When you're going to sleep, just tell your body you're waking up at (pick a number) 8am. You're surprisingly capable of getting up when you intend to without an alarm
Even better: "Sorry boss, I don't want to use my alarm clock anymore. I couldn't stomach contributing to the heat death of the universe. If the universe ended, I couldn't come to work"
Electrical engineer here. Computers are already kind of running into that problem, and have been for years. Computers have been increasing entropy at a high rate for a very long time. It’s a real problem. We don’t usually think of it as an entropy problem, but rather as a thermal problem. The faster and smaller transistors get, the more heat they produce. And as many people know, heat is the most chaotic form of energy. So this really is an entropy problem.
We're still faaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaar from Landauer limit. It's not power in transistor, it's power density at IC and problem with getting saidheat out. Node shrink causes overall drop in power, but also disproportionate die size shring therefore increase of power density.
And that's my cue to re-read the Discworld novel Thief of Time (by Terry Pratchett). XD It involves a plot by the Auditors (who want everything to stay exactly where it is and not move or change, thank you very much) duping a clockbuilder into building the most exact/precise clock, which then stops time.
I’ve only recently gotten into Discworld and completely fell in love- not that I needed any more reason to keep reading, but now you’ve really got my interest 👀
Thanks for the video! BUT: Entropy is not a measure of "disorder." A soap bubble is highly-"ordered" but is in its highest-entropy state. In fact, if you push a soap bubble to be more disordered - making it an amorphous blob rather than a sphere - it will pop back to its higher-entropy state: an ordered sphere. Entropy is a measure of probabilities. Smoke spreads throughout a room not because its order decreases, but because it is MUCH more probable that, at any moment, the smoke blob in the center of the room will spread than will shrink.
But you forget that the soap bubble only looks like order because of the resolution you look at. Go down to the molecular structure of the components that make up the soap bubble and see that they all in entropy.
Right, the whole "disorder" meme is really confusing and backwards when it comes to educational stories in physics. Increasing entropy actually just means adding complexity, or adding more possibility, as you say. The higher the entropy of a system, the more unique, equally probable, orders it has. For example, add more smoke and more air to the smoky room will mean that you're more likely to find smoke doing all sorts of weird things - like making vortices and pretty aerodynamical patterns - than just sitting in one spot, or being totally perfectly distributed evenly around the room.
Pretty sure you have to consider the soap bubble/air system, right? The soap bubble is a sphere because that’s what happens when the air inside is in its highest entropy state. If you push the sides of the bubble in, it may appear less ordered, but the air inside has been compressed is more ordered. I think.
I like to think of it more like uniformity than disorder for this exact reason. Sure, it's not impossible everything clumps up independently, but as you and the speaker of the video said, it's much easier and more probable to resolve a mixture to a simple, evenly distributed, static system than to separate things into clumps.
Current CPUs care a lot about synchronization. But there are asynchronous designs that are much more difficult that are faster and more efficient. They were used in the far past during the the exploration stage of computers, but synchronous designs are simpler and have been greatly improving over time well enough to not warrant the investment, yet.
Computers today do have many clock domains where inside of them there is asynchronous combinational and synchronous sequential logic. When the clock synchronization becomes unwieldy we just split it up into another domain.
@@willis936 Correct, and each domain can have its clock rate optimized for its usage. But there are actual async designs for domains, not just between domains.
There's only one watch I've ever wanted. The Tag Heuer Monaco. The ad was in the back of Popular Science. I appreciate the unique approach of a belt driven watch. I could never justify the cost though because I don't like to wear watches. I'd have to mount it on a wall or something. 😂
I personally believe time isn’t an actual thing in the way we think about it. The past and the future are ideas that help us understand time but they aren’t actually real. Time is just the measure of change but the only phase of time that exists is the present and the present changes. That’s just from my brain trying to understand time along with a few videos about the subject so take it all with a grain of salt but it makes sense to me.
I see it the exact same way, and it seems to me to be the most realistic view. Time is just a measurement system, like temperature for heat or meters for distance. The past and future are important concepts we use but not things that actually exist.
In philosophy, this is pretty much called presentism, where only the present is "real" (if I understood what you mean correctly), as opposed to eternalism, where past and future are as real as the present. I'm personally more on the eternalist side of things. I think we perceive time like we do, because we can't process all this information about the world at once, and thus take it bit by bit from one direction to the other. It is probably also easier to go in this causal direction, that gets more complicated later on, as opposed to starting out complicated already.
The video of the clock ticking randomly reminded me of when my solar watch was dying because it was winter and I was hiding it in my sleeves. It was so weird and got off track so quickly.
See "Thief of Time" by Terry Pratchett for the physical consequences of succeeding in this quest. Atomic clocks can be pretty small despite the monster shown in the video. Not the super-duper caesium clocks, but the slightly less accurate rubidium clocks, which are used in GPS satellites.
My only comment is the reminder that while entropy and the flow of time are closely related increasing entropy DOES NOT EQUAL time flowing forward, or local decreases in entropy would be observable areas where time flowed backwards. That doesn't happen because entropy and time are related but not the same thing.
@@EduardoRodriguez-du2vd It's a measure of the number of states on the microscopic level (microstates) that give rise to a given macroscopically observable state (macrostate). If the number of microstates for a given macrostate is W, then the entropy of a system in a given state S = ln W. Since we assume all microstates are equally likely, it's effectively a measure of how probable a given macrostate is (though it's not the probability). I hope that helps, but I understand if it doesn't. Entropy is a notoriously tricky concept.
@@allanjmcpherson Ah! Thank you! I get the impression that you are referring to the relationship between the structure formed by the microstates and the structure of the macrostate, as if they were two different things. As a question of structure and not of energy or average energy difference in a given space (which was what my intuition told me). Is it something just structural?
