YEMEN | How Did It Finally Unite?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 9 ก.ค. 2024
- The May 1990 unification of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) to form the Republic of Yemen was an extremely unusual case of a merger between two sovereign states in international relations. However, unlike other mergers, such as Germany's unification that same year, which usually saw a country that had been divided reunited, North and South Yemen had very different histories. They had never be a single state. So, why did they choose to unify? And how did it happen?
Hello and welcome! My name is James Ker-Lindsay. Here I take an informed look at International Relations with a focus on territorial conflicts, secession, independence movements and new countries. If you like what you see, please do subscribe. If you want more, including exclusive content and benefits, consider becoming a channel member. Many thanks!
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While we may think that the unification of North and South Yemen was a natural development, in truth it was a long and often difficult process. Despite their long-standing wish for unity, they had little experience of living together. Indeed, over the previous 150 years they had had rather different histories. Moreover, political developments in both countries made the process of Yemeni unification difficult and drawn out - and even led to two wars. In the end, the decision to unify was largely due to geopolitical changes taking place at the time, namely the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, and specific domestic political factors in both countries. More to the point, and as subsequent events have shown, the unification has had tragic consequences.
CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:58 State Mergers in International Politics
2:08 Introduction to Yemen and the history of North Yemen
3:28 British Rule and the Emergence of South Yemen
5:09 The Process of Yemeni Unification
9:30 The Tragic Consequences of Unification
10:19 Why Yemen's Unification was Important
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The Unification of Yemen www.jstor.org/stable/4328466?...
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The Creation of States in International Law amzn.to/2Fc5ouO
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KEYWORDS
#Yemen #NorthYemen #SouthYemen
#InternationalPolitics #CurrentAffairs #InternationalRelations
#Secession #Statehood #Independence
#InternationalLaw #InternationalHistory
#MiddleEast #YemenUnification
North and South Yemen Map
Map_of_North_and_South_Yemen.png: Orange TuesdayFlag_of_North_Yemen.svg: B1mbo, with subsequent precision by Fry1989 and AlkariFlag_of_South_Yemen.svg: Dbenbenn, with subsequent precision by Fry1989 and AlkariGovernorates_of_Yemen_named.svg: Jarkederivative work: Mnmazur / CC BY-SA (@s/by-sa/3.0)
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I am Muhammad from Aden, South Yemen. The story is the establishment of Yemeni unity without any referendum by the Socialist Party that was ruling South Yemen and after entering into unity more than a hundred southern leaderships inside Sana'a were assassinated by the northern regime as a prior plan to invade the south. Various parts of the world and their inclusion in the northern army to invade the south in 1994 the north declared war against the south, and in fact the south was invaded with the help of the traitors of the south and al-Qaeda elements, and from that time the people of the south sought liberation and get rid of this hateful occupation and the southerners were able to achieve a great political achievement, which is the Southern Transitional Council Who conquered the power of the north, and we are still seeking to gain independence and live a decent life and expel the occupier from all the land of South Yemen
moh wgシ Thanks a lot for the comment. The point about the referendum is really interesting. It would have been interesting to know what popular support existed for the decision to merge the two countries. There’s also an interesting comparison with Czechoslovakia, which divided after a decision between the political leaderships of the two countries without putting it to a referendum.
@Iranian Pride Thanks. That wasn’t exactly my point. I was referring to the fact that major decisions on whether to unite a country, or whether to dissolve one, were both taken without putting it to the people for a decision.
Peace from south yemen
Hello brother, can you give me information please on South yemen, North yemen, the houthis. And who is in the right and wrong. Thankyou
@@warrioribnwail The truth is that the people of South Arabia, not South Yemen, the people of the South want independence. Al-Houthi is a criminal
South Yemen is here
I suppose it can be argued that the division of Yemen between North and South goes back centuries further than the British and Ottoman conquests of the region. The former was dominated by a Shiite imamate that had existed for over a thousand years while the latter was home to numerous sultanates, some of whom had populations that didn't actually speak Arabic as their first language, but rather one of the Modern South Arabian languages such as Mehri and Soqotri.
Thanks so much. You are absolutely right! As I was doing the background reading, it really became clear that the region has an absolutely fascinating history - as one would expect. As a general point, it is always hard to figure out where to start the history. I guess that, as someone who is primarily a political scientist and teaches International Relations, I tend to think of things very much in terms of states. Also, in my experience the more history you go into, the more one side or another will accuse you of leaving this out. Consciously or otherwise, I guess I naturally assume that anything before 1648 is probably best left to one side! :-)
Mehri and Soqotri might be related to the original Himyarite language ? not sure though.
However, they are South Yemen based
@@spidyman8853 come on spider man hemyarite capital was in ibb central Yemen and our henyeite tribe was all over Yemen and beyond
At this point unifying the world it's impossible
Since yeman united the kingdom of saudia Arabia r terrorism start in yeman the yeman people and country r stronger and brave long live yeman 🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪❤️
While many people are aware of the tragic conflict taking place in Yemen, few now remember its unification in 1990. At the time, it was seen as a positive development. The opening of a new post-Cold War era. So, is it right to see it as a tragic unification?
Thanks for watching. If you found this video useful, please do consider giving it a 'Like' and sharing it with others who might be interested. And do all consider subscribing. It helps the channel to grow! Much appreciated!
Well that’s very sad 😔 to hear James. I suspect that it’s also because of (partially) self interests involved in both sides and of their outside actors who support them for their own purposes.
