MASTERING THE MARKET CYCLE (BY HOWARD MARKS)

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 19 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 221

  • @TheSwedishInvestor
    @TheSwedishInvestor  5 ปีที่แล้ว +31

    More of “The Most Important Things” in stock market investing: bit.ly/2QOANKP

    • @janshuster1426
      @janshuster1426 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      You should do a summary of Robert Lichello's book
      How to make $1,000,000 in the stock market automatically.
      Best investing book I ever read.

    • @fikilegroening7222
      @fikilegroening7222 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi how are you lm fine the swedish investor

    • @dentalcrowninanhour
      @dentalcrowninanhour 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      📳

    • @nateriver5895
      @nateriver5895 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You are a genious

    • @george6977
      @george6977 ปีที่แล้ว

      ​@quicksandd
      The Swedish investor deserves to earn something for his output.

  • @mr100x3
    @mr100x3 4 ปีที่แล้ว +144

    Channels way underrated, we appreciate your work.

    • @rickmartin3053
      @rickmartin3053 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      This is so true

    • @My2hours
      @My2hours 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      He is climbing his way up ☝️

  • @suyogpatil2297
    @suyogpatil2297 4 ปีที่แล้ว +87

    This is the most undervalued channel!
    If it was a stock i would have heavily invested in it😉

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  4 ปีที่แล้ว +21

      Haha, I appreciate it Suyog Patil! I hope I'll be able to live up to that hype by producing more valuable content for you here in the future 😊

    • @ghostgutarist5234
      @ghostgutarist5234 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      yep, cause it is educatinal, and u know how interested people are to learn. Good for people who learn.

    • @CST1992
      @CST1992 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@TheSwedishInvestor Do you take donations? I'd love to pay you back some for the value you create for the community!

  • @cassandrawid9953
    @cassandrawid9953 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Helt otroliga videor! Så lätta att förstå och det sätter sig som betong på 15 minuter, eftersom jag är en visuell inlärare. Helt magiskt att du tagit dig tiden att skapa sånt här värde och dela med dig. Tack snälla!!!! Guld är du

  • @annay9849
    @annay9849 4 ปีที่แล้ว +56

    I'm so glad I found your channel! There are so many useful books around and I absolutely don't have time to read them all. Your summaries allow me to get at least a basic idea of what the main points of the book are and I can benefit from them within 15 mins, rather than spending considerably more time trying to read the whole book. Thank you so much for your great work!

  • @jayhay1237
    @jayhay1237 5 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Common investment rules shattered by increasing your knowledge. Great review of how to follow the most fundamental rule to buy low and sell high. "Don't time the market!" the beginners shout. Ask yourself: how can I buy low and sell high without proper timing? "Asking that question is the first step, grasshopper..."

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Cheers Jay! The legendary investors all had/have their techniques for timing the markets, although some did/do it (like Buffett) only by looking at individual stocks, pretty much ignoring the market overall

  • @GenExDividendInvestor
    @GenExDividendInvestor 5 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    (commenting as I watch)... One of the lessons I learned long ago was that if you invest in quality, you should just keep holding it. There will be ups and downs, but overtime quality keeps trending up... I liked the aggressiveness vs defensiveness comments if you are a trader.. Though my personal strategy is primarily to buy and hold quality dividend companies, regardless of market conditions.

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  5 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      Agreed. Different investors have different approaches to this, and apparently, they can all be successful. Howard Marks has achieved major success using this approach, Buffett has achieved major success without analyzing the cycle specifically. Buffett is still being aggressive at times and defensive at other times just as Howard suggests, but his approach is much more indirect (if there are no great companies at fair prices in the market, he waits on the sidelines).

  • @chulangaaverilhettiarachch3267
    @chulangaaverilhettiarachch3267 ปีที่แล้ว +60

    To the person reading this: Even though I don’t know you, I wish you the best of what life has to offer ❤

    • @jahouser6273
      @jahouser6273 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Thank you, blessings to you

    • @salongkunchudyangmoo2667
      @salongkunchudyangmoo2667 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Wish you the same!

