If you didn't mention the lack of a script, we wouldn't have even thought about it. Plus, you know so much about the subjects, your organic presentation is, for me anyway, easier to process because it's conversational.
It is wonderful to have a factual source of information from a recognized authority on the subject of underwater technology. Thank you. Please keep up the great work.
@@kelinrkp Wikipedia describes several types of AIP but is fairly bare of references, which makes sense as I'd expect everybody to be keeping their own special blend a secret.
@@kelinrkp Clue is in the name. It is propulsion and power without surface air and also not being nuclear powered as that would render it obsolete. And given that the batteries dont last as long as one would like without recharging, that would need surface air.
Not mentioned are radioisotope power systems. The General Purpose Heat Source module, or GPHS, is the essential building block for the radioisotope generators used by NASA. These modules contain and protect the plutonium-238 (or Pu-238) fuel that gives off heat for producing electricity. The fuel is fabricated into ceramic pellets of plutonium-238 oxide (238PuO2) and encapsulated in a protective casing of iridium, forming a fueled clad. Fueled clads are encased within nested layers of carbon-based material and placed within an aeroshell housing to comprise the complete GPHS module. There are proposals out there to use these as an AIP power source. The GPHS modules would have to be carried outside of the pressure hull where seawater becomes their radiation shield just as seawater was used to shield the reactor on the NR-1 nuclear mini-sub.
The original "AIP" submarine was the Ictineo II built by a Spanish engineer around the time of the American Civil War. The Ictineo's power system was based on s chemical process that produced oxygen as a by-product providing air for the crew as well. The vessel was also the first double hull dsesign, amazingly built of wood, and capable of powered operation to a depth 90 feet.
@@Thadude701 When I first read about the Ictineo II I came to suspect that Jules Verne might have modeled his _Nautilus_ on it. The Ictineo II actually had two propulsion systems - one, air breathing for the surface and a chemical, oxygen emitting power system for submerged activity.
The German Type212A traversed from Germany to Spain submerged for 14 days straight without surfacing or snorkeling. Given what you said about the need to ventilate the boat, I wonder whether that was just clever wording (as in we didn't snorkel to recharge the batteries) or whether they have a work around.
They could burn oxygen candles to extend their duration, though it's not exactly a permanent solution. There are only 27 people on board a Type 212 sub too, so there aren't that many to use up the oxygen.
I took part in the construction of the first two U212 for the Italian Navy (classe Todaro).. according to what peeps told me those subs are virtually impossible to find when running on fuel cell, they did some testing and they found out they are quieter than nuclear powered subs.. sure, they are smaller and the amount of machinery is reduced, with amount in total noise reduction.. but they really are confident to be able to do their business and sneak away uncaught... thanks for the amazing video
It not really hard to be quieter than a nuclear sub, a nuclear sub can switch from steam turbine to e-motor, but it cant just turn of the reactor. A U-boat like the Typ 212 can shut off everything
Battery power has no reactor or pump noise for the cooling circuit. A modern diesel boat is quieter, mechanically speaking, than a nuclear powered vessel…but the type of hull and coating may be noisier for a diesel boat.
I really like the ‘unscripted’ nature of your presentations because you retain a fact-filled, cogent, and coherent narrative that does not wander aimlessly and yet retains a conversational tone, very listenable and easily ‘digested’. Please do not slick the channel up with scripting. Its not needed. Your graphics and cutaways are great, and are the only ‘icing’ this rewarding cake of a channel needed to be a satisfying treat at every offering. Bravo sir, well done! I have learned a lot here and it has kindled a renewed interest in a subject i thought i had learned enough about. I am happy to to say that i was mistaken! 👍🏼
A lot of good information here, calmly presented. I'm a submarine nerd, so there. A tip for recording audio, for recording training videos I use a mid-range gaming headset with a boom mic. Not too expensive, and it eliminates the room echo which helps people who have English as a second language. Looking forward to more videos!
Love this content! Keep it coming. Great to have good content like this from such a knowledgeable source. Seen lots of reports on your stuff from Sub Brief. I never knew about the hydrogen peroxide step and the energy density of lithium batteries
Thanks for making this. A suggestion: Please move the mic closer to your mouth, as when it is not close, the room acoustics quickly muddy your voice, and it becomes necessary for some of us to turn on subtitles. Thanks again.