I’ll admit that whenever I hear about Yemen 🇾🇪 all I can see is it’s tragic (gerra civil) civil war. BUT what really made it stood out for me is that it’s people are suffering from Famines and Malnourishment-I am saying this is because I saw some ADs by “Freedom Bakery 🥯-> Muslims Giving Back” about Yemen’s sorry condition-> many of it’s hospitals 🏥 are not properly functioning and are overwhelmed with so many patients and not everyone has the money 💰 to bring their family members to the hospital, also brownouts occur a lot in any building that is functioning so the electric ⚡️ tools and machines that are being utilized can’t be used-> next to that are civilian buildings and even Hospitals 🏥 are being bombed 💣 by fighter planes 🛩 ......... intentionally according to one of the many survivors of the war, then there’s a lack of proper access to clean water 🚿 and food 🥘 which contributes to the spread of cholera among the impoverished population - the sight of CHILDREN not being able to eat a good healthy meal 3x times a day due to the ongoing political crisis is just really revolting 🤢🤮, one of the ADs even tells me about SOMALI 🇸🇴 Refugees (whose country of origin is also poorly managed) seeking refuge in war torn Yemen 🇾🇪
I could go on and on but these are just some of the events that etched into my mind about the war torn country (due to the ADs that I’ve mentioned to you I’ve seen them in TH-cam) -and I feel Sad 😔 for its people but I also felt very angry 😡 for not being able to help even though I want to. All I CAN do to help is to bring awareness about the situation on the ground-the part that is not often talked about in the mainstream news outlets (unless you were able to find reliable sources of information ℹ️ on what is REALLY going on) -the plight of the Yemeni people
Thanks so much. Always appreciated. Great question! I just don't know. Obviously, the country is in the midst of a war at the moment, and so little attention is being given to independence for the South. And when the war ends, I suspect that the focus will be on rebuilding and reconciliation, rather than opening the way for independence. As a general point, once these sorts of unions take place it is very hard to reverse them, or for a territory to break away and gain independence without the permission of the parent state. We have seen this time and time again. However, I really do hope to return to this very subject in a future video.
Keep making these types of videos
As small countries are given very little coverage in the world media
Respect from 🇮🇳
@@JamesKerLindsay can you finish the rest of the segment on south/Yemen please
Back in 1990 it wasn't just a positive step forward, in fact, it was a dream that came to be true.
In fact, it was the South Yemenis that have always been pushing for the unification from day 1.
It was the South Yemeni dream. The students in School in the mornings before lessons commenced would always say the slogan related to unification. So, it was a dream.
On 22nd May 1990 that dream came true, unification took place and every Tom, Dick and Harry were jubilant on that day. It was like Eid celebration. People were celebrating in every corner, it was a new era indeed and people thought the future would look bright for them, a unified strong Yemen.
Sadly, they made a BIG mistake by not studying the process of unification before entering it. Rather, typical Yemenis, they hurried to unification without any due process in hand. They should have taken time to study the process, what are the impacts of entering the unification, etc, etc.....
3 years down the unification line cracks started to appear in the unification process, the ex president of Yemen Saleh refused to follow the unification agreement between the 2 states and opted to run the country his own way. Refusing to take advice from his deputy leader (southern man). By this time, the unification appears to have failed. Attempts to revive it in Jordan did not come to fruition, and the Deputy leader declared South Yemen had ceased from unification in 1994, thus igniting a war between north and south Yemen.
The rest is history.
The country from 1994 to 2011 was run by Saleh with force against the people of the South.
There is no such thing as forced unification. It is done by agreement between 2 parties. Granted, South Yemen was not by any means perfect, it had its issues of internal conflicts and what have you. But, here we are discussing unification and this Mr @James Ker-Lindsey was a failure from the Start. What a shame. Take care.
May God’s peace, mercy, and blessings be upon you. I am from Hadhramaut. I thank you very much for this wonderful hadith. We demand the restoration of the state of South Arabia. Thank you.
Thank you for this work
May our southern country return
I am from the city of Mukalla, south of Yemen
Yemenis together strong
I am also from Mukalla, Yemen. May our country stay united.
🙏❤ for safety and food and good health for your area and people.
@@eliasziad7864 You are DHL100%, you are never be from Al mukalla
@@mohd1839 What is DHL?
There is a saying in South Yemen.
"Before the unification it was one people in two countries, after the Unification its two people in one country."
Thank you so much. I hadn’t heard that one. Have you seen my latest video on Albania and Kosovo unification. It’s full of Albanians saying how much they look forward to it happening. I keep telling them to watch my video on Yemen unification. Maybe you could give them a first hand example!
@Justin Y.
No we won't
@@user-ff3px4zn7d yes u will Yemen will be invaded and we will take advantage of them as they did to Somalia that island in the continent of Africa it’s ours soon remember power is not eternal the weak will have their day sooner or later
@@mohamedwaititi6192
Man just get back your land from Ethiopia and Kenya then come take our island where there is no Somalis living in it
It was never yours you never lived in it and it will never be a Somali land
You are just jealous
@@mohamedwaititi6192 To my knowledge Soqotra hasn't been Somali for at least a thousand years... It may be closer to Somalia's shores but I find it weird assigning an Island to a continent it isn't connected to and thus claiming it for a state. The people of Soqotra see themselves as Yemeni or Soqotran, in no way Somali. Also it seems weird to me to see somalians of all people who experience the same woes as Yemen, rejoicing about them...
You deserve more subscribers. I don't know anyone else who talks about topics like this.
Thank you very much indeed! I really appreciate the kind words of support. Of course, if you do know anyone else who might be interested, please do let them know.
Yemen is an interesting case because North Yemen and South Yemen were not a single cointry that was split up like Germany, Korea, and Vietnam, rather it's different countries deciding that they should one day be the same.
Indeed. It was a rather unusual case, which hasn’t worked out well.
Thanks 👍😉
I'm From #SouthYemen
#AdenCity
100 years ago Thank you! :-)
@@JamesKerLindsay
North Yemen is a failed state, a random system. Mediation before the law. - Then, the south is a very good people. Yes, and educated. They are the originality of the Arabs
@@south_yemen is blowing up your self part of your education
🙏❤
THE SOUTH WILL RETURN ✊🏽✊🏿✊🏻✊🏾✊🏼
Thank you for this video, I appreciate your hard work
Thanks. I just posted a video about the civil war and the tragic situation in Yemen. I hope to do another one at some point about the possibility of the South reclaiming its independence.
@@JamesKerLindsay
God bless you and bless your lovely family
In your dreams Indians
@@mohammedwadodmohammedwadod5932
Did I say “I’m from India 🇮🇳” ?????
Or did I say “I’m from South Arabia” ????
🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵
⚫️🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔴
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@@mohammedwadodmohammedwadod5932
Plus that’s racist 🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️
Long live the south state, thanks a million for your clearfication Mr. James💙🇬🇧
Although you have not mentioned what the south people want nowadays, they want to gain back their country back, to the date before 21/5/1990.