    • @CompoundBrown
      @CompoundBrown 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Same to u. And thanks for the love ❤️

    • @aprozek7019
      @aprozek7019 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      You to 💯

  • @JGML8
    @JGML8 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    ¡Gracias!

  • @1Akanan1
    @1Akanan1 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    ''Brian finds 22.9 P/E in excessive territory'', 22.9 sounds pretty cheap to me today when I look at what's available :D

  • @OGSmoke49
    @OGSmoke49 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    If you don’t have the book go invest in it now it’s great 👍🏽

  • @charlesnorvow
    @charlesnorvow 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Great video to explain wealth cycle and how to estimate when to switch the asset class! Thanks for your contribution. Big thumbs up!

  • @deepakbhoria4172
    @deepakbhoria4172 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    So lucky to find your channel. You deserve way many subscribers... keep up the good work, many will follow :)

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Cheers Deepak Bhoria, I appreciate your support! I'm quite flattered by the number of people who have subscribed up until this point I have to say. I certainly didn't expect it when I started this channel!

  • @dennismorris7573
    @dennismorris7573 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Another great analysis summary, so charmingly created and presented by the Swedish Investor.

  • @rosskline
    @rosskline 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm a wealth manager and this is an excellent explanation! Great video.

  • @macka534
    @macka534 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    10:05 only for short-termed swings

  • @Bayle-s9e
    @Bayle-s9e 5 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Marks' books are great - and this summary is excellent!

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you for your support M.C. 😁👍

    • @hou-fuking502
      @hou-fuking502 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@TheSwedishInvestor Dear Sir, thank you for your excellent summaries. May I suggest two other books? 1)The Little Book of Bull Moves in Bear Market. 2) The Little Book of Bull's Eye Investing?

  • @Z3kyTw0
    @Z3kyTw0 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    loving your videos bro! excellent quality stuff!! keep em coming.

  • @reillycoetzee3766
    @reillycoetzee3766 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I think this is the best one I've watched yet, thanks for the great quality content!

  • @JS62515
    @JS62515 3 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Thanks so much for all the time you put into this. Invaluable channel for the worlds investing community. Once you get really popular you should move all these videos to your own site and charge a premium for people access them.

  • @kaushiknarayanan.c1678
    @kaushiknarayanan.c1678 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Subscribed your channel right away! Glad, I got to know about your channel. Keep up the good work🥳

  • @theanimatedengineer2072
    @theanimatedengineer2072 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hello swedish investor. You do a great job summarizing the books you have covered on this channel. I have read a lot of these books, i can appreciate its difficult to capture all the learnings, but you come very close. Again, great work.

  • @cory99998
    @cory99998 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I like how he says that evaluating highs / lows isn't scientific since then it wouldn't be profitable. That's exactly what draws me to being a game designer since the puzzle / challenge of figuring out complicated problems via critical thinking and intuition is extremely compelling to me. Because it's so difficult to do, it's extremely rewarding when you can do it better than everyone else. Mentally and monetarily.

  • @abhijitkhialani
    @abhijitkhialani 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Very well explained...thanks again..keep up the good work..

  • @sonny199
    @sonny199 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Best channel ever

  • @k.6160
    @k.6160 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    This was a really good video! So much information! ❤️👏👏 Thank you!

  • @blackmagick77
    @blackmagick77 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Does that real estate guru have a book? That comment of his has gotten my interest. I couldnt figure out how these companies get all this money to do what they need to do.

  • @SarkisKlinik
    @SarkisKlinik 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Hi, is these sharp decline in NVIDIA a correction or a distribution phase cycle? Thanks

  • @ghostgutarist5234
    @ghostgutarist5234 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love the Content. Invealuable

  • @robertmelvin7908
    @robertmelvin7908 5 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Awesome video, I couldn't wait to send out the link to friends. I love the graphics and the simplicity. This was a great intro that should be taught at all levels of schooling. I need to check out the book to see if it goes into more detail beyond the bear - bull market and into this uncertainty period or resistance - breakout phase. Most investing firms still see a recession in the future, but that's simple a another cycle; more driven by the new media and panic than ... sorry for the rant.