Greece actually build 3 AIP subs (Type 214) with german AIP like others and troubleshoot and modify/repaired the first one of the class build in kiel. (it had ballast balance problems because of an inadequate pumps) also retrofitted a 209 with the german AIP. (Skaramanga Shipyard at athens) As far as i currently know the shipyard at skaramanga, athens still has the capability for building/service/repair/modify them (209s,212s,214s) but not the management, clients or funds.
Your videos are like a great movie: I need to see them a few times and then I'm rewinding to catch what I missed the first time. The fact that You're "winging it" is remarkable. Thanks
When one is as knowledgeable and passionate about their content, such as yourself. Writing a script would take away from your enthusiasm and passion, explaining things you love! Thank you for sharing your passion with us!!
It is exactly the other way round. The AIP system is not used to power the motor directly. In case of the fuel cell system you need to power the batteri. Specialy because the output of the fuell cell can not be changed. You need to run it on the same output to have full efficency. So you couldn't adjust the power output to the demand of the motor. That is why you use the battteri as a buffer.
Canada's recent Canadian Patrol Submarine Project (CPSP) is expected to have an AIP requirement with fisrt 'off-the-shelf" or MOTS submarine to be delivered around 2035.
Very good work sir! I think you are one of the very few wonk/geek influencers that doesn’t require a script. I’m so influenced I’m going to start using MS Paint and get my high end art career going!
Thank you for the video. I loved the narco sub vid as well. Any strange or lesser know sub or sub type would be my suggestion but I think I'll watch anything you make.
The best style and content version of any military hardware videos on utube. Wish we had more of this . Keep it up I’m so sure you will be top of your group.
I’ve watched one video of yours and have subscribed, this was a very good presentation. Speaking as someone who does a fair amount of public speaking, I like your “semi-scripted” approach. Granted it’s how I usually do it, so perhaps I am not fully impartial! Whenever speaking on a topic that you have a solid command of (like you do here) making an outline to organize, and if necessary remind you of your key points, helps keep a relaxed and conversational tone. For instance, I was very engaged the entire and the video felt much shorter than 23 minutes. Of course, everyone is different, and if you would feel more comfortable scripting it all out, I’d say go for it. Cheers!
Very good effort for a non-scripted effort. Also not rattling off ten to the dozen, (fast speech) is a very good and viewer-appreciated choice. You should consider monetising your videos if you want more exposure by TH-cam. Just have one advert and TH-cam might simply just match it. I think you qualify for monetisation with your viewers count. All the best and good luck .. again good video .. although needs more meat to fully satisfy Engineers!
Very much enjoyed the video. Might I suggest some sound dampening on the walls / hard surfaces for that wee echo, and those page turns. Everything else was perfect! Great presentation.
I love your expertise as well as how you present your material. I've learned a lot from you and your biggest fan, Aaron. Please, please keep up your videos, they are very informative
There's a very old tech called a tromp. Originally used to generate compressed air for use in early blast furnaces... Column of water flowing down a vertical pipe at sufficent speed that water bubbles are pulled down the water column. As the bubbles descend they are compressed to the pressure of water at that depth. Somewhat akin to cavitation, but the bubbles don't collapse, only shrink.. If the pipe then goes horizontal, or into a separator tank, the air wants to rise to be at top of tank/pipe. I'm thinking a snorkel through which a mix of water and air bubbles was sucked down to a submerged sub, would work as an air compressor. The compressed air could be fed to an oxygen concentrator and then into compressed gas tanks.
Just a bit of trivia I have read: The peroxide (Walther) power plants were really good but as you said they tended to explode when mixed with seawater. They also had issues with range as they use a lot of Peroxide and the Peroxide was rather corrosive and tended to eat through the tanks (return to the first sentence). The German Type 21 was the most advanced submarine in the world at the end of WW2 and was originally designed to run on Walther engines but the design was converted to diesel electric due to the delays in developing the Walther units. Even so, the Type 21 was so good that for years after the war, foreign powers were going around salvaging scuttled 21s and reconditioning them for use or evaluation. Most immediate post-war submarine designs were based on the Type 21 German design. Had it not been for the delays in developing the Walther units the Type 21 may have entered the war much earlier and that would have been really bad for the Allies. BTW: If China can steal the technology they you can bet they are 'working on it'.