Also you've said "civil war" in face it wasn't, it was a war between two diferent countries.
Frankly speaking south people's democratic republic of yemen now is occ. from republic of Yemen because of the invasion of 7/7/1994.
ياخي نحتاج جنوبين لغتهم انجليزية قوية عشان نسوي اعلام صغير من احل وطننا
The fact that the unification in Yemen failed in bad way and Southerners look at the status of this unification as occupation as northerners invaded southern Yemen to impose unity by force and expelling the southern government that signed the unity agreement and the tragic situation imposed against Southerners as they were excluded and marginalized..
Thanks so much for the comment. I appreciate it. I certainly plan to return to the issue of Southern independence in a future video.
@@JamesKerLindsay please do. You did an amazing video.
What are you talking about... Yemen president Hadi is from South Yemen wtf.. And he is president of United Yemen, Southerners are not oppressed bro...
@@eliasz527 you remember in 1986 that he betrayed south yemen? And then fled to north yemen? Go do your research
@@K9Thunder619: Be the better man, and provide a link to more accurate information.
This is the best channel i have seen in youtube. Looking forward to see more interesting subjects in the future. Keep doing what you are doing!
Thank you so much! That is incredibly kind of you to say. I really appreciate it. If you have any topics you would like to see me cover, please do let me know. I’m always keen to hear ideas.
It would be interesting to hear about your thoughts regarding EU and its future. What will happen after Brexit, possible new member states and will we see a more federalized union?
Anders Forsberg Thanks, Anders. A great topic and one that I’m personally very interested in exploring. I certainly hope to do something on this at some point. In the meantime, thanks again so much for the support.
Great video James as always
Thanks so much. It’s actually quite interesting to think about this in other cases, isn’t it? How would a union of Cyprus and Greece work out? What about Kosovo and Albania? Romania and Moldova? We always imagine that ethnic unions are a natural development, but this is a really interesting case study of how it can go work out badly, especially if there is a long history of living apart as separate states.
Thank you for interesting video 😍 🇾🇪
Thanks a lot for watching. I hope you'll watch more (and perhaps subscribe if you haven't already). Also, are there any other topics that you would like me to look at. Let me know. I am always keen to hear suggestions.
Amazing summary! Love your videos.
Thank you so much!
Thanks James for this summary. I would add my voice to have a new video on whether there is a chance for South Yemen getting its independence. I may add on this subject that it is important to put in consideration the factor of Nationalism and Egypt's role affecting the independence of many Arab countries. That pushed toward the "dream" of having an unified Arab country. It is a big factor that unfortunately done by the party controlling the new born country to aquifer a new identity for the greater goal. For example my grandfather when asked of the word Yemen he would never consider himself as a "Yemeni". The first thing that appears in those old folks mind is its a different place where Imam is ruling in Sanaa. The word Yemen was never used to explain a state or a kingdom until the creation of Motawakali kingdom of Yemen. That bring us to the second factor of religion sector (Shea vs Suni). The south is over 95% (underestimation) Suni. Even at the time of communist party a sense of equality even-though it was "injustice for all". of course the south had its fair share of civil wars, but never was a group of people had a complete demobilization of the army (in south Yemen case 60K in 1994) or give a land as a return of help in war ( Hayal Saeed Northern Millionaire was given part of the Aden port). As a result it was an occupation. Now most of people of the north were not given anything, but it was a cast system culture where different levels of injustice (not to be confused with the "injustice for all" i mentioned) is sadly said accepted, and that is major factor for the rejection of unification after 1994.
I know most northerners would disagree with me. I would like to have everybody's thoughts hopefully in a civil manner.
Thank you so much for the comment. I really appreciate it. It added some valuable extra information. I certainly hope to take another look at the Yemen situation and the South’s quest for renewed independence. It is clear that there is a case for regained statehood, but there’s little chance that this can happen while the war rages. The problem is that when it stops will anyone want to address this issue?
Great video as always, James! I’m wondering if you would ever make a video exploring the proposed East African Federation? Very curious as to your thoughts on it.
Thanks so much. I really appreciate it. Always nice to get some positive feedback! :-) What a great suggestion! I certainly hope to get round to doing it.
Thank you 👍👍
As somebody who obsessively stared at maps throughout school this has always been the most geographically questionable north/south divide to me.
Haha! Indeed! :-) It really doesn’t help most people work out which is which!
If you look at where most people live it makes sense, Aden and the lowlands are to the south of Sanaa and the highlands.
Peace from south Arabia ✌️
Greetings from London! I hope all is well over there.
There's no south yemen 🤭
@@marwanv2363 yeah there is no south Yemen, But there is a country called South Arabia.
Soon you will see.
@@tahaal-esayi8380 I'm not actually against the separation of the south but is this a good time? Yemen is facing its worst time at least wait until the houthis are defeated and yemen is stable then separate as you like 🤷♂️
@@tahaal-esayi8380 I'm from Abyan.
انا و اقاربي من ابين - كلنا نريد ان يبقى اليمن موحد.
If I am southern Yemeni I will choose Independence! It will be better that way for both of them.
everyone wants independence in the south even the children and the rocks!
All southern want that too
Dream on 🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪 one Yemen big and strong 💪
@@yemen5742 nah
على اساس اني مانيش جنوبي: 😂😂
You missed out that the late president of North Yemen ibrahim alhamdi was the one that negotiated the unification, he was murdered one day before going to Aden to sign the agreement
The tragic tale of Yemen. I bet for Yemenis living in the year 1990 it must have been difficult for them to think that such a destructive civil war could take place today.
Yes, I wonder what they make of the situation? Although, as I note, the first stirring of secession actually came just four years after unification, in 1994. Many years ago, I was going to a meeting at the Foreign Office and there was crowd of South Yemenis protesting for independence. It was so interesting to see that it was an active movement. This was long before the current civil war. Needless to say, I really hope to come back to this in a future video.
@@JamesKerLindsay
We still fighting for our independent
After the invasion in 1994 we were treated as secondary civilians in all majors
@@gyg1910 It wasn’t an invasion, It was to keep Yemen United...
@@eliasz527 no it was invasion the day before the invasion we had an agreement on making yemen federal country then u broke the agreement and start the invasion we announced our country back a month after the invasion
Not before.