@@EduardoRodriguez-du2vd I'm not sure I understand your question exactly. I'll try to give an example. Say you have a system of two particles and the system has two units of energy that can be distributed among the two particles. The macrostate is that the system has two units of energy. There are three possible microstates. The first particle could have both units of energy. The second particle could have both units of energy. Or they could both have one. For this toy example, the entropy of the system would be ln 3 since there are three microstates that constitute the same macrkstate. Does that help?
@@allanjmcpherson Yeah. The example is useful to me. Regarding my comment, I will try to clarify what I expressed! :) Do you understand that entropy is a tendency, of the elements of the universe, towards a certain distribution? That this distribution is more probable after the interactions? Do we notice that a distribution is more probable and then consider that distribution to be more probable because we find that distribution to be more probable? The question would be why the trend towards a certain distribution is the most probable. Regarding the system of three elements, what I find problematic is the lack of definition of the concept of energy. The idea that comes to mind is that the universe tends towards balance (for some reason) and that the differentiated areas force the elements to act towards balance. Similar to what happens in the atmosphere (actually I guess exactly how it happens in the atmosphere!). But if that were correct, why this tendency towards balance? That is, why does the probability distribution have that tendency and not another? Otherwise, why do statistics show a certain type of results?
I've got one high accuracy quartz (HAQ): my Bulova Lunar Pilot. So far it has been gaining 2-3 seconds per year. How is it so much more accurate than a typical quartz? 1. Thermocompensation (the onboard computer monitors the temperature & accordingly it adjusts timekeeping to minimize error). 2. Higher oscillation rate: e.g. 262,144 Hz instead of 32,768 Hz. There's more that can be done, too, such as: 3. using superior quality quartz crystals. 4. pairing each crystal with a computer that's been "programmed" with information about how _that particular crystal_ performs over a range of temperatures (Grand Seiko does this). Grand Seiko even gives you a "trimmer" in their quartz movements, allowing you to compensate for any drift as the watch ages over a period of decades or even centuries.
@@vidal9747that's likely cheaper (sort of) than these novelty watches. Specialized GPS receiver chips use averaged atomic clock time to adjust ovenized quartz oscillators. You get GPS atomic clock long term accuracy with crystal short term precision. Or you could rent or buy an old HP cesium clock off fleabay. These are precise enough to show time running faster at the top of a mountain :)
@@vidal9747they're likely cheaper and WAY more accurate. None will fit on your wrist some will fit in your cargo pants. High accuracy watches use a new (for a watch) AT cut crystal. Used every where else since 1934 since they're easy to make. The pocket sized standard uses an ovenized SC cut crystal which is more stable. The crystal is nudged using a GPS chip. You get long atomic accuracy with short term crystal precision. $150-2000 ish range. $2000 and up you could get a used HP cesium clock on fleabay. Small suitcase size but accurate enough to show how time runs faster at the top of a mountain due to relativistic effects.
8:29 Random Sydney jumpscare! So strange having stock footage of a place I've actually been 😛 (That's the foot bridge between Wynyard and Barangaroo in the city)
I have been cornered by a philosophy major at a party. He claimed he was an optimist. He intended to write the perfect philosophical treatise -- and then die. It didn't occur to him (nor me, at the time, because we were both pretty liqoured) that the root of "optimist" was "to opt", that is: to choose. And when you're dead, your options are severely limited. Those people are weird. And this observation coming from a drama major.
Entropy eats everything. Did anyone see the never-ending story movie? This is an old reference but some of you know what i'm talking about. The nothingness is coming to eat everything
Entropy eats the past to create the future, where there is always more complexity, more creativity, more collaboration. It's evolution, but with matter and energy as the first "parents".
I have a big ol' grandfather clock in my living room and I can attest that, at best, it might be accurate to plus or minus 30 seconds a week. (You have to wind it once a week, so that's when I reset it to match my Apple Watch). It's dependent upon *tons* of variables -- even walking past it can make it vibrate a little bit, and throw off the pendulum swinging. So it's definitely at the very low end of accuracy, and must therefore be contributing almost zero entropy to the universe. I rest easy knowing I'm not contributing to the chaos. 😂
I feel like this is a speed of light sort of thing, that the closer we approach the speed of light (perfection of timing) the more energy (entropy) we need. How interesting!
the most important clocks in high density asics are based on path length and the speed at which electrons move in that material, there's still 'clock' clocks, but things aren't really getting "smaller". timing closure happens at design time and it changes the geometry and layout so the logic works correctly at a given speed rating
This is actually surprisingly accurate-ESPECIALLY in the watch world! If you buy a cheap mechanical watch with the absolute minimum number of parts required to keep track of time at all, then it’ll be very inaccurate and clunky-with minimal entropy effect. But if you buy a super high-end mechanical watch that costs thousands, then you’ll have tons of extra parts added (like extra jewels, swan neck regulators, fusee drives, etc.) that increase accuracy at the cost of added entropy. And god forbid you buy a Grand Seiko Spring Drive…hell, you’ll effectively have TWO SEPARATE WATCHES IN ONE that work together to tell time so accurate it’s second only to atomic clocks! But once again, that’s a LOT of extra parts, and therefore a TON of entropy. Not saying you shouldn’t buy one of those (it’s literally my dream watch tbh; by the way, this is not sponsored, and I don’t own one myself), but think of the entropy effect you’re creating just to get that hyper precision next time you look at one of those. Sometimes, simpler is better!
If you tear up a book, throw it in the air and end up with two page 74's like in the illustration, try to remember how many books you tore up if the first place
Entropy is NOT "disorder"! Unless you want to redefine it, and be confused about the universe, of course. Entropy is a measure of the number of possible unique states a system can be in. Increasing entropy is essentially like zooming in on a (non repeating) fractal. The reason the future is different from the past is that the future is infinitely open (fully random into the infinite future), while the past is limited, especially your personal past (where you've only experienced some small percentage of the universe/multiverse).
