In 1958, when I was 13 years old, my brother and I (he was 17) followed a guide to the top of the pyramid. There were Egyptian men at the base who for a few small coins would do this for tourists. The view from the top was stunning, of course. In those days, it wasn’t hazy. The chiseled inscriptions at the apex were spellbinding, and appeared in various languages. Some were dated hundreds of years before. Graffiti has always been with us. Everyone followed the same path to the top: it went up one of the corners. And you hoisted yourself up, block by block. (You can clearly identify that corner in the video.) If you fell, you were dead. It’s remarkable that my parents permitted us to do that. It took about a half hour to reach the top. The top of each stone was level with my waist. After we’d returned to the ground, another Egyptian told us that for a small sum fo money he would climb to the top and back in five minutes flat. We hired him to do it. He spent four minutes climbing to the top: he was in great physical condition. And then he descended, leaping from block to block, in the remaining minute. You had to see it to believe it. He got the price he’d quoted, plus a tip. I don’t know when tourists were finally forbidden to make the dangerous trip. But I’m glad it was after I was in Egypt. I’m now 78 years old.
I visit Egypt and the great pyramids in 1980 and I could not climb because it was not permitted even back then. Now with the drones we got spectacular shots of the apex of the pyramid that I sincerely was not expected ever to see. Thank you so much for these gorgeous photos!
Just think if you were the last of the workers having to climb to the upper parts of the pyramids! You would of been exhausted by the time you clocked in. So if it were I ,I would of had a little hut withe food and water notched in. So ramps or elevators of sorts, I have heard of ramps of all kinds for the material, but what of the access for everyone and everting else?
Interesting theory. However anyone building a structure that size or even smaller would find that the offset of the stones just adds stability. The next layer down could vary well be offset counter clockwise, much like when building a brick wall, you offset one brick from the other. That's how I would do it.
I concur. Being an engineer and working in the field of construction for 20+ years, whether you are talking about drywall and plywood, or masonry and wood, or steel and iron, there is a need for slight offsets in all various planes for the purpose of stability. I believe there was a proposal by some engineers years ago that hypothesized using puzzel shaped pieces for buildings in earthquake zones due to the random shapes offering a greater stability and the likelyhood of coming apart was greatly reduced. If I recall correctly, it worked in theoretical principle and model building, however was cost preventative in application. You do have an interesting theory, however I think there are other factors that may hold the sway on the decision to offset. I was able to see the offset before you pointed it out! This was a nice new look at an old question.
Hey , i am a retired construction engineer. The way i would do the pyramid is to go straight up the sides using a counter weight method. I would use 30 crews on the east and on the west sides. My estimate is it took 20,000people, 12 years to build, Its the confirmation of the high civilization of ancient Egypt.
I climbed the GP in 1981. It was forbidden but no one gave a damn. It was summer, so tourists were scarce and my GF and I had the interior all to ourselves for hours. Your analysis makes total sense, especially for controlling the eight sides, as they finished off the true pyramid shape.
@@herrhausb i dont know. people have been climbing that pyramid for thousands of years. It would be the natural thing to do to light a fire on top but what would they use for fuel? They would have to carry up a lot of wood or maybe someone was sacrificed on the topmost block.
@@ScreamingEagleFTW They are hideously steep with a relatively smooth surface most of their existence, so ceremonies at the pointy top would be unlikely.
You've made a good point here. The angle of rotation you've noted can be calculated in terms of height up the narrowing sides. Up so much means "in" via the slope of the sides. And, that equals the ramp slope, and this twisting effect.
IF I was to build a pyramid from blocks layer by layer, my two largest problems would be how do I keep horizontality and how do I make sure the load spreads evenly (to prevent splitting of lower blocks under concentrated load). Total load is not an issue du to the dwindling size of each additional layer. I think that rotating each layer a bit above the precedent achieves #2. It's akin to brick layering: you shift the next layer 1/2 brick sideways. (And yes the pattern leaps to the eye.)
I think they did it just like the video suggested; in stages as a step pyramid first. Then finished the outside pyramid. We already know the oldest dated pyramids are step pyramids so it would make sense they would have a strong knowledge of how to build those. From there it's just a matter of finishing the outside to be smooth and pretty with a nice mini-pyramid cap. So you build your base layer on a bedrock foundation with an outside spiral ramp. Then on top of that platform you start building another platform in the center with an "outside spiral ramp" that is still inside your base layer platform. Repeat until your desired dimensions/max height. Then as you back out your ramp you do your finished layer.
That would be just one of a number of problems. And there would be much bigger problems. For example, how to get 70 ton granite blocks up to 350 feet and exactly cover the royal chamber with them.
its hard to build pyramids even in a computer game as it need internal support all the way to the top. so i would suggest it was built from inside to out and the outer layer is the one we see so it was done with more precision. just like the inner chambers where probably priests held ceremonies..
My thought about the off-centered-ness before you explained yours was that maybe every other course was rotated a few degrees in ALTERNATING directions, which could strengthen the pyramid by causing fewer seams to line up with each other. Can we see more than one course anywhere in a row to rule that out?
Or they thought as long as they butt up to the the next stone who’s gonna know. Let’s lay this last level as fast as we can an get the hell off this job I’m fxxxxd
If you don't use mortar the rocks will tumble. This layout will lock the stones in place by angling them. Movement is greatly reduced, especially when there is a 'key' stone.
Agreed, the angles don't make sense for a ramp, though a 2 stage build like he says is most likely how it was done. But the angles are to lock the dry stack together. At the base of the top view a few stones of the very top layer are there and they are placed 90 deg to the layer below for the same reason. I imagine the pyramid build grew from the centre out and up. That top view could show the centre been built and as the workers retreat they leave a stone behind them on the way back down to fill in that current ramp/staircase.
Mortar isn’t needed for monolithic structures, simply building them so the bottom and tops of each block slopes inward and towards the middle of each side will result in a stable structure.
This has quickly become my favorite channel. Fascinating subject matter with thoughtful and detailed analysis. What a refreshing discovery. My compliments to you sir!
The ‘rogue’ ‘granite’ block is almost exactly at what would have been the extrapolated ‘apex’. Your observations are interesting and concur with one theory that postulates that the Egyptians( in particular Cheops) were renovating/preserving an already existing structure which they deified. Welcome to the wonderful world of piecing together lost history!
You can also clearly see that each layer (at least on the outer layers) were alternated back and forth so that the corners didn't actually line up directly. This is also the cause of each side not being flat but rather have an indentation all the way up the middle of each side. Very structurally sound layering.
The middle indentation on each of the 4 sides would have provided extra structural integrity. Just the idea of this indentation shows advanced understanding of structure engineering. To have carried this out with accuracy in ‘primitive’ times is unthinkable. Whoever built the pyramid was very experienced in building large heavy structures and would have had suitable heavy lifting machinery along with precise measuring equipment. Questions on the build - arise as to where is that heavy lifting machinery today and how long did this take to build. Why transport such heavy stones to this location?
I don't believe or see why the slight indentation on each side could be caused by the layering, neither do I believe they provide extra structural integrity. The pyramid builders were precise in what they did and the indentations are not regular, but show vertical imperfections on each pyramid face. I very much doubt they were present when built, but developed over time. It seems obvious to me that the internal support for each face has shifted (reduced) slightly over time, likely exacerbated by the huge mass of the external blocks. Further, these imperfections lead me to believe they give significant clues as to the internal structure.
Although this 5-10° rotation of internal stones may not continue throughout the lower courses of the pyramid, I feel that the concave sides of the Great Pyramid's backing stones suggest that just might be the case. As you mention, the external blue stones get deeper as they approach a corner. On the right side of your blue/red coloured image, you can see that rather than using extra deep stones, the builders have used two shorter stones. The centres of each side would be the places where you would require the deepest stones, since the sides closer to each corner would allow you to use shallower stones and simply lay them either one row or two rows deep. I imagine that the deeper the stone you require, the fewer "just right" size stones you will have, and you are more likely to have stones that are slightly too shallow rather than slightly too deep. You have fewer options to achieve the exact depth relative to the inner stones angle at the point after you have maxed out your deepest stones but before you can justifiably fit two stones. This would be around the centre and create an unintentionally concave surface to the backing stones. My other thought is that if the builders tended to add very shallow stones as they started to need to fill areas deeper than the deepest stones available but before it had become deep enough that they could use two 'normal' depth stones (i.e. the centre of each side) then perhaps those shallow stones were simply more likely to have come loose and been fractured/eroded and lost to time and increased the concavity of the backing stone sides. There are a few very shallow or very narrow stones visible in the drone image (relative to the size of the other stones, anyway) but none of them are on the external face.
Just looking to the pyramid, I thought a couple of things: 1. most volume is concentrated in lower 1/3 of height. So, they needed to find an efficient way to build such lower part and quickly. Also, that part supports of of weigh of the construction, so stonework must be perfect. 2. They must have used some sort of ramp. Look at the pyramid volume. What's the longest path with constant steep that you can trace within the pyramid volume? it's a straight path from one base corner, up to the opposite vertex of it. In theory, they could establish 4 ramps, starting from the 4 lower corners. Such ramp only served construction of the first 1/3 of height, then it was reasonable to use a spiral ramp like in the video.
I gotta say, from a first impression, the Great Pyramid looks like a great effort to protect an underlying structure. It looks like tremendous limestone blocks were somewhat crudely cut and stacked over an underlying, precision built, granite structure of unknown purpose. This was then made to look more refined and permanent, by covering this haphazard pile of stones in a precisely fit shell of casing stones. I am aware of the different theories, and I’m fairly certain this isn’t one of them, but when coupled with something like the flood narrative, it would be wise to make the shape pyramidal in form. Keep the videos coming!
The build is not just the stacking of 50 ton blocks, the four/& 8 base sides are all within a half inch and less to alignment perfection on all sides. Grasp that!!
@@richardcoram1562 it’s actually 8 sides as the 4 sides are slightly bent inward on the center of its axis. It’s visible when the sun hits it just right. Absolutely astounding
I was always curious of the whole plateau they sit on. Seems kinds strange. Giant flat plateau, then big wall of sand, then giant city below the plateau. To go through all that trouble only to have the city below the plateau. Maybe the whole plateau is not natural and it's purpose is what lies beneath. A marker of WHERE, when the water is high or extreme destruction maybe from some sort of cataclysmic event they knew was coming. Just a theory.
Looking directly above the Great Pyramid, it is astounding how they managed to pull off the 8 sides. So neatly done, with so many blocks. Phenomenal engineering and design to achieve this. Just imagine if they got it wrong near the top? And thats just one aspect of many fabulous designs within the greatest human construction ever to this day.
@@rconn4501 it's off square by estimated 7-14 cm. And there's no way to know for sure how perfect the dimensions were due to erosion. All these videos like to say it's perfect, it's not. With some basic geometry and strings it's not hard to make a perfect square that large. Great pyramid I believe is 755 ft at the base so 1000th scale would be about 9in. It's not hard to make a perfect 9in square with some thread and the Pythagorean theorem. I did that in junior high tech class
Note also that all of the center stones are taller than the perimeter stones. So when an additional outer layer was added it was butted up against the portruding portion of a center stone from the layer below it. In other words locking each layer from slipping sideways over an above the weight of the stones. While this was a useful way to stabilize the upper levels of the structure, and important to a people who knew of earthquakes and their magnified effect the higher up a structure one went, this also meant the next layer of stone had to be works around the outside, sliding over the out laryer below it then pull back into the taller stones at the center.
Excellent.....another strut to support Houdin! The first time I saw his theory come to light I felt it in my gut that he was right. I have worked with master builders in the past, and have always been astounded at how difficult tasks are solved usually in a very simple and ingenious way. These solutions come about from actually doing the task which is usually very hard work, and nothing stimulates ingenuity like hard monotonous gruelling work. Like in nature, energy is never wasted and the most simple energy efficient method will come of it, and Houdin nailed it IMO. Lay the outer casing stones one by one in tandem with the inner filler blocks, aligning each one to its neighbour within millimetres of accuracy with nothing more than a horizontal plumb line, this survives to today, just watch a skilled bricklayer lay hundreds of perfectly level bricks in neat rows along a single set nylon line, it's a sight to behold, Andy perfectly scaleable up to five ton 'bricks' for a pyramid. Great observation skills here kudos to you and your team 👏👏👏
I can get behind lots of ramp ideas, even an internal one, but I still want to know how a team pulling a stone on a sled, makes a 90 degree turn at each corner of the pyramid? As you say, the simplest idea, requiring the least amount of energy must have been deployed, but what? Another thing I don't get is the grand gallery, what purpose did it fulfill. Houdin thought was some crazy complex counterweight system, again he may be right or perhaps it was something simpler. The fairly recent finding of the empty voids creates more mystery.
However minor it may be someone "like" "Monk", slightly OCD, just might come along and bring this to your attention: for the more correct spelling it is from "WIKI" Harry Houdini (/huːˈdiːni/).
I wouldn't trust anything about the top layer placement, those blocks are probably the most disturbed out of all them, for sure people have pulled up those blocks and messed with them in recent times and in the past, i mean all the casing stones and the top are gone, you can't trust much about the very surface, it might have just been a rubble pile left on the top after the scavenging and then people just arranged them later to make the top nicer, not discounting your theory but you would need to remove a few layers to really know.
Yes, that is most likely the case. Considering the huge mass and fact that you can't see the lower layers there must have ben some cleaver way to breake symetry betwen layers to prevent the connections between the blocks from forming lines. That structure would not be able to hold on its own for so long without a cleaver way to distribute the load perfectly betwen blocks without any chance for building in it any weak points of this kind. And in the same time that side that colapsed looks exactly like this type of weakness(a plane was created that was a weak point and led to this collapse )... From low number of likes to your comment its also clear that not many people here saw any photos of modern walls build by people that do not understand how important that is. Even modern mortar will not help when the layers are not properly arranged in relation to each other, not only horizontally but also vertically and in years cracks gonna form even on structures that are not tall at all and hardly any load is transfered by the bricks.
They learned this on previous pyramids that collapsed during construction. Block size is also important. Took one pharaoh three tries before they succeeded.