@@eliasz527
There is no compulsion in religion and There is no compulsion in unification. You cannot force unification on people when it has failed miserably. Time to go back to square 1.
My father lived during the unification in 1990. He was an engineering university student in the South in 1994. The family had a job during the 90s in the north and had to move their. He moved to a university in the north to continue studies but because he was a southerner they did not allow him to study. Instead they he changed the major. By 2000 he emigrated and he is thankful that he did not stay there.
My family lived there during the 1960s and were successful businessmen, after Britain moved out and Socialists came, everything became the property of the state. The soviets did not allow anybody to emigrate. So, they escaped and moved to the GCC in the 1970s and received citizenships and live their.
Hundreds of thousands did the same.
The only solution is to return to pre-1990 where there was stability and development and not steal public money and care about the people and raise the living standard and focus about science and engineering.
Wait I’m confused, was South Yemen owned or part owned by the Soviet Union?
@@moecash8450 Don't believe it was. After Stalin's death the USSR become less and less interested in supporting global communist movements. They were more than likely a homebrewed party that took inspiration from various other revolutions.
@@moecash8450 No, but they were led by a marxist, soviet-aligned government which started as an anti-colonial resistance movement, like in many places.
@@moecash8450 South Yemen was a dictatorship that focused on development, science and technology. It was not a backward and politically unstable such as today in Yemen. It is similar to China today, the only thing was South Yemen was Sunni Muslim instead of Atheist China. And it was neither radical nor extremist. It was Islamic Socialism.
@@moecash8450
Na not really.
South Yemen was an independent state. They were aligned to the Warsaw pact during the cold war with socialism and Leninism being the core of their foundation.
Thank you, James, for the exciting video and your interest in the topic. I believe that Yemen's unification/reunification was a success and a goal that both nations aspired for so long. As a whole, South Arabia is a land that contained many fertile civilizations for thousands of years. People have many things in common, culture, religion, language, history, hopes, relationships, families, pains, and joy.
As the state still in a critical stage of its timeline, I would appreciate that you put extra care and time into your research and publishing. Not all vital resources may be available in English, and some are mixed by the propaganda of a few parties or external influencers. The events on the ground change rapidly and very intricate.
The current war of Yemen is not separatist or sectarian and never will be. We all need each other. Yemen's people have a lot of causes and social issues beyond the topics that usually captivate the west, such as terrorism or separation. The current conflict results from authorities' incompetence, corruption, and devastating interventions of neighboring monarchies on all sides of the country. People in every city of Yemen face many severe economic, humanitarian, development, and political challenges.
I hope the country reach peace as soon as possible with more responsible leaders. All unresolved topics of people in the west, south, east, and north can be addressed in a more supportive and peaceful atmosphere.
Thank you so much for such a thoughtful response. It is obviously difficult to get a full picture without using local language sources and knowing the country well. However, i guess my main point is to explain how the two parts did have a different history and how the unification occurred. It is also important to note that many in the South so feel unhappy with unification and that there is clearly a southern separatist movement. However, it didn’t go into much detail about it as I wanted to ficus on the unification process. I hope to come back to it in another video. And I will certainly do everything I can to represent all positions. I try to make sure that my videos are balanced. In the meantime, thanks again for the comment. I appreciate it.
@James Ker-Lindsay Thank you for your reply, James.
The people of Yemen have a lot in common in their history for centuries. Forming a strong centralized government was always a challenge as Yemenis are very independent-minded, and resources are limited.
Many are unhappy with the current horrible situation on all sides. Multiple regions are doing what they can to manage and seek a better quality of life for people in their areas. Still, the overall performance is fragile and weak.
There are several separation movements. The cause of people in Aden and several cities in the southern region is a critical and unresolved matter that has to be addressed quickly with more open-minded and thoughtful thinking.
I believe that neither of the state's former shapes will help us in any way to move forward. It worked horribly for our predecessors, and they sacrificed a lot. Now with all the uprising challenges of climate change, drought, low oil price, large population, economic shrinking, and lack of interest in long-term investments. We have to seek a better answer that works for us and our future generations.
If you are interested in researching more about Yemen, I suggest that you consider think tanks that publish helpful resources in English. For example:
www.yemenpolicy.org/
www.deeproot.consulting/
carnegieendowment.org/regions/219
www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/yemen/
www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EXPO_IDA(2016)570473
This is so misleading and misinformed words aiming towards giving a feeling that current yemen is only suffering from lacking of puch of services and everything will be just perfect. No sir! Current Yemen is a result of a formal unification between two separate sovereign states with does not share anything in common except what any two neighboring states would share!! There was a barbarian invasion towards south yemen in 1994 when the South realized the unity is nothing but a spiteful and hateful trap.
@@NashwanDoaqan I hear you, but as I hear Yemenis talk about that subject it appeared to me most seem dissatisfied with unification, the people really seem to support the northern guerilla and southern separatism. I don't know if it is because of those whose voice is heard abroad are particularly enclined to it, but the precedent of several millenias of divided rule of the country doesn't bode well for the countries lasting unity, at least from a foreigner's perspective. Then again, I think what is important is that the people of Yemen are finally really heard, be they in favour of separation or unity, referendums and such should be made possible.
Another interesting video! Would love if you could make a video about Ireland, how it got independence or about Northern Ireland.
I would love to do a video on Ireland. Both topics are great suggestions. The danger is that, as someone British, there's a danger that anything I say could be misconstrued (even though I do, like so many other, have some Irish ancestry and numerous close personal and professional links to the country). Then again, Britain pops up in so many of my videos, including this one, that I suppose accusations of 'perfidious' bias is something that could be levelled against me on a regular basis! :-) Although I like to think I take a very objective look at things, this is nevertheless one of those situations that makes me cower in nervousness about tackling! All that said, I really want to give it a go. :-)
@@JamesKerLindsay I understand! Ireland is a very interesting case, having a long road to independence with the 1916 Rising, War of Independence, Civil War, Free State, new constitution, neutrality in World War 2 and finally leaving the Commonwealth and becoming a Republic. Not to mention all of the rebellions and movements before then.
