How Roman trade with India made the Empire rich
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ก.ย. 2024
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We are continuing our new animated historical documentary series on the Roman trade and economy with a video on the trade with India via the Red Sea. Our previous video showed that the conquest of Egypt became crucial for the Empire financially and part of it was the trade with the Indian states and the lucrative spice trade. So, what made the Roman empire trade with India so beneficial? Find out in this video!
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Sources:
Adrian Goldsworthy - Augustus: From Revolutionary to Emperor
Raoul McLaughlin - The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean: The Ancient World Economy and the Kingdoms of Africa, Arabia and India
Raoul McLaughlin - Rome and the Distant East: Trade Routes to the Ancient Lands of Arabia, India and China
Alan K. Bowman and Dominic Rathbone - Cities and Administration in Roman Egypt
Adrian Goldsworthy - Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsou...
#Documentary #Rome #RomanEmpire
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Please make videos on delhi sultanate of medieval india...
Hm. You state that Ptolemaic Egypt hunted for elephants in Ethiopia and Somalia. That claim sounds totally unrealistic to me. Elephants are divided into two very genetically distinct groups that are unable to procreate with each other. One is Indian elephant, and the other is African elephant. African elephants are recognizable by their big ears and flat forehead and are also larger and both females and males have tusks. Indian elephants have much smaller ears, dome shaped forehead, are smaller and females have no tusks. The other major difference is that Indian elephants are tamable, while African elephants are not. North African elephants were much smaller than the ones from India, but both belonged to the same species, so North African elephants were tamable and behaved the same way as Indian elephants. In Somalia and Ethiopia, Ptolemaic Egyptians could have only hunted for African elephants which could have been of no use to them since they were totally untamable.
It's great to watch your video and hopefully you will create a good video in this way too. Thank You Sir
2 not simple questions: what did the romans export to india and how much it contributed to the trade balance? what was the importance of socotra island, no mention at all?
PLEASE! MAKE NEW VIDEOS ABOUT ROMAN ECONOMY!🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
As much as I love the military videos, this kind of videos delving into economy, trade routes and infrastructures is extremely insightful and fascinating and I am learning a lot more than I had expected.
I'd love to see more of this kind of video. They're absolutely phenomenal ^^
There will be more!
@@KingsandGenerals amazing dude. I'll tell ya something bout the ripples this trade had. I'm from India and grew up with a substandard life- intellectual and talent is subverted and treated like pet litter; most people half starved but, nearly all families have disproportionate amounts- and in some cases obscene amounts of gold. Fashioned into jewellery and passed around for pitiful purposes such as dowry, it's still incredible how ancient wealth, even after being plundered, exists here.
Quite some time ago I was roaming youtube frustratedly and leaving angry comments about how history is more than just bloody battles and calling all these "history interested people" hypocrites for being only on about war all the time.
There is no measure in which to express just how happy I am about the way your channel branched out.
you cant win war if your economy and infrastructures sucks
@@MrAizatazmi resources and economy building are the main factor in the strategy games I play. If you develop enough income, anything is possible.
I want to see a video about the Indian side of this trade. How did India manage to produce such luxury goods in quantities large enough to support another entire empire? What did the Indians think of the export? Was roman money valued in india or did they trade with rome out of kindness?
Alexander was defeated in India and subsicuently because of the wounds of the war by India he succumbed to death, he was let go by Porus on mercy. Alexander died just by trying to scratch the surface of India, and the troops morals were hit so hard that it caused mutiny among them.
Excellent work on the video. Would also like to see some documents from the Indian kingdoms regarding the volumes of trade. Don't know if they're available though!
More content like this, looking at economics and politics, not just battles.
Pliny the elder in 77CE - India is the sink of all the world's gold.
It still is.
@большой половой член India's population is nearly 20% of the world's population so that makes sense
@@lewistaylor2858 No it doesn't. China's population is also roughly the same. So it to be normal Chinese too should have similar possession in gold. But they don't.
@@Andyxylius I honestly think China is currently the sink of the world's gold
@@jinjunliu2401 China isn't obsessed with gold.
Romans (trade with India)
Europe after 1000 years: "we need to find this place called India"
Awsm
Age of Discovery started from 1453.
Europeans knew where India was, the problem was, that the Muslim states were in between, most notably the Ottoman Empire, which heavily taxed any non-muslim trade going through their territory. That's why the Christian countries looked for a way around the Muslim held lands.
@@SinsGamingChannel Trade with Greece Rome was going on for many millennia.
@@joydeepghosh1781 sathavahana period 100bc to 3ce.
Trade with Roman Empire= Got Rich
Trade with Chinese Empire= Got Rich
Trade with British Empire= Got Rekt
In china case its got high.
yup British seriously lack how to trade.
@@lordpochinki2112 that's why we are happy there are out of the EU
@@lordpochinki2112 indeed you can just looke at whats happaning today.
@@lordpochinki2112 you are either joking or just dumb. The British empire's main income was from trade. They didn't go around the literal globe, and colonizing everything for nothing. It was for trade. And they were good at it, very good at it.
Once gold enters India it never leaves India, it is not traded it just gets handed down to the next generation
During the 1CE and till the 12th and 13th century CE,the major part of India's precious metal,be it Gold,Silver or Diamond used to b kept in religious places like temples....But after many foreign invasions everything was looted...Then later Indians realised that it's better to keep the precious metal safe....In today's world Indian housewives hold 11percent of worlds gold,which is ritually passed down to families....
@@dkaswan and kerala based jewelleries know exactly the same.. Thats why most of indias money is going to 3,4 families in kerala, added to that the same kerala based finance companys give loans on gold as security... So again the gold goes back, to kerala...
we value gold..and it is considered sacred and as a security for many Indian woman..
@@feelingacoustic5143 And yet, I never thoroughly understood it's allure and thereby it's value. You can make pretty trinkets or adornments from it, but not tools or weapons as it is too soft.
@Go Fish CE for Common Era is a modern alternative for AD, meaning Anno Domini. Traditionally, the western calendar has divided dates into BC (Before Christ) and AD ("In the Year of Our Lord" in Latin).
Interesting to see this video. The richest temple in the world in Trivandrum, Kerala where Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple's recently discovered treasures show several boxes of roman coins amassed during such trade. Good to see this video and keep up the awesome work 👍🏼
@Pillars of Creation you can't open the vaults of the temple anyways so doesn't matter
we are all waiting for her to get killed of.