SpaceTime is relative... time is relative to your motion and any gravity well you are in. Taken to its extreme since we base time and space measurements on each other (meter is how far a photon travels ~1/300,000,000 of a second and a second is when light has traveled ~300,000,000meters) and we are in a gravity well, and the gravity well is moving through space.. time is always changing.. even if you have a perfect clock you would have to question.. is it really perfect?
I know this makes me sound old, but all of the references to grandfather clocks reminded me of the old Johnny Cash song. Nice tune. If you are not familiar, i recommend that you look it up. While you're at it, look up This Land Is Your Land by Woody Guthrie. Great stuff
a lot of youtube channels change their thumbnails to test which ones get more clicks, then leave the most successful ones and use that to improve them for the future
Makes quite a bit of sense. Pretty much in everything you run into the problem of consistency over time vs. accuracy in short time. The quickest practical example is weight monitoring. You measure yourself every day and get really accurate information. But it makes no sense in the big picture, it has too much information, it's too detailed. It has way too much variables affecting it, it has variance in play that you don't even know exists. In the long time span you get quite a neat average and an idea of where you're progressing but you really can't say you have any information of where you are any given day or moment. Or trying to picture some signal or movement visually. At some point you can measure things you don't even understand and your interest really lies in the macro picture, even though you want more accuracy and resolution. Suddenly you're measuring noise and light reflections, surface roughness and whatnot instead of the shapes or signal you're interested in.
Actually, some humans have been experiencing a phenomenon where they see very short snaps of the future, but generally psychologists write it off as something else, or people just think of them as crazy.
There are three rates to consider. 1. The diminishing effect or draw of gravity away from the center of mass. 2. The increasing rate of time away from the center of mass. 3. The increasing measure of distance away from the center of mass. Speed is measured by time and distance which change and that changes the speed of light and causation. Distance gets longer without gravity and time goes by faster, both of which speed up causation. The light has to arrive at a farther distance faster when distance is stretched *and* time also goes by faster. *Then* there is the first thing to consider and that is the diminishing draw of gravity which means things eventually slow down the farther away they are from the center mass of a galaxy. (It's not complicated.) 😎
Maybe we are already experiencing time in reverse as a matter of sanity-preservation, to avoid confronting the troubling reality of the future where we will each shrink down to a tiny size and fall into a watery womb, etc.
Could Fermi's paradox be explained by intelligent life requiring so much order that it creates an entropic bubble large enough to envelope large portions of, or even entire galaxies?
Being stuck on the word "Law" hampers the explanation of physics. That word stems from a time when teleology was important in the learned halls of the academy. And mathematics is (in part) a language and while physicists use that language it is important to remember that equations (or relationships, mathematically) are used to _represent_ reality, and that mathematics is *NOT* the determiner of reality.
When scientists talk about there being fewer ordered states than unordered states, how is "ordered" defined? Like sweeping up the pages sorted ascending is ordered, but which sequences are disordered. Would having all of the prime number pages arrive at the end be considered ordered or unordered? For almost any sequence, you could probably define a human-intuitive pattern that describes it if you're clever enough. The fraction of ordered patterns doesn't seem like it should be so human-centric. So how rare is finding an ordered pattern?
P so Q is not equivalent to Q so P. You can't get an arrow of time from the 2nd law of Thermodynamics, you only get the arrow of Entropy. Also sounds like clocking making has reached the uncertainty principle.
So this explains why over the 365 days the clock on the wall is almost 10 minutes slow. I ran a test last year two clocks one I kept correcting on the 1st day of the month and the other one I left alone.
So essentially we should worry less about what time it is, or is, and enjoy the current time we have that we have now because we are making more chaos for the universe and us. ⏰ This could also maybe explain why time seems to go faster the older we get. Maybe our brains are trying to make the perfect internal clock.
Furthermore, the more precise the clock, the more sensitive it will be to factors like gravity and acceleration. When we get to colonize other planets, il will be very difficult to synchronize anything.
3:30 How does that even make sense? "By counting the number of ticks and multiplying by the INTERVAL OF TIME between two ticks, you know how much time has passed." To make a clock to measure time, you need a clock to measure time, which needs a clock to measure time... ad infinitum? I mean you need to know how much time has passed in that interval between two ticks, this is circular AF.
You can actually measure a difference in altitude of meters using atomic clocks. Time flows slower when you are lower because there is less gravity from earth. So, you have a measurable effect in the most precise clocks depending on height. This is bizarre. Furthermore, entropy only shows where time points. It doesn't slow or reverse time. When entropy gets lower in part of a system, that part does not go back in time.
Fascinating! But I don't understand exactly what entropy is. Every particle is heading toward fusion or fission at the rate energy is being fed to them or being taken away from them. And everything is relative to the state of the observer. The only real constant that exists is change. This means that no matter how accurate you can make a clock to be, it will only be accurate for that particular moment in time, within a controlled set of variables, for that particular observer. Because atoms vibrate slower, the more momentum it has, which results in time-mass dialation. But what exactly is entropy? If you drop and crack an egg, entropy. But, at the same time, as the shell smashes against the floor, there will be calcium particles that, through impact, that will move an energy level closer to strontium. So, climbing up the periodic table is more entropy. What about fission. All that stored fusion energy is exerted and lost thermally, while the atoms that are spewed out move down a notch in the atomic chain. So, fission itself is anti-entropic, while its effects are entropic?
If the problem is not having an accurate rate of people toward the door, how can you have an accurate rate of door openings and closings? If you have an accurate door, just use THAT as your clock.
Basically regardless of your time span only a set amount of intervals can be counted accurately before something throws the system off and if you chose a shorter time span it'll happen faster.
The laws of physics are time symmetric because physicists don't like inequalities. If you write all the laws as equations, they will be symmetric. The few laws that are inequalities, like the 2nd law of thermodynamics, are the ones that seem to give time a direction. Find more laws that are inequalities and physics will seem less time symmetric.
I feel like people get bogged down on this law, when in reality they are missing out on the more important in my opinion, Just cuse you shovel gravel from one pile to another doesn’t mean you have destroyed that matter. you have simply caused entropy or disorder in another location in space time.