James Ker-Lindsay
So you’re British and in many of your videos you did bring up Britain 🇬🇧 a lot......makes sense (it does not really personally bother me I am willing to hear out 👂🏽any sides of an argument). With or without British ancestry or nationality, if you are genuinely passionate about something you will find a way to present it in a way that is NEUTRAL and of course I understand WHY you dread making such a video-no matter what you say SOMEONE-SOMEWHERE especially the political extremists will STILL be dissatisfied with your presentation for it does not reflect their BIASES that they believe to be as “The Truth” even if you did present your video as “objective” in content
And in your case-creating a video that is British or Irish ☘️ related (politically speaking) which is Neutral in terms of content and it just so happens that the video’s creator is of a British National-the human response? They will use it against you because in their EYES 👀 they will say: lies, paid hack, propaganda, libel, etc. such an experience IS really going to drain your motivation to do your work.
So when it comes to hot 🥵 button topics, like the controversy with Kosovo 🇽🇰 (I know that you are invested in the Balkans) here’s an idea-use it OR not it’s ok👌🏽I am willing to understand:
Topic: Kosovo 🇽🇰
Parties Involved: Serbia 🇷🇸, Albania 🇦🇱, and the self-proclaimed independent Kosovo 🇽🇰
Sides of Argument: 3
• Albania’s 🇦🇱 SoA on the same topic
• Serbia’s 🇷🇸 SoA on the same topic
• Kosovo’s 🇽🇰 SoA on the same topic
Common objectives: to have/claim Kosovo 🇽🇰 as part of their country (Albania 🇦🇱, Serbia 🇷🇸) (Kosovo 🇽🇰 wants to be an independent sovereign nation)
It’s just an IDEA 💡 for us to listen 👂🏽 to all sides involved who are making a big deal out of it
Miriam Velasco Thanks so much, Miriam. That’s a really interesting idea. I have been thinking of a few new ideas for the channel. As it happens, a friend also proposed something about similar. I think it would be fascinating. I’ll definitely give it some real thought. By the way, I also owe you a reply to your really thoughtful main comment. I haven’t forgotten or overlooked it. I hope all else is well with you.
Geography World There’s so much that’s so interesting about Ireland, and obviously a deep legacy of conflict. I’d like to do something on unification in light of Brexit. I remember sitting next to David Trimble at lunch one day and him saying to me that if Scotland becomes independent, then Northern Ireland will leave the Union too. It is Scotland that links Ulster to Britain, not England or the English. I’ve often thought about this. Leaving aside my ties to Scotland, I’d also like to do something on Wales as I think that if Scotland and NI go, then it will pursue independence as well. (And, unless they introduce a crazily restrictive citizenship regime, I will automatically have a Welsh due to a half-Welsh mother born in North Wales to a Welsh born and Welsh speaking grandmother.) So many interesting topics and for such potentially interesting times ahead!
Please include the relevant maps that will help viewers to understand the nations and their borders.
I thought I did!
The notion that North and South Yemen are so very different and that this explains why they have not been able to preserve their union is, in my view significantly overstated. The entire Arabian peninsula has a more limited history of strong governments than many surrounding areas (Persia/Iran, Judea/Israel/Palestine, Egypt, Sudan/Kush/Nubia, Ethiopia/Aksum), but the entirety of Arabia is a cultural sphere that is deeply culturally connected - by religion, tradition, language, writing system, socio-economic class systems - and even share very similar types of economies (heavy on oil, plus seafaring trades with as fishing). This should provide a very rich and easy sense of connection across the entirety of the region - as it has since the Islamic Golden Age. That includes North and South Yemen.
The real geopolitical and historical question is: What is keeping Arabia so fractured and so fractious? The Shia/Sunni divide is there but likely wouldn't amount to much if certain nation-states didn't frequently exploit it (Iran v. Iraq, then Iran v. Saudi Arabia). Am I wrong? I'm left wondering if it really is best explained as the outcome of too many powers using Yemen as a proxy arena for their own conflicts.
Well I would say Yemenis also like to have their own socio-political units be part of an independent whole, but since those are different depending on the region, there is generally not much impetus to unity. The same can be said in a similar way to other places in Arabia. Also before recently uniting Arabia inside a single state was pretty much impossible since no region had the ressources to administer the rest, Yemen could have if it was united but it never really was... Thus Arabia while it is united culturally and economically will have a hard time to do so politically, it isn't unlike the Maghreb for instance that has also often been fractured, the issue is that populated places are on the edges of the peninsula, and the desert at the center... Geopolitically places in Arabia will generally be more closely tied to countries across the sea than their brethrens across the desert, that's why Iran, Egypt or even Iraq or Syria have often been in Arabia. It isn't really foreign occupation, its simply that the Sultan of Hormuz will be more concerned with the politics of Iran than with what is happening in the Hejaz or Yemen...
Of course the current war in Yemen is a proxy war, but one of the participants is arabian and I think, despite all the bad influence Iran has there, the level of destruction simply isn't the same, thus Yemenis will not make much of the closer cultural ties they share with Saudi Arabia...
تحياتي لك
لن يأتي استقرار الا بعوده اليمن الجنوبي
Hi James, my name is Ahmed, from Aden, South Yemen. I am aware that this video is 2 years old and probably no one would bother to read my comment but I have to add something to this video, surprised no one pointed it out already. In 2015-present day, one of the major reasons why South Yemen wants to declare its independence from the Yemen is because of the houthi rebels, the houthis have taken over all of North Yemen and that affects South Yemen aswell because of the unification of the states. So the actual goal for South Yemen is to break away from the houthi rebels. the second part id like to add to this is that the quality of life was much better in the South before the unification, as said by my father, he might be a little bias :), but seriously the South Yemen shilling was the strongest currency in the Arab world and as many other things, Even During the communist ages! it wasnt as that bad. the Northern Yemenis had it worse, they were a capitalist state although were very poor, the people in the north were moving towards communism due to their poor living conditions.
Hello Ahmed. Thanks so much for the comment and the very useful clarifications. I really appreciate it. I hope to return to this topic at some point.
@@JamesKerLindsay Your Welcome!
Salam ahmed, I am living in the UK, but my dad was yemeni from aden and my mother from England. I want to understand the civil war in yemen better inshallah from your perspective if you can please. Can you tell me who is right, who is wrong, and why? Shukran akhi.