I think offsetting the middle blocks adds much greater stability. I imagine peeling back each layer the middle blocks continue to rotate in degrees to maintain a sort of cross-thatch system. We can uncover the building's engineering design but I still believe you fall short of actual construction method. Iam convinced Dynastic. Egypt in their loin cloths wielding hardened bronze tools did NOT construct these pyramids! And since we find them across the world now, we understand it isn't some local genius plan. To build a puzzle, one must first study ALL the pieces. Good luck. Still a great observation. Cheers
Allan Hastings. I am in total agreement. The Egyptians never built the Great Pyramids, they were already very ancient and standing when life, civilization, modern humans and the Ancient Egyptians returned- from a cataclysmic event that wiped the original civilization off the face of the planet. Recent discoveries in the dig sites of where archaeologists have determined the oldest modern humans once lived, have now been up dated - because of new discoveries of man made artifacts deeper down at the same dig site. It used to be around 200,00 to 400,000 years, but now the age is up to 600,000 years old human made tools. So, if true, over a period of possibly 600,000 years of modern man development; the Egyptians, at the time of their discovery of the pyramids, were STILL USING BOWS,& ARROWS. As a matter of fact at that time, the Egyptian Armys were using the best state of the art tools and weapons which basically consisted of wood tipped spears, bows and arrows, wooden mallets, hatchets and axes.. Theres NO WAY the Egyptians constructed the three great pyramids. However, I do believe they ATTEMPTED to replicate building their own version, and those we do know for whom they were constructed. History has told us those smaller, haphazardly constructed pyramids were the oldest and were basically the learning curve to the final construction of the great pyramids. I say that's exactly bass ackwards. The Egyptian built pyramids are the newest, the smallest, and the piles of rubble - and they couldn't replicate the great pyramids. So, if modern man is now dated to possibly 600,000 years ago, along with other beautifully crafted pieces of art, small dolls and other artifacts, found in very deep coal seams and rock seams that have been dated to 2.5 million years ago just blows my mind, man! That means The Great Pyramids are pre GENESIS, before the Bible and Gods creation of the earth and ALL things.Good luck with your search for the truth, but we do know for a fact the Pyramids were found, claimed, and today belong to Egyptians. In all reality the great pyramids may very well be millions of years old and may have been covered with sand for millions of years. that would've preserved them.. I m thinking of the ancient Egyptian technology at the time of the Pharoah's and their attempts to copy. Then, looking back through whatever time you choose- 200, 400, or 600,000 years, and realize the Egyptians were STILL USING wood tipped spears and wooden mallets as the modern man was also using hundreds of thousands of years prior. Now it really gets freaky. So whatever, whenever or whoever, built them ,it would've taken a million years to evolve and become a highly advanced population with the wherewithal to build the great Pyramids, and it appears they are found all around the world in a specific alignment ley lines as an electrical grid. In otherwords our modern day Forensic Archeology is possibly off by 15 million years, and we know the carbon dating and other methods are only reliable to a specific point.👽🙊🙉🙈🇺🇸✌
@@richardcoram1562 I do agree that the modern historians are dead wrong about the entire Egypt story(They're total arrogant clowns IMO). The great pyramid is older than the 'experts' think, but not that old. It was built roughly 12500-13000 yrs ago. Some of the contructions nearby are older than that. The sphinx is the oldest, probably dating back somewhere between 500k to 5 million years ago. 10-20K years ago, the world was a much different place that it is now, and much different than most people can imagine. We are not the pinnacle of human development and knowledge, not even close. Edgar Cayce has provided the best info on how they were built and what their real purpose was/is. Ed Leedskalnin used the same methods to build his Coral Castle in FL circa 1920.
I understand your replies. For the most part we are in agreement that such structures are far older than Pharaonic Egypt, and more likely constructed by an earlier civilization devistated by a cataclysmic event highly suspected to be the Younger Dryas event. No tombs have revealed special toolings or relative construction plans or admition to any such technical feats. Tut's dagger included! Pyramids are a global phenomenon all echoing strikingly similar design, mathematically foremost! Lost cities found down approximately 400 feet of water,
We can go on for weeks producing evidence to show strength in this hypothesis which holds more weight than Egyptologist who have lived under a mountain of lies and confusion since Howard Vyse's Legerdemain with a brush and paint! There is more to be seen, we just don't belong to Club Elite to see it. However, there are plenty of lumps under the carpet to see what direction the sweepings come from. Once again, to solve a puzzle one must first study ALL the pieces. There is more than just Pyramids and tombs. This is a global puzzle involving most disciplines of science and research. Have you asked why we lost our hair and have to make fire and wear clothes to keep warm. Now there's an evolutionary conundrum! But one which is a piece of this puzzle. Surprised? 🤔 Hmmm. Lift the carpet!
So despite all the evidence they did make these buildings with stones, sticks, string, copper, arsenic bronze and a lot of labour, you still aren't convinced? These people painted how they did it on the walls in their tombs and tell their stories in stone. You should not consider your own lack of knowledge and skill to build with stone as a measure to evaluate what other, probably smarter, people would be able to do. If you re one of the people that have fallen for the unlikely logic and false claims of con men like von Daniken en Foerster, I suggest you watch some video's on the channel of Stefan Milo who sometimes takes the effort to debunk all those nonsense tales of wonder. Scientist against Myth is another interesting channel if you want to know what the scientific findings are. They are so kind as to actually show exactly how things were done and would encourage people to try it for themselves as well if they are not convinced yet. Obviously it is always possible God took a dump and the pyramids just appeared, but it is highly unlikely.
Regarding your inner and outer alignment of the stones, I think it would be necessary to rule out the possibility that those travelling to the site over thousands of years have not removed then replaced the top layer to see what's beneath them or otherwise. We would need to see another layer to rule that out.
Sorry if I wasn't clear, I mean, we'd need to see the layer of stones vertically beneath the top layer to be sure, rather than go off of what we can see visibly on the top layer.
Very well done. When I first became aware of the scans showing the ascending spiral I genuinely wondered how there was still any debate. I was definitely not aware of the evidence at the top, but I am grateful to you for pointing that out. Really great first video, your channel is going places!
I did see something similar but my interpretation was that they weren't necessarily arranged outer-and-inner but rather that they seemed placed with elongated-stones, at certain points relative to the corner-oriented & center-jointed "X-pattern" which dissects the level into, essentially, 4 right-triangles, which are lengthwise oriented in-to-out.
i think I've noticed something interesting! what i saw was the randomness in size and shape of stones in the middle section, where the perimeter section stones were precisely cut, it implies that the perimeter stones were placed first in each layer, then small slabs between the perimeter stones and the middle stones were placed accordingly to create a rotated inner section for inner stone placement. and then the inner stones were kinda filled the remaining area. this eliminates the need for the stone to be precisely cut, any size or shape would suffice as the job is to not care about the size and just fill the remaining area with stones. this satisfies the randomness of the size and shape of middle stones. another observation was that the inner stone structure may alternate between clockwise and counterclockwise rotation layer by layer to secure the whole structure and enhance the durability.
Yes I noticed the same! The video highlights 3 layers of stone and includes all those layers to show a pattern when you can see that the separate layers alternate in the direction of stone length. It makes sense each layer should be offset and possibly spiraling downward through the layers but the top layers can be smaller and used more as fill because they aren't holding so much weight.
The tops probably made like that for strength..its like stackin leaves on top of each other.if ya line em all up its weak.. Kind of like building a coneyor belt with pins in it if ya line up all pieces of the belt the it will split somewhere but if ya overlap each seam then its tied togeth and cant split
You are right. In fact the pyramids are just a big pile of rubble capped with stones to hold it in shape. The biggest pyramid actually has eight sides above surface, slightly concave, to hold back this enormous pile in shape.
Im just wondering, if the pyramids were covered in smoothe blocks of limestone, how were they removed? I assume it was done from the top down so how did anyone get up there to dislodge them?
Wonderful video, thanks. I think it would be very helpful if you included some sort of drawing of the ramp you envisioned that would produce the results we see on the summit, as I don't know exactly what you were picturing! But great channel, keep up the great work. Curious what you make of the rope-roll hypothesis for the pyramid construction.
It's amazing how off square the top looks, and yet the overall structure is perfectly oriented. That's not coincidental, there must be a building pattern. When the picture looking up along the edges of the faces. Look very alternated, but yet the overall product is perfectly squared. No, I did not see the pattern you pointed out. That's incredible.
Those pictures here in this video instilled for the first time the crazyness of this monument to me. I always knew it, but somehow now I can see all those ancient egyptians carrying those giant stones in the heat of the desert, piling them up to a horrifying mass. It is not the hight of the pyramid , it is this sheer, unreasonably mass of stones that had to be carried by human and animal power over great distance. Woow…
The most amazing feature of the Great Pyramid that I learned in recent years is that it is not really four sided, but eight. Each side is angled in slightly (right through the center of each side) and when the light hits it just right you could see it easily.
@@KB-pk8cn if the top is a side, wouldn't the bottom be also.. AHHHHHHHHHH 10 sides q: > ) ...........I've seen them, and it is like seeing a miracle, how could they do it in 20 years, how could they do it at all.
Great video, I was able to notice a slight difference when trying to determine for myself. I didn't identify it as an outer perimeter and inner perimeter. Looking forward to seeing the channel grow
I just wanna say, mr. History That I really enjoy your channel. I stumbled upon it and you’ve formed a fascination with ancient Egypt for me I can’t get enough of these pyramids now Thank you for these!
The thing that I got from looking at the top of the pyramid was that it looked like a spiral pattern, that got progressively less precise as it got closer to the inside. The main thing that struck me was how haphazard the whole thing looked, which seemed odd for such a high-precision structure, and I was thinking that the last courses just weren't considered to be very important, and so could be skimped on. And the huge gaps between the stones seemed quite odd, given how well-known the precision-fit of some many of the visible stones are, not only on this structure, but throughout ancient Egypt. Here they seem to be assembling random stones that only vaguely fit together. But I'm also thinking about a point you made in another video, about thermal expansion. Perhaps there are expansion voids throughout.
Looking at how there are some stones that are fit together more precisely than others, I get the impression that at sometime in the past, someone removed some of the inner stones ( top layer or two) to see if there was a room at the top and then set them back in without caring to be precise. I doubt we will ever know exactly how they built them. We would need to disassemble them piece by piece at least until we uncovered enough of the inner structure to understand the overall structure inside and out. A peek behind the chamber walls and access tunnels would be revealing... Personally, I think they literally built it practically a step at a time. Set the innermost structural support stones and then worked out to the outermost edge to where the white limestone skin would be placed later. That would give the workers a sizeable flat platform to work on to set the next set of structural support stones while other crews worked setting the fill stones to the outer edge. A ramp which probably resembled something like the support terraces the Incas used to build Machu Picchu on probably encased the outer structure. The chambers and tunnel casing stones were probably pre cut and placed when they reached the level they were to be placed. The ramp itself would've been a feat all on its own. The white finishing stones probably went on from top working down as the ramp came down. They likely rested on the "steps" and we're shimmed with flat rocks to keep level with the correct angle until surrounding stones locked them into place. It is possible they took the ramp down and rebuilt it as they cased the pyramid, but doubtful. If they could build it as precise as they did, I'm sure they would've been able to case it from top, down. But I don't see the need or even benefit of an inner ramp. It would've been Too tight for any sizeable stone to be hauled up it, especially at the turns, and working it a layer at a time allows for multiple crews to work simultaneously, plus it gave them a platform to stage many stones for the assembly crews to grab and set without waiting for the ground crews.
People have gone up there for thousands of years and moved the inner stones hoping to find a way in. Then this act of vandalism was refitted incorrectly.Simple
David, there's nothing really that "precise" in the fit of any of the core blocks which are visible to us today. The exceptions are the few Tura casing blocks which reman intact in a small section of the base. A casual examination of all of the visible courses reveals every stone is very rough cut and does not make a close joint to its neighboring blocks. The joints are jagged, wide and irregular. No doubt all were filled with the crude mud mortar the Egyptians used and which is in evidence in certain places within the outer core, in places which can be reached for observation. For sure, the courses are very well spaced and all appear to be generally level from end to end. I think Flanders Petri made an attempt to determine the general levelness of the courses and decided they were as good as can be expected using such rough cut blocks. proclamations unequivocally
@3:50 I was always told about how perfect the blocks are all lined up and how you can't even slide a piece of paper between them. Then you look at the top and it's a complete mess with gaps everywhere.
Yes I saw the rotated inner square right away before you mentioned it. I thought it is the result of lining up the edge stones with the sides first and then filling up the space inside. The rotation may indicate the technique as you suggest. Great video, thanks. Have you noticed the huge blocks (at least 10 times wider) at the base of the pyramid? How was that put in place?
@@darko4608 There are theories. I hate that none can be proven true. I really hate that. I wanna know the truth so bad, but I don't think anyone ever will and that shit drives me crazy. If anyone in this world does know the whole truth, which they don't, we'd never get to talk to them. They'd be hidden or killed. But let's argue on the comment thread.
i would say every stone in the top 2 courses has been moved retrospectively , theres grooved patterns in a lot of the outer stones to suggest there was a square pattern inlayed, i would say the top of the pyramid has been highly modified to create the relatively flat surface, picking up stones and moving to where ever they fit best
Its amazing to me how many times I keep coming back to this channel and re-watching your videos. Perhaps I am dense, but every time I watch them I gain a bit of understanding that I didn't get from the first pass. This is by far my favorite channel on youtube. Thank you so much for your hard work.
Nice theory, but as I really think about this idea. As heavy as these stones were and the amount of man power that took to move them. How do you get that amount of people and materials onto a narrow ramp pulling on ropes connected to these stones around a triangle? And what did they use on these ramps to dampen the friction created by these stones.
Study the gigantic Roman structures. They left a lot of their constitution records and were able to raise blocks twice that size straight up vertically. The Romans moved bigger stones than any other civilization in history. These pyramid blocks aren't even granite. Easy to quarry and transport.
@@bryandraughn9830 the stones on the inside are granite and we’re from a quarry over a 100 miles away. Even with the timeline they are claiming the it was built in, it was not possible, they would have to place a stone every 2 minutes. And the structures you are claiming built? Romans built on top of structures that already existed when it came to megalithic sites.
Saw the difference almost immediately. My thought however was that they had aligned the outer stones, then dropped the middle ones in to fill however they happened to fit. It would be interesting to know if other layers match up the same way on the inside.