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you Robert Melvin! 🙌 I definitely think that the book is worth a read, it goes into much greater detail about some of the points, and it also covers many takeaways that I couldn't fit in the video, like the best traits to become a successful investor, what a superior investment philosophy needs etc.

  • @krisnasuryana
    @krisnasuryana ปีที่แล้ว

    The best book that everyone should really read
    Thank you so much for the summary

  • @wetradewaves
    @wetradewaves 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Great video, Keep it up!

  • @ralphdsouza9987
    @ralphdsouza9987 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Gratitude for your efforts! Your channel is amazing!

  • @rowanwood5397
    @rowanwood5397 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    the date today is november 13, 2020. DJIA is at 29,479, near an all time high. stocks have relatively "astronomically high" valuations. it seems like the we are at the peak boom of a market cycle. but, the fed has stopped the downturn from occurring. the fed has broken the market cycle. or is this a question: has the fed broken the market cycle or will we see the normal return to mean level soon?

  • @Luc9Nine
    @Luc9Nine 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    damn, this is great content. one of the best channels i have seen

  • @evaristegalois8600
    @evaristegalois8600 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Can you make a video about alchemy of finance by soros?

  • @dommotos
    @dommotos 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Why there is very low background sounds in your videos???

  • @brunomanco7529
    @brunomanco7529 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    U need to review robert shiller irrational exuberance

  • @piotrpp5478
    @piotrpp5478 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Expected payout of bag A is 1500, not 500?

  • @According2Adam
    @According2Adam 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    hit like if you think we are in an over-valued state currently. Comment if you think we aren't in an overvalued market.

    • @reeve1able
      @reeve1able 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I’m very bullish for now - imo the Cycle ended in 2018 with oil exploration stocks at highs same as 2008 - home building stocks & tech have soared like 2009/10 - financials & biotech have gone like 2011/12 we have good tailwinds - unemployment is low - no banking crisis - the dollar should improve helping transport stocks which just hit new highs - im very bullish on airline stocks - unless we get a war - I bought on Trumps Iran announcement

    • @supremevision631
      @supremevision631 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Where would you say we are currently?

  • @juanfernandez3633
    @juanfernandez3633 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    currently reading this book.. about halfway.. better than his other book. still a bit of a dry read.

  • @tomyshaw977
    @tomyshaw977 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    I would not recommend trying to time the market, buy, and hold would be the best strategy for the average investor. Markets can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent. Timing requires that you take on a lot of stress focusing on a few stocks. One of the number one rule in investing diversifying is more important than timing the market.

    • @SimpleAbundance
      @SimpleAbundance 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      When trading you have to be right twice. This detours most traders into investing once you explain it to them.

  • @juanfernandez3633
    @juanfernandez3633 ปีที่แล้ว

    instant classic and a must read.. its on my favorite shelf

  • @panchasanguparakalarajan8948
    @panchasanguparakalarajan8948 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you sir for sharing this.

  • @drjems
    @drjems 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Superb...
    Kindly make video on definitive guide to position sizing

  • @HansSchwarz0130
    @HansSchwarz0130 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This channel is a gem! You should definitely do some advertising and I am sure you will attract many people

  • @moremoola
    @moremoola 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very well explained!

  • @hobowithagun24
    @hobowithagun24 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is needed right now. We are approaching the end of a business cycle

  • @saumilparikh6349
    @saumilparikh6349 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are doing great job

  • @f3nt0
    @f3nt0 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Brian is timing the market, right?

  • @mosoixx8509
    @mosoixx8509 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you for this great video! 😊🙏🏾

  • @JKillen
    @JKillen 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I’m literally Brian right now. I sold on some swings that were profitable ten days later. Worst thing was, it swung based on the tendency we bet on. Feeling super dejected. And not sure to jump back in or not

  • @payaljoshi4001
    @payaljoshi4001 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Keep posting such knowledge. Thanks a lot. 🙏

  • @harisxnkr
    @harisxnkr 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Amazing. Thank you!