It would had change almost nothing, they converted the plans for the Typ XVIII to the Typ XXI in less than 3 month and when they start to build the Typ XXI the both Typ XVIII prototyps wherer still not finish, so even without the delay, the serial constuction of the Typ XVIII would have started at around the same time the construction of the Typ XXI started. Also the peroxide should be stored in large rubber bags between the inner and outer hull, so corrosion of the tanks would be a problem.
So, basically, use your batteries as less as possible to conserve battery power, so that if high speed maneuvers, chasing warships is reqd, batteries are there. Meanwhile you lurk around the region with AIP because AIP provides just enough power to loiter around. As soon as you require power, switch to batteries.
This is the first public "AIP explainers" I've heard that accurately outlines the considerations around using AIP to charge batteries: It's an inefficient way to operate at low speed and therefore not often done, but may be necessary in a pinch if the batteries are depleted and the sub commander recognizes a need to go fast before they have an opportunity to snorkel again. So for example if a sub ran its batteries down while disengaging at high speed after an attack, but wanted to be able to reengage in the future (again at high speed) without first giving its position away by snorkeling, then it might make tactical sense to charge the batteries from AIP in the interim.
A low powered glider mode has always interested me. By moving a cylinder in the bow forward and back requires little power. By taking in water then push it out allows the sub to accend and dive . The sub would be silent as it rises and dives . By doing this the sub would move forward through the water. Rise over run . I made a glider sub model in school that would stop and charge it's batteries by solar energy. It may not be practical in a military environment but one could travel the world in a diy personal sub. I have always wondered why no one has ever done this? Just a thought.
The Swedish boats are designed for the shallow waters and greater salinity of the Baltic Sea. They are not deep diving boats and not fast either. Their acoustic properties are tailored to the salinity and density of the Baltic. That may not be ideal in the Pacific or even the North Atlantic.
The apex predator is a nuclear attack sub. They have unlimited mobility, vastly higher underwater speeds and more power for much more powerful sensors. An AIP sub is more of an ambush predator. It is great for barrier ops where it can hang out silently on AIP for an extended period of time waiting for the prey to come to them but they lack the speed and range to chase fast surface forces in blue water.
Until the advent of Nuclear Power and AIP - true submarines didn’t exist. They were submersibles - they were required to spend a considerable amount of time on the surface charging batteries.
About 20 years ago we started using small unmanned submarines for sea floor mapping these submarines neede to go much deeper than military submarines are capable of going. We used aluminum fuel cells with KOH and HP. This fuel cell did require a pressure housing because it ran at ambient pressure and temperature. As soon as lithium battery technology advanced enough to have a reasonable power density and safety factor, we switched from fuel cells. A huge factor in the power density was the fact that these lithium batteries did not require a pressure housing either. They also functioned at the near freezing temperatures 4.5Km below the ocean.
The Germans used hydrogen peroxide to fuel the ME 162 Komet. The Komet had a phenomenal rate of climb and achieved terrific speeds, but the fuel was dangerous. In one of many non-combat 162 crashes, the fuel cell ruptured, pouring the liquid onto the pilot. In a matter of minutes, before he could be pulled from the wreck, the fuel partially dissolved his body.
These are sea stories. The outcomes of any exercise are always classified and never released to the public. If something can conceivably sink an aircraft carrier the Navy is not going to make a public announcement. Also in real life it takes a lot of torpedoes to sink an aircraft carrier. Find out how many of those big powerful Long Lance torpedoes it took to sink Yorktown and Hornet during WWII. They were a fifth of the displacement of a Nimitz. Nimitz has a lot of classified underwater torpedo protection. That much is known because several years ago there was an unclassified solicitation to come up with ways to correct the slight starboard list of early units of the Nimitz class. In that solicitation there is mention of an underwater protection system with hints that how far down the ship sits in the water affects how effective that protection system is. One or two torpedoes will certainly do damage but probably not sink it and the launch sub is now going to be hunted into extinction. I'm an old SH-3 pilot and can say with some authority that two helicopters with dipping sonars, MAD and torpedoes are going to find and sink a sub.