@Pillars of Creation brother, it doesn't matter. The treasures are not on display. They're locked up. But there's a lot still to see in India, especially Kerala. Do visit. Regards.
the grant idol in the temple itself is a site to watch. Muziris museum and heritage site have plenty of Roman ,Chinese gold coins and artifacts.
@Pillars of Creation Malayali ano? You can visit if you want. How are they gonna figure out if you're hindu or not?
So the luxury items were introduced in Europe from India.
By pride pandiyas of Tamil..
@@sabhrestman6644 some luxury items isn't everything
@@sabhrestman6644 stop this 😬
@@sabhrestman6644 No, at the time of Aurangzeb, india was richer than china
@@SamO-ik2cm eating hot food with hands activates your fluids in the body which is essential for digestion.
Roman coins were found in Vietnam...Titus don't surf.
@большой половой член Weren`t even some found in Japan?
It was also the route for Roman ambassadors to travel to China in the 160s. People in different regions around the world back then interacted more than we might know.
In what age? Because maybe at those time there were only Malay Champa civillization..
Proof of Rome's influence is the fact that there have been finds of late 6th and early 7th century Byzantine coins in Ireland.
This is crazy to believe because Ireland wasn't an important player in Europe at all yet they still traded with the Byzantines.
Ironically, that was how Vietnam considered an autonomous, wealthiest province in the last thousand years under China. Vietnamese locals control the lands and most of the trade, which the Chinese overlords only stationed in urban regions near the Red River Delta and few coastal cities. The lack of emphasis on trade from Han to Tang dynasty allows Vietnamese locals becoming wealthy to build an army of their own, and of course they later break off from China after thousands of years. Partially, Roman desire for trade funded the Vietnamese independence and ushered the restoration of Viet identity of sorts.
The good example is Shi Xie, a Han Chinese warlord who allowed Vietnamese locals doing whatever they wanted and promoted free trade unlike Confucius folks in the capital city. Shi Xie during Three Kingdoms basically chilled out in An Nam, smoke his rhino horn medicine and laugh at the fools in the Middle Kingdom. His policies ushered An Nam as the most prosperous region during one of the deadliest civil wars in Chinese history.
It's amazing how connected the ancient world was. I think most people believe the ancient world was isolated to a few regions.
@большой половой член Thor Heiadall (written somewhat like that) did that. He was an absolute mad lad.
@большой половой член Dude how pissed can you be, the Mughal empire (Muslim rulers) kept India rich af for a long ass time
@большой половой член
How is the Abrahamic Faith made the world a shithole?
Quality of life is better now than what was it 200 years ago and the Christian Romans(later Byzantines) and Islamic Empire continued trade
@Somali Kid eehhhh, Christianity and especially Judaism is entirely built on the need of blood sacrifices to satiate God's wrath and anger. Jesus dying on the cross, Jepetha burning on the pyre, King Saul failing to slaughter the entire village, etc. Even muslims revere Abraham for being able to sacrifice his son to God. So I do think the whole sacrifice thing continues well into Abrahamic religions. I'm not even sure which Pagan religions you might be referring to in the Mediterranean? I know alot of South American and Eastern countries practices immolation and harvest rituals but I thought it was pretty rare? I agree it's pretty reductionist and naive to to view history that way, but you cant deny that during and after the crusades entire portions of Europe and middle east were cut off from another in large part due to religious conflict. Where other polytheistic religions might try and incorporate other neighboring Gods into their pantheon, monotheistic religions like the abrahamic Faith's by design can only acknowledge one God and one view of God. I think this makes them completely incompatible with other local religions and especially amongst each other.
Barely so, it was isolated. There was trade but the average Roman, even a learned one or an aristocrat probably knew absolutely nothing about anything east of Afghanistan, if he even heard of it
Things like this never cease to amaze me. To think that this happened 2000 years ago... Keep up the great work!
We will, thank you!
@odegaard This happens about 2000 years ago with a different population size and different technology. Did you watch the video at all?
@odegaard those 25 trucks were worth all the gold they could find though
india is 15000 yr old civilization is our belief(oral tradition)
Well not for us indians........its normal as
(our gods flew in their vimanas across the continents)😊
India was so wealthy that centuries later , even Europeans like Columbus were desperate to find India .
You are Right
@AARVYY Why?
40% of the global revenues from trade were made in India before English Colonizers arrived. When the Englishman left it was around 5%
@@mirzada24 shut up with the 40% shit, do you think really had fourty percent of the global revenue when most of world wasn't into count, for example only part of Africa was known and part of asia, and the number isn't even accurate, for example entire American contents wasn't into count or Australia which would be biggest in global share, and did you forget many country had huge development in agriculture and infrastructure, you are comparing to the time when entire world wasn't connected, and after agriculture revolution many countries produce large number of goods, for example usa which is global leader, and in the time you're comparing they didn't produce a single grain of rice, now look how many billion of metric tons they produce, it was india lacking to developed, why don't you introduced the quantity of goos india produce before British time to tge time after british rule, you will be surprised Infact india produce more goods during british raj than before, so british Infact increase the number of goods india produce, it just india catches up with the rest of the world which has zero count of goods produce in the time you compared,
Saying india was rich is just bullshit, yeah the kings were more rich before the british but the common peoples was poor through out the time, just india was known for spices doesn't mean every Indian was rich, Infact common people were very poor, Infact life of common peoples improve during british raj even if they slaughter million of Indian
Roman coins is found in keeladi in Tamil Nadu (India) . which is 2500 old
ranjith a not only Romans and Keeladi, numerous coins is in every ancient port town of Tamil country
Tamils coin found in roman
There was Roman settlement in Tamil Nadu in ancient time near coimbatoor
Proud to be a Tamilian
Roman empire was not that old my friend.
Why did India lost to foreign invaders in 1200's & 1800's ?
Ans: Athidi Devo Bhava 🤦♂️
India was political divided the Europeans exploited that give one prince military aid he destroys his rivals while also weakening himself and becomes dependent on europeans to maintain power in the end most of india ended up controlled by client principalities subservient to the british
India was Never United
@@HelloPenguinYT we never had a feeling of oneness or belonging to one common religion
plus europeans had more technologically advanced weapons at that time
@@marjanperveinis8355 do we lose to european??