To me is seems like the misalignment of the filling stones must have had the purpose of stabilizing the structure - I bet the next layer is turned opposite!
That doesn't work as the outer stones would require support or they would simply fall over before you could place stones inside the structure to support them.
@@Baronstone i dont think you get it, he prob means that every layer was first build on the outside to then be filled to becone a solid layer, basicly layer by layer, not the whole outer shell first and then just fill everything with block.
Outer layer first than fill the interior as needed. Fast and simple. Jean-Pierre Houdin clarify and explain. This small, but extremely important detail quite well. Personally one of the details he presented while backing his theory. Remarkably well should be said. Is a tiny inconspicuous video. Of present day Egyptians workers doing exactly the same. Using precisely the same basic technique. Curiously a method well known and used in most of North Africa, to this day and age! When presented with that. What astonished me the most. Is that not only its an old and well known technique in the region. But also it was staring us on the face for millennia! And nobody noticed!!! Literally the main answer, has been there all the time! 😋
Here’s a question- if the pyramid was covered with a granite Coverstone, which were removed, and obviously repurposed, has anybody ever found any of the rocks or stone covers in the city?
I remember reading one of the piramids was originally covered with white rock [sinted red with an oil based paint, and that one of said rocks was repurposed for some coastline structure, I don't know the English word, basically a seafacing wall.
I propose that they built the inner chamber structures with the largest stones, then they wrapped that with a loosely fitted stepped pyramid structure. Once they got it to that point they placed filler blocks with an aligned outer layer to get close to the overall finished size and shorten the height of the steps then they capped it off with angled finishing stones. All could be done using scaffolding and rope cranes. There were flat unfinished areas near the corners with cranes allowing the blocks to be moved into position that were then filled in from top to bottom near the end of the build.
Thanks for this great drone image analysis HFG, as you said in the video, construction theories need to line up with physical evidence. Could you possibly do a video on the core structure theory for the "big 3", with reference to why this would offer structural/construction advantages to the ancient Egyptians over the laying of continuous courses of masonry? I'm also very interested in the vertical clefts on each side of the pyramid and what they could possible tell us about the possible construction methods used. Keep up the great work!
Thanks Ian, that's a pretty good idea. I'd definitely need to include Meidum/Bent/Red in the analysis, as most of the evidence comes from them. In some ways the simplest argument is the most persuasive - which is 'if we know they built that way in Meidum, why would they completely change it up?'
@@HistoryforGRANITE Absolutely, but I've never seen a schematic for how to build ramps for a core structure, it's a lot of work to make 2 spiral ramps for one monument! Then there's the nice tidy finish of the core: why all this extra work on structures that will never be seen? I have been really attached o the "rubble core" idea for some ime, it really made sense in regards to construction & quarrying .
What a lot of historians forget, is what we know today about history, can be different tomorrow. As one little clue can change so much. Always keep an open mind, no matter what you do. I have always been fascinated by Egypt and what was built there. Your videos have shown me way more then I realized that was there.
I rarely hear it mentioned that each side of the pyramid is concave , making it in effect eight sided , it’s almost mind boggling to think how this was done or planned even
Wonderful. This wasn't discovered until a plane flew over years ago and was able to take a photo when the sun was at the right angle to show the shadows better. X
Could this be a clue that each side was constructed one at a time? - meaning not in a spiral pattern as we all assume? - I mean anything is plausible as we do not know, the concave method would mean one side at time would work as the pressure exerted from the blocks from doing so would support the loads…of course i am taking about the the covering of the structure below (what we can see now) before the limestone….
@@christinewilde110 What's really crazy is that the 8 sides of the pyramid are only visible at sunrise and sunset of the spring and autumn equinoxes! The airplane that saw it first in the modern era was flying at sunrise on the equinox! The whole structure is a giant calendar, besides whatever else it may have been used for. Truly, it's beyond our comprehension how it was built. But every clue brings us closer to understanding.
The fact that it faces almost perfectly true north, more so than any structure ever build even today, is pretty amazing. But it's the precision of the cuts that they made that will always be insane to me.
@@TheRealNappyG crazy…like you said, beyond our comprehension. And for what purpose would these pyramids be built this way? To only be seen for just two days of the year? I don’t know brother. There’s so much for us to learn from the people that came before us
The stepped inner Ziggurat core has been posited before and your insightful observations consolidate the probable engineering even more. Would be interesting to take the leap now to Mexico and South America for comparison of the stepped pyramid structures there and any geochemically similar compositions of building materials. Great video. Thanks.
I saw a pattern in the middle. I noticed it was different than the outside but how did they or where does the internal ramp end to bring up those last few blocks?
Where you mark the inner red stones, you missed out on quite a few which i think puts into question the rotation when included. I feel more like they lined the outer stones up nicely, then they just filled the hole in a best fit approach.
@@ScreamingEagleFTW Im pretty sure that that is what it is. Modern construction is not too much different. When i worked construction in China they would just jam any old junk unaligned into the walls, and then bog it out fill it and smooth to perfection. The other stones they laid to perfection were the inner chamber and tunnel lining. I think the roughness of pyramid internals should be visible in the Robber Tunnel as they burrows through where the pyramids are finished perfectly.
@@ScreamingEagleFTW The big pyramids were plundered by middle age or possibly much earlier tomb raiders. The dug around all the protective structures, pretty much straight into the side of the pyramid, and met up wih the real entrance past all defense points.
7:43 If you look at the layers on the right, there seems to be one "floor level" that sticks out further than the others above and below it at repeating intervals up the side, and repeating patterns at those intervals with some stones sticking out further than the others on those wider levels. I propose that the stones were lifted not one single level at a time, but up several levels at a time to those wider levels. Using two long poles as legs and the stone supported between them much like a child's swing, with a rope at the apex of the poles that is pulled upward or toward the center of the pyramid to raise the stones from one wider level to the next. You could have mutiple stones being raised at the same time in this fashion all along the four faces of the pyramid. It would take significantly less effort to raise the stones this way, because the poles would support the greater weight. The large staggered stones on the wider levels would provide an excellent notch to hold the base of the poles in position. To take this to another level of complication, each "leg" could be located at different levels, so the stone would move slightly to the left and right at each level as it rises up to higher levels. This would keep the stones closer to the face of the pyramid.
I agree that it does look off, and staining is simply a best guess lacking other evidence. It would be huge for Egyptology if it wasn’t limestone, so I infer that major publications/studies not mentioning it means that it’s not a true anomaly. But then again, plenty of other interesting features get ignored as well…
@@HistoryforGRANITE Please look into Zahi Hawass' suppression of any information on Ancient Egypt that does not fit with our incredibly outdated narrative. He considers himself the grand authority on all of Egypt, its history, and its artifacts. I'd also like to know your thoughts and feelings on the ancient precision-made stoneware that features exact symmetry, crisp edges, and perfect circles the likes of which cannot be made by human hands alone. The accepted timeline for the advancement of technology is, in my opinion, founded on highly outdated and unsubstantiated evidence. The mountain of evidence that points to ancient advanced technology is quickly overshadowing that of the stone-age societies we are told of in the story of orthodox history.
@@HistoryforGRANITE The colored rock is from some 1960's hippie bozo with a quart of blue permanent dye that likely carved Beatles lyrics in the stone too. Such fools that inhabit this earth.
@@nataliew409 I shared a bottle of wine in Laguna beach with Zahi and friends, and hardly a more cunning and charismatic human lives today. He has come and will go along with his pet peeves and beliefs and all this conundrum will be regurgitated ad infinitum. [Ad nauseum]
@@HistoryforGRANITE I shared a bottle of wine in Laguna beach with Zahi and friends, and hardly a more cunning and charismatic human lives today. He has come and will go along with his pet peeves and beliefs and all this conundrum will be regurgitated ad infinitum.
Great video 👍🏻 when I paused from the birds eye view I could really see how it has 8 sides and not 4. I had heard this before but couldn’t really see it until this video as the angles are quite small.
First thing that caught my eye from the overhead picture was the three blocks on the top of the screen that have a matching groove/bevel across them, perfectly matching like a puzzle, even though the edges of the blocks are not aligned. Without further evidence, it is difficult to say what causes this feature; be it weathering, cutting of a larger stone, masonry to fit other blocks, or something that eludes me. It seems like this would be a great place to draw inferences from to determine the method of construction or wear after construction.
Ingenius analysis. I did notice the rotation of the inner stones at the summit. I also noticed on some exterior shots of the great pyramid that there appears to be faintly horizontal contrast lines at approximately 3-4 levels of the pyramid. Yes you have the wider 15th or 16th course you've covered, that's likely one of them but there's others. They're faint and obscured by rubble but there are distinct horizontal bands that contrast at these locations. Evidence of different stages of building possibly?
@@1theheightofparadise The Pyramid are on a flat plain a few dozen meters above the Nile valley, so inundation could not cover them, not even reach them. Occasional rainfalls could have permeated between the stones, but this rains are extremely rare, and would have resulted in irregular descending lines, not regular horizontal ones.
Very good observations. I would like to thank you for the emergence of yet another systematic researcher on the field of the pyramid's construction. I'd like to point out that this Dark Rock has to be analyzed carefully. In my opinion it is totally different from the others. I could tell that because I'm used to recognize different types of rocks being a geologist myself. From that amount of information I'll guess it's a basalt or another kind of melanocratic rock. Another interesting point to note is that there are small rectangular excavations on the perimeter in the rocks that are on the outermost edges. An analysis must be made of the usefulness of these structures. That could be related to the ramp itself.
When fitting additional layers of rocks from above, they always dug down into the rock already seated to make them fit. So that's usually what you're seeing with the excavations. But you're correct that with enough of them visible you can start to infer more about the construction pattern.
The colored rock is from some 1960's hippie bozo with a quart of blue permanent dye that likely carved Beatles lyrics in the stone too. Such fools that inhabit this earth.
One thing I thought I noticed was that the stones towards the center of each face on the outer un-rotated ring, seemed longer than they were wide, but with the long sides perpendicular to the face of the pyramid. At first I thought that it was caused by the builders compensating for the gap caused by the inner stones being rotated, but after looking back at it, this pattern continues in to the center most stones of the spun section as well. Could this be done to increase the number of stones that the upper most courses of the pyramid have on yhe outside? Would that increase the stability of those courses as the pyramid narrowed?
I took your challenge, and what I saw was: approximately the middle two rows (traveling left to right) seem to be the most regular and planned stone lays. I feel they laid these stones first and although slightly crooked as they propagate from left to right (and relative to the macro-shape), they then had to make the others fit either by placing the upper row and bottom row next, followed by filling in the gaps. But if they placed these three rows prior to laying the filling stones, that implies at some point they would have to lower the final few stones into their resting places (rather than simply dragging them laterally into position) within the boundary of stones that were already laid. Therefore, the smallest stones most likely were the last stones to be placed because they would be easiest to lower vertically into position. I don't know that I agree with the spiraling ramp theory, although I agree the pyramid shape plays into, by facilitating, the method used to construct the pyramid. I have other thoughts on this.
I noticed the 2 alignments but made the wrong assumption why it would be built that way, my conclusion was that multiple overlaid directions of tilt (if falling apart) would add stability by restricting movement more than aligning all the stones. This was a pretty swift and not thought out conclusion so I'm sure there's tons of holes to poke in it.
I've always wondered if the shafts from the queen's chamber stopped at the exterior of the pyramid while the ramp was in place, and they got closed up when they encased the pyramid and the ramp just became part of the overall structure.
The shafts coming out of the queens chamber don't reach the outside like that of the King's Chamber shafts because the pyramid was expanded at some point. I believe that the shafts were made to slide airtight stones down them to artificially increase the pressure inside the 2 chambers maybe to be able to replicate the pressures found deep under ground where magma forms into Granite. So they could have been melting Granite inside these Chambers but found out that the pyramid was to small and had to expand it. Just another theory to add to the stack. I hope you can attend The Cosmic Summit in June at the Crown Plaza Hotel & Resort in Asheville North Carolina. I'll be there. It's $500 for a ticket and it lasts all weekend, food will be provided. If not you can pay only $50 to be able to live stream the event. Anyway you choose it will be the place to be if you want to learn the cutting edge theorys on ancient civilization and how the ice age impacted our human story. There is a website. Hope to see you there.
I just don’t think a spiral ramp makes any sense. As heavy as these stones were and the amount of people that it took to move them. My question is, how do you get that amount of people on a narrow ramp pulling on ropes around a triangle?
The twist at the top is clearly visible and without doubt a designed artifact. Fascinating.... Your center, spiraling ramp idea needs to be pursued with a lot of thought.
it would be easier to attach a spiralling ramp to a stepped pyramid, I suppose, it would be less likely to slide down. They would have had to add the outermost blocks and the facing stones as the ramp was removed, in that case, which sounds decidedly tricky as a proposition.
Why to make and remove a detached spiral ramp, when you can just make it part of the construction, as Jean-Pierre Houdin suggested, and this video supports?
As a professional CP, (couch potato) and a long time VW, (video watcher) I find this video truly amazing. I have practiced my art for 35 years, and this video has truly inspired me.
3:52 My first thought was that the outer stones were placed first and the inner stones where chosen and maybe chiseled to fit in the inner perimeter. There are also much smaller tones placed in the inner. That have been my first thoughts.
What I wonder about is how much those have been moved. Seems to me at some point someone would have went up there and tried moving these blocks. Probably only a few layers at most but a treasure hunter must have thought to try to move some. If it were me I would have started with the smallest block first and maybe end up to a point where there's a block too large to lift up and just slide it like one of those weird puzzle games that only has one empty space. It's very hard to put irregular shaped blocks back together again unless you specifically planned to do so. I have trouble believing that layer looks exactly like it did when it was built. So only so much weight can be put on assumptions made of it. Also a lot of those blocks have a recess built into them for something to sit on top it seems as though they are scattered about. Looks like a puzzle that wasn't put back together properly or those blocks were all reused.
I agree that these blocks were moved at some point and then put back very miss matched. The whole top several layers of block are missing .So why is it hard to believe that these weren't also messed with. That's my theory.
I would say, on the contrary, that it's not likely that those inner blocks have been very altered. Even the blocks on the top of the pyramid are huge, really heavy and very hard to manipulate.
