EVERY Organic Mechanism You NEED To Know｜AQA A Level Chemistry Revision
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 ก.ค. 2024
- This video is intended to be an ultimate guide and revision on EVERY organic chemistry curly arrow mechanism you need to know for your A Level chemistry exams under the AQA specification, helping you revise and prepare for your paper 2 and 3 exams.
🔍 In this video, we cover:
00:00 - Intro and breakdown of video
00:25 - Nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes)
10:22 - Elimination of halogenoalkanes
13:25 - Electrophilic addition of alkenes
21:59 - Acid catalysed hydration of ethene
24:15 - Acid catalysed elimination of alcohols
26:29 - Nucleophilic addition of ketones and aldehydes
30:58 - Nucleophilic addition-elimination of acyl chlorides
36:57 - Electrophilic substitution of benzene (nitration and Friedel-Crafts acylation)
PLEASE NOTE: I did NOT include the free radical substitution mechanism of alkanes because it does not involve curly arrows - so ensure you learn the initiation, propagation, and termination step equations for this as it's in the spec!
✅ If you want to improve your grades and see more content like this - smash the like button and subscribe to the channel! 📈
📖 Huge shoutout to the resources used to make this video:
chemrevise.org
www.chemguide.co.uk/index.htm...
📚 Although this tutorial focuses on AQA, the concepts covered here are also applicable to other exam boards, such as OCR and Edexcel
Yo if you want my personal help with Chem, apply for tuition starting September 2024: forms.gle/7xMUS6pSaU5BkgfSA
There is a special place in heaven for you
hahaha thanks man
Made me laugh because it’s true😂😂😂
Indeed. The highest level.
عند مسيلة وابولهب
@@mohammednaqi5166 😂
This video took me a ton of time to record, edit and render so all likes are greatly appreciated
I’m Edexcel, can I still use this video
@@User125.42 I'm not 100% familiar with the exact edexcel specification but the fundamental chemistry won't change :) But I would say make sure you check this against your specification and past papers. For example, you may be required to show the dipoles in the mechanism, where AQA doesn't require it. Also, OCR doesn't require you to know the nucleophilic addition elimination mechanism, so there may be something similar for Edexcel. When in doubt, check the spec :)
Pulling through in the last few hours before the exam. Goat
I didn't include free radical substitution of alkanes here because it doesn't have any curly arrows for me to draw out for you, but make sure you learn the initiation, propagation and termination step equations for that as it's in the AQA spec!
is it the same for ocr A ??
i really like how u tell little stories for each step of the reactions, its so cute and makes it easier to remember and also fun!
Life saver!! You, eliot rintoul, machemguy and allery chemistry are what’s getting me through this
honestly
this brother is so good, wish I discovered this gem last year not a month before my exams 😓
it's all good, you're gonna do great :)
The next Eliot Rintoul over here! Thanks this is a really solid video, I love the format
hahaha that made me smile man, he is the true GOAT, used him back when I did my A-levels :) Thanks for the kind comment
@@easymodeexams33 Anytime, you deserve much more recognition than you get
Litterly sat here 2 hours before my exam hoping this helps me a bit 😭
This is a great video to refresh your memory and have a quick look back at soo many biiig organic concepts quickly...
Hope you make more videos like this frequently 👍👍
I was JUST LOOKING for someone to do this 😊
Thank you for all your help i'll be binge watching these videos before my exam, wish I had discovered you earlier 😀
Thank you!!!!! you are literally the only thing getting me through a levels I love the way u explain things with little stories
just under 7 hours to go damn
6 hours now im cooked 🔥🔥🔥
@@Alandd71 never cooked bro we clutch up
I’ve been watching your videos and I’m finding them really helpful! Thank you so much!!
no worries, happy to help :)
You are a saviour, thank you so much, great videos!
I can't thank you enough! Your explanation make sense of all the curly arrows, where they point to and where they go! Really appreciated!
no worries :) good luck
This is so good ❤
where would I be without you man, thank you so much
Thank you for this is was a super helpful crash course in mechanisms!
no worries :)
you deserve way more subs, thank you so much for this!
no worries :) good luck
You're saving me!!
Currently watching thru my tears but hopefully this helps me clutch the exam tmrw
I hope it went well for you in the end :)
I was praying there would be a video on this! Thank you sooo so much 😭😭 God bless your soul you just got a new subscriber 🙏🏾
no worries, thnx ravina :)
You are the BEST, saved my paper 1!! :D
😁
literally god bless u 😭 im so thankful you exist so this video was made 🙏🙏
hahaha thanks :)
this is really helpful thank you - could you make a test yourself video with all of the mechanisms and conditions needed? so you show the q and reagent and give time to pause, and the show the answer?
This is a great idea, I think it would help out a lot of students! It would take me a really long time to prepare the questions and make the video but I'll work on it once I have some time :)
bro tysm youre doing god's work (and my chem teacher's work but ok) i cannot thank you enough 🙏
😂😂
Thank you so much, we need your help during this troubled time. I wish i discovered your channel earlier. I am grateful
Thanks for the support and kind comment :) Best of luck!