It's so rare to see westerners talking about India when they're talking about ancient history. It's always Rome, Egypt, Greece, and China.. India is never mentioned in anything no matter what the topic is as if we never existed even though we were one of the biggest empires in the world back then. Thank you for that!
exactly, they talk only Persian empire, Egypt Greek Roman
@काशी मथुरा हमारा है hey i'm not here for liberal conservative debate. I'm only looking to understand more about my country.
@@koteswar009 true! every time i watch a video saying 'history of something' I click on it hoping I'll find out how the thing developed in India along with other countries but India wouldn't be mentioned at all
umm the world is more connected than we thought. so talking about india, u have to talk about china,etc. but they didnt do it here which is dissapointing since thats what india also rich. 😳 its like the just focus on india and rome which is just the small piece of the puzzle.
its like saying silk road is just for china and rome, forget about all the countries in between or southeast asia 😭
@@angelabby2379 you're contradicting yourself
Egypt is like the battery that powers the Roman spark plug. While Egypt is recharged by the Indian generator/alternator.
Best explanation
Exactly. And then people from egypt mock that indians were nothinf infront of them, stupid fellows
Wars and battles are overrated in history.
Please continue with videos about economy.
We mustn't leave out culture, religion, and philosophy too. History is a big jigsaw puzzle, we need more pieces to piece the big picture
Ryrphoros in college we generally study more about politics economy and culture than wars and battles (and even so more in it's repercussion than in it's own)
@RAJU PEDDADA No, wars are politics with bloodshed (as Mao said), they are the extension of it, there's a lot more to history than war
@RAJU PEDDADA Economy is more important than wars. There is a testosterone induced obsession and imbalance with war history... a fetish that blinds people to reality. Many people know war history, very few know economic history. Leaving out economics or placing them as secondary in importance is detrimental to the basic understanding of the infrastructure of history. Most wars are determined by economic power, not military skill per capita/wealth. It is also a myth that war drives advancement. War alone only drives destruction and poverty. War and the threat of war can be a motivation for technological advancement, but there are many such motivations. There are also other economic requirements for this to happen such as surviving economic infrastructures. When this is knocked out of balance by too much war it will eat away at the economic infrastructure too much and there will be a decline. If there is a "healthy" balance of investment in war and economic infrastructure this can cause great advancement. However, as I mentioned, there can be other motivations for advancement besides war. So if the aforementioned investment in war was replaced by investment of these other motivations, even greater prosperity would come about... simply due to getting rid of the needless waste of resources and investment in human life caused by war.
But in the comments there'll always be wars....
India has been a mine of wealth for everyone beyond the Indus river, since almost 2000ys.
shadanan 5000 bro
2000 😂 ?! 5000 years
**6000 years
shadanan: Yet Indians couldn’t even manage their own chattels. Divided amongst themselves and letting foreign bodies rob their wealth and gold. Case in point: “Kohinoor”
Indians seem to be very incompetent to me. Just a load of talking and that’s it!🤨😂
@@Aven-Sharma1991 exactly
Please do a video on the Cholas Empire (It had some history with Southeast Asia), Then Gupta Empire (brought the golden age of India and inventors of 0. Basically, Classical India at it's max potential), the Kushan Empire (Indo-Sino-Greco Empire sitting on the silk road). For Islamic Empires, Delhi Sultanate (The Mamluk Dynasty and Khilji dynasty)
Chola Empire is very very underrated.
Kushan Empire was not "Indo-Sino-Greco Empire", what the hell does that even mean? Kushans were originally a subtribe of Yuezhi people who are thought to be Tocharians. They adopted some Indian and Greek customs but that doesnt make them Indian or Greek!
@@Potatoman1578 they were tocharian ,not yuezi were thought of turk ....they were patron of dharma , they were follower of hinduism and Mahayan buddhism ..their capital was shifted to Mathura
@@Potatoman1578 Tocharian were cousin of indo- aryans. Tamir basin was there homeland until turks and mongol slaughtered them
@@Potatoman1578 They controlled the areas that were once Indo-Greek kingdoms. They had relations with the Bactrians and the Chinese. The Yuezhi people fled due to Chinese, dude.
Ancient long distance trade talk gets me so hard. How about some Sino-Roman routes next
Spoken like q true history lover some silk road action would be welcome as well
@Aleksa Petrovic I remember that episode but it was Byzantine. Too modern for my tastes
Dennis Schohan yuuuuup
@@dennisaur66 Still Roman though. Don't believe the (late western) hype.
Dennis Schohan, How is that Too Modern? 530AD too Modern really, why not just say you prefer classical Antiquity to Late Antiquity
Throughout human history, anyone who traded with India became prosperous and powerful. True again in 21st century.
Anyone who Traded with India got Broke man, but who ever Rule India Economically , Politically , Military sense can get extremely Rich.
That's why the Brits learned from Roman mistakes for trading in large deficits,
The Brits bought resources from India just to manufacture and sell back to Indians on a higher price .
And to the chinese , they bought so much tea for Gold, that they decided to smuggle and sell Opuim to the chinese to balance the trade.
An expansion nation requires lots of resources, but if it does not attain favorable Trade, it is hard to maintain Power.
@@thewisemen8504 got good point .it looks china got on trembling feet after learning but india is ruined by politicians and idiotic copy of democracy. India should have made its constitution itself by looking at past and its own needs instead of copying others.
@@navneetparmar3084 Thats what the whole Middle east is doing man , own constitutions, own laws and conduct.
Thats why The one in Power in the world sends army and forces to change their constitutions and make the whole world constitutions as similar as possible , so that the world can avoid conflicts as much as possible.
You see its easier and better to play the chess Boards when everyone follows the same rule and conducts.
but if everyone plays chess their own way, there will only be chaos and unrest.
You see the war and misunderstandings we have now is all because of huge differences.
The world is getting smaller and smaller with fast transportation, Trades and communications and cities expansion close to borders.
But mindset is not ready to cross borders , thats why Cities explodes man.
not because we cant handle explosives ,
But because we create them.
You see everyone avoids North Korea, not because everyone hates North Korea ,
but because we hate their constitutions and Conduct.
So , to make a Jungle man to be able to live in a civilized world, he has to change the way he do, and Learn the new ways of Living, so you can communicate with the rest of the world.
yes i agree heart fully.
@@navneetparmar3084 amomg the communist countries only china is growing strong thats because their leaders is dedicated n one more thing thry are atheist n kept religion out of politics while in india its impossible even if india is communist religion cant be kept out this religious issue is the reason why india isnt progressing at all
*Everybody loves to trade* Indian spices in history.