Nie wiem czy czytasz komentarze, ale jeśli znali koło i mieli ogromne młyny z przed tysięcy lat co widać do dzisiaj to nic nie szkodzi na przeszkodzie by takie jedno koło postawić na szczycie, i łatwiej zrobić platformę i przeciągnąć linę , jak i łatwiej jest na zasadzie przeciw wagi wejść ludziom i być ciężarem dla kamienia po przeciwległej stronie piramidy . Rampa mogła być dla ludzi , nie dla materiału . 8:23 tam jest płasko jak stół , i z drugiej strony też tak musiało być na kamieniu (licowym) czyli obłożonym równo bez występów. Do tego też pomocne były wgłębienia na środku konstrukcji by transport przebiegał bez stabilizacji platformy i nie uciekał na boki. Dlatego są wgłębienia w środku każdego bloku , i w środku też jest idealna droga dla platformy a po zewnątrz już są występy . Mogę snuć domysły i różna kombinację ale jeśli nikt tego nie rozważy przez zmianę myślenia to szkoda czasu .
It was put there a century ago to mark the original Pyramid apex, to assist with aligning the apex with stars, etc. A few years ago a disturbed individual climbed to the top and damaged it, and so the authorities removed the whole thing.
I like the stability concept. Also, if all the layers were more aligned, there would be deeper gaps going down further. Perhaps it was done to keep water from reaching the internal structure, and also, maybe even to help make it airtight.
I spent 3 months in Egypt when I was in the US Army back in ‘97 or ‘98 on Operation Bright Star which is a multinational exercise conducted in Egypt every 2 years. Our field hospital provided all of the medical coverage for the entire exercise, which itself is only 2 weeks long. We had to be there before and after as all the logistics and support units arrived. I went with my units advance party, which consisted of 8 people even though I was a 23 year old Specialist. I had been deployed in Bosnia previously and had a ton of real world experience using DEPMEDS (deployable medical systems) and was viewed as a grizzled veteran by our senior leaders. We flew into Cairo West, which was an Egyptian Air Force Base. We spent one night there, and were driven up to Alexandria, Egypt to wait to receive our unit’s equipment by boat at the port there. We were given berths at Aggami; which was an Egyptian military resort on the Mediterranean Sea while waiting for our gear to arrive. It took them a week longer than expected to arrive, so we got to hang out on the beach; which was incredible, while waiting for our gear to arrive. We then unloaded all our gear with the help of a transportation company, drove it to Mubarick Military City which is about 60 miles west of Alexandria, and set up our field hospital. There really wasn’t much to do there. We did a few minor procedures in the OR. Mainly hand and finger fractures and the odd appendectomy. There was a mass casualty event involving 8 British soldiers in a motor vehicle accident, but unfortunately they were all DOA. We got to go to Alexandria a number of times, as it was close by. We even visited an Egyptian civilian hospital and got to observe an open heart procedure. On the day before we flew home, our unit had hired a bunch of busses to take us to the pyramids. They showed up about 6 hours late (which is pretty typical of Egypt) and brought far fewer busses than were needed to transport the entire unit to Giza. Our unit took the high road and allowed the lowest ranking personnel to board the busses first. There were 6 of them, and the highest ranking person that got to go was an E5 Sergeant. We got to the pyramids about an hour before sunset. They took us around to an area just beyond the pyramids to the southwest that was supposed to be the best to photograph the pyramids from. We got out and took photos for about 10 minutes, then they took us back to the other side of the acropolis to where the Sphinx is. Driving past the pyramids again, I could see that there were scores of people climbing all over the pyramids. It may have been illegal, but in reality I don’t recall seeing a single police man there trying to stop anyone… That being said, I would have loved to have climbed up them. I consider it to be one of the greatest let downs of my life; but then again, I got to go see the pyramids for free after spending 3 months in the most foreign culture I’d ever been exposed to. Down by the Sphinx, there were a number of reception halls where wedding receptions were going on. Each one had quite literally thousands of people in attendance. It was one of the coolest things I’ve seen in my life. They had giant feasts going on and hookahs burning on every table. Live bands playing traditional Egyptian instruments with belly dancers, all in view of the pyramids and the Sphinx in full moon light under the night sky.
Mr. Hawassasi, secretly watchs your videos, Im sure,😊 I've restarted here reviewing all ur videos, . Keep up the Good Work young Man, I believe you have found your calling to Help others rethink established Thinking. . I feel building in stages is clearly evident
It makes a lot of sense. Many years ago someone proposed a way of building ramps as they went up, but that would have been very labor intensive. The method proposed here has one VERY BIG ADVANTAGE. The builders can correct themselves as they build successive layers. It could also be a way of earthquake proof the structure.
A very interesting theory that certainly makes some sense. I love how our understanding is always evolving and how technology is helping us understand new things.
That makes good sense to me, I have been studying the great pyramids for many years. I did notice the kind of spiral effect you were talking about on the top of the truncated pyramid, your analysis makes sense for a spiral ramp! then covered in casing stones.
Good points mentioned! I always felt that the Pyramids were built from the lower ground on up, from the inside out, ground floor to top, then top to bottom placing casing stones using each course as the ramps themselves. 2 to go up and 2 to go down. Sounds weird, but what is NOT weird regarding these structures. Even the minds of Einstein, Newton and Sagan, to name a few, could not figure it out. Think about it: Einstein discovered The Theory of Relativity, but could figure out how the Pyramids were built. Crazy! Great channel by the way.😉
@@Otis-Tank Gravity is BS? Try standing under a falling brick ... or better, offer an explanation (one that isn't BS) for the fall of said brick. I read somewhere that "Gravity proves that the whole world sucks" (and I still love it!).
There is another Theory about using a wooden box, like an elevator shaft to float the blocks up. Wrapping them in papyrus would cushion them as well. Just like a canal lock, a chamber at the lowest end would recieve the block, then water pumped in & the separating door opened to start the block on its way upwards. There is also the possibility that the external spirals were filled with water that could be raised, then pumped to raise to the next higher level. Simple enough to put the extra water down one level for the next block coming up.
what about the smooth part at 8:24? looks like they used it to drag things up. they either smoothed it to drag or the dragging made it smooth by grinding it down.
In a beginning architectural class we were asked to make a pyramid out of sugar cubes. I procrastinated as usual. When I realized I wasn't going to finish, I looked at how the pyramids were made. I quickly cut out small people, and ramps out of cardboard. Using string for rope, I laid out a couple ramps. I had the people pulling the sugar cubes (stones) up the ramps. The teacher said it showed originality.
Incredible aerial shots... they really move me... I can't believe I have climbed up there several times. I'll never forget the sound of the mosques call to prayer blaring dissonantly from multiple out of sync speakers across the entire city from up there. It's chilling.
What is at most mind-boggling for me: these stones are all different. Normally in construction, you have blocks of equal size and shape and you can simply put them there as they come. Now I imagine the guy on the top and he got all these blocks hauled up and yet they fit tightly together (some gaps are obviously caused by a shift of a group of blocks). That reminds me of paving where you simply try what fits together. And you need a heap to choose from. But doing that with these heavy things manually without much space there ... ? The alternative is even more absurd: pre-laying and fitting the blocks on the ground and then hauling them up and reposition everything exactly as planned.
If stones were pre laid on the ground and then moved up you would expect markings on the stone. No markings apear present. But surwly they did not just transport the stones up then hope they just fit.
@@thee-sportspantheon330 i doubt they would make small markings that could be made with a tiny amount of coal or chalk that would withstand thousands of years
@@l.h.9747 That is a valid point. I was thinking they would use notchings but they probably did use charcoal. I worry it might rub off during climb up but they know what they're doing so yeah...
Jean Pierre Houdin extremely logical theory. Point to a very obvious tell tale. Exterior face lay down, worked and treated to the desired finish. Than the interior simply filled with more random stones and other filling material. Compatible with what we see here. Saving a huge amount, of both, time and complexity. We can be 100% sure that time and K.I.S.S. have been fully applied. Economy of both wouldn't be strange to either Humans. Us or them, separated only by time, not brain. ;-)
Ok, here is my take. I disagree with the idea that a ramp was ever used, or at least for the majority of the building process for two reasons. The first reason is that builders like to use their energy efficiently. The first 25% of the pyramid’s height contains 57.8% of its mass; the next 25% is 29.7%, the third 25% is 10.93and the final 25% is only 2.65%. A straight approach ramp would grow disproportionately in size as the pyramid got taller to a point that 99% of the work effort would be spent building the ramp rather than the pyramid. A spiral ramp might have been used, but I think not because of the second reason, that being ‘line-of-sight’; and this accounts for the vertical concave ‘crease’ seen in the middle of each face of the pyramid. Each time a course of blocks was started I believe it was laid relative to datum blocks positioned at the mid point on the outer face on each side. Using a plumb line and angle frame a line of site was taken, looking down the face, from a mid reference point on the bottom course. By this means the initial block of each side of each course could be centred vertically in relation to the base and set back at an appropriate angle from the course below. No block in any course was allowed to interrupt this line-of-site to the base and so the ‘crease ‘ was formed as the pyramid grew in height. The slight angle of each course plan of blocks relative to the course below was to allow the blocks to tie together and to allow a ‘staircase’ to form at the corners to enable easier block lifting. I believe the blocks were lifted at the corners since the slope of 42 degrees it much safer and shallower than going up a 51.83 degree face.
I want to know how they created the foundation. You can't just build such a massive structure on sand, or any normal ground. They had to flatten a massive section of bedrock to make it so the pyramid wouldn't just sink into the ground
This was my first visit to your fascinating channel, and it's your first!! Lol just thought it was funny. But you know what they say, "thinking only got thought so far " Thank you! I'm going to watch more now lol
In 1958, when I was 13 years old, my brother and I (he was 17) followed a guide to the top of the pyramid. There were Egyptian men at the base who for a few small coins would do this for tourists. The view from the top was stunning, of course. In those days, it wasn’t hazy. The chiseled inscriptions at the apex were spellbinding, and appeared in various languages. Some were dated hundreds of years before. Graffiti has always been with us.
Everyone followed the same path to the top: it went up one of the corners. And you hoisted yourself up, block by block. (You can clearly identify that corner in the video.) If you fell, you were dead. It’s remarkable that my parents permitted us to do that. It took about a half hour to reach the top. The top of each stone was level with my waist.
After we’d returned to the ground, another Egyptian told us that for a small sum fo money he would climb to the top and back in five minutes flat. We hired him to do it. He spent four minutes climbing to the top: he was in great physical condition. And then he descended, leaping from block to block, in the remaining minute. You had to see it to believe it. He got the price he’d quoted, plus a tip.
I don’t know when tourists were finally forbidden to make the dangerous trip. But I’m glad it was after I was in Egypt. I’m now 78 years old.
thanks for sharing your amazing experience!
I imagine that is why the pyramid appears "unfinished". A flat spot for tourists to stand around on is a lot more convenient.
Thank you for sharing your story. You were one lucky boy.
Roderick, That was a great story. Felt like I was there. Thanks.
That’s beautiful thanks for sharing
After a careful examination of the drone photograph I was able to determine that the Pyramid was built by placing blocks on top of each other.
Nasa is looking for you.
Yea but inside the pyramid there are also more blocks that lay pon one another
😂😂😂
Secret alien tech 🪨
Yes. In a particular pattern as well. I see this too
It's a big leap to take from the misalignment of middlestone blocks to the outside and then assume that that is because of a ramp
I visit Egypt and the great pyramids in 1980 and I could not climb because it was not permitted even back then. Now with the drones we got spectacular shots of the apex of the pyramid that I sincerely was not expected ever to see. Thank you so much for these gorgeous photos!
Just think if you were the last of the workers having to climb to the upper parts of the pyramids! You would of been exhausted by the time you clocked in. So if it were I ,I would of had a little hut withe food and water notched in.
So ramps or elevators of sorts, I have heard of ramps of all kinds for the material, but what of the access for everyone and everting else?
Me too, in 1985. But I knew a guy who had slept somewhere on a pyramid somewhere between ‘80 and ´85
th-cam.com/video/Q0hXG_RA7vc/w-d-xo.html
What'd you think about the 8 sides instead of 4? How much harder does that make the math and stone cutting angles for the overall Pyramid?
In the 80's you could climb it at night, my grandmother's Egyptian friends would take us at night and show us around.
Interesting theory. However anyone building a structure that size or even smaller would find that the offset of the stones just adds stability. The next layer down could vary well be offset counter clockwise, much like when building a brick wall, you offset one brick from the other. That's how I would do it.
Yep, exactly. Also, we can see a changing sizes of smaller stone and bigger stone, what is also for stability of the structure.
And this would also explain why the Great pyramid has 8 sides not 4.
I concur. Being an engineer and working in the field of construction for 20+ years, whether you are talking about drywall and plywood, or masonry and wood, or steel and iron, there is a need for slight offsets in all various planes for the purpose of stability. I believe there was a proposal by some engineers years ago that hypothesized using puzzel shaped pieces for buildings in earthquake zones due to the random shapes offering a greater stability and the likelyhood of coming apart was greatly reduced. If I recall correctly, it worked in theoretical principle and model building, however was cost preventative in application. You do have an interesting theory, however I think there are other factors that may hold the sway on the decision to offset. I was able to see the offset before you pointed it out! This was a nice new look at an old question.
H,D Buey, yeah Buey😂
And there is no proof these stones were never moved
Hey , i am a retired construction engineer. The way i would do the pyramid is to go straight up the sides using a counter weight method. I would use 30 crews on the east and on the west sides. My estimate is it took 20,000people, 12 years to build, Its the confirmation of the high civilization of ancient Egypt.
I climbed the GP in 1981. It was forbidden but no one gave a damn. It was summer, so tourists were scarce and my GF and I had the interior all to ourselves for hours. Your analysis makes total sense, especially for controlling the eight sides, as they finished off the true pyramid shape.
Did you notice an out of place granit block, or do you think this is just soot from a fireplace?
@@herrhausb i dont know. people have been climbing that pyramid for thousands of years. It would be the natural thing to do to light a fire on top but what would they use for fuel? They would have to carry up a lot of wood or maybe someone was sacrificed on the topmost block.
that must have been amazing!
@@ScreamingEagleFTW They are hideously steep with a relatively smooth surface most of their existence, so ceremonies at the pointy top would be unlikely.
I find myself to be hideously jealous of you.