@@easymodeexams33 no worries
Cheers
Thank you so much for this video! I have a mock exam in 2 hours and this video really helped summarise all the mechanisms :)
thanks :) good luck!
BROOOOOOO, im so glad i saw this video and that im taking my a levels this year, since this video is recent, 10 months old. its so good, so simple and consice. a suggestion here is that i think alot of students will find helpful is if you can go through a a level paper, like paper 1 and paper 2. and show your thought process and how to answer questions. love the work man keep it up.
nah thats a bad idea lil bro
Glad you found it helpful :) I've done quite a lot of organic mechanism past paper question videos, but tbh AQA copyrights the hell out of their exam papers so I can't do a full paper without getting copyright striked to death lol
Thank you so much, you're a lifesaver!! I think I'm in love with you
your a life saver
Appreciate your work sir !
happy to help 🙂
DUDE THANK YOUUUUUU this is great
haha no problem, glad you found it helpful 😁
Such a king thank you soooooooooooooooo much. Hope u have an AMAZING day today and tomorrow and forever
hahaha no worries
Thank you so much!!!!
no worries! 😊
U got a like and sub. Much better than memorising the big mind map of organic Synthesis imo. Just in time for paper 2 on Monday too. Cheers . هداك الله
thnx, no worries :) u still do need to remember a lot of the reagents and conidtions too tho. good luck for paper 2!
defo, got that from the video too.
Thank youuu so much :)
I have my exams today, thank you!
Night before gang
Real 😭😭
3hrs before gang
@@jazzyethecrimefighterwe living on the edge fr 😓
@@jazzyethecrimefighter15 mins before gang 💪
Thanks for that God bless you
we need to make this guy famous
😂
Appreciate these videos
thnx bro!
Could you do a video on all chemical tests we need to know ? Reagents and reactions etc
That's a really good idea! I will do my best but may not have time before the exams
Thank you!
no worries :)
was looking for a video like this , thank you soooo much 🤍🤍🤍
no worries 😄
Hi, is a lone pair acceptor the same as electron pair acceptors as a definition for electrophiles!! Thanks you so much for the help can’t believe I haven’t found your channel sooner 😮😢
Can you do one for the reagents, catalysts and conditions we have to know. Great video!
thats a great idea :) will take a longg time to make but will add it to list fosho
thank you so very much
no worries Somaya :)
THANK YOU GOD BLESS
great!
6:31
do we have to show the lone pair on the Nitrogen of the NH2 after it has undergone nucleophillic sub (the one in blue)
thank you so much
no worries, not long until exams now, you've got this!
thank u for saving my life
hahaha
thank you very much good sir
my pleasure good sir 😂
Can you do one for aqueous ions and maybe a way to remember the colours, thank you so much for this
Sure, I'll add it to the list of my requested videos :) tbh I don't have a specific way to remember the colours, back when I did my A-levels I used Anki flashcards and mindmaps to repeatedly go over the colours and reactions.
Ur a godsend
I keep coming back to this video at night after a whole day of revision just so i make sure the mechanisms are buried into my head haha
You've got this 💪
Wish me luck please! Taking resits in september to try improve my predicted B, maybe even get A*! Its only been a few days but I already understand so much more. Will update when results come near October
good luck!!
LEGEND!!!!!
No you're the legend!
Hi man,
Very helpful video so thank you very much
Just wanted to say u missed the mechanism for formation of the nitronium (required for AQA) at the end.
But apart from that great video👍
shiiiiet you're right. Will add a pinned comment so people know. thnx bro
Your amazing
Also how is the electrophilic addition with the H2SO4 is different from acid catalysed hydration when they are both acid reagents going from alkene to alcohol(once the alkyl sulfate is hydrolysed)?
They are similar, but make sure you realise that the acid catalyst for the hydration mechanism is H3PO4, not H2SO4; and that the H2SO4 in the electrophilic addition is not a catalyst, it is not reformed, it becomes part of the product.
Also, the curly arrow mechanism for electrophilic addition only involves the formation of the alkyl hydrogen sulfate (final product) where you simply add the H+ and the OSO2OH- to the molecule. But in the acid-catalysed hydration mechanism, you are showing the addition of the H+ (from the acid) and the -OH, from the H2O. It is a bit frustrating since they are so similar, but A Levels are kind of like a game you need to know the rules to, and these two mechanisms are covered separately in the specification.
Thx
The irony of watching this 4 months after the exams and being in uni
Hahaha, how come?
just a quick question, not related to this but in free radical substitution does your molecule have to be in structural formula or can you leave it as the molecular formula? Eg: can you leave propane as C3H8 or does it have to be ch3ch2ch3?
I would keep it in its structural formula if I were you. Plus it kinda helps when showing where the free radical forms/was taken from the molecule.