I'm still working on understanding certain aspects of Thermal Dynamics. I'm comfortable with the Relativity's, but Thermal Dynamics can give me a bit of a brain hurt 🤣. Love the channel and subscribed emedietly when I found it a few days ago. Keep em coming please! 🤘😎🖖🇨🇦🕊️
I’d go as far to say that it isn’t just “like” the uncertainty principle. It literally is another incarnation of its effects. We dreamt up time to make sense of our ever changing world, and to track the flow of events within it. We invented time-keeping to facilitate that need. Rigorous optimization, research, with significant technological advancement, and a pursuit for constant improvement have revealed that time-keeping isn’t simply a measurement of time, but a measurement of systematic responses and analysis of multiple different qualities that together create the appearance of time. So we aren’t measuring “time” anymore. We’re measuring this “resolution” and “accuracy” on a scale so minute and precise that we have inevitably touched upon the latent uncertainty of our universal observations. And while we can measure a system’s qualities to extreme precision in one respect, uncertainty dictates we are left with zero understanding of its other qualities, meaning we will only discover the measurements we were searching for, irregardless of the evolving reality of the constituents within said system/measurement.
Side note: Yep... I'm going to have to go listen to Toxicity by System Of A Down after this ... I heard "disorder" too many times and it triggered the ADHD squirrel. 😂
I believe I have witnessed the conservstion of entropy, and when displaced, entropy proagates outward with 1/R squared losses from the point of origin.
Time is relative, it would take otherwordly hardware since it would need to do constant calculation and synchronization of the speed and position in space of both you and the point of reference "at all times"
You can actually measure a difference in altitude of meters using atomic clocks. Time flows slower when you are lower because there is less gravity from earth. So, you have a measurable effect in the most precise clocks depending on height. This is bizarre. Furthermore, entropy only shows where time points. It doesn't slow or reverse time. When entropy gets lower in part of a system, that part does not go back in time.
You are saying resolution comes at the expense of accuracy, however what happens if you just line up a bunch of attoclocks? Wouldn't that have both high accuracy and resolution? I know that would be a ridiculous big clock and is that a layman explanation of the fact we don't have infinite resources, as such a big clock would increase entropy a lot?
I dont get why adding more moving parts increases entropy of a watch. I also dont get how entropy is "produced" - sounds like energy being used; you know what I mean?
I thought there was a new set with a chair, at least the past bunch of videos used it, but now you're back to the green background and standing up. Or was this recorded before the set change?
Quick clarification: from what I've learned in computer science at least, entropy can also be described as a measure of the size of the set that contains all possible states of a system. The bigger the set, the greater its entropy
Yikes! At 2:34, far more upsetting is that the clock in the center has the hour hand pointing directly at an hour when the minute hand is pointing at the 6. How did you even get that wrong?!
can't we just make an accurate atomic clock (eg to microseconds) by combining an atomic clock, for the longer time scales, and possibly a piezoelectric clock, for the short time frames? that way the atomic clock pulses are really averaged out, and used to keep the piezoelectric clock in sync
"Sorry boss, I don't use my alarm clock anymore. I couldn't stomach contributing to the entropy problem."
When you're going to sleep, just tell your body you're waking up at (pick a number) 8am. You're surprisingly capable of getting up when you intend to without an alarm
@@gastonmarian7261 That would be even worse, I would just be training my body to produce more entropy. 😱
“I did it for the team. I chose to be late so that others could be more timely. Heisenberg say relax.”
Phase-noise strikes again.
Dammit.
Even better: "Sorry boss, I don't want to use my alarm clock anymore. I couldn't stomach contributing to the heat death of the universe. If the universe ended, I couldn't come to work"
Electrical engineer here. Computers are already kind of running into that problem, and have been for years. Computers have been increasing entropy at a high rate for a very long time. It’s a real problem. We don’t usually think of it as an entropy problem, but rather as a thermal problem. The faster and smaller transistors get, the more heat they produce. And as many people know, heat is the most chaotic form of energy. So this really is an entropy problem.
We're still faaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaar from Landauer limit. It's not power in transistor, it's power density at IC and problem with getting saidheat out. Node shrink causes overall drop in power, but also disproportionate die size shring therefore increase of power density.
@@piotrd.4850cool
Dennard scaling.
And that's my cue to re-read the Discworld novel Thief of Time (by Terry Pratchett). XD
It involves a plot by the Auditors (who want everything to stay exactly where it is and not move or change, thank you very much) duping a clockbuilder into building the most exact/precise clock, which then stops time.
Precisely my thoughts
I’ve only recently gotten into Discworld and completely fell in love- not that I needed any more reason to keep reading, but now you’ve really got my interest 👀
I was thinking about it the whole video, lol
Yes, makes sense! And my super accurate ruler that measures plank lengths eradicates distance??
"What damn elephant? There is no dammed elephant!"
Thanks for the video! BUT: Entropy is not a measure of "disorder." A soap bubble is highly-"ordered" but is in its highest-entropy state. In fact, if you push a soap bubble to be more disordered - making it an amorphous blob rather than a sphere - it will pop back to its higher-entropy state: an ordered sphere.
Entropy is a measure of probabilities. Smoke spreads throughout a room not because its order decreases, but because it is MUCH more probable that, at any moment, the smoke blob in the center of the room will spread than will shrink.
But you forget that the soap bubble only looks like order because of the resolution you look at. Go down to the molecular structure of the components that make up the soap bubble and see that they all in entropy.
Right, the whole "disorder" meme is really confusing and backwards when it comes to educational stories in physics. Increasing entropy actually just means adding complexity, or adding more possibility, as you say. The higher the entropy of a system, the more unique, equally probable, orders it has. For example, add more smoke and more air to the smoky room will mean that you're more likely to find smoke doing all sorts of weird things - like making vortices and pretty aerodynamical patterns - than just sitting in one spot, or being totally perfectly distributed evenly around the room.