You've made a good point here. The angle of rotation you've noted can be calculated in terms of height up the narrowing sides. Up so much means "in" via the slope of the sides. And, that equals the ramp slope, and this twisting effect.
The pyramid is so precise in every single way, I cannot believe they centered it on a ramp then had to correct the outer shell.
IF I was to build a pyramid from blocks layer by layer, my two largest problems would be how do I keep horizontality and how do I make sure the load spreads evenly (to prevent splitting of lower blocks under concentrated load). Total load is not an issue du to the dwindling size of each additional layer. I think that rotating each layer a bit above the precedent achieves #2. It's akin to brick layering: you shift the next layer 1/2 brick sideways. (And yes the pattern leaps to the eye.)
You would just ask aliens to help you, duh
I think they did it just like the video suggested; in stages as a step pyramid first. Then finished the outside pyramid. We already know the oldest dated pyramids are step pyramids so it would make sense they would have a strong knowledge of how to build those. From there it's just a matter of finishing the outside to be smooth and pretty with a nice mini-pyramid cap. So you build your base layer on a bedrock foundation with an outside spiral ramp. Then on top of that platform you start building another platform in the center with an "outside spiral ramp" that is still inside your base layer platform. Repeat until your desired dimensions/max height. Then as you back out your ramp you do your finished layer.
That would be just one of a number of problems. And there would be much bigger problems. For example, how to get 70 ton granite blocks up to 350 feet and exactly cover the royal chamber with them.
its hard to build pyramids even in a computer game as it need internal support all the way to the top. so i would suggest it was built from inside to out and the outer layer is the one we see so it was done with more precision. just like the inner chambers where probably priests held ceremonies..
They were constructed by beings not from earth. HUMAN BEINGS EVEN this days cant,CANT BUILD EVEN ONE. ALLIENS BUILD THEM.
My thought about the off-centered-ness before you explained yours was that maybe every other course was rotated a few degrees in ALTERNATING directions, which could strengthen the pyramid by causing fewer seams to line up with each other. Can we see more than one course anywhere in a row to rule that out?
Hello
Or they thought as long as they butt up to the the next stone who’s gonna know. Let’s lay this last level as fast as we can an get the hell off this job I’m fxxxxd
You can see three layers in the photograph and the length of stones does alternate between the three layers, possibly spiraling downard
It would be much simpler to use alternate direction stacking just like in thicker brick walls.
If you don't use mortar the rocks will tumble. This layout will lock the stones in place by angling them. Movement is greatly reduced, especially when there is a 'key' stone.
I thought I found the keystone as well.. but I'm just an average lover of ancient history. No experience at all with this-
Agreed, the angles don't make sense for a ramp, though a 2 stage build like he says is most likely how it was done. But the angles are to lock the dry stack together. At the base of the top view a few stones of the very top layer are there and they are placed 90 deg to the layer below for the same reason. I imagine the pyramid build grew from the centre out and up. That top view could show the centre been built and as the workers retreat they leave a stone behind them on the way back down to fill in that current ramp/staircase.
Mortar isn’t needed for monolithic structures, simply building them so the bottom and tops of each block slopes inward and towards the middle of each side will result in a stable structure.
They did use mortar: it has been carbon dated, too.
This has quickly become my favorite channel. Fascinating subject matter with thoughtful and detailed analysis. What a refreshing discovery. My compliments to you sir!
lol you can't be serious man... this is the mainstream sheep video
@@Lastinterceptor are you a flat earther?
I wonder if anyone has removed a few of the top layer blocks to see if the rotation is consistent or literally just the top layer shifted.
I have been fascinated by Ancient Egypt since I was a little girl attending an exhibit at the Houston Museum of Natural Science. Thank you!
As an engineer who worked on every major highrise in Sf for 31 years the pyramids are amazing
I hope you didn't work on millennium tower.
The ‘rogue’ ‘granite’ block is almost exactly at what would have been the extrapolated ‘apex’. Your observations are interesting and concur with one theory that postulates that the Egyptians( in particular Cheops) were renovating/preserving an already existing structure which they deified. Welcome to the wonderful world of piecing together lost history!
The only way we'll have a definite answer is if we start blowing it up in sections with dynamite 🧨
It's an interesting idea, but what evidence is there for it?
@@MrAchile13 all evidence will definitely lead you to no answer.
@Nātānsaurus what you been smoking my friend? You’re lost in the rabbit hole 😂 🍁
@Nātānsaurus one of the most unnecessarily rude responses iv ever seen 🤣
You can also clearly see that each layer (at least on the outer layers) were alternated back and forth so that the corners didn't actually line up directly. This is also the cause of each side not being flat but rather have an indentation all the way up the middle of each side. Very structurally sound layering.
The middle indentation on each of the 4 sides would have provided extra structural integrity. Just the idea of this indentation shows advanced understanding of structure engineering. To have carried this out with accuracy in ‘primitive’ times is unthinkable. Whoever built the pyramid was very experienced in building large heavy structures and would have had suitable heavy lifting machinery along with precise measuring equipment. Questions on the build - arise as to where is that heavy lifting machinery today and how long did this take to build. Why transport such heavy stones to this location?
I don't believe or see why the slight indentation on each side could be caused by the layering, neither do I believe they provide extra structural integrity. The pyramid builders were precise in what they did and the indentations are not regular, but show vertical imperfections on each pyramid face. I very much doubt they were present when built, but developed over time. It seems obvious to me that the internal support for each face has shifted (reduced) slightly over time, likely exacerbated by the huge mass of the external blocks. Further, these imperfections lead me to believe they give significant clues as to the internal structure.
Although this 5-10° rotation of internal stones may not continue throughout the lower courses of the pyramid, I feel that the concave sides of the Great Pyramid's backing stones suggest that just might be the case. As you mention, the external blue stones get deeper as they approach a corner. On the right side of your blue/red coloured image, you can see that rather than using extra deep stones, the builders have used two shorter stones. The centres of each side would be the places where you would require the deepest stones, since the sides closer to each corner would allow you to use shallower stones and simply lay them either one row or two rows deep.
I imagine that the deeper the stone you require, the fewer "just right" size stones you will have, and you are more likely to have stones that are slightly too shallow rather than slightly too deep. You have fewer options to achieve the exact depth relative to the inner stones angle at the point after you have maxed out your deepest stones but before you can justifiably fit two stones. This would be around the centre and create an unintentionally concave surface to the backing stones.
My other thought is that if the builders tended to add very shallow stones as they started to need to fill areas deeper than the deepest stones available but before it had become deep enough that they could use two 'normal' depth stones (i.e. the centre of each side) then perhaps those shallow stones were simply more likely to have come loose and been fractured/eroded and lost to time and increased the concavity of the backing stone sides. There are a few very shallow or very narrow stones visible in the drone image (relative to the size of the other stones, anyway) but none of them are on the external face.
Just looking to the pyramid, I thought a couple of things:
1. most volume is concentrated in lower 1/3 of height. So, they needed to find an efficient way to build such lower part and quickly. Also, that part supports of of weigh of the construction, so stonework must be perfect.
2. They must have used some sort of ramp. Look at the pyramid volume. What's the longest path with constant steep that you can trace within the pyramid volume? it's a straight path from one base corner, up to the opposite vertex of it. In theory, they could establish 4 ramps, starting from the 4 lower corners. Such ramp only served construction of the first 1/3 of height, then it was reasonable to use a spiral ramp like in the video.
I gotta say, from a first impression, the Great Pyramid looks like a great effort to protect an underlying structure. It looks like tremendous limestone blocks were somewhat crudely cut and stacked over an underlying, precision built, granite structure of unknown purpose. This was then made to look more refined and permanent, by covering this haphazard pile of stones in a precisely fit shell of casing stones. I am aware of the different theories, and I’m fairly certain this isn’t one of them, but when coupled with something like the flood narrative, it would be wise to make the shape pyramidal in form. Keep the videos coming!
wow, this is quite nice thesis, kinda explains entrance passage being covered, then later uncovered.
The build is not just the stacking of 50 ton blocks, the four/& 8 base sides are all within a half inch and less to alignment perfection on all sides. Grasp that!!
@@richardcoram1562 it’s actually 8 sides as the 4 sides are slightly bent inward on the center of its axis. It’s visible when the sun hits it just right. Absolutely astounding
@@Jonbcae who knows. For me it’s fun to talk about all the different possibilities. So cool.
I was always curious of the whole plateau they sit on. Seems kinds strange. Giant flat plateau, then big wall of sand, then giant city below the plateau. To go through all that trouble only to have the city below the plateau. Maybe the whole plateau is not natural and it's purpose is what lies beneath. A marker of WHERE, when the water is high or extreme destruction maybe from some sort of cataclysmic event they knew was coming. Just a theory.
Looking directly above the Great Pyramid, it is astounding how they managed to pull off the 8 sides. So neatly done, with so many blocks. Phenomenal engineering and design to achieve this. Just imagine if they got it wrong near the top? And thats just one aspect of many fabulous designs within the greatest human construction ever to this day.
You can get things pretty darn straight with strings, plums, and sight glasses
@@HoLeeFuk317 build a pyramid to 1/1000th scale with that method and post it's perfection... ... ...
And they did it all by rubbing two sticks together, according to mainstream archeologists.
@@rconn4501 it's off square by estimated 7-14 cm. And there's no way to know for sure how perfect the dimensions were due to erosion. All these videos like to say it's perfect, it's not. With some basic geometry and strings it's not hard to make a perfect square that large. Great pyramid I believe is 755 ft at the base so 1000th scale would be about 9in. It's not hard to make a perfect 9in square with some thread and the Pythagorean theorem. I did that in junior high tech class
@@HoLeeFuk317 dammit 😂
Note also that all of the center stones are taller than the perimeter stones. So when an additional outer layer was added it was butted up against the portruding portion of a center stone from the layer below it. In other words locking each layer from slipping sideways over an above the weight of the stones. While this was a useful way to stabilize the upper levels of the structure, and important to a people who knew of earthquakes and their magnified effect the higher up a structure one went, this also meant the next layer of stone had to be works around the outside, sliding over the out laryer below it then pull back into the taller stones at the center.
Simply amazing, it must have been men who built it
@@jamesmcnaughton5092 Nah, all women.
Excellent.....another strut to support Houdin! The first time I saw his theory come to light I felt it in my gut that he was right. I have worked with master builders in the past, and have always been astounded at how difficult tasks are solved usually in a very simple and ingenious way. These solutions come about from actually doing the task which is usually very hard work, and nothing stimulates ingenuity like hard monotonous gruelling work. Like in nature, energy is never wasted and the most simple energy efficient method will come of it, and Houdin nailed it IMO. Lay the outer casing stones one by one in tandem with the inner filler blocks, aligning each one to its neighbour within millimetres of accuracy with nothing more than a horizontal plumb line, this survives to today, just watch a skilled bricklayer lay hundreds of perfectly level bricks in neat rows along a single set nylon line, it's a sight to behold, Andy perfectly scaleable up to five ton 'bricks' for a pyramid. Great observation skills here kudos to you and your team 👏👏👏
I can get behind lots of ramp ideas, even an internal one, but I still want to know how a team pulling a stone on a sled, makes a 90 degree turn at each corner of the pyramid? As you say, the simplest idea, requiring the least amount of energy must have been deployed, but what? Another thing I don't get is the grand gallery, what purpose did it fulfill. Houdin thought was some crazy complex counterweight system, again he may be right or perhaps it was something simpler. The fairly recent finding of the empty voids creates more mystery.
However minor it may be someone "like" "Monk", slightly OCD, just might come along and bring this to your attention: for the more correct spelling it is from "WIKI" Harry Houdini (/huːˈdiːni/).
I wouldn't trust anything about the top layer placement, those blocks are probably the most disturbed out of all them, for sure people have pulled up those blocks and messed with them in recent times and in the past, i mean all the casing stones and the top are gone, you can't trust much about the very surface, it might have just been a rubble pile left on the top after the scavenging and then people just arranged them later to make the top nicer, not discounting your theory but you would need to remove a few layers to really know.
After a couple of Millennia + , words cannot describe the beauty in this magical shape that the Cheops pyramid represents.
How about the layer under or above? Perhaps each layer could have been rotated in alternate directions to give it more stability?
Yes, that is most likely the case. Considering the huge mass and fact that you can't see the lower layers there must have ben some cleaver way to breake symetry betwen layers to prevent the connections between the blocks from forming lines. That structure would not be able to hold on its own for so long without a cleaver way to distribute the load perfectly betwen blocks without any chance for building in it any weak points of this kind.
And in the same time that side that colapsed looks exactly like this type of weakness(a plane was created that was a weak point and led to this collapse )...
From low number of likes to your comment its also clear that not many people here saw any photos of modern walls build by people that do not understand how important that is.
Even modern mortar will not help when the layers are not properly arranged in relation to each other, not only horizontally but also vertically and in years cracks gonna form even on structures that are not tall at all and hardly any load is transfered by the bricks.
They learned this on previous pyramids that collapsed during construction. Block size is also important. Took one pharaoh three tries before they succeeded.
I think offsetting the middle blocks adds much greater stability. I imagine peeling back each layer the middle blocks continue to rotate in degrees to maintain a sort of cross-thatch system. We can uncover the building's engineering design but I still believe you fall short of actual construction method. Iam convinced Dynastic. Egypt in their loin cloths wielding hardened bronze tools did NOT construct these pyramids! And since we find them across the world now, we understand it isn't some local genius plan. To build a puzzle, one must first study ALL the pieces. Good luck. Still a great observation. Cheers
Allan Hastings. I am in total agreement. The Egyptians never built the Great Pyramids, they were already very ancient and standing when life, civilization, modern humans and the Ancient Egyptians returned- from a cataclysmic event that wiped the original civilization off the face of the planet.
Recent discoveries in the dig sites of where archaeologists have determined the oldest modern humans once lived, have now been up dated - because of new discoveries of man made artifacts deeper down at the same dig site. It used to be around 200,00 to 400,000 years, but now the age is up to 600,000 years old human made tools.