42:22 I can confirm that i did smash the hell out of the like button because you just saved my whole a level ❤
We haven’t even done organic yet bro 💀
@@carefreecfc311 ik...i meant he's saved me now bc at least i know the mechanisms now💀
😂😂😂
THANK YOU SO MUCH THANK YOU
This was your video request idea so I probs wouldn't have made it if you hadn't asked hahaha :)
@@easymodeexams33 your channel needs to get so much more recognition i didn’t expect this since it was such a big ask thank you :)
Do we need to know any mechanisms for acid anhydrides?
i am taking edexcel and if i know the syllabus right, there are some mechanisms mentioned in the video that isnt in the syllabus (not sure tbh i am just gonna learn them all) but this vid was extremely helpful to understand the pattern of similar mechanisms. seriously tysm bro i’ve been struggling so hard with these i thought they were all different and they were always insanely difficult to understand.
yeah this is for AQA, there are some differences. Happy to help, good luck :)
@@easymodeexams33 thankss
One of the best organic revision videos for AQA i have seen online. I can only imagine how much effort it must have took you to produce this video, so thank you very much !
no worries, appreciate your kind comment, hope it helps u out :)
legend
My man you are a chemistry god I worship thy
lmao
With the acid catalysed hydration of ethene can the acid catalyst also be H2SO4 or does it have to be H3PO4?
I’m pretty sure it has to be H3PO4
when you draw the electrophile sulfuric acid is it ok to draw it lie where you show all the atoms or draw it simple version like you did? eliot rinotuol said its better to draw it properly
You can draw it both ways
goodluck gang
good luck bro
goodluck
do you have a video with all the reagents?
Unfortunately not :(
thanks darling
no worries :)
m8 thanks for this, scarred from physics paper 3 today, but chem aint like that
damn, was paper 3 tough? good luck for chem!
@EasyModeExams yeah, general consensus is that people averaged 20% on section A. Well, the grade boundaries will be super low
that's insane!! yeah hopefully low grade boundaries
Is the last structure phenyl ethanone or phenyl propanone?
Phenyl ethanone (correct IUPAC name would be 1-phenylethan-1-one). The phenyl is a substituent group (aka side group) and not part of the carbon chain, there are only 2 carbons in the carbon chain so it is eth :) good question tho!
MY CHEM BRO IS GONNA HIT 10K SOON🎉
went from a U to one mark from an A in literally a week and a bit.
siiiiiiick, nice work!
@@easymodeexams33 was all you mate. Thank you so much
@@999wishfrvr no worries :) you put in the work!
electrophillic addition is probably the coolest mechanism out of them all b/c at first the electrophile acts as an aelectrophile then it decides to act as a nucleophile loooooooll
can someone state all the conditions for each mechanism
Can you use this for ocr a?
I believe most things should carry over, but there may be some information that you don't need to know for OCRA and maybe some things missing, for example I think you don't need to know the mechanisms for acyl chlorides for OCRA (don't quote me on that lol, I mainly focus on AQA atm)
10:16 Would we name the product as triethylammonium (ion)?
triethylamine is the name of the nucleohpile, but not the product. Don't forget the additional 'ethyl chain' in the product as it's quarternary ammonium salt. I HIGHLY doubt you will be asked to name a quarternary ammonium salt, but the product is Tetraethylammonium. I hope that makes sense
@@easymodeexams33 Oh okay that makes sense. Thank you for the quick response.
@ 22:58 why do we use H3PO4 why cant we use any acid?
You can use H2SO4 too you just need a strong acid
@@Elias.04 right thanks
does the direction of arrows matters?
yeah 100%
can you write the o-so2oh as o-so3h?
Yeah I think I've seen that in mark schemes too, just make sure you show the lone pair and negative charge
ur so cool 🤙
no you are! 😂
Is this helpful for JEE?
I'm not that familiar with the JEE syllabus I'm afraid, but the fundamental chemistry won't change :) But I would say make sure you check this against your syllabus and past papers. For example, you may be required to show the dipoles in the mechanism, where AQA doesn't require it. Also, there may be some other mechanisms you do need to know that are absent from A levels, and some A levels requires that JEE doesn't. I hope that helps a bit!
Life saverrrrr😭🤌
suiiii🎉🎉🎉
35:33 You said primary amide but I think it's primary amide right?
huh?
@@easymodeexams33 I meant you said primary amiNe
@@Ganothic ohhh right, sorry for the confusion, I was talking about the nucleophile being the primary amine. Hopefully it makes sense if you re-watch 35:20 - 35:40
@@easymodeexams33 Ah my bad. I was going over this video again and tried to took notes of the products formed. So the nucleophile is an amiNe but the product is an amiDe
@@Ganothic yup :) no worries man
25:39 bro 💀💀😭
😂
Hi
26:24 I presume you forgot aldehydes?
for the nucleophilic addition?
@@easymodeexams33 yes
@@Ganothic They're exactly the same mechanism, at 26:55 I say I'm using ketone as my example
@@easymodeexams33 thank you
💅💅
Lol what's that mean?