¿ Would be fun to find out what the Indians were buying from Rome ?
propaganda ;)
Alcohol
@@indrason6974 olive oil
@@indrason6974 olive oil
Mostly horses, women, wine. Still, Indian traders were going in huge trade surplus.
13:27 Malabathrum is Indian bay leaf, not cinnamon.
@@LuisAldamiz The name Malabathrum comes from the Sanskrit word Tamālapatram, which means Tamāla leaf. It's from the same family as Cinnamon, but we use the leaves like bay leaf is in stews and rice.
@@LuisAldamiz They don't taste like Laurel leaf, but they aren't too cinnamony, only slightly. But they behave like the laurel leaf in the sense that they impart a sort of background aroma to a liquid. The aroma is somewhere in the direction of clove.
The Romans might have also imported cinnamon, but Malabathrum was definitely the Indian bay leaf since the derivation of that word has the word "-bathrum
What even is Indian Cinnamon? Cinnamon comes from Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka it isn't native to India
There seems to be some confusion over the names here.
Cinnamon is obtained from the bark of the same tree whose leaves are called Indian bay leaf, therefore, the word Malabathrum can refer to both cinnamon and Indian bay leaf. Also, Cinnamon and laurel/bay laurel belong to the same family Lauraceae (but distinct genera).
I have tee in my house garden this tree in magalore in India skin called cinnamon and fruit called cloves and leave called bay leaves
I love historical interactions between Europe and Asia, they are so mystical
More on the way!
@@KingsandGenerals Thank you K&G for such a fun and informative time you provide the viewers!
We are in contact until jesus take over the europe. By burning pagon knowledge europe went to dark ages. Then again it came in contact with india and but this time by looting indian gold and knowledge they got rich.
@@MMaheshThakur well dark ages were actually not what you think it means it actually we don't have much knowledge about the period .
I am happy u discovered the new views trade route of india...wait for 1 month u will also prosper like other youtubers..
You nailed it.
New "digital" trade route to success and prosperity,,,😂😂😂😂
@Aryan Sharma that is what he meant. Due to a large population with varied interests..it will not be difficult rather easy to grow via Indian audiences.
True 😄
i want more historical videos on india
There will be more. Share this one!
@@KingsandGenerals OK.. But before you release please confirm the knowledge what you have been shared. So better don't spread one half part history.
@@KingsandGenerals Can u do about ancient Pandyan empire in south India? Especially their navy.
Than Europe stole all that Gold back from India...😑😑
Yup lol
@The Engineer Guy Yep $45 trillions in todays money , that's the amount that they stole.
@@preetikushwa7032 Why did you let them?
@@tomchch we had Gandhi like people filling our ancestors brain with non violence bullshit .
@@tomchch After the fall of megalomaniac Aurangzeb and his obsession against infidels and life long quest to destroy the Marathas India was basically bankrupt and Marathas thus couldn't keep up with the British invasions who had already put a strong foot on Bengal and some other parts. Then came the defeat of Marathas against Abdali where it sealed the deal for 250+ years after which uneducated masses left behind by British could only fight one another on communal points or breed like rabbits.
Amazing stuff. Economy is so poorly covered by History textbooks compared to Politics! Thank you for your hard work and please do more videos on economic pillars of ancient civilizations.
The near opposite happened under the British
@большой половой член cow worshiper
@Godtuber Adibu well actually see the point that most traitors were maratha and aikh makes sense as there were move of them than there were muslims. And plenty of muslims betrayed their rulers too. The Sikhs and marathas both fought against the British for years. They only collaborated with them to defeat empires like Hyderabad and mysore. But they still fought against the British when the time came.
@Godtuber Adibu sikhs and marathas gave shit to british in wars while muslims layed their arms in feet of british or french (in case of tipu sultan) every muslim nawab and even mughals accepted british authority without any resistance
It's fake Roman history...completely Hollywood scripted.. Roman Empire was tinny compared to China and India in terms of economy.. saying India got rich by trading with Rome is like saying America got rich trading with Somalia..China and India were 60%of world economy.. not Rome.. Rome was just a city state mainland and lots of barbarian tribal land around it
@@neinno8172 ah sorry
🙏 *"Spice Garden of the World"* 🇮🇳
Alongside Indonesia and parts of southern China
India still outclasses them though
@@abthedragon4921
😎🙏 India + Asia = Indonesia
Chinese Dragon ✖️
Lumarian Yali ✔️
Indonesia is Spice's Heaven of the World
@@meowung9848 hahahha who told you
The spices, bought by Romans from India, might be growing in Kerala in India, Srilanka and Indonesia.
Firstly great video cool animations!!
As an Indian- It was confusing for me growing up that history books and Google say "Vasco da Gama discovered India in 1498". But like we had one of the oldest civilizations that were trading with the west? also, we traded so much with Mesopotamian, Greek, and other civilizations? Let alone the fact that it was a thriving and progressing land with its own education systems, trades, crafts, etc. before "we were discovered". It wasn't just a piece of barren land with no people on it that it needed to be "discovered".
The narrative in the textbooks needs to change to something else than "India was discovered".
Vasco De Gama didn't discover India, he discovered a viable sea route to India. Either the textbooks which you read are wrong or you remember them wrong.
@@zippyparakeet1074 No, I’m Indian, and I distinctly remember reading that Vasco De Gama “discovered” India. It was pretty confusing at first, but then it got more annoying than anything honestly. The textbooks here in India are infuriating because they gloss over our rich history and trade with other civilisations and our own prosperous empires to focus overwhelmingly on the Muslim invasions, Mughals, Delhi sultanate and then most of all, on the British. If you were to read only those history textbooks and nothing else, you’d be led to believe that India was a backwards land with foolish kings who were just lazing about, waiting to be conquered and pillaged. There’s just no justice done to the sheer impact India had on the ancient world, and it’s just a shame
@@nunyabusiness4752 I am pretty sure our book clearly mentioned vasco da gama discovered new sea route to India. I think you are the one needs to check your book first. And even book mentioned why European needed new sea route too.
@@nunyabusiness4752I remember that line too.
He didn't discover India. India was already known to the world. He discovered the route to India.