So, if true, over a period of possibly 600,000 years of modern man development; the Egyptians, at the time of their discovery of the pyramids, were STILL USING BOWS,& ARROWS. As a matter of fact at that time, the Egyptian Armys were using the best state of the art tools and weapons which basically consisted of wood tipped spears, bows and arrows, wooden mallets, hatchets and axes.. Theres NO WAY the Egyptians constructed the three great pyramids. However, I do believe they ATTEMPTED to replicate building their own version, and those we do know for whom they were constructed. History has told us those smaller, haphazardly constructed pyramids were the oldest and were basically the learning curve to the final construction of the great pyramids. I say that's exactly bass ackwards. The Egyptian built pyramids are the newest, the smallest, and the piles of rubble - and they couldn't replicate the great pyramids. So, if modern man is now dated to possibly 600,000 years ago, along with other beautifully crafted pieces of art, small dolls and other artifacts, found in very deep coal seams and rock seams that have been dated to 2.5 million years ago just blows my mind, man!
That means The Great Pyramids are pre GENESIS, before the Bible and Gods creation of the earth and ALL things.Good luck with your search for the truth, but we do know for a fact the Pyramids were found, claimed, and today belong to Egyptians. In all reality the great pyramids may very well be millions of years old and may have been covered with sand for millions of years. that would've preserved them.. I m thinking of the ancient Egyptian technology at the time of the Pharoah's and their attempts to copy. Then, looking back through whatever time you choose- 200, 400, or 600,000 years, and realize the Egyptians were STILL USING wood tipped spears and wooden mallets as the modern man was also using hundreds of thousands of years prior. Now it really gets freaky. So whatever, whenever or whoever, built them ,it would've taken a million years to evolve and become a highly advanced population with the wherewithal to build the great Pyramids, and it appears they are found all around the world in a specific alignment ley lines as an electrical grid. In otherwords our modern day Forensic Archeology is possibly off by 15 million years, and we know the carbon dating and other methods are only reliable to a specific point.👽🙊🙉🙈🇺🇸✌
@@richardcoram1562 I do agree that the modern historians are dead wrong about the entire Egypt story(They're total arrogant clowns IMO). The great pyramid is older than the 'experts' think, but not that old. It was built roughly 12500-13000 yrs ago. Some of the contructions nearby are older than that. The sphinx is the oldest, probably dating back somewhere between 500k to 5 million years ago.
10-20K years ago, the world was a much different place that it is now, and much different than most people can imagine. We are not the pinnacle of human development and knowledge, not even close.
Edgar Cayce has provided the best info on how they were built and what their real purpose was/is. Ed Leedskalnin used the same methods to build his Coral Castle in FL circa 1920.
I understand your replies. For the most part we are in agreement that such structures are far older than Pharaonic Egypt, and more likely constructed by an earlier civilization devistated by a cataclysmic event highly suspected to be the Younger Dryas event. No tombs have revealed special toolings or relative construction plans or admition to any such technical feats. Tut's dagger included! Pyramids are a global phenomenon all echoing strikingly similar design, mathematically foremost! Lost cities found down approximately 400 feet of water,
We can go on for weeks producing evidence to show strength in this hypothesis which holds more weight than Egyptologist who have lived under a mountain of lies and confusion since Howard Vyse's Legerdemain with a brush and paint! There is more to be seen, we just don't belong to Club Elite to see it. However, there are plenty of lumps under the carpet to see what direction the sweepings come from. Once again, to solve a puzzle one must first study ALL the pieces. There is more than just Pyramids and tombs. This is a global puzzle involving most disciplines of science and research. Have you asked why we lost our hair and have to make fire and wear clothes to keep warm. Now there's an evolutionary conundrum! But one which is a piece of this puzzle. Surprised? 🤔 Hmmm. Lift the carpet!
So despite all the evidence they did make these buildings with stones, sticks, string, copper, arsenic bronze and a lot of labour, you still aren't convinced? These people painted how they did it on the walls in their tombs and tell their stories in stone. You should not consider your own lack of knowledge and skill to build with stone as a measure to evaluate what other, probably smarter, people would be able to do.
If you re one of the people that have fallen for the unlikely logic and false claims of con men like von Daniken en Foerster, I suggest you watch some video's on the channel of Stefan Milo who sometimes takes the effort to debunk all those nonsense tales of wonder.
Scientist against Myth is another interesting channel if you want to know what the scientific findings are. They are so kind as to actually show exactly how things were done and would encourage people to try it for themselves as well if they are not convinced yet. Obviously it is always possible God took a dump and the pyramids just appeared, but it is highly unlikely.
Regarding your inner and outer alignment of the stones, I think it would be necessary to rule out the possibility that those travelling to the site over thousands of years have not removed then replaced the top layer to see what's beneath them or otherwise. We would need to see another layer to rule that out.
The outer layers of stone and metal were stripped off by invading savages.
@@LRRPFco52 Israelis?
Sorry if I wasn't clear, I mean, we'd need to see the layer of stones vertically beneath the top layer to be sure, rather than go off of what we can see visibly on the top layer.
Very well done. When I first became aware of the scans showing the ascending spiral I genuinely wondered how there was still any debate. I was definitely not aware of the evidence at the top, but I am grateful to you for pointing that out. Really great first video, your channel is going places!
They used a water pump in the middle.
You are welcome.
@@DocJohnnyBoy Settle down, dork. You don't need to share your edge with the world because your life sucks. Big hug, dude.
@@DocJohnnyBoy hella pressure to lift those blocks. It was hot air balloons that carried the blocks up.
I did see something similar but my interpretation was that they weren't necessarily arranged outer-and-inner but rather that they seemed placed with elongated-stones, at certain points relative to the corner-oriented & center-jointed "X-pattern" which dissects the level into, essentially, 4 right-triangles, which are lengthwise oriented in-to-out.
Ditto
i think I've noticed something interesting!
what i saw was the randomness in size and shape of stones in the middle section, where the perimeter section stones were precisely cut, it implies that the perimeter stones were placed first in each layer, then small slabs between the perimeter stones and the middle stones were placed accordingly to create a rotated inner section for inner stone placement. and then the inner stones were kinda filled the remaining area. this eliminates the need for the stone to be precisely cut, any size or shape would suffice as the job is to not care about the size and just fill the remaining area with stones. this satisfies the randomness of the size and shape of middle stones.
another observation was that the inner stone structure may alternate between clockwise and counterclockwise rotation layer by layer to secure the whole structure and enhance the durability.
Yes I noticed the same! The video highlights 3 layers of stone and includes all those layers to show a pattern when you can see that the separate layers alternate in the direction of stone length. It makes sense each layer should be offset and possibly spiraling downward through the layers but the top layers can be smaller and used more as fill because they aren't holding so much weight.
The tops probably made like that for strength..its like stackin leaves on top of each other.if ya line em all up its weak..
Kind of like building a coneyor belt with pins in it if ya line up all pieces of the belt the it will split somewhere but if ya overlap each seam then its tied togeth and cant split
You are right. In fact the pyramids are just a big pile of rubble capped with stones to hold it in shape. The biggest pyramid actually has eight sides above surface, slightly concave, to hold back this enormous pile in shape.
Im just wondering, if the pyramids were covered in smoothe blocks of limestone, how were they removed? I assume it was done from the top down so how did anyone get up there to dislodge them?
Wonderful video, thanks. I think it would be very helpful if you included some sort of drawing of the ramp you envisioned that would produce the results we see on the summit, as I don't know exactly what you were picturing! But great channel, keep up the great work. Curious what you make of the rope-roll hypothesis for the pyramid construction.
Wow! The rotated core is so obvious when you study it in plan. Brilliant work, thanks!
Every time I see this thumbnail I think it’s a frame from an old FPS. Love your content btw :)
It's amazing how off square the top looks, and yet the overall structure is perfectly oriented. That's not coincidental, there must be a building pattern.
When the picture looking up along the edges of the faces. Look very alternated, but yet the overall product is perfectly squared.
No, I did not see the pattern you pointed out. That's incredible.
You can draw a complete circle with small straight lines. It is known as a segmented curve and when viewed from the right distance it appears round.
@@johnrobertson7583 smae heir
prior to finding this channel i would have never thought i'd become addicted to pyramid lore. binged all your videos
Those pictures here in this video instilled for the first time the crazyness of this monument to me. I always knew it, but somehow now I can see all those ancient egyptians carrying those giant stones in the heat of the desert, piling them up to a horrifying mass. It is not the hight of the pyramid , it is this sheer, unreasonably mass of stones that had to be carried by human and animal power over great distance. Woow…
The most amazing feature of the Great Pyramid that I learned in recent years is that it is not really four sided, but eight. Each side is angled in slightly (right through the center of each side) and when the light hits it just right you could see it easily.
@@KB-pk8cn if the top is a side, wouldn't the bottom be also.. AHHHHHHHHHH 10 sides q: > ) ...........I've seen them, and it is like seeing a miracle, how could they do it in 20 years, how could they do it at all.
@@KB-pk8cn joke ...just a joke
@@samiam9008 lol what about the "INside" and the "OUTside" ?
@@kambuttress3519 NOOOOOOOO,.. when will it stop, is it the curse of the Pharisees !!!!
What are the theories about why it was built that way
Great video, I was able to notice a slight difference when trying to determine for myself. I didn't identify it as an outer perimeter and inner perimeter. Looking forward to seeing the channel grow
I just wanna say, mr. History
That I really enjoy your channel. I stumbled upon it and you’ve formed a fascination with ancient Egypt for me
I can’t get enough of these pyramids now
Thank you for these!
A hell of a first video. Enjoyed it very much and look forward to more. Too many people take history for granite ;-)
Looked like a German swastika
Funny
@@williamscott2461 I think you have that backwards.
@@defauluse5524 swastika German alike looked? ;)
The thing that I got from looking at the top of the pyramid was that it looked like a spiral pattern, that got progressively less precise as it got closer to the inside. The main thing that struck me was how haphazard the whole thing looked, which seemed odd for such a high-precision structure, and I was thinking that the last courses just weren't considered to be very important, and so could be skimped on. And the huge gaps between the stones seemed quite odd, given how well-known the precision-fit of some many of the visible stones are, not only on this structure, but throughout ancient Egypt. Here they seem to be assembling random stones that only vaguely fit together. But I'm also thinking about a point you made in another video, about thermal expansion. Perhaps there are expansion voids throughout.
Looking at how there are some stones that are fit together more precisely than others, I get the impression that at sometime in the past, someone removed some of the inner stones ( top layer or two) to see if there was a room at the top and then set them back in without caring to be precise. I doubt we will ever know exactly how they built them. We would need to disassemble them piece by piece at least until we uncovered enough of the inner structure to understand the overall structure inside and out. A peek behind the chamber walls and access tunnels would be revealing...
Personally, I think they literally built it practically a step at a time. Set the innermost structural support stones and then worked out to the outermost edge to where the white limestone skin would be placed later. That would give the workers a sizeable flat platform to work on to set the next set of structural support stones while other crews worked setting the fill stones to the outer edge. A ramp which probably resembled something like the support terraces the Incas used to build Machu Picchu on probably encased the outer structure. The chambers and tunnel casing stones were probably pre cut and placed when they reached the level they were to be placed. The ramp itself would've been a feat all on its own.
The white finishing stones probably went on from top working down as the ramp came down. They likely rested on the "steps" and we're shimmed with flat rocks to keep level with the correct angle until surrounding stones locked them into place.
It is possible they took the ramp down and rebuilt it as they cased the pyramid, but doubtful. If they could build it as precise as they did, I'm sure they would've been able to case it from top, down. But I don't see the need or even benefit of an inner ramp. It would've been Too tight for any sizeable stone to be hauled up it, especially at the turns, and working it a layer at a time allows for multiple crews to work simultaneously, plus it gave them a platform to stage many stones for the assembly crews to grab and set without waiting for the ground crews.
People have gone up there for thousands of years and moved the inner stones hoping to find a way in. Then this act of vandalism was refitted incorrectly.Simple
David, there's nothing really that "precise" in the fit of any of the core blocks which are visible to us today. The exceptions are the few Tura casing blocks which reman intact in a small section of the base. A casual examination of all of the visible courses reveals every stone is very rough cut and does not make a close joint to its neighboring blocks. The joints are jagged, wide and irregular. No doubt all were filled with the crude mud mortar the Egyptians used and which is in evidence in certain places within the outer core, in places which can be reached for observation. For sure, the courses are very well spaced and all appear to be generally level from end to end. I think Flanders Petri made an attempt to determine the general levelness of the courses and decided they were as good as can be expected using such rough cut blocks.
proclamations
unequivocally
@@willyboccecolla7926 Have you ever seen the inside of the pyramid?
@@tobythompson199x Toby, in photos and videos, not in person.
@3:50 I was always told about how perfect the blocks are all lined up and how you can't even slide a piece of paper between them. Then you look at the top and it's a complete mess with gaps everywhere.
Surely they meant the ones like 8:21? LOL
Yes I saw the rotated inner square right away before you mentioned it. I thought it is the result of lining up the edge stones with the sides first and then filling up the space inside. The rotation may indicate the technique as you suggest. Great video, thanks. Have you noticed the huge blocks (at least 10 times wider) at the base of the pyramid? How was that put in place?
Aliens? Ancient Astronaut theorists say yes!!!......
@@bryanergau6682 :) any other ideas?
@@darko4608 There are theories. I hate that none can be proven true. I really hate that. I wanna know the truth so bad, but I don't think anyone ever will and that shit drives me crazy. If anyone in this world does know the whole truth, which they don't, we'd never get to talk to them. They'd be hidden or killed. But let's argue on the comment thread.
er.. pushed/slid/manhandled into place using levers & muscle? not too many other options in ancient egypt.
@@daos3300 why the question mark? :)
i would say every stone in the top 2 courses has been moved retrospectively , theres grooved patterns in a lot of the outer stones to suggest there was a square pattern inlayed, i would say the top of the pyramid has been highly modified to create the relatively flat surface, picking up stones and moving to where ever they fit best
Its amazing to me how many times I keep coming back to this channel and re-watching your videos. Perhaps I am dense, but every time I watch them I gain a bit of understanding that I didn't get from the first pass. This is by far my favorite channel on youtube. Thank you so much for your hard work.
Nice theory, but as I really think about this idea. As heavy as these stones were and the amount of man power that took to move them. How do you get that amount of people and materials onto a narrow ramp pulling on ropes connected to these stones around a triangle? And what did they use on these ramps to dampen the friction created by these stones.
Study the gigantic Roman structures.
They left a lot of their constitution records and were able to raise blocks twice that size straight up vertically. The Romans moved bigger stones than any other civilization in history. These pyramid blocks aren't even granite. Easy to quarry and transport.