  • @kww6425
    @kww6425 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Awesomeness together.....❤

  • @creativecontent5173
    @creativecontent5173 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank you

  • @sarthakkgangwani762
    @sarthakkgangwani762 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Please summarise buffetology.(book)

    • @sarthakkgangwani762
      @sarthakkgangwani762 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Mr. 8-Bit Doggo I don't know the answer to that.

  • @mellenndomanais
    @mellenndomanais 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Thanks for this summary! Will definitely add this to my list of books to read

  • @NickPeitsch
    @NickPeitsch 5 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    I've learned to continue buying stocks NO MATTER what we perceive the market cycle to be!
    However, it's always good to save some cash on the side to invest on a rainy day :)

    • @wallopwallop9125
      @wallopwallop9125 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Investing Engineered plz stop commenting on these videos I get all the self promo stuff but plz

    • @wallopwallop9125
      @wallopwallop9125 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Joshua Arceo I know lol, literally no input just does it for exposure. I have no problem with this just not on every single investing video.

  • @sergeydimitrov2806
    @sergeydimitrov2806 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Love your vids!!

  • @jessew8568
    @jessew8568 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks you review a lot of good books that I wouldn't have ever found.

  • @victorq5309
    @victorq5309 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    For the ones who like to hold for a while. Just follow quarters or semesters, retracemenrs are discount of those cycles.

  • @edwardteach2
    @edwardteach2 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    For the chart: how is the investing community acting. What does that mean if you get a mix from both sides? Or they breakeven with 50% on the left & 50% on the right?

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Great question. If it is quite even, the market is not excessively high nor excessively low. There's no tendency for a movement in either direction in that case 👍 Please note that you can find the original version of the list from Howard Marks here:
      www.oaktreecapital.com/docs/default-source/memos/2006-03-27-it-is-what-it-is.pdf?sfvrsn=2
      (the list is a bit more extensive than I presented it in the video)

  • @ds5875
    @ds5875 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love your channel. Can you turn these into podcasts so I can listen whilst at work?

  • @LetsbeYannis
    @LetsbeYannis 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Great work and content.Visited Sweden last year and i am really curious of how the stock market works over there and what brokers you use etc you should to a video with your favorite companies or Swedish portfolio and what the differences are with American investing.
    Do these books correlate with how the system works there etc.
    Thanks

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you for your suggestion & support John K! I will make some type of video on my portfolio in the future, but it is not planned in the near-term. Anyhow, stay tuned :)

  • @recoverfromdrawdowns1272
    @recoverfromdrawdowns1272 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great video, thanks for sharing your expertise.

  • @TheWorkingClassroom
    @TheWorkingClassroom 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Probability plays out closer to its expectations in larger sample sizes. The more days you add to your stock holdings, the more likely it is that the scenario you've deemed likely, is to come true. This is assuming that you're valuing the company correctly.

  • @eventhatsme
    @eventhatsme 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for making all of these interesting videos! Could you clarify a little on the "taking the temperature" part of the video: The P/E for S&P 500 has been above the median or mean ever since about 2012 based on this criteria. Would this imply that you should have chosen the "defensive portfolio" all this time?

  • @husseinsoliman8714
    @husseinsoliman8714 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow.👌🏼 amazing content plz keep providing more and more

  • @jamesgroomes1812
    @jamesgroomes1812 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    the audio book the end of alchemy was awesome on central banking i listened to it maybe five times sofar. Its neat.

  • @st0a
    @st0a 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Brian is a very clever polar bear 🐻‍❄💸

  • @parimalshinde4823
    @parimalshinde4823 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Too good way explained.. Thanking you

  • @MattCommins
    @MattCommins 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Awesome video! I wonder if there's any coincidence why this book was chosen right now? 🤔😋

  • @jamesstephen1516
    @jamesstephen1516 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for your review

  • @murugnimai
    @murugnimai 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nicely explained.. thank you

  • @domoto88
    @domoto88 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Brian the bear? If it's a bear shouldn't he prefer bear market

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Agreed! Both him and me does! We love buying stocks when they are on sale :)

  • @Postal82
    @Postal82 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The USA has a lower threshold that people who are not working and fall below the line in longevity of not working get cut from the statistics. This implies that the USA's GDP is false as well.