I love this series where you are focusing on how trade impact history, it really is an eye opener
Thanks, more on the way!
yep... i already bored with war & Conquest, and want to know more about the secrets of long lasting rich & mighty empires
@@KingsandGenerals Please do the silk road and how it went from the richest part of the world to the poorest, it's really is a diffrent perspective, we should learn in school wich we don't
@@youcancallmeneck5178 why did it become the poorest?
@@acadianalien Take everything I say with a grain of salt because I dont have any sources, but todays centralasia used to flourish in trade between Europe and China long time ago. When we Europeans found faster seaway to India and America the silkroad slowly died out and the region went into poverty. This observation of minw can ve wrong thou and I would happily be proven wrong
During the Gupta empire India saw a period of renaissance also stated India as "The Golden Sparrow of the World"
These Arabian destroyed india
@@kunalsharma9087 Arabian did not destroy India.
It was indian so called "Raja saheb" who invited them to attack neighbor kingdom due to their "pity difference" and "self interest".
Once invaders attacked indian territory.They got fascinated by indian prosperity leading them to conquer whole indian territory, even their inviters who had called them from desert terrian.
@@ranvijaykumar8961 u are right
Bastard of ARYAVART
@@kunalsharma9087 Arabs never ruled in India
please make a vedio on Ram Pyari Gurjar , a lady who defeated taimur and kicked out him from North India and because of the wound given by her he died
😂😂😂
Rampyari and jograj
@Mayur Kanth You did not get the sarcasm.
I live in one of the most remote towns of central India and even here archaeologists have found Roman Gold coins in the river bed.
I believe it was Pliny the Elder who wrote about trade with India in one of his writings. He was complaining that Roman gold was being drained buying Indian goods (LMAO that sounds familiar in this era with USA and China XD)
That's true when British left India they took with them 45 trillion dollars worth gold , but India has no gold mines or reserves . It must have been the Roman Gold they india earned through trade
@@soumyadipchakraborty3354 Actually the extraction was much slowe rand happened over 200 years. They banned industry in India and made the people only produce raw materials. Then they set a fixed (low) price to buy all the raw materials, take them to England, process, ship and sell them at India for high prices. Whether it was the textitle industry (their famous textile city was built this way) or metal inudstry or anything else, this was the case. After nearly 200 years of such one-sided exploitation, India had no industry and most passed down industry knowledge was gone or just in writing.
It was done to other colonies more directly and brutally but more subtly against India because we had a much larger population and had the ability to revolt and become independent much easier.
There was no fake paper currency at that time. Gold was real currency. So we used gold.
Greeks lied about indian elephants being more powerful than african ones. African elephant is actually more powerful but tamed or domesticated very later compared to Indian ones. And new studies show north african elephant might also have been from southern Africa. Indian elephants used by greeks were just better trained than african ones that why they were overwhelmed by Indian elephants.
Having enjoyed your excellent video about Ashoka, I am intrigued at how well you guys are able to tell Indian history and even convey our different thinking. I see you guys delved into some Tamil geo-politics here, but what might be an interesting topic for you guys to cover would be the Cholan maritime Empire. They were the rivals of the Pandyans and their South-East Asian subjugations marked the highest point in trade between the subcontinent and South-East Asia.
You should definitely do a video on Chatrapati Shivaji - a prominent king of maratha empire.
burningknight7 why what’s special about him?
@@danteslemagnifique1901 he was a first low-caste king who defeated Mughals(under emperor Aurangzeb), Britishers, Portuguese, Deccan sultanatesetc.
@@pisslamicrapepublicofporki3947
Nah he belongs to warrior class known as 'Kshtriya'.He was Maratha and the most imp thing he was the first king to oppose caste based system.Also he captured 350 forts from Mughals in his life time later after his death his son was even more dangerous who won 120 wars without losing single and he prevent Mughals British Portuguese combined army at Goa by Himself alone.And the same kingdom of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj later destroyed whole Mughal and ruled India for 150 years before British came.
Also, he's often known as the father of the Indian Navy.
@Nir Sen if looting the enemy and guerrilla warfare is being a looter and thug, sure.
Hard to discuss trade with holy India without discussing the role of Ganesha and Hanuman. These Gods blessed the trade routes and even joined forces with Roman deities like Mars, Jupiter, and Mercury to fight the evil gods of the Persian empire! So much lore and possibilities of discovery.
😂
Bharatvarsh accounted for 33% of world economy at those times.
33 to 40% maybe higher but we couldn't calculate that accurately Only research could
This statistic is based on data from East and South Asia only
@@Eagle57-n6e India was richest for 13 centuries while China was for 6 centuries. India literally was the USA of ancient world until the medieval period i.e 16th century. Or until the industrial revolution in Europe.
@Mayur Kanth Mughals were also the ones because they united india from Central Asia to South India
@@MBasu-km8by Mughals actually made india rich because they united all of india. During the Mughal period india accounted for 25% of the world gdp!!!
Named all Egyptian and Roman rulers but not a single Indian ruler. That's how the western screwed India's history once they conquered India.
No one knows the real India before it was conquered.
there wouldn't have even been any roman rulers if not for indian civilisation; that is to say roman civilisation wouldn't have existed without indian civilisation romaisrama.blogspot.com/2014/07/founding-of-roma-italy-lord-ramas-birth.html
Roman history have way more detail than any other empire simply because they used the method of recording of the greek historian herodutus. Most ancient empires described things like: this happen, and then this, and then this and then that....
Herodotus way of describing things were waaay more detailed, searching for reason of why things happened and the aftermaths. And that's why roman and greek history are so detailed compared to others empires. If you compare indian and chinese documented history to rome, of course there are less documents, because they used ancient ways of documenting things.
Herodotus is not called the "father of history" for nothing.
There is nothing to do with british destroying indian history. the library of alexandria,the house of wisdom of bagdad were destroyed and rome fell 2 times and was completely destroyed to the ground, but the greek,egyptian and roman documents still remained safe in different places, like constantinople for 1200 years and then the catholic church libraries to this day.
If you think british burned every indian document of ancient times you are stupid.
Are indians so naive to think their ancestors didn't recorded their history in safe and different places and from different sources?
Just so you know, roman and greek history were recorded by this method since ~600bc. This method only arrived in india and china with the british conquest.
@khushal Iyer Mithra
What's the point you're trying to make? See how that sounds for you:
Indian civilization lost to some fisherman that lives on tiny island lol.