Support for South Yemenis. They own most of the oil reserve in Yemen. They could have been an another petrodollar if they weren't united with North Yemen.
Great inf. But maybe more power points or graphs, ?
Thanks
This is a very interesting subject. Unification was done by agreement between two people, the two presidents of the two countries. No referendum had taken place. The two countries as you mentioned are very different at the level of culture and political history (tribal north vs socialist south).
I’d be very interested in a follow up from you on the possible paths now that the north is almost entirely controlled by Houthis who have no support in the south and the south is divided between the recognized government and its allies on one side and the pro-independence southern council.
It seems most southerners are pro-independence but that won’t be internationally feasible if done unilaterally. On the other hand, the north is divided on itself but united on one thing, to never cede the south and the natural resources on its lands and sea.
Very curious to hear your thoughts on this topic and thanks for your great channel!
Thank you so much for such an interesting and insightful comment. I appreciate it. Unfortunately, the South finds itself in a fairly familiar picture. Two countries unite. One finds itself marginalised and wants to leave, but is refused by the central government and do finds itself stuck - even when that central government becomes dysfunctional. (The point about no referendum is interesting and is a sort of mirror image of Czechoslovakia, which divided by the agreement of the leaders with no popular vote on the issue.) The irony that South Yemen is just across the water from Somaliland is surely not list on many people who watch these issues. I really do plan to return to this. Thanks so much once again.
@@JamesKerLindsay thanks for the response. ..It might be worth mentioning that in the two months of 1994 civil war the south declared its independence and exchanged recognition with Somaliland but the war ended with south's defeat and with that went the only recognition Somaliland got :)
Great content! I subscribed to make sure i get all the new videos!
A B Thank you so much, for the subscription and the information! The 1994 Declaration of Independence is something I’d really like to look into more. I didn’t know that about Somaliland. Makes sense though! Anyway, thanks again and I look forward to your comments on other videos. By the way, do let me know if there are any other subject you would like to see me cover.
A B
Of course no referendum took place. The people back then had no say so, it was a communist state
The south if you didn’t know was more sparesely population and it’s economy wasn’t good at all most were tribes that pledge loyalty while the north had a stronger centralized government and if you know the culture is the same the history is the same before the brits and ottomans both of us know Yemen was one and “greater Yemen” today look at the STC even it controls only 2 cities that itself it has human right violations and does whatever the UAE does don’t u see a similarity betweeen the bases of the UAE across the redsea and gulf of Aden it’s a UAE project. And in 2014 the majority of the southern leaders agreed to the federal system except those who allied themselves with the UAE look more into it please before you start spreading.
South Yemen got fooled by ethic nationalism like Somaliland did and got stuck into a failed union hopefully they will overachieve their struggle Insha Allah
No
@@user-ff3px4zn7d thats probably dumbest response I ever heard😆 no is not a proper response try again
@@hassanm4489
That's right
Thanks to bring up this issues, i always wonder why north and south need to have unification? As i knew their history and interest is different since thousand of years. Lets take example of diaspora routes, most of southern yemenis are traders and their diaspora is dispersed in the east africa, south east asia and south asia. It happens since thousand years ago, while northern yemenis is not really popular as a trader and not really doing the trade via the sea.I thought there is another important player outside north-south parties who really to make benefit with this unification? I hope this aspects can be brought in to the surface in another session.
Well that’s untrue. Thousands of years ago Yemen was one before the brits and ottomans many dynasties ruled even “greater Yemen” South Yemen was mainly sparsely populated tribes while North Yemen had a little more better centralized government the leaders opposed the tribes. South were more known for trade because of the British and its colonialism around the globe Aden was an important colony for them. Even people from the north traded from Aden. But even the north were known for their trade before the brits especially in the mocha and al hudyah ports and cities on the Red Sea. My point is unification was needed to improve the economy of mostly the south and “restore” our ancestors original lands before the brits. After both the ottomans and brits left many Yemeni leaders have tried to unify like the Hamdi but he was killed by Saudi cuz of the impact Yemen would have. We have the same history same trade same food just depending what tribe you are from you wear and talk a lil different. It was an interest of both but the leaders were the problem when everyone demanded democracy representation moncharies funded loyal tribes to not fulfill its republican rights so their people don’t demand. The STC right now is only a UAE project to control the gulf of Aden they did the same to Somalia
Long Love South Yemen
😂😂😂😂
thank you for this video about my counrty is south arabia , we ganna return back a independence counrty , in the near future.
Thank you. It was so interesting to look at the history of South Yemen. I don’t think people realise the background to unification and just how different North and South Yemen really were.
Amen 🙏🏽!!!!!!!
We must fight and fight and fight until we can get what we deserve, we will hopefully separate from these radical extremist homophobic transphobic anti-Semitic Antichrist uneducated northerns
@@thezebrafinch4650 are u gay .hah that's explains allot
@@thezebrafinch4650 The northerners are the ones who helped you get independence from Britain... The “south Yemenis” in the comments are hilarious😂😂. Trying to seek validation amongst one another and boot licking Saudi Arabia and uae who tried to steal the island of Socatra. They will never be recognized as a state ever again. Yemen will forever be one🇾🇪. No more division, it’s either u get along and be one or “the north” will kick ur ass again.
@@JamesKerLindsay
Correct
Soon South Yemen will be back on the map!
Are you Yemeni?
@@user-ss1js3hb8w Yes
Why do you want a divided Yemen you traitor? Yemen has been United for years, go get educated.
@@313south5 Really stupid considering that the president of Yemen is literally from the South...
@@eliasz527 I'm not from Yemen so I may not be the one who should talk about this, but didn't unification of Yemen bring multiple civil wars on both political and religious backgrounds?
We need an update
Thanks. Yes. I must do another video on Yemen soon.
Is there a chance that South Yemen will rise again? It's better if they are not united.
We are fully independent now 😌💪. North yemen doesn't even have a government anymore
@@K9Thunder619 really? I hope the international community will recognize it.
@@313south5 Traitor.
@@K9Thunder619 No you are not. Long live United Yemen.
@@313south5 Bend over and bootlick UAE and Saudi Arabia.