Pretty sure you have to consider the soap bubble/air system, right? The soap bubble is a sphere because that’s what happens when the air inside is in its highest entropy state. If you push the sides of the bubble in, it may appear less ordered, but the air inside has been compressed is more ordered. I think.
I like to think of it more like uniformity than disorder for this exact reason. Sure, it's not impossible everything clumps up independently, but as you and the speaker of the video said, it's much easier and more probable to resolve a mixture to a simple, evenly distributed, static system than to separate things into clumps.
Current CPUs care a lot about synchronization. But there are asynchronous designs that are much more difficult that are faster and more efficient. They were used in the far past during the the exploration stage of computers, but synchronous designs are simpler and have been greatly improving over time well enough to not warrant the investment, yet.
I'd like to look more into this do you have anything I could watch or read up more on it?
@@exiledpain6 A quick Google makes me think he might be talking about "asynchronous circuits."
Computers today do have many clock domains where inside of them there is asynchronous combinational and synchronous sequential logic. When the clock synchronization becomes unwieldy we just split it up into another domain.
Look for the ARM AMULET project. That was an asynchronous ARM CPU.
@@willis936 Correct, and each domain can have its clock rate optimized for its usage. But there are actual async designs for domains, not just between domains.
“Time is an illusion. Lunchtime doubly so.” - Ford Prefect
42
As a watch salesman, I'm going to send complaints to this video.
lol
Do so in a timely manner
It's all relative
As a watchmaker, I wish all salespeople would listen to this comment. 😃
There's only one watch I've ever wanted. The Tag Heuer Monaco. The ad was in the back of Popular Science. I appreciate the unique approach of a belt driven watch. I could never justify the cost though because I don't like to wear watches. I'd have to mount it on a wall or something. 😂
I personally believe time isn’t an actual thing in the way we think about it. The past and the future are ideas that help us understand time but they aren’t actually real. Time is just the measure of change but the only phase of time that exists is the present and the present changes. That’s just from my brain trying to understand time along with a few videos about the subject so take it all with a grain of salt but it makes sense to me.
I see it the exact same way, and it seems to me to be the most realistic view. Time is just a measurement system, like temperature for heat or meters for distance. The past and future are important concepts we use but not things that actually exist.
Sounds good to me
In philosophy, this is pretty much called presentism, where only the present is "real" (if I understood what you mean correctly), as opposed to eternalism, where past and future are as real as the present.
I'm personally more on the eternalist side of things. I think we perceive time like we do, because we can't process all this information about the world at once, and thus take it bit by bit from one direction to the other. It is probably also easier to go in this causal direction, that gets more complicated later on, as opposed to starting out complicated already.
I will now become a low tier batman villain with the evil plan to destroy all clocks to bring back order to the world!
Anticlockman
@HermitHorologist I don't have time for this nonsense.
Classic programmer's problem: time stamping your code within your code 😎
Nailed it.
The video of the clock ticking randomly reminded me of when my solar watch was dying because it was winter and I was hiding it in my sleeves. It was so weird and got off track so quickly.
See "Thief of Time" by Terry Pratchett for the physical consequences of succeeding in this quest.
Atomic clocks can be pretty small despite the monster shown in the video. Not the super-duper caesium clocks, but the slightly less accurate rubidium clocks, which are used in GPS satellites.
I see there are lots of Pratchett fans here.
@sydhenderson6753 we are legion. There will never be another like Sir Terry. Nac Mac Feegle!
Which we need to help adjust for the relativistic effects, which is just more than kinda awesome.
GNU Pterry
My only comment is the reminder that while entropy and the flow of time are closely related increasing entropy DOES NOT EQUAL time flowing forward, or local decreases in entropy would be observable areas where time flowed backwards. That doesn't happen because entropy and time are related but not the same thing.
But what is entropy?
@@EduardoRodriguez-du2vd It's a measure of the number of states on the microscopic level (microstates) that give rise to a given macroscopically observable state (macrostate). If the number of microstates for a given macrostate is W, then the entropy of a system in a given state S = ln W. Since we assume all microstates are equally likely, it's effectively a measure of how probable a given macrostate is (though it's not the probability). I hope that helps, but I understand if it doesn't. Entropy is a notoriously tricky concept.
@@allanjmcpherson Ah! Thank you!
I get the impression that you are referring to the relationship between the structure formed by the microstates and the structure of the macrostate, as if they were two different things.
As a question of structure and not of energy or average energy difference in a given space (which was what my intuition told me).
Is it something just structural?
@@EduardoRodriguez-du2vd I'm not sure I understand your question exactly. I'll try to give an example. Say you have a system of two particles and the system has two units of energy that can be distributed among the two particles. The macrostate is that the system has two units of energy. There are three possible microstates. The first particle could have both units of energy. The second particle could have both units of energy. Or they could both have one. For this toy example, the entropy of the system would be ln 3 since there are three microstates that constitute the same macrkstate. Does that help?
@@allanjmcpherson Yeah. The example is useful to me.
Regarding my comment, I will try to clarify what I expressed! :)
Do you understand that entropy is a tendency, of the elements of the universe, towards a certain distribution?
That this distribution is more probable after the interactions?
Do we notice that a distribution is more probable and then consider that distribution to be more probable because we find that distribution to be more probable?
The question would be why the trend towards a certain distribution is the most probable.
Regarding the system of three elements, what I find problematic is the lack of definition of the concept of energy.
The idea that comes to mind is that the universe tends towards balance (for some reason) and that the differentiated areas force the elements to act towards balance.
Similar to what happens in the atmosphere (actually I guess exactly how it happens in the atmosphere!).
But if that were correct, why this tendency towards balance?
That is, why does the probability distribution have that tendency and not another?
Otherwise, why do statistics show a certain type of results?