@khushal Iyer Mithra
india culture is still intact? that's why the most popular sport in india is cricket? and all the most recognized indian music are copies of western music? (there are tons of those)
Is that why you people are known on the internet for importunate women on facebook and poo on the streets lol. what a high culture.
Hinduiusm on full throttle? Dude you're losing ground to islam in india every day lmao, look who's talking about culture, the biggest symbol in india the taj mahal was build by muslims not hindus.
You're already americanized like the rest of the world and speaks english on an american website on a computer created by british on internet created by american lol.
You say weak cultures got wiped out, but I say : more like ignorance always wins.
And the greek culture didn't die tho, the fact that you think that amuses me, you go to watch movies in a theater or cinema don't you? that's greek culture, you go to watch athtles compete in a stadium don't you? that's greek culture. You live in a democracy don't you? that's greek culture. You watch dramma don't you? that's greek culture
@khushal Iyer Mithra And I'm willing to say greek culture has a more wider impact in the world than india lol.
Your own parliment is designed like a greek temple lmao. the worst type of people are the ones who don't know when they're conquered.
If you're planning to make more videos on India in the future, I hope you make a few on:
Shivaji Maharaj
Peshwa Bajirao 1
The Vijaynagar Empire
The Revolt of 1857
The First Anglo Maratha War
There's just so much I would like to see you make into documentaries. I hope you consider a couple of these. I'll be expecting more excellent content from you guys in the future, nonetheless.
Cheers.
@@Rhyghar yup. They already made a video on The Battle of Haldighati
Also on the first two battles of Panipat.
I'd say it's only suitable that there be a video on The Battles of Tarain as well.
The Battle of Palkhed, The Battle of Pawankhed
The conquests of Krishnadevaraya,
The wars of Peshwa Bajirao.
The Revolt of 1857
These are all topics which reflect the history of India's indigenous culture and people. Something which is often ignored, even in Indian education.
And maybe add Sikh empire as they if you don't know ( if you are Indian and don't know about them shame on you) were also like the Maratha's and of course fought the mughals
@@JaspreetSingh-dh4nf of course I know about them. I hope one day they'll make a video about Ranjit Singh. Or Guru Tegh Bahadur also known as "Hind ki Chaadar". One can only hope.
BUMP for Vijayanagar and Bajirao Ballal \m/
Also the Glorious Magadha Empire under the golden legacy of Mauryan dynasty!
Ancient Tamils are best seafearers and do good business all over the world 💪💪💪💪
Not Tamizhs it was keralites , Roman Gold was found in Pradhbhanabhan swami temple and Gujrat ( dwarka submerged in sea ) . Tamizhs did trade with the Americans .
@@soumyadipchakraborty3354 ha ha lol 😂😂 chreas spoke which language.chera chola pandyans all are thamizh kings described as "vanpugazh moovendar" in thozhkappiyam
Romans didn't trade with north india they traded with Tamil nadu.2200 years old roman coins are found in Tamil nadu.not even 1 Coin in north india
Many in MH
@@livewithapurpose5651 no even 1
First contact and trades were established and prominent on the west coast states
Lol there are many coins found in Gujrat.
How many of you know that Aristotle was just a name , total logical theories were written by Indians in takshasila wich was the oldest University in the world. Alexander and co stolen those all articles.but now saing Aristotle is the father of many sciences how funny, it was a political drama made by British govt in their time to rule
@Get Ass just analyse the history from indian way then u can get ur answer , shushrutha did first surgery and plastic surgery, explained about human body but father of biology is Aristotle , Indians used to eat veg food when Romans eat meat that means indians knew about plants , trees and their nutrition which are useful to humans , u have to know about Arya bhatta his book ,bhaskaracharya and Nagarjunacharya
@Get Ass compare Darwin human evaluation theory with vishnu avathar ,just search in the Google u can change ur thinking. Vishnu avathar can explain entire human evaluation theory it was written 2500 years back
As much as I love K&G, I have to admit history of indian subcontinent stays criminally underrated in this channel (not sure if it is for not having enough sponsors or something else)
May the land of āryas-hindus get their glories back!
Pandiyan dynasty is missing in the list..... Roman trade with Pandiyan 👑👑👑👑👑
Anonymous P because we all know that pandiyanin Rajiyathil it was ouiyalala mostly ..
What about chola?
Pandya is only one trade with Rome and Greeks and Egypt
@@ஞமலிவளவன் dude what?...u can clearly see that the satavahanas capitaled in amaravathi were the ones who did most of the trade with the greeks and romans..stop claiming shit like an idiot
I don't think Romans directly traded with Pandiyas as West cost was ruled by Cheras.
Isn't mutually beneficial trade the best kind? Hopefully we can see more of this in the future
Before people relied on the trade it was mutually beneficial though for most of it's history it favoured the Indians.
@@ayushkumar-bg1xf So a world where China and India control all the trade would be a fair world?
@@cv4809 @constantine it's not a zero sum game, asians gaining more market power is not the end of the world for westerners, also lots of old models for economics don't matter as we rely more and more on information as opposed to raw materials to create wealth
If you guys want to get a current geopolitical point of view of the world I recommend Peter Zeihan. th-cam.com/video/BHr999RGPQw/w-d-xo.html
Why won't Pakistan allow India to trade peacefully with them then?
Wow i am very surprised sir . because i don't know beetwen acient Rome and India also trade.2000 year ago my land India is connected Rome.its amazing sir .i am frome gujarat india gujarat port is also most oldest sea port.lothal and haddapa is ancinent port Tarde and business worldvide... Gujarat land around 1630 k.m sea.i am so happy because ancient Rome conction to India beacuse i love Rome ....thank you so much sir
Thanks for watching!
Mahesh Patel yes the roman empire traded with india...but persian empire jealous..who knows maybe the roman would ally the indian states if further action would be allowed by the persians
no man thanks for informing
@ACHAEMENID WARRIOR yes i accept my English is very weak. beacuse English is not my mother land language. I hope you understand.thank you brothers
@ACHAEMENID WARRIOR C'mon English just a *Language* please don't compare it with literacy & standards
i almost cried , long live ROME , long live INDIA!!!
The coastal part of Egypt and Arabia have been always important because of their strategic role in commerce with India and China. As I recall correctly, Saladin also used his army to conquer these parts alongside Yemen to use it as a trade center for gathering the money and budget in order to use it in crusade.