@@bryandraughn9830 the stones on the inside are granite and we’re from a quarry over a 100 miles away. Even with the timeline they are claiming the it was built in, it was not possible, they would have to place a stone every 2 minutes. And the structures you are claiming built? Romans built on top of structures that already existed when it came to megalithic sites.
Saw the difference almost immediately. My thought however was that they had aligned the outer stones, then dropped the middle ones in to fill however they happened to fit. It would be interesting to know if other layers match up the same way on the inside.
I thought the same thing.
To me is seems like the misalignment of the filling stones must have had the purpose of stabilizing the structure - I bet the next layer is turned opposite!
That doesn't work as the outer stones would require support or they would simply fall over before you could place stones inside the structure to support them.
@@Baronstone i dont think you get it, he prob means that every layer was first build on the outside to then be filled to becone a solid layer, basicly layer by layer, not the whole outer shell first and then just fill everything with block.
Outer layer first than fill the interior as needed. Fast and simple. Jean-Pierre Houdin clarify and explain. This small, but extremely important detail quite well.
Personally one of the details he presented while backing his theory. Remarkably well should be said.
Is a tiny inconspicuous video. Of present day Egyptians workers doing exactly the same. Using precisely the same basic technique. Curiously a method well known and used in most of North Africa, to this day and age!
When presented with that. What astonished me the most. Is that not only its an old and well known technique in the region. But also it was staring us on the face for millennia! And nobody noticed!!! Literally the main answer, has been there all the time! 😋
It is such a delight to listen to you. It is like traveling in a time machine to watch the actual construction.
Here’s a question- if the pyramid was covered with a granite Coverstone, which were removed, and obviously repurposed, has anybody ever found any of the rocks or stone covers in the city?
Was covered in limestone?
It wasn't covered with granite stones but rather limestone. A special white limestone brought from some distance away, not the on-site limestone.
I believe that I have read somewhere that there is evidence of buildings in Cairo containing these re-purposes stones, but don’t have a cite on hand.
I remember reading one of the piramids was originally covered with white rock [sinted red with an oil based paint, and that one of said rocks was repurposed for some coastline structure, I don't know the English word, basically a seafacing wall.
most of those casings went on to build the mosques in the immediate and surrounding areas. The Arab people picked the pyramids clean.
I take this presentation very seriously. It rings true, the facts are so glaringly obvious now you've pointed them out. Genius.
I propose that they built the inner chamber structures with the largest stones, then they wrapped that with a loosely fitted stepped pyramid structure. Once they got it to that point they placed filler blocks with an aligned outer layer to get close to the overall finished size and shorten the height of the steps then they capped it off with angled finishing stones. All could be done using scaffolding and rope cranes. There were flat unfinished areas near the corners with cranes allowing the blocks to be moved into position that were then filled in from top to bottom near the end of the build.
yours is the most realisitic scenario I have ever heard.
Thanks for this great drone image analysis HFG, as you said in the video, construction theories need to line up with physical evidence.
Could you possibly do a video on the core structure theory for the "big 3", with reference to why this would offer structural/construction advantages to the ancient Egyptians over the laying of continuous courses of masonry?
I'm also very interested in the vertical clefts on each side of the pyramid and what they could possible tell us about the possible construction methods used.
Keep up the great work!
Thanks Ian, that's a pretty good idea. I'd definitely need to include Meidum/Bent/Red in the analysis, as most of the evidence comes from them. In some ways the simplest argument is the most persuasive - which is 'if we know they built that way in Meidum, why would they completely change it up?'
@@HistoryforGRANITE Absolutely, but I've never seen a schematic for how to build ramps for a core structure, it's a lot of work to make 2 spiral ramps for one monument! Then there's the nice tidy finish of the core: why all this extra work on structures that will never be seen?
I have been really attached o the "rubble core" idea for some ime, it really made sense in regards to construction & quarrying .
What a lot of historians forget, is what we know today about history, can be different tomorrow. As one little clue can change so much. Always keep an open mind, no matter what you do.
I have always been fascinated by Egypt and what was built there. Your videos have shown me way more then I realized that was there.
I rarely hear it mentioned that each side of the pyramid is concave , making it in effect eight sided , it’s almost mind boggling to think how this was done or planned even
Wonderful. This wasn't discovered until a plane flew over years ago and was able to take a photo when the sun was at the right angle to show the shadows better. X
Could this be a clue that each side was constructed one at a time? - meaning not in a spiral pattern as we all assume? - I mean anything is plausible as we do not know, the concave method would mean one side at time would work as the pressure exerted from the blocks from doing so would support the loads…of course i am taking about the the covering of the structure below (what we can see now) before the limestone….
@@christinewilde110 What's really crazy is that the 8 sides of the pyramid are only visible at sunrise and sunset of the spring and autumn equinoxes! The airplane that saw it first in the modern era was flying at sunrise on the equinox! The whole structure is a giant calendar, besides whatever else it may have been used for. Truly, it's beyond our comprehension how it was built. But every clue brings us closer to understanding.
The fact that it faces almost perfectly true north, more so than any structure ever build even today, is pretty amazing. But it's the precision of the cuts that they made that will always be insane to me.
@@TheRealNappyG crazy…like you said, beyond our comprehension. And for what purpose would these pyramids be built this way? To only be seen for just two days of the year? I don’t know brother. There’s so much for us to learn from the people that came before us
The stepped inner Ziggurat core has been posited before and your insightful observations consolidate the probable engineering even more.
Would be interesting to take the leap now to Mexico and South America for comparison of the stepped pyramid structures there
and any geochemically similar compositions of building materials.
Great video. Thanks.
I saw a pattern in the middle. I noticed it was different than the outside but how did they or where does the internal ramp end to bring up those last few blocks?
Can't believe I have only just found this channel, love your content and really excited to binge everything from the start!
Where you mark the inner red stones, you missed out on quite a few which i think puts into question the rotation when included. I feel more like they lined the outer stones up nicely, then they just filled the hole in a best fit approach.
thats interesting. maybe the whole pyramid is like that. only the outer stones are lined up nice, the inner stuff is just filler stones
@@ScreamingEagleFTW Im pretty sure that that is what it is. Modern construction is not too much different. When i worked construction in China they would just jam any old junk unaligned into the walls, and then bog it out fill it and smooth to perfection. The other stones they laid to perfection were the inner chamber and tunnel lining. I think the roughness of pyramid internals should be visible in the Robber Tunnel as they burrows through where the pyramids are finished perfectly.
@@mokiloke whats the Robber tunnel?
@@ScreamingEagleFTW The big pyramids were plundered by middle age or possibly much earlier tomb raiders. The dug around all the protective structures, pretty much straight into the side of the pyramid, and met up wih the real entrance past all defense points.
@@ScreamingEagleFTW Heres a link to video description.th-cam.com/video/bnJweB_-ZrA/w-d-xo.html
7:43 If you look at the layers on the right, there seems to be one "floor level" that sticks out further than the others above and below it at repeating intervals up the side, and repeating patterns at those intervals with some stones sticking out further than the others on those wider levels. I propose that the stones were lifted not one single level at a time, but up several levels at a time to those wider levels. Using two long poles as legs and the stone supported between them much like a child's swing, with a rope at the apex of the poles that is pulled upward or toward the center of the pyramid to raise the stones from one wider level to the next. You could have mutiple stones being raised at the same time in this fashion all along the four faces of the pyramid. It would take significantly less effort to raise the stones this way, because the poles would support the greater weight. The large staggered stones on the wider levels would provide an excellent notch to hold the base of the poles in position. To take this to another level of complication, each "leg" could be located at different levels, so the stone would move slightly to the left and right at each level as it rises up to higher levels. This would keep the stones closer to the face of the pyramid.
Very good scoop. I am doubtful about soot blackening on the rogue top stone though. Looks more like basalt to me.
I agree that it does look off, and staining is simply a best guess lacking other evidence. It would be huge for Egyptology if it wasn’t limestone, so I infer that major publications/studies not mentioning it means that it’s not a true anomaly. But then again, plenty of other interesting features get ignored as well…
@@HistoryforGRANITE Please look into Zahi Hawass' suppression of any information on Ancient Egypt that does not fit with our incredibly outdated narrative. He considers himself the grand authority on all of Egypt, its history, and its artifacts.
I'd also like to know your thoughts and feelings on the ancient precision-made stoneware that features exact symmetry, crisp edges, and perfect circles the likes of which cannot be made by human hands alone.
The accepted timeline for the advancement of technology is, in my opinion, founded on highly outdated and unsubstantiated evidence. The mountain of evidence that points to ancient advanced technology is quickly overshadowing that of the stone-age societies we are told of in the story of orthodox history.
@@HistoryforGRANITE The colored rock is from some 1960's hippie bozo with a quart of blue permanent dye that likely carved Beatles lyrics in the stone too. Such fools that inhabit this earth.
@@nataliew409 I shared a bottle of wine in Laguna beach with Zahi and friends, and hardly a more cunning and charismatic human lives today. He has come and will go along with his pet peeves and beliefs and all this conundrum will be regurgitated ad infinitum. [Ad nauseum]
@@HistoryforGRANITE I shared a bottle of wine in Laguna beach with Zahi and friends, and hardly a more cunning and charismatic human lives today. He has come and will go along with his pet peeves and beliefs and all this conundrum will be regurgitated ad infinitum.
Great video 👍🏻 when I paused from the birds eye view I could really see how it has 8 sides and not 4. I had heard this before but couldn’t really see it until this video as the angles are quite small.
First thing that caught my eye from the overhead picture was the three blocks on the top of the screen that have a matching groove/bevel across them, perfectly matching like a puzzle, even though the edges of the blocks are not aligned. Without further evidence, it is difficult to say what causes this feature; be it weathering, cutting of a larger stone, masonry to fit other blocks, or something that eludes me. It seems like this would be a great place to draw inferences from to determine the method of construction or wear after construction.
Ingenius analysis. I did notice the rotation of the inner stones at the summit. I also noticed on some exterior shots of the great pyramid that there appears to be faintly horizontal contrast lines at approximately 3-4 levels of the pyramid. Yes you have the wider 15th or 16th course you've covered, that's likely one of them but there's others. They're faint and obscured by rubble but there are distinct horizontal bands that contrast at these locations. Evidence of different stages of building possibly?
it could be from water erosion. maybe there was an ocean or lake that covered the land at some point in time
@@1theheightofparadise The Pyramid are on a flat plain a few dozen meters above the Nile valley, so inundation could not cover them, not even reach them. Occasional rainfalls could have permeated between the stones, but this rains are extremely rare, and would have resulted in irregular descending lines, not regular horizontal ones.
Very good observations. I would like to thank you for the emergence of yet another systematic researcher on the field of the pyramid's construction.
I'd like to point out that this Dark Rock has to be analyzed carefully. In my opinion it is totally different from the others. I could tell that because I'm used to recognize different types of rocks being a geologist myself. From that amount of information I'll guess it's a basalt or another kind of melanocratic rock. Another interesting point to note is that there are small rectangular excavations on the perimeter in the rocks that are on the outermost edges. An analysis must be made of the usefulness of these structures. That could be related to the ramp itself.
When fitting additional layers of rocks from above, they always dug down into the rock already seated to make them fit. So that's usually what you're seeing with the excavations. But you're correct that with enough of them visible you can start to infer more about the construction pattern.
The colored rock is from some 1960's hippie bozo with a quart of blue permanent dye that likely carved Beatles lyrics in the stone too. Such fools that inhabit this earth.
One thing I thought I noticed was that the stones towards the center of each face on the outer un-rotated ring, seemed longer than they were wide, but with the long sides perpendicular to the face of the pyramid. At first I thought that it was caused by the builders compensating for the gap caused by the inner stones being rotated, but after looking back at it, this pattern continues in to the center most stones of the spun section as well. Could this be done to increase the number of stones that the upper most courses of the pyramid have on yhe outside? Would that increase the stability of those courses as the pyramid narrowed?
I took your challenge, and what I saw was: approximately the middle two rows (traveling left to right) seem to be the most regular and planned stone lays. I feel they laid these stones first and although slightly crooked as they propagate from left to right (and relative to the macro-shape), they then had to make the others fit either by placing the upper row and bottom row next, followed by filling in the gaps. But if they placed these three rows prior to laying the filling stones, that implies at some point they would have to lower the final few stones into their resting places (rather than simply dragging them laterally into position) within the boundary of stones that were already laid. Therefore, the smallest stones most likely were the last stones to be placed because they would be easiest to lower vertically into position. I don't know that I agree with the spiraling ramp theory, although I agree the pyramid shape plays into, by facilitating, the method used to construct the pyramid. I have other thoughts on this.
Im interested in knowing more about your thoughts. Lol
I noticed the 2 alignments but made the wrong assumption why it would be built that way, my conclusion was that multiple overlaid directions of tilt (if falling apart) would add stability by restricting movement more than aligning all the stones. This was a pretty swift and not thought out conclusion so I'm sure there's tons of holes to poke in it.
Was there a platinum/golden/alabaster black, shaning apex on the hill?
I've always wondered if the shafts from the queen's chamber stopped at the exterior of the pyramid while the ramp was in place, and they got closed up when they encased the pyramid and the ramp just became part of the overall structure.
The shafts coming out of the queens chamber don't reach the outside like that of the King's Chamber shafts because the pyramid was expanded at some point. I believe that the shafts were made to slide airtight stones down them to artificially increase the pressure inside the 2 chambers maybe to be able to replicate the pressures found deep under ground where magma forms into Granite. So they could have been melting Granite inside these Chambers but found out that the pyramid was to small and had to expand it. Just another theory to add to the stack. I hope you can attend The Cosmic Summit in June at the Crown Plaza Hotel & Resort in Asheville North Carolina. I'll be there. It's $500 for a ticket and it lasts all weekend, food will be provided. If not you can pay only $50 to be able to live stream the event. Anyway you choose it will be the place to be if you want to learn the cutting edge theorys on ancient civilization and how the ice age impacted our human story. There is a website. Hope to see you there.
Interesting. Thanks for good stuff. Spiral ramp makes sense. However very heavy blocks had to be moved a long ways to get any kind of elevation.