I've got one high accuracy quartz (HAQ): my Bulova Lunar Pilot. So far it has been gaining 2-3 seconds per year. How is it so much more accurate than a typical quartz? 1. Thermocompensation (the onboard computer monitors the temperature & accordingly it adjusts timekeeping to minimize error). 2. Higher oscillation rate: e.g. 262,144 Hz instead of 32,768 Hz. There's more that can be done, too, such as: 3. using superior quality quartz crystals. 4. pairing each crystal with a computer that's been "programmed" with information about how _that particular crystal_ performs over a range of temperatures (Grand Seiko does this). Grand Seiko even gives you a "trimmer" in their quartz movements, allowing you to compensate for any drift as the watch ages over a period of decades or even centuries.
At this point just get an atomic clock
Hello fellow watch enthusiasts! 😂
@@vidal9747that's likely cheaper (sort of) than these novelty watches. Specialized GPS receiver chips use averaged atomic clock time to adjust ovenized quartz oscillators. You get GPS atomic clock long term accuracy with crystal short term precision. Or you could rent or buy an old HP cesium clock off fleabay. These are precise enough to show time running faster at the top of a mountain :)
@@vidal9747they're likely cheaper and WAY more accurate. None will fit on your wrist some will fit in your cargo pants. High accuracy watches use a new (for a watch) AT cut crystal. Used every where else since 1934 since they're easy to make. The pocket sized standard uses an ovenized SC cut crystal which is more stable. The crystal is nudged using a GPS chip. You get long atomic accuracy with short term crystal precision. $150-2000 ish range. $2000 and up you could get a used HP cesium clock on fleabay. Small suitcase size but accurate enough to show how time runs faster at the top of a mountain due to relativistic effects.
8:29 Random Sydney jumpscare! So strange having stock footage of a place I've actually been 😛
(That's the foot bridge between Wynyard and Barangaroo in the city)
Thanks :D I was wondering where this might be. Looks cool
It's time to say: Thanks Savannah!
Jeremy Clockson and The Sweeper would like a word.
Tick.
I have been cornered by a philosophy major at a party. He claimed he was an optimist. He intended to write the perfect philosophical treatise -- and then die. It didn't occur to him (nor me, at the time, because we were both pretty liqoured) that the root of "optimist" was "to opt", that is: to choose. And when you're dead, your options are severely limited. Those people are weird. And this observation coming from a drama major.
I don't think "optimism" has anything to do with "to opt". It simply stems from "optimal", i.e. "the best".
The similarity between "opt, option" and "optimist, optimum" seems to be an etymological coincidence.
because it’s not.
optimist comes from latin "optimus" - best
opt comes from latin "optare" - to choose
Riii-ght. You guys must be a lot of fun at parties.
@@chaunceyfeatherstone6209 they would, however, be very popular at philosophy parties! Source: I study philosophy
I knew my refusal to organize my books and video games served a purpose.
This collision of philosophy and physics has melted my mind...
Entropy eats everything. Did anyone see the never-ending story movie? This is an old reference but some of you know what i'm talking about. The nothingness is coming to eat everything
I bet the end was a mess.
I did. I still am actually
Entropy eats the past to create the future, where there is always more complexity, more creativity, more collaboration. It's evolution, but with matter and energy as the first "parents".
@@thewiseturtle This is a very cool way to think about it
I have a big ol' grandfather clock in my living room and I can attest that, at best, it might be accurate to plus or minus 30 seconds a week. (You have to wind it once a week, so that's when I reset it to match my Apple Watch). It's dependent upon *tons* of variables -- even walking past it can make it vibrate a little bit, and throw off the pendulum swinging. So it's definitely at the very low end of accuracy, and must therefore be contributing almost zero entropy to the universe. I rest easy knowing I'm not contributing to the chaos. 😂
Thanks for the information. Im a bit too tired for this to really sink in so Ill have to come back.
I feel like this is a speed of light sort of thing, that the closer we approach the speed of light (perfection of timing) the more energy (entropy) we need. How interesting!
Beautiful video
the most important clocks in high density asics are based on path length and the speed at which electrons move in that material, there's still 'clock' clocks, but things aren't really getting "smaller". timing closure happens at design time and it changes the geometry and layout so the logic works correctly at a given speed rating
Then there's life, seemingly anti-entropy until you realize it's actually helping speed entropy along.
Nice video - well organized and nicely delivered. Well done!
1:22 you got me!! I can't believe my secret is out
This is actually surprisingly accurate-ESPECIALLY in the watch world! If you buy a cheap mechanical watch with the absolute minimum number of parts required to keep track of time at all, then it’ll be very inaccurate and clunky-with minimal entropy effect. But if you buy a super high-end mechanical watch that costs thousands, then you’ll have tons of extra parts added (like extra jewels, swan neck regulators, fusee drives, etc.) that increase accuracy at the cost of added entropy. And god forbid you buy a Grand Seiko Spring Drive…hell, you’ll effectively have TWO SEPARATE WATCHES IN ONE that work together to tell time so accurate it’s second only to atomic clocks! But once again, that’s a LOT of extra parts, and therefore a TON of entropy. Not saying you shouldn’t buy one of those (it’s literally my dream watch tbh; by the way, this is not sponsored, and I don’t own one myself), but think of the entropy effect you’re creating just to get that hyper precision next time you look at one of those. Sometimes, simpler is better!
I knew it! I smelled the uncertainty principle immediately, and I was right!
Reminded of one bit from the Johannes Cabal series where he escapes a world without time by building a clock.
7:10 You think time is like a quantum particle, in the sense of the duality between position and momentum?
Wow, it's amazing that we can prove the existence of one of the primary drivers of our universe with such relatively simply apparatuses!
fascinating
Who else had System Of A Down singing *”DISORDER, DISORDER, DISOOOOORDEEEEEER!!!”* in their head at some point in the video?
Go Go Sci Show!