Moreover, by this way, you could bypass Iranian empires (Parthians and Sassanids) which acted as a middle man, often increased the price of the items which was bad specifically for Romans. However, after conquering Yemen in their later period, Sassanids made the situation worse for Eastern Roman Empire.
Boqoreh nope Ethiopia started as a colony of saba which the inscriptions at the old kingdom of damat which predates the rise Axum suggests that Ethiopia started as a colony of the Sabean kingdom and they spoke Sabaeic
Pliny stated that the trade between India led by Gupta Empire and Roman Empire was heavily balanced in favour of India . Loads of Gold poured into India from Roman Empire as India never was interested in anything manufactured in Rome . This spells why India was the Economic superpower ranging from Ancient Era till Early Modern era until the British came and destroyed it completely . India's only flaw was inability to create long lasting empires which could have given it political stability in view of uninterrupted economic dominance .
Haha bengal was half of india bangladesh must rule india its the only wat
it was Pandyan Empire of Tamilnadu not Gupta Empire from North India. Pliny clearly mentioned trade between Roman Empire and Pandyan Empire 🥱🥱🥱
please no I got an exam coming up
Prepare for it, the video will be waiting for you!
Me too
@@KingsandGenerals can't help it
HAH hope you do well mate
@@ikiliousdasylouiyasbdetyw9124 thnx mate.
So what we learnt , without india there would be no large or colonial empire in Europe
Crct... 😅😅
Our population was high from centuries before , our religion came 7000 years ago , Both are the reason we were rich and advanced ,
We sstill have large population , we still have our religion
But both are the reason for our decline now ....
Ah.. Ye Zindege Ka Chakra ( Wheel Of Life ) Sometimes Maharaja , Sometimes Beggar
you had the golden age under buddhism, that was the peak
@@Archeaon actually it was under the guptas. Who were not Buddhist
@@ruchiktrivedi3059 i'm sorry i mistook one Chandragupta for the other
@@Archeaon no worries mate
Archeaon Chandragupta wasn't buddhist either, he was a hindu, ashoka was "buddhist".
Interestingly an Indian sailor is the one who showed the Portuguese the secret of the monsoon winds
Only 33CE kids will know how rich India was.
5:15.
Indian mahawat prayed to Lord Krishna.
Greek Pan is His corrupted and derived form.
Greek pan look like lucifer,as well as symbol of illuminati.
Tamil people had great trade with Greek, Egypt and Arabian countries
vervels hrp yesthey also ruled them but history were hidden that a lot of Tamil scriptures found in Egypt hidden by aryans
@@ஞமலிவளவன் yes bro romans didn't trade with Indians they traded with Tamils.romans coins are not found in north india in arikamedu,Pondicherry 2200 year old roman coins are found
@@ஞமலிவளவன் No Tamil scriptures found in Egypt.
@@vervelshrp5793 They traded much more with Indo-scythian and Satavahanas which weren't Tamil. About 2/5th of Roman coins in India were founded in Gujrat. Romans didn't mention Tamil. They only mention Indians in their texts.
@@knowledgedesk1653 you need to do some research before commenting
Love these "ancient economics" vids. Always fascinating to understand how trade + culture grew
More on the way!
Romans trade with India , Arabia , Rome and China using Red sea 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
Can you do a video on port of SURAT as it was the biggest ports in entire history before the industrial revolution which rivaled huge ports of this time too but went into decline and would be an interseting study of how a rich port can turn into nothing because of some reasons and the world can learn a lot many lessons from it
Rishabh Sharma bollocks
Europe centric narration. Good animation.
Imagine how wealthy Indian Sub-continent was during those times for Romans to send 120 ships per year!
make your own video than ffs, OF COURSE a western announcer has their own lands as the focus
If whole India was united it would've been till date the richest place on earth and if all kings were together as one no foreign invasion would've been successful
@Bhanu Pratap Singh B R U H
Ashoka - hold my beer
@Maratha Empire She is fake Gupta. Gupta title was first used by cowherd dynasty of Nepal . Gupta was used to describe cowprotector who were cowherd .Cowherd were called Vaishya.
Gupta - Gopta ,Gopati etc meaning protector of cows,cow Herder.
i live in the Philippines , i sell edible pigeons 5 gold coins each
@Emperor Louis The Retard IT DOESNT
how are pigeons cooked though?
@@random_shit_online6104 its raw
Fake gold?
@@iqbal4625 does it look like real gold?
Love for S.P.Q R. from India 💕
Arikamedu- ancient port town near Pondicherry, south east coast of India. The site was identified as the port of Podouke, known as an "emporium" in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and Ptolemy. Digs have found Amphorae, Arretine ware, Roman lamps, glassware, glass and stone beads, and gems at the site. Based on these excavations, Wheeler concluded that the Arikamedu was a Greek (Yavana) trading post that traded with Rome, starting during the reign of Augustus Caesar, and lasted about two hundred years-from the late first century BCE to the first and second centuries CE. Subsequent investigation by Vimala Begley from 1989 to 1992 modified this assessment, and now place the period of settlement from the 2nd century BCE to the 8th century CE.
Roman merchants would bring back rare cinnamon from Mosyllon (Somalia) and deposit it in the Royal Treasury. Another city Malao had a whole economy based on exchanging goods in Roman currencies. Once archaeological excavations start in Somalia, a lot of interesting artifacts will resurface after being burried for millennia.
The word "navigation" is originated from Sanskrit word navika
Mmmm, that's probably a coincidence ^^
Greeks and Romans navigate the Mediterranean Sea long before they trade with India, they did not invent "navigation" when they began to trade with Maurya XD
I can found that navigation came from "navigatio" in latin, which came from greek "naus" the ship, which came from indo-european "naus", the ship too. Surely, navika in Sanskrit came from indo-european too ;)
@@krankarvolund7771 Sanskrit is an ancient language. Sanskrit is Indo-European and most of these Indo-European languages are similar. I will not say which one's younger and which is older but a lot of Latin and Sanskrit is similar. Russian is also very similar to Sanskrit.
@@stynershiner1854 Sure, Sanskrit is ancient, and? Latin is ancient too, and in Antiquity, men doesn't have cell-phones to influence them from the other end of the world XD
Sanskrit and Latin came both from a language called "Indo-european", they all share common roots. So, if two words in two indo-european languages are similar, it is because they share a common root, not because one came from the other ^^
@tvschan And Tamil got his words from an unknown (at least to me :p) ancient language, and so on until you reach the first language ever (or languages according to certain hypothesis ^^). That's the point of linguistic, just like in evolution, ervery language has roots ^^
The english's plundered 44 trillion dollars worth of goods in their reign. But to this day India is still standing and UK is once again struggling financially.