When we united with the northern part, which has the smallest geographical area
They committed injustice, marginalization, and the worst crimes against us, so we now demand independence and disengagement. Don’t forget to support us, guys!
Thank you James for this video .! I wish ..ALL of us CYPRIOTS will watch it ..!
I have said many times here in TH-cam channels that Yemen's unification was a great mistake from its conception! Had the two diversed nations of Yemen Arab Republic and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen never unified on May 22, 1990 and surely by 2021 none of these that are taking place now would have been occurred. Plain truth! Some may say: "Well, you never know!" because the future as well as the history after all, is simply a series of random events, which in most if not all of the cases, we are unable to foresee... I'll say, they are more than right!! However, I can't see how worse the situation would have been eitherwise. My only hope is that the crisis of Yemen, to be ceased and the land of Yemen finally, to have a lasting peace with one way or another!!!
Thanks. Yes, it has been disastrous. I think there was a sense that the two had a destiny to unite, but with very different histories and traditions, despite close affiliations of language and culture, it WS difficult to make it work. It does, of course raise interesting questions about other such potential union. I wonder how Greece and Cyprus would have fared if enosis had happened. It would have been especially interesting to consider this in the context of 1974, when Cyprus had experience of independence and had been a member of the UN for almost 15 years.
@@JamesKerLindsay well I I would not be so intransigent on that matter if I hadn't lived in People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in my childhood and specifically in Aden which in 1988-89 was in stark difference from the Sharia-law state of North Yemen's capital Sana'a. I was very little, but I remembered vividly that although a socialist state allied at the time with the U.S.S.R it had western-like manners. That wasn't the case of course with East and West Germany and certainly will not be the case between a potential North and South Korean unification at some point in the future! You know why? Because in both of these cases the main factor the financial one! In case of Yemen a muslin country the religious affairs defined in total the future and the "equality" of both North and South Yemen.
@@Apaleutos24 Interesting. It just have been fascinating growing up there. And horrible to see what has happened to the country since then. I really must do a video on the conflict in Yemen. It is a real tragedy.
@@JamesKerLindsay I think that you have to work one day to analyse the definitive Yemen Civil War of 1994. It literally paved the way for what we see in some extent today in the region. Prior to 1994, it seemed virtually "peaceful and a success story" the Yemen unification! Masks fallen after that and it came to be an occupation and a compromise, rather than a unification.
Free South Yemen
great video ,thank you for giving a video about my country south Yemen.
now we are controlling all the ground in south Yemen and we wanna return our membership in the United nations. and be a separate country as we was ,but we didn't get any recognition .because us don't like this because our past history with Russia
Thank you so much. I want to try to do a follow up video on South Yemen at some point and discuss its campaign for reclaimed statehood.
By the way, if you do know anyone else who might be interested in the video or the channel, please do share the details with them. Many thanks.
@@JamesKerLindsay I'm definitely interested! You might want to look at how many southern Yemenis are going to the edge of steering away from the Yemen name within its self! I would also like to know if you could cover the so called "corruption" of the UAE supporting the STC (Southern Transitional Council) and Somaliland as a way to "seprate countries and make things harder". These quotes are often used by north Yemenis.
@@MrPro-rp3mi Thanks so much. Yes, I’ve also noted that there does seem to be a move away from using South Yemen. It makes sense. But it might be worth sticking with it to make the point that it was an independent state at not so long ago. It’s actually pretty easy to change a name following independence.
@@MrPro-rp3mi Why support divided Yemen it only helps the enemies of Yemen such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, and UAE.
I think Kingdom of Muttawakil should come back in Yemen.
🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🙋🏻♂️
So basically, unification failed because the process was rushed and put into place before it was really ready to be?
Thanks. That’s certainly part of it. But I think it goes deeper. Although there were a lot of cultural similarities they actually had very different histories. Also, North Yemen immediately became dominant. This fed resentment in the South.
This is example for korea this is what will gonna happens if you reunited with north korea
Great summary except fails to mention that North Yemen (YAR) was a US-backed dictatorship with a horrendous human rights record. PDRY in the south had similar problems but at least they had social and health care safety net and public education system the north lacked. Unification has been a disaster for the people in the south.
That’s completely untrue North Yemen actually had a more centralized government and was more advance than the south even before they opposed any foreign inference and had a stronger government while the south was allied with the soviets it’s economy went boom it’s healthcare lost those basic needs we’re only there when the brits had the upper hand. Even today the STC and it’s human rights violations stealing land kicking people out of their homes and work jailing anyone against them and only controls like 2 cities. Have you looked why the UAE is all around the gulf of Aden setting bases on lands it didn’t pay a cent for? and actually look at the economy of the south before it’s unification and after (till 2013) major difference. While u back the UAE your own people are dying and you don’t know your history
Hello I am mohammed alamodi im from hadramut
حد يترجم لنا
Google translate 🙏❤
Does south Yemen have more sunni then Shia or vice veca
I don't get it I thought you said that both sides believe in a same Yemeni heritage but in the comments I see no sign of that...
The people that want yemen to separate think that if they split everything gone be great 😂 it's the same heritage
From a South Yemen prospective I can see why they would feel that this whole unification thing has failed.
A lot do the political and religious issues that sparked the war had originated in North Yemen many of the politicians elites are from the north as well as The bulk of the Shia hothis.
South Yemen is actually more peaceful than North Yemen. All of sectarian movements originated from North Yemen because of the Shia. When there is a Houthi war, people live a normal life in Hadramaut and Aden, in fact the conflict that happens in the South is to ask independence.
Please, The war in Yemen is not a civil war nor a sectarian war, it is a war of oil and ports
United Yemen 🇾🇪 = Strong 💪
No 😜😜🤪🤢🤢🤮🤮🤮
الوحدة حطه براسك شكلك عياش برع ولا قد روحيت اكلت السم المر
@@So70 قد ذقنا السم لما وصل للنخاع ولكن الانفصال مستحيل فى الوقت هذا لأن ما زال القاعده موجود فى الجنوب
You do not know anything. The 2015 war is a north-south war. You will not find a single north in fact who stood against the Houthi, even the supporters of unity from the south allowed it. Rather, a fierce war took place in southern Yemen led by former leaders in the country of the south with the support of the coalition forces under the name of the Hanubian resistance, in fact.