It's really funny to talk about making something perfect in this universe
If you tear up a book, throw it in the air and end up with two page 74's like in the illustration, try to remember how many books you tore up if the first place
Entropy is NOT "disorder"! Unless you want to redefine it, and be confused about the universe, of course. Entropy is a measure of the number of possible unique states a system can be in. Increasing entropy is essentially like zooming in on a (non repeating) fractal. The reason the future is different from the past is that the future is infinitely open (fully random into the infinite future), while the past is limited, especially your personal past (where you've only experienced some small percentage of the universe/multiverse).
SpaceTime is relative... time is relative to your motion and any gravity well you are in. Taken to its extreme since we base time and space measurements on each other (meter is how far a photon travels ~1/300,000,000 of a second and a second is when light has traveled ~300,000,000meters) and we are in a gravity well, and the gravity well is moving through space.. time is always changing.. even if you have a perfect clock you would have to question.. is it really perfect?
I know this makes me sound old, but all of the references to grandfather clocks reminded me of the old Johnny Cash song. Nice tune. If you are not familiar, i recommend that you look it up. While you're at it, look up This Land Is Your Land by Woody Guthrie. Great stuff
Evidently, one can't make a perfect thumbnail either. I think this has had a new one every 3 hours!
a lot of youtube channels change their thumbnails to test which ones get more clicks, then leave the most successful ones and use that to improve them for the future
Who came up with the phrase “Timing is everything”? William Shakespeare, in 1599, used this phrase in his play Julius Caesar.
Makes quite a bit of sense. Pretty much in everything you run into the problem of consistency over time vs. accuracy in short time. The quickest practical example is weight monitoring. You measure yourself every day and get really accurate information. But it makes no sense in the big picture, it has too much information, it's too detailed. It has way too much variables affecting it, it has variance in play that you don't even know exists. In the long time span you get quite a neat average and an idea of where you're progressing but you really can't say you have any information of where you are any given day or moment.
Or trying to picture some signal or movement visually. At some point you can measure things you don't even understand and your interest really lies in the macro picture, even though you want more accuracy and resolution. Suddenly you're measuring noise and light reflections, surface roughness and whatnot instead of the shapes or signal you're interested in.
Actually, some humans have been experiencing a phenomenon where they see very short snaps of the future, but generally psychologists write it off as something else, or people just think of them as crazy.
Philosophy PhD here, you summoned me?
There are three rates to consider. 1. The diminishing effect or draw of gravity away from the center of mass. 2. The increasing rate of time away from the center of mass. 3. The increasing measure of distance away from the center of mass. Speed is measured by time and distance which change and that changes the speed of light and causation. Distance gets longer without gravity and time goes by faster, both of which speed up causation. The light has to arrive at a farther distance faster when distance is stretched *and* time also goes by faster. *Then* there is the first thing to consider and that is the diminishing draw of gravity which means things eventually slow down the farther away they are from the center mass of a galaxy. (It's not complicated.) 😎
Maybe we are already experiencing time in reverse as a matter of sanity-preservation, to avoid confronting the troubling reality of the future where we will each shrink down to a tiny size and fall into a watery womb, etc.
Could Fermi's paradox be explained by intelligent life requiring so much order that it creates an entropic bubble large enough to envelope large portions of, or even entire galaxies?
Being stuck on the word "Law" hampers the explanation of physics. That word stems from a time when teleology was important in the learned halls of the academy. And mathematics is (in part) a language and while physicists use that language it is important to remember that equations (or relationships, mathematically) are used to _represent_ reality, and that mathematics is *NOT* the determiner of reality.
When scientists talk about there being fewer ordered states than unordered states, how is "ordered" defined? Like sweeping up the pages sorted ascending is ordered, but which sequences are disordered. Would having all of the prime number pages arrive at the end be considered ordered or unordered? For almost any sequence, you could probably define a human-intuitive pattern that describes it if you're clever enough. The fraction of ordered patterns doesn't seem like it should be so human-centric. So how rare is finding an ordered pattern?
P so Q is not equivalent to Q so P. You can't get an arrow of time from the 2nd law of Thermodynamics, you only get the arrow of Entropy. Also sounds like clocking making has reached the uncertainty principle.
Okay...now my brain hurts...and I will probably think and dream about this for a while.
awesomeness is a beautiful emotion 🎉😂
So this explains why over the 365 days the clock on the wall is almost 10 minutes slow. I ran a test last year two clocks one I kept correcting on the 1st day of the month and the other one I left alone.
So essentially we should worry less about what time it is, or is, and enjoy the current time we have that we have now because we are making more chaos for the universe and us. ⏰
This could also maybe explain why time seems to go faster the older we get. Maybe our brains are trying to make the perfect internal clock.
Furthermore, the more precise the clock, the more sensitive it will be to factors like gravity and acceleration. When we get to colonize other planets, il will be very difficult to synchronize anything.
Wow, kind of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, but for clocks
8:00 The Infinity Hotel cannot have Room Service.
3:30 How does that even make sense? "By counting the number of ticks and multiplying by the INTERVAL OF TIME between two ticks, you know how much time has passed." To make a clock to measure time, you need a clock to measure time, which needs a clock to measure time... ad infinitum? I mean you need to know how much time has passed in that interval between two ticks, this is circular AF.
Need that Laplace/Maxwell demon timing
How does me, arranging the books on my shelf, making them more orderly, add entropy to the universe?
You can actually measure a difference in altitude of meters using atomic clocks. Time flows slower when you are lower because there is less gravity from earth. So, you have a measurable effect in the most precise clocks depending on height. This is bizarre. Furthermore, entropy only shows where time points. It doesn't slow or reverse time. When entropy gets lower in part of a system, that part does not go back in time.
Fascinating! But I don't understand exactly what entropy is. Every particle is heading toward fusion or fission at the rate energy is being fed to them or being taken away from them. And everything is relative to the state of the observer. The only real constant that exists is change. This means that no matter how accurate you can make a clock to be, it will only be accurate for that particular moment in time, within a controlled set of variables, for that particular observer. Because atoms vibrate slower, the more momentum it has, which results in time-mass dialation. But what exactly is entropy? If you drop and crack an egg, entropy. But, at the same time, as the shell smashes against the floor, there will be calcium particles that, through impact, that will move an energy level closer to strontium. So, climbing up the periodic table is more entropy. What about fission. All that stored fusion energy is exerted and lost thermally, while the atoms that are spewed out move down a notch in the atomic chain. So, fission itself is anti-entropic, while its effects are entropic?