This is how insanely wealthy this region is.
In "Keelzadi" (South Tamilnadu) and "Ragikhari"(central india) Excavation in India Rewrite the Indian history ✨
*In Ragikhari research they found the women skeleton - That's DNA is not match with Aryans🔥
*In keelzadi research they found the Most educated Buried CITY ✨
School kid yessssss
Fantastic ancient part of the world that doesn't get the spotlight it deserves. boggles my mind to see the role India played in world history and how we are taught almost next to nothing about it. the oldest continuous civilization on earth, from before the time of ancient egypt! beautiful.
@большой половой член what about Ethiopia and Anatolia?
@Cuck Slayer also Yangtze river valley
@Cuck Slayer Only if you're able to read synoptical publications in Russian )
As ancient China is not my main theme of interest i'm not keeping track of any wothy publucations in English on the topic. Sorry.
Indians have been traveling to Africa (Egypt, Ethyiopia, etc) with boats since the bronze age....
200BC : all world want to invade India for Money.
2020 : Indian invade all world for money.
EPIC
Tamil litrature clearly tells " beautiful roman ships came with gold and left harbour with full of pepper"
This is a great video. Thanks for sharing. I recommend following potential videos for India - 1. Samudragupta - 4th century Gupta Emperor compared to Napoleon 2. Kannauj Triangle - Age of 7-10th century when India was rule by a trio of three empires - Rashtrakuta, Parmar and Pratihar 3. 3rd battle of panipat (you have covered the first and second). 4. Lalitaditya - North Indian king in the 8th century.
Thanks for watching!
The kannauj triangle had pala, pratihara and rashtrakuta empires not parmar.
The Indus Valley Civilization was trading with the Mesopotamians via the Indian Ocean in 2500 BC. In 2000 BC both areas of central Asia (Afghanistan/Turkmenistan/Uzbekistan) and India had full on walled cities and huge civilizations trading with each other in addition to Mesopotamia which is seen as the "cradle of civilization". They are called the BMAC culture and IVC culture. Look it up, the world was way more connected than we think and there is a lot more we don't know. Like WAYYYY more.
alexander did not destroy indian empire,he was scared n ran away
I find myself enthralled by yalls videos. I absolutely love binging on the many series. Keep up the amazing content, by far some of the best on the tube!!
We will, thanks!
Next video - how british brought the Indian economy from 26% to 0.2% of the world
not 26....
Indian economy was 48%of whole world at their peak in 1650....
@@suleimanthemagnificent7862 Indian propaganda bullshit 😂
@@sskspartan what
@Chooey Sooares how its complaining? How the fuck anyone's gonna fix it but India itself now. People say this comparisons because the most White skinned still don't have a little humlity, still act high and mighty, and fucking proud of colonizing lands.
I'm sure the Hindu caste system has done greater harm
This video should be required viewing for Economics or Business students. Very enlightening and educational.
Kings and generals plz make video on chatrapati shivaji maharaja
If you know about him already then why you're asking?
@@seventhuser904 he simply wants it in detail.
Empires grow by conquest but are sustained by trade. Your videos illustrate this concept in an interesting and entertaining way. Thanks for the great content.
See the joker. 🤣
Pushing his version. Nobody knows you. So a he suffices. Understand. And with political currect Ness. Saying bad things to woomun. Is not guuud. 🤣
Hey babylonian. Its not us. Its you. This hind. You are kush or kushu. 🤣 As I said Mr. RA will disagree with you. 🤣
We need a another video on Rajput kings and Maharana Pratap and Rana of Chittor and jaipur, the most important and noble people of Hindustan
K111 why the hell we need other people to explain our history?
The overseas exports of goods from india even started from iron age around 6 th century BC itself .Before establishment of roman empire ,ingots of wootz steel(urukku) manufactured & exported from southern India tamilnadu kodumanal(industrial site) from chera dynasty to Greek empire and Persian Empire .
I doubt that the Ptolemaic Egyptians used African elephants for warfare. The Asian elephant is an animal whose temperament is adapted to being ridden, quite the opposite happens with the African elephant. Most likely from Ethiopia they got elephants brought from India.
I find trade and stability building history way more interesting than battles and stuff. Thank you for sharing this rarely tought about subject.
More on the way!
I wonder if the romans ever tried to influence internal politics in India to keep their spice trade at best.
Local traders in the trading colonies in India might have tried that but the empire itself did nothing as far as we know.
@большой половой член less far than Britain thou😂😂😂😂
They would have only have done that if they conquered Persia.
@Sethu Maruthi because the romans didnt have the means to influence India. Brittian did because it was an island so it was easilly defendable, rome however was not so they must focus more on their neighbours
All of history India was worlds finance capital till britishers came and destroy the indian economy. India was so rich that it account of world 40 % wealth. and all of world is seaching for India to trade. Its so delusional that world dont recognise the true history. India was the Greatest of all. and will become the great again.
The Roman Empire main import from India was spices and main import from China was silk. the Roman Empire was having a trade deficit with India and China because they were importing more from those country that they were exporting. European voyage of exploration with Vasco de Gama and Christpher Colombus during the beginning of the Colonial Era was because they were looking for a sea route for the spice trade to India because the ottoman close the land route.
May I enter in a intellectual debate over the innacuracy of that with you?
@my name is my name most of the historical evidence points to a continuation of trade with the orient after the ottoman conquest of the most important ports of the silk road, and even so those conquest happened after portugal had already established their route to India, Colombus' idea was sailing through the open ocean would be cheaper and faster than the Portuguese route
So Egypt was to Rome what Texas is to the USA.
more like California
we need history the relation between aceint Egyptian and modern day somalia
mohamud Mohamed as stated is this video as well. The ancient Egypt knew that area of the Horn of Africa(modern day northern Somalia) as “Land of Punt”. Where they exchanged the local kingdom’s frankincense, ivory and other incenses for Egyptian goods. To this day Somalia is still the largest producer of frankincense(70% of the market) in the world.
@@MrMacmail Somalia was a great trading hub. Till we got crushed by the Arabs, Indians, Persians, some fuckas got us.....
The Roman Empire arised after the fall of most powerful Mauryan Empire of India.
kuch bhi
Pagal hai