I just don’t think a spiral ramp makes any sense. As heavy as these stones were and the amount of people that it took to move them. My question is, how do you get that amount of people on a narrow ramp pulling on ropes around a triangle?
The twist at the top is clearly visible and without doubt a designed artifact. Fascinating.... Your center, spiraling ramp idea needs to be pursued with a lot of thought.
it would be easier to attach a spiralling ramp to a stepped pyramid, I suppose, it would be less likely to slide down. They would have had to add the outermost blocks and the facing stones as the ramp was removed, in that case, which sounds decidedly tricky as a proposition.
Why to make and remove a detached spiral ramp, when you can just make it part of the construction, as Jean-Pierre Houdin suggested, and this video supports?
As a professional CP, (couch potato) and a long time VW, (video watcher) I find this video truly amazing. I have practiced my art for 35 years, and this video has truly inspired me.
Is #BudLight the official adult beverage for CPs in 2023?
Occasionally, I have been watching Pyramid over and over and again. I'm moved so much. (soon be 91yrs.Japanese)
3:52 My first thought was that the outer stones were placed first and the inner stones where chosen and maybe chiseled to fit in the inner perimeter. There are also much smaller tones placed in the inner. That have been my first thoughts.
What I wonder about is how much those have been moved. Seems to me at some point someone would have went up there and tried moving these blocks. Probably only a few layers at most but a treasure hunter must have thought to try to move some. If it were me I would have started with the smallest block first and maybe end up to a point where there's a block too large to lift up and just slide it like one of those weird puzzle games that only has one empty space. It's very hard to put irregular shaped blocks back together again unless you specifically planned to do so. I have trouble believing that layer looks exactly like it did when it was built. So only so much weight can be put on assumptions made of it. Also a lot of those blocks have a recess built into them for something to sit on top it seems as though they are scattered about. Looks like a puzzle that wasn't put back together properly or those blocks were all reused.
I agree that these blocks were moved at some point and then put back very miss matched. The whole top several layers of block are missing .So why is it hard to believe that these weren't also messed with. That's my theory.
I would say, on the contrary, that it's not likely that those inner blocks have been very altered. Even the blocks on the top of the pyramid are huge, really heavy and very hard to manipulate.
If you can lift or even push around any of those blocks, you need to be competing for worlds strongest man.
@@duran3d👍 exactly. These peoples fantasies make me laugh! Like, you know man, like it's a Rubik cube!!😂
@@tobythompson199x👍 exactly...I'm imagining...to hear some of these conversations - "like, man, it's simple.Just like a Rubik's cube man"😂
Nie wiem czy czytasz komentarze, ale jeśli znali koło i mieli ogromne młyny z przed tysięcy lat co widać do dzisiaj to nic nie szkodzi na przeszkodzie by takie jedno koło postawić na szczycie, i łatwiej zrobić platformę i przeciągnąć linę , jak i łatwiej jest na zasadzie przeciw wagi wejść ludziom i być ciężarem dla kamienia po przeciwległej stronie piramidy . Rampa mogła być dla ludzi , nie dla materiału . 8:23 tam jest płasko jak stół , i z drugiej strony też tak musiało być na kamieniu (licowym) czyli obłożonym równo bez występów. Do tego też pomocne były wgłębienia na środku konstrukcji by transport przebiegał bez stabilizacji platformy i nie uciekał na boki. Dlatego są wgłębienia w środku każdego bloku , i w środku też jest idealna droga dla platformy a po zewnątrz już są występy . Mogę snuć domysły i różna kombinację ale jeśli nikt tego nie rozważy przez zmianę myślenia to szkoda czasu .
Hello from reddit i would never find this video on TH-cam recommendation list
Great video
I'm wondering if you could tell me why there is an antenna on top of the pyramid? What is it's purpose?
It was put there a century ago to mark the original Pyramid apex, to assist with aligning the apex with stars, etc. A few years ago a disturbed individual climbed to the top and damaged it, and so the authorities removed the whole thing.
@@HistoryforGRANITE Thank you so much for your response.
Great videos. Well stated, to the point, presenting perspectives not usually considered. Love it.
I like the stability concept. Also, if all the layers were more aligned, there would be deeper gaps going down further. Perhaps it was done to keep water from reaching the internal structure, and also, maybe even to help make it airtight.
It makes perfect sense to skew the brickwork/stonework for that very reason!
I never knew I was interested in the Pyramids until watching your channel. Really good stuff.
I spent 3 months in Egypt when I was in the US Army back in ‘97 or ‘98 on Operation Bright Star which is a multinational exercise conducted in Egypt every 2 years. Our field hospital provided all of the medical coverage for the entire exercise, which itself is only 2 weeks long. We had to be there before and after as all the logistics and support units arrived. I went with my units advance party, which consisted of 8 people even though I was a 23 year old Specialist. I had been deployed in Bosnia previously and had a ton of real world experience using DEPMEDS (deployable medical systems) and was viewed as a grizzled veteran by our senior leaders.
We flew into Cairo West, which was an Egyptian Air Force Base. We spent one night there, and were driven up to Alexandria, Egypt to wait to receive our unit’s equipment by boat at the port there. We were given berths at Aggami; which was an Egyptian military resort on the Mediterranean Sea while waiting for our gear to arrive. It took them a week longer than expected to arrive, so we got to hang out on the beach; which was incredible, while waiting for our gear to arrive.
We then unloaded all our gear with the help of a transportation company, drove it to Mubarick Military City which is about 60 miles west of Alexandria, and set up our field hospital.
There really wasn’t much to do there. We did a few minor procedures in the OR. Mainly hand and finger fractures and the odd appendectomy. There was a mass casualty event involving 8 British soldiers in a motor vehicle accident, but unfortunately they were all DOA.
We got to go to Alexandria a number of times, as it was close by. We even visited an Egyptian civilian hospital and got to observe an open heart procedure.
On the day before we flew home, our unit had hired a bunch of busses to take us to the pyramids. They showed up about 6 hours late (which is pretty typical of Egypt) and brought far fewer busses than were needed to transport the entire unit to Giza.
Our unit took the high road and allowed the lowest ranking personnel to board the busses first. There were 6 of them, and the highest ranking person that got to go was an E5 Sergeant.
We got to the pyramids about an hour before sunset. They took us around to an area just beyond the pyramids to the southwest that was supposed to be the best to photograph the pyramids from. We got out and took photos for about 10 minutes, then they took us back to the other side of the acropolis to where the Sphinx is. Driving past the pyramids again, I could see that there were scores of people climbing all over the pyramids. It may have been illegal, but in reality I don’t recall seeing a single police man there trying to stop anyone…
That being said, I would have loved to have climbed up them. I consider it to be one of the greatest let downs of my life; but then again, I got to go see the pyramids for free after spending 3 months in the most foreign culture I’d ever been exposed to.
Down by the Sphinx, there were a number of reception halls where wedding receptions were going on. Each one had quite literally thousands of people in attendance. It was one of the coolest things I’ve seen in my life. They had giant feasts going on and hookahs burning on every table. Live bands playing traditional Egyptian instruments with belly dancers, all in view of the pyramids and the Sphinx in full moon light under the night sky.
Great stuff 😊
Do you need to gloat more? Like what does this have to do with this video other than the fact you were in Egypt in a time?
Mr. Hawassasi, secretly watchs your videos, Im sure,😊
I've restarted here reviewing all ur videos, . Keep up the Good Work young Man, I believe you have found your calling to Help others rethink established Thinking. .
I feel building in stages is clearly evident
It makes a lot of sense. Many years ago someone proposed a way of building ramps as they went up, but that would have been very labor intensive. The method proposed here has one VERY BIG ADVANTAGE. The builders can correct themselves as they build successive layers. It could also be a way of earthquake proof the structure.
Very well done. Thank you for the video :-) I am looking forward to more of your content...
And thank you for your kind words! Much more to come.
It's actually the most logical path to assemble something so complex. By using a wrap around ramp, disassembled as they finished it.
there are spiral voids all through the pyramids.
Stones weigh up to 80 tonnes. The necessary incline for a wrap-around ramp would be too low.
@@stephengallagher2209 yup you can’t make a ramp that you can drag 80tonnes of granite with only manpower on without it being stupidly long
@@angelgoo7772 straight ramp, would have more mass than the pyramid. Curved ramp, inclination too shallow.
The ramp is on the inside not the outside 🤔 & was only used for the first 1/3 of the pyramid, pulleys & counter weights did the rest.
A very interesting theory that certainly makes some sense. I love how our understanding is always evolving and how technology is helping us understand new things.
That makes good sense to me, I have been studying the great pyramids for many years. I did notice the kind of spiral effect you were talking about on the top of the truncated pyramid, your analysis makes sense for a spiral ramp! then covered in casing stones.
Good points mentioned! I always felt that the Pyramids were built from the lower ground on up, from the inside out, ground floor to top, then top to bottom placing casing stones using each course as the ramps themselves. 2 to go up and 2 to go down. Sounds weird, but what is NOT weird regarding these structures. Even the minds of Einstein, Newton and Sagan, to name a few, could not figure it out. Think about it: Einstein discovered The Theory of Relativity, but could figure out how the Pyramids were built. Crazy! Great channel by the way.😉
@@Otis-Tank took the words from my mouth basically
@@Otis-Tank Gravity is BS? Try standing under a falling brick ... or better, offer an explanation (one that isn't BS) for the fall of said brick. I read somewhere that "Gravity proves that the whole world sucks" (and I still love it!).
There is another Theory about using a wooden box, like an elevator shaft to float the blocks up. Wrapping them in papyrus would cushion them as well. Just like a canal lock, a chamber at the lowest end would recieve the block, then water pumped in & the separating door opened to start the block on its way upwards.
There is also the possibility that the external spirals were filled with water that could be raised, then pumped to raise to the next higher level.
Simple enough to put the extra water down one level for the next block coming up.
@@user-mp3eq6ir5b floating 80 ton slabs to the kings chamber?
what about the smooth part at 8:24?
looks like they used it to drag things up.
they either smoothed it to drag or the dragging made it smooth by grinding it down.
0:02 Why does that look like a giant hole
Exactly my thoughts too Zaluuk.
Enough about your mother 😂😂😂😂😂😂
like Earth
In a beginning architectural class we were asked to make a pyramid out of sugar cubes. I procrastinated as usual. When I realized I wasn't going to finish, I looked at how the pyramids were made.
I quickly cut out small people, and ramps out of cardboard. Using string for rope, I laid out a couple ramps. I had the people pulling the sugar cubes (stones) up the ramps. The teacher said it showed originality.
Incredible aerial shots... they really move me... I can't believe I have climbed up there several times. I'll never forget the sound of the mosques call to prayer blaring dissonantly from multiple out of sync speakers across the entire city from up there. It's chilling.
What is at most mind-boggling for me: these stones are all different. Normally in construction, you have blocks of equal size and shape and you can simply put them there as they come. Now I imagine the guy on the top and he got all these blocks hauled up and yet they fit tightly together (some gaps are obviously caused by a shift of a group of blocks). That reminds me of paving where you simply try what fits together. And you need a heap to choose from. But doing that with these heavy things manually without much space there ... ? The alternative is even more absurd: pre-laying and fitting the blocks on the ground and then hauling them up and reposition everything exactly as planned.
If stones were pre laid on the ground and then moved up you would expect markings on the stone. No markings apear present. But surwly they did not just transport the stones up then hope they just fit.
@@thee-sportspantheon330 i doubt they would make small markings that could be made with a tiny amount of coal or chalk that would withstand thousands of years
@@l.h.9747 That is a valid point. I was thinking they would use notchings but they probably did use charcoal. I worry it might rub off during climb up but they know what they're doing so yeah...
@@thee-sportspantheon330 A bit of ochre or chalk would have washed off ages ago
Jean Pierre Houdin extremely logical theory. Point to a very obvious tell tale. Exterior face lay down, worked and treated to the desired finish. Than the interior simply filled with more random stones and other filling material. Compatible with what we see here.
Saving a huge amount, of both, time and complexity.
We can be 100% sure that time and K.I.S.S. have been fully applied. Economy of both wouldn't be strange to either Humans. Us or them, separated only by time, not brain. ;-)
Ok, here is my take. I disagree with the idea that a ramp was ever used, or at least for the majority of the building process for two reasons. The first reason is that builders like to use their energy efficiently. The first 25% of the pyramid’s height contains 57.8% of its mass; the next 25% is 29.7%, the third 25% is 10.93and the final 25% is only 2.65%. A straight approach ramp would grow disproportionately in size as the pyramid got taller to a point that 99% of the work effort would be spent building the ramp rather than the pyramid. A spiral ramp might have been used, but I think not because of the second reason, that being ‘line-of-sight’; and this accounts for the vertical concave ‘crease’ seen in the middle of each face of the pyramid. Each time a course of blocks was started I believe it was laid relative to datum blocks positioned at the mid point on the outer face on each side. Using a plumb line and angle frame a line of site was taken, looking down the face, from a mid reference point on the bottom course. By this means the initial block of each side of each course could be centred vertically in relation to the base and set back at an appropriate angle from the course below. No block in any course was allowed to interrupt this line-of-site to the base and so the ‘crease ‘ was formed as the pyramid grew in height. The slight angle of each course plan of blocks relative to the course below was to allow the blocks to tie together and to allow a ‘staircase’ to form at the corners to enable easier block lifting. I believe the blocks were lifted at the corners since the slope of 42 degrees it much safer and shallower than going up a 51.83 degree face.
good lord that thumbnail. I though I was staring down a square tunnel not down on a pyramid. My brain melted for a second
I want to know how they created the foundation. You can't just build such a massive structure on sand, or any normal ground. They had to flatten a massive section of bedrock to make it so the pyramid wouldn't just sink into the ground
th-cam.com/video/j4cdDT1ZvAA/w-d-xo.html
under the pyramid is solid rock, no foundation needed
@Worldsoldout under the pyramids are a solid bedrock foundation, which is definitely needed.
Soil and sand were removed exposing the site bedrock which was orientated and leveled as the foundation of the pyramid.
@@frontenac5083you're not French are you? Couldn't be, because French people are usually humble and not at all obnoxious
I can't be the only one who sees a spiral pattern in the top stones
I thought I saw that too
This was my first visit to your fascinating channel, and it's your first!! Lol just thought it was funny. But you know what they say, "thinking only got thought so far "
Thank you! I'm going to watch more now lol