If the problem is not having an accurate rate of people toward the door, how can you have an accurate rate of door openings and closings? If you have an accurate door, just use THAT as your clock.
Basically regardless of your time span only a set amount of intervals can be counted accurately before something throws the system off and if you chose a shorter time span it'll happen faster.
SciShow, Yay! I liked this video so much, it made me smile!
My digital clock refuses to stay at the correct time and you could say that it ticks me off.
The laws of physics are time symmetric because physicists don't like inequalities. If you write all the laws as equations, they will be symmetric. The few laws that are inequalities, like the 2nd law of thermodynamics, are the ones that seem to give time a direction. Find more laws that are inequalities and physics will seem less time symmetric.
The most prominently shown clock @ 2:33 has badly misaligned hands.
I guess it's not true that a stopped clock is right twice a day, because that one is never right.
I feel like people get bogged down on this law, when in reality they are missing out on the more important in my opinion,
Just cuse you shovel gravel from one pile to another doesn’t mean you have destroyed that matter. you have simply caused entropy or disorder in another location in space time.
The universe isn’t a simulation…. No, no, no! It is a CLOCK. Someone just REALLY wanted to measure time
I'm still working on understanding certain aspects of Thermal Dynamics. I'm comfortable with the Relativity's, but Thermal Dynamics can give me a bit of a brain hurt 🤣. Love the channel and subscribed emedietly when I found it a few days ago. Keep em coming please! 🤘😎🖖🇨🇦🕊️
Clocks would hate opossums
Ok, but how do we know that whatever we use for a clock or a filter is ticking at regular intervals?
I’d go as far to say that it isn’t just “like” the uncertainty principle. It literally is another incarnation of its effects.
We dreamt up time to make sense of our ever changing world, and to track the flow of events within it. We invented time-keeping to facilitate that need. Rigorous optimization, research, with significant technological advancement, and a pursuit for constant improvement have revealed that time-keeping isn’t simply a measurement of time, but a measurement of systematic responses and analysis of multiple different qualities that together create the appearance of time. So we aren’t measuring “time” anymore. We’re measuring this “resolution” and “accuracy” on a scale so minute and precise that we have inevitably touched upon the latent uncertainty of our universal observations. And while we can measure a system’s qualities to extreme precision in one respect, uncertainty dictates we are left with zero understanding of its other qualities, meaning we will only discover the measurements we were searching for, irregardless of the evolving reality of the constituents within said system/measurement.
This video really "ticked" me off. 😁
Side note:
Yep... I'm going to have to go listen to Toxicity by System Of A Down after this ... I heard "disorder" too many times and it triggered the ADHD squirrel. 😂
I believe I have witnessed the conservstion of entropy, and when displaced, entropy proagates outward with 1/R squared losses from the point of origin.
I really like to watch videos about entropy.
2:00 Technically, the page turns will be fine, as the pages are printed back to back. It's the left page tot he right page that'll be problematic.
Nope, If page 1-2 is on page two, a page turn will bring you to 1, which is not fine.
@@CorwynGC You bested me. I pay fealty to you.
Me: cuddles my cat
Physicists: EnTroPy!!!
Time is relative, it would take otherwordly hardware since it would need to do constant calculation and synchronization of the speed and position in space of both you and the point of reference "at all times"
You can actually measure a difference in altitude of meters using atomic clocks. Time flows slower when you are lower because there is less gravity from earth. So, you have a measurable effect in the most precise clocks depending on height. This is bizarre. Furthermore, entropy only shows where time points. It doesn't slow or reverse time. When entropy gets lower in part of a system, that part does not go back in time.
You are saying resolution comes at the expense of accuracy, however what happens if you just line up a bunch of attoclocks? Wouldn't that have both high accuracy and resolution? I know that would be a ridiculous big clock and is that a layman explanation of the fact we don't have infinite resources, as such a big clock would increase entropy a lot?
time issues are insane
this brings an interesting question, is the uncertainty principle quantum mechanical or purely statistical mechanical.
So they did an osha hearing test for accuracy of time in a way.
I dont get why adding more moving parts increases entropy of a watch. I also dont get how entropy is "produced" - sounds like energy being used; you know what I mean?
Attoclock? Is that what Bilbo Baggins would have called a mechanical spider had he met one? I think that I'm becoming a geeky tomnoddy!
I thought there was a new set with a chair, at least the past bunch of videos used it, but now you're back to the green background and standing up. Or was this recorded before the set change?
Quick clarification: from what I've learned in computer science at least, entropy can also be described as a measure of the size of the set that contains all possible states of a system. The bigger the set, the greater its entropy
Of the smallest set* but I got your point.
Ticks!
Biology is super super accurate and stuff
As a horology enthusiast, at 0:16 I'm quite perturbed by a video taken at the same as (or a multiple of) the frequency of the escapement wheel.
Yikes! At 2:34, far more upsetting is that the clock in the center has the hour hand pointing directly at an hour when the minute hand is pointing at the 6. How did you even get that wrong?!
can't we just make an accurate atomic clock (eg to microseconds) by combining an atomic clock, for the longer time scales, and possibly a piezoelectric clock, for the short time frames? that way the atomic clock pulses are really averaged out, and used to keep the piezoelectric clock in sync
Can you build a clock has high resolution and high accuracy? NO!
Experimental physicists: Hummm ... Challenge accepted!
Summary of the video: Uncertainty principle.
So can or can't one postpone the inevitable heat death of the universe by chilling?
I thought time was calibrated by how fast a photon traveling through a vaccum at a given distance was or something.