hahahaha I'm Canadian I could ask the same from you but can't change history
@@redcaoimh3127the Romans never sold the English as slaves , the Romans came to Britain and civilised you animals , the English where uneducated couldn't read or write until the Romans came in and taught up , England didn't even have Roads until the Romans made them for you
This is brilliant
The metal shafts of the Pilums (Pila?) were soft metal too, so they got stuck in armour & shields and then would bend to make them even more difficult to remove.
Oh Ray Mears! Love him:)
The guy dressed as a roman legionaire was having too much fun 😂
Ray's obvious disappointment at the reproduction catapult's lame performance was hilarious!😂
As an American I have no idea who this man is but I can listen to him narrate and explain anything.
Probably in next episode when you do a visual, throw the pilum towards a real shield, rather than cardboard.
Those were the good ol' days.
Nice one Ray 👌👌👍
Amazing to watch
Good God, now I want to play "Rome: Total War" as either the Julii or the Britons. ⚔️🛡️🏹
Thanks for posting
can only take it with a grain of salt since its all speculation but it was a nice watch once again with Ray Mears. Just like to add, That ballista firing the onion looked a bit on the weak side. Only launched the onion a couple feet.
22:04 actually the reason Caesar went back to Gaul.was that during his time in Britain revolts had started in Gaul.
53:22 it is actually impossible for the Britons to have outnumbered the Romans this was an ad hoc force. 1,000 years later with a similar population and a lot better communications and 1 nation Harold could get 7,000 in one place, with the control of the entire nation, not two tribes. 1 or 2 Legions would outnumber the Britons that could be assembled.
Excellent work.
This was great! I had no idea the Emperor was actually with them. I just figured where his standard was taken, he was there so I thought it was more like an effigy. Wow!
Well , with them when the capitulation came !
Julius Caesar wasnt Emepror.
@@MarkAbRobert-jv6it They weren't talking about him then, wouldn't you think?
Love Ray Mears!
Subscribed just for Ray Mears. More content with him is always welcomed :)
As an ex royal marine. Its nice to get mentioned ❤
One thing they didn't mention about the pilum was that it was designed with a wooden pin in the collar that sheared off so that the iron shaft would pivot on the handle. Because of this it was possible to stamp down on the shaft and bring the enemy's shield down, rendering the shield useless. it also rendered the pilum unreturnable.
Do you have any videos on Star Forts that are in many areas and who built them. ?
Yes and their crash games are pretty cool too started on a recommendation from a friend and now I’m hooked
The map design is horrendous and difficult to see. Why have water a textured brown and earth a smooth black? Also every other shot was a completely different colour grade. Fascinating and very interesting shame about the very poor editing.
If anyone is interested I have a 2nd person piece of historical fiction that deals with the 2nd Invasion of Britain (Claudian). In it you experience life as a Roman Legionary during this invasion.
It does know what's about to hit it, it knows exactly. Caesar has just subdued Gaul and Gaul is 23 miles from Britain! The reason the Britons were lined up on the White Cliffs is because they knew.
When I look out my window I`m 20 foot away from a Roman canal in the UK. The Oldest in the UK. Thank Rome. Sorry about making the A46 road bendy.
Ray Mears is a fantastic presenter. Ancient Rome is a fantastic subject.
43:00 No fortress like that can be done in 3 hours, come on. Primary sheltel maybe but takes months to dig and built that kind of structures.
Is his pronunciation of Claudius correct ?
“See-zer” would sound more like “Ky-zar” to a Roman, actually “Cloudy-us” sounds more authentic than the “Clordy-us” Ray used in the first half 😅. He’s either been corrected or changed his mind between filming.
Very interesting, thanks 🙏
@ 11:00 those shields would have been a huge impediment when wading in knee to thigh deep water and only useful on dry land.
Ray Mears should be on more history stuff the man is a absolute legend
Wouldn't be a Ray Mears documentary if he didn't make a fire in the woods at some point
I was starting to worry when it was getting 3/4 of the way through and it hadn't yet happened 😮
Yeah, it's great how they offer those. Helps smooth out the ups and downs a bit. Do you usually go for games of chance or strategy