True brother
Someday, it's gonna split again
No it won’t Yemen will stay United and any traitor who wants south or North Yemen will be executed.
@@313south5 I am from Aden...
@@313south5
هههههههه صدقت
😂😂😂😂
Is there a success story of the two politically different regimes?
As far as I read all the countries whom tried to challenge the colonial borders has failed to continue unity.
There are some success stories like Quebec which was a French colony joined Canada which is a former British colony and Goa which was a Portuguese colony joined India which is a former British colony country and US states like California and Texas which was a Spanish colony joined US which is a former British colony
الجنوب العربي غالي عليناء
Came under british "protection" 🤣
Actually 80 % or more of the world in the last century was under the British occupation
In South Yemen only as 2 % was under the occupation
South Yemen will return
@Justin Y. Somalia is just literally Totaly and Fully Failed State.
South,Yemen Aidroos alzubidi👍
Wish they didn't unite
الذباب الجنوبي وين ماتلقاة وهو ينبح يشتي ينفصل 😂 اهجعو
Yemen unification was a disaster and failure south Yemen and north Yemen should be independent nations again period from Macon Ga USA
Separate Yemen is not a good idea due this war because Alqauda and ISIS group are still in the south and as well if South Yemen get independence that's means the Hadi government will be weak and will not be able to protect Marib city in fact they will lose and Houthies which backed by iran will take advantages and will annex the south Yemen as well. So United Yemen is the best option till the war in Yemen end
South comeback ❤️
Indians stay away
@@mohammedwadodmohammedwadod5932 be quiet turkish
@@K9Thunder619 I am a Himyari
Nations are the attempt to aggregate peoples into economies within the world of international trade. For Yemen this might mean bringing together localized craftsmen, farmers, and the truckers and marketers of their local economy. There really isn't enough international trade for countries like Afghanistan or Yemen to unify around. The ancient cultures of farmers and craftsmen don't have much use in supporting a federal govt. seeking and entrance into international markets.
The current US wars (Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Lybia, Iran, etc....) all play out against the small market economies of local craftsmen and farmers with weak or non existent central govts, many of which only exist because of oil export.
The value of these local market cultures is lost in the international trade of nation states dominated, in the US, by the likes of WallMart, Exxon, Microsoft, and Northrup Grumman. Localized markets would seem to be the future as the federalized international trade system plays havoc with our local communities and our shared world environment.
The tragedy of the south started long before the unification with the socialist party. They Yemenized the south, didn’t respect the local culture, isolated it from its neighbors, destroyed the economy with their socialist policies, and caused many southerners to flee to neighboring countries. With the collapse of the USSR they lost the only economic support they had and united with the North (which had a population 5 times larger than the south) as an escape route. It was evident the North will eventually swallow the South and that happened. From the start they assassinated many Southern figures and when the South declared independence they invaded the South killing and looting every house they set their eyes upon. They even issued a fatwa declaring Jihad on the “socialite infidel” South. After all that they wonder why Southerners have long for their independence?
That’s completely false... Yemen did not loot every house in the 1994 war... Matter fact, the south actually killed civilians first in Sanaa during the 1994 war, all Yemenis just wanted a unified Nation.
@@eliasz527 houses were looted and lands confiscated no lies can cover the crimes that were committed against the Southerners
@@salameri6573
True. Well said
Yemen unification was a disaster and failure south Yemen and north Yemen should be independent nations from Macon Ga USA especially south Yemen
The problems are due to poor unification process. It's that simple and as such, the Southerners have had enough of decades of Oppression. Enough is enough and hence why they are going to do all they can within their power to get their country back (The old independent Sovereign state of Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen otherwise known as South Yemen) all be it, not as previously a communist state, rather the aim would be either a federal system of some sort with an independence autonomy for each region or go back to the old system of sultanates whereby a Sultan of a region/area would govern that area like it used to be the case before 1967.
I think the biggest mistake for South Yemen was when it became a Marxist state and overthrew the Sultans and from that point onwards, it kind of went down hill year on year, internal civil war erupted between themselves (about who will be the ruler), etc.
One hopes the Southerners have learned their lessons from history and hopefully, learn to live together united and not fight each other which is quite opposite to the North who get along with each other.
The trouble with the South, is they have always been regional based and every region wants to be the power house of the South and thus Tribal war erupts. They need to move on if they will ever run an independent state.
They need to learn to live with each other and above all accept each other as equal. Otherwise, a waste of time and they might as well remain united with the North, simple as.
@@spidyman8853 did you also learn your history before the brits came when Yemen was ruled? Or do you kiss the UAE feet? The president is legit from the south and your STC kidnapps anyone that’s opposes them look at your economy before the unification to 2013 see the difference ur economy was not great you were tribes and always at war with eachother while the north had a more centralized gov. You talk abt been opressed for decades yet you won’t speak about how the UAE and the STC and foreigners are opressed your people learn history before you speak please I bet you you weren’t even born in Yemen but in some place in the west that u lost your culture to sit down.
South arb😔😭😭🥺✌✌✌✊✊✊
Long live Yemeni Union.
اتفووو على وجهك
Yemen is one ever and forever🇾🇪
@@yemen5742 never
@@user-ff3px4zn7d We southern with Union and our president is Hadi
@@yemen5742
No we are not you are from taiz stop talking on our behalf
The northerners are the ones who helped South get independence from Britain... The “south Yemenis” in the comments are hilarious😂😂. Trying to seek validation amongst one another and boot licking Saudi Arabia and uae who tried to steal the island of Socatra. They will never be recognized as a state ever again. Yemen will forever be one🇾🇪. No more division, it’s either u get along and be one or “the north” will kick ur ass again.
@Justin Y. ?
@Justin Y. South Yemen is not black, they are Arabs wtf, all the black people over there are illegal migrants from Ethiopia.
@Justin Y. Are you an Emirati puppet troll??? Yemen is a united country, and what are the northerners black too?
@@eliasziad7864 nah cap 🧢 South Yemen will be separate soon inshallah
Liar that was Egypt
You are so poor at that time saudi and Egypt was helping you you so weak
الجنوب العربي سينتطر سوف يعود قصب عن كل دحبوشي قزم🤢🤮💩🖕🏽🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪🇾🇪