  • @sarthakkgangwani762
    @sarthakkgangwani762 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Hi I am a big fan of yours from India of age14 and just want to thank you for the knowledge you have given me. If I someday become the next Benjamin Graham I will surely mention you in foreword of my book as my guru along with various other people.Also I didn't quite understand the book summary of security analysis that good. And any recommendations for me as a future investor?? And how to do fundamental analysis of a company and please explain terms like pe ratio ,ebit etc.👍👍😀😀

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I'm happy to hear that the content on the channel has been valuable to you Sarthakk Gangwani. Also, it is awesome that you start at such an early age, you truly have a great opportunity to have compound interest working in your favor.
      I cannot explain in one comment what you are asking for, but I will give some general advice:
      - Read and learn as much as you can (about investing in general)
      - Start to investigate strong companies. It's important to build up a data-base of possible opportunities in your mind early
      - Do not listen to specific investing advice, pick your own stocks
      - Really go out of your way to gather that starting capital
      - Make mistakes early. Small portfolio = manageable mistakes, large portfolio = potentially devastating mistakes

    • @sarthakkgangwani762
      @sarthakkgangwani762 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@TheSwedishInvestor but in India you're not allowed to trade until 18 years as you need something called PAN to make demat account,which is only for adults

  • @octavio-blues-sound3022
    @octavio-blues-sound3022 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey Swedish Investor... You do really fine work... Could be at your hand to make the "Stock Market Investing for Beginners and Dummies" and/or "Dividend Investing for Dummies" by Giovanni Rigters???
    I'll thank you anyway...
    Have a nice 2021...!!!

  • @sarthakkgangwani762
    @sarthakkgangwani762 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank you-Your biggest admirer.😀

    • @TheSwedishInvestor
      @TheSwedishInvestor  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Cheers Sarthakk Gangwani! Thankful for your support!

  • @papabear4066
    @papabear4066 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice explanation

  • @butch28butch28
    @butch28butch28 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Are you selling this book summaries as PDF?
    I would buy it for 5-10 usd.

  • @ZxZ239
    @ZxZ239 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where do you find that community sentiment table on the website

  • @apga1998
    @apga1998 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How little we learn! Stop trying to time the market! If you don't have the patience or time to absorb a 50% decrease in your assets, perhaps you shouldn't be in the market. There are broadbased, inexpensive funds which will allow any patient investor to gain the market's return over many years of dollar-cost averaging. Take advantage of them! Let the pros try to time the market.....most do not beat an index fund.

  • @m.johnmorency4230
    @m.johnmorency4230 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can an investor can an investor use the macroeconomic formula instead of the GDP = Number of hours worked X Productivity per hour formula ?

  • @teck6492
    @teck6492 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video!

  • @josevega8080
    @josevega8080 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome videos

  • @benzpinto
    @benzpinto 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    i wonder where we are in the market today?

  • @michaelmallal9101
    @michaelmallal9101 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    The trend is your friend. I didn't win the recent $200 million Powerball, two others did.

  • @sangeetabadekar3940
    @sangeetabadekar3940 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    You can take video on money mindset

  • @lexlevi1
    @lexlevi1 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I’m mad this video doesn’t have 10 billion views because ppl don’t realize this at all

  • @multibaggerswings
    @multibaggerswings 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great 👌

  • @muffemod
    @muffemod 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    PE 40+ baby!

  • @AcesizOfficial
    @AcesizOfficial 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Gems 💎

  • @FYPNLP
    @FYPNLP 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    That was awesome 🙂

  • @ariyanpal4387
    @ariyanpal4387 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Man

  • @euginsa
    @euginsa 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    It would be great if the idea of book is sumup

  • @tyronlachica6362
    @tyronlachica6362 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    thanks mate!

  • @dudewheresmyguitar21
    @dudewheresmyguitar21 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Cept you cant really tell where were at right now, the beginning of a downtrend or at the bottom, nobody knows. Definitely a risk off enviorment so wouldnt be crazy risky here but who knows if this is the start of a dip of the end

  • @InvestingEducation
    @InvestingEducation 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Like reading abt the experiences and wisdom of seasoned investors.