Interesting regarding the water ground wave and i'm wondering if that is also a skin effect. In other worlds the signal skips over the water so when people dangle counter poise wires into the sea this might not be the most effective way of setting off the ground wave transmission. When by the ocean, I'm, wondering if a kind of separate vertical beam just for the water surface transmission would be the way to go? Perhaps 2x vertical beams in co phase but one is angled down to try to skim the water surface while the other is angled just above the horizon depending on what DX you are looking for. Or, perhaps a beam with a slight arrow shape so the shield element angles more downwards towards the ocean surface.
I have done some research work on underwater communication which is challenging. Let me explain where the challenge is. The sea water is a good conductor and you can imagine them as a big piece of ground and shorten all our signal. As for cable, they are also a good conductor but we isolate the signal and ground from 2 different pcs of conductors. Unless we can find a signal path or ground path separately for underwater communication then I think is feasible. The EM wave cant really travel vertical into the bottom. I have done this experiment in the early day. For example, I can send info horizontal along the surface for more than 200m but vertical it cant even 10m with the same tx and rx. Hence, therefore, underwater comm happen only at very very low freq.
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Interesting regarding the water ground wave and i'm wondering if that is also a skin effect. In other worlds the signal skips over the water so when people dangle counter poise wires into the sea this might not be the most effective way of setting off the ground wave transmission. When by the ocean, I'm, wondering if a kind of separate vertical beam just for the water surface transmission would be the way to go? Perhaps 2x vertical beams in co phase but one is angled down to try to skim the water surface while the other is angled just above the horizon depending on what DX you are looking for. Or, perhaps a beam with a slight arrow shape so the shield element angles more downwards towards the ocean surface.
I have done some research work on underwater communication which is challenging. Let me explain where the challenge is. The sea water is a good conductor and you can imagine them as a big piece of ground and shorten all our signal. As for cable, they are also a good conductor but we isolate the signal and ground from 2 different pcs of conductors. Unless we can find a signal path or ground path separately for underwater communication then I think is feasible. The EM wave cant really travel vertical into the bottom. I have done this experiment in the early day. For example, I can send info horizontal along the surface for more than 200m but vertical it cant even 10m with the same tx and rx. Hence, therefore, underwater comm happen only at very very low freq.