I once knew a guy who "pixeled" together images by zooming in all the way on a white canvas in mspaint, then placing all individual pixels for a photo-realistic result (for 1998 ...). Your mspaint skills, Sir, are at least on par :D
With all the heat generated around the boats from electronics and atmosphere controls (CO-H2 burners, CO2 scrubbers O2 generators, heaters for ventilation) it would seem putting small sterling engines around the boat would be effecient. The O2 generators currently discharge hydrogen overboard but could be stored in external tanks to use. Lots of possibilities for different AIP on subs. Good video, thanks for making.
Ask the american navy how deadly Conventional submarines are. they still have nightmares what swedish and dutch submarines did in the past 30 years against nuclear subs and carrier fleets.
I didn't know we countries were using Stirling Engines for AIP Subs. Stirling Engines have always fascinated me. I had no idea they produced enough work to be useful to run electrics in a Submarine.
Do you have an awesome amount of knowledge on the subject concerning submarines and all that you do on here. Really is awesome to learn about , I generally am not as informed of the navy aspects . Thank you for all bro , I am on i think the 4th or 5th of yours in a row now ! cheers from USA Edit; if you don’t mind answering, may I ask how old you are currently? I just ask only because I am 30 and I feel like you sound between my age and slightly younger perhaps ? Lol I just like to know if others my age are doing this and learning about what they didn’t know prior to clicking your thumbnail 😎
Great video my hillbilly friend. I use to play with an AIP submarine when I was a child in the bathtub. It was very efficient and deadly to my brother. Now he has nuclear so I no longer play with him.
Your 'free' style of speaking is more akin to a uni lecture and a very easy on the ears.
If you didn't mention the lack of a script, we wouldn't have even thought about it. Plus, you know so much about the subjects, your organic presentation is, for me anyway, easier to process because it's conversational.
speak for your self
It is wonderful to have a factual source of information from a recognized authority on the subject of underwater technology. Thank you. Please keep up the great work.
Would be even better if we were told what AIP is, not what the letters stand for, but what it is.
@@kelinrkp Wikipedia describes several types of AIP but is fairly bare of references, which makes sense as I'd expect everybody to be keeping their own special blend a secret.
I feel exactly the same way. A true educator.
@@kelinrkp Clue is in the name. It is propulsion and power without surface air and also not being nuclear powered as that would render it obsolete. And given that the batteries dont last as long as one would like without recharging, that would need surface air.
@@kelinrkp Did you just not watch the video. 6:28
When I was on the USS PUFFER SSN 652, we sank the USS KITTY HAWK CV 63 three times during exercises in 1975.
There are submarines…and there are targets.
I liked the expertise, the calm lack of hype, especially there was no anxious sound track music
Not mentioned are radioisotope power systems. The General Purpose Heat Source module, or GPHS, is the essential building block for the radioisotope generators used by NASA. These modules contain and protect the plutonium-238 (or Pu-238) fuel that gives off heat for producing electricity. The fuel is fabricated into ceramic pellets of plutonium-238 oxide (238PuO2) and encapsulated in a protective casing of iridium, forming a fueled clad. Fueled clads are encased within nested layers of carbon-based material and placed within an aeroshell housing to comprise the complete GPHS module. There are proposals out there to use these as an AIP power source. The GPHS modules would have to be carried outside of the pressure hull where seawater becomes their radiation shield just as seawater was used to shield the reactor on the NR-1 nuclear mini-sub.
The original "AIP" submarine was the Ictineo II built by a Spanish engineer around the time of the American Civil War. The Ictineo's power system was based on s chemical process that produced oxygen as a by-product providing air for the crew as well. The vessel was also the first double hull dsesign, amazingly built of wood, and capable of powered operation to a depth 90 feet.
I do not remember that sub in submarine school,but there it is.
@@Thadude701 When I first read about the Ictineo II I came to suspect that Jules Verne might have modeled his _Nautilus_ on it. The Ictineo II actually had two propulsion systems - one, air breathing for the surface and a chemical, oxygen emitting power system for submerged activity.
Wow
I think there is a copy of it on shore near the cruise ship harbour in Barcalonia. Can't believe it's not more important!
The German Type212A traversed from Germany to Spain submerged for 14 days straight without surfacing or snorkeling. Given what you said about the need to ventilate the boat, I wonder whether that was just clever wording (as in we didn't snorkel to recharge the batteries) or whether they have a work around.
I can see why the Walter turbine powered submarines appeared to be such a radical leap forward for submarines.
They could burn oxygen candles to extend their duration, though it's not exactly a permanent solution. There are only 27 people on board a Type 212 sub too, so there aren't that many to use up the oxygen.
212As carry LOX.
LOX and CO2 scrubbers.
the 212 doesn't need to ventilate. It has CO2 cleaner and the refresh the air with oxigen from the fuel cell system.
Thanks for the comprehensive presentation
That jolly gentleman from The Sub Brief sent me, great work Mr Sutton.
I took part in the construction of the first two U212 for the Italian Navy (classe Todaro).. according to what peeps told me those subs are virtually impossible to find when running on fuel cell, they did some testing and they found out they are quieter than nuclear powered subs.. sure, they are smaller and the amount of machinery is reduced, with amount in total noise reduction.. but they really are confident to be able to do their business and sneak away uncaught... thanks for the amazing video
It not really hard to be quieter than a nuclear sub, a nuclear sub can switch from steam turbine to e-motor, but it cant just turn of the reactor.
A U-boat like the Typ 212 can shut off everything
Battery power has no reactor or pump noise for the cooling circuit.
A modern diesel boat is quieter, mechanically speaking, than a nuclear powered vessel…but the type of hull and coating may be noisier for a diesel boat.
@@wolf310iiI think you mean turn *off not turn of.
AIP subs are the kings of the shallows. You don’t want to mess with them in them in the littorals.
Very good. Very organized. Concise. Comprehensive. Thank you.
I want to echo Joel’s comments. Thought I knew a fair amount and realize how little I knew. That was very informative.
It's refreshing to have a real person do it & not cold, & often things are said wrong AI .. Thumbs up from me..
Knew about AIP but never really understood it till I saw this video so thanks Mr Sutton looking forward to more both on ur website and this channel
It's Dr Sutton
I really like the ‘unscripted’ nature of your presentations because you retain a fact-filled, cogent, and coherent narrative that does not wander aimlessly and yet retains a conversational tone, very listenable and easily ‘digested’.
Please do not slick the channel up with scripting. Its not needed. Your graphics and cutaways are great, and are the only ‘icing’ this rewarding cake of a channel needed to be a satisfying treat at every offering. Bravo sir, well done! I have learned a lot here and it has kindled a renewed interest in a subject i thought i had learned enough about. I am happy to to say that i was mistaken! 👍🏼
A lot of good information here, calmly presented. I'm a submarine nerd, so there.
A tip for recording audio, for recording training videos I use a mid-range gaming headset with a boom mic. Not too expensive, and it eliminates the room echo which helps people who have English as a second language.
Looking forward to more videos!
In the late 80s, I read about research into Stirling engines for powering submarines. It took a while, but it's fun to see it finally taking off.
Thank you for explaining AIP pros and cons in an understandable manner!
Your cut-aways are beautiful by the way. Thank you for adding them in your talks.
This is Good Stuff . The Jive Turkey brought me here . Hope you don't mind.
Finally somebody who can explain a topic ... Thank you we are NoT engineers... Thank you again
Very well narrated
Love this content! Keep it coming. Great to have good content like this from such a knowledgeable source. Seen lots of reports on your stuff from Sub Brief. I never knew about the hydrogen peroxide step and the energy density of lithium batteries
H I Sutton is a true legend. Like all your content.
Thanks for making this. A suggestion: Please move the mic closer to your mouth, as when it is not close, the room acoustics quickly muddy your voice, and it becomes necessary for some of us to turn on subtitles. Thanks again.
Ms Paint?! You have to be the best Ms Paint artist I've seen.
Greece actually build 3 AIP subs (Type 214) with german AIP like others and troubleshoot and modify/repaired the first one of the class build in kiel. (it had ballast balance problems because of an inadequate pumps) also retrofitted a 209 with the german AIP. (Skaramanga Shipyard at athens)
As far as i currently know the shipyard at skaramanga, athens still has the capability for building/service/repair/modify them (209s,212s,214s) but not the management, clients or funds.
Your videos are like a great movie: I need to see them a few times and then I'm rewinding to catch what I missed the first time. The fact that You're "winging it" is remarkable.
Thanks
Thanks for the explanation on how the modern AIP is used! It makes a lot more sense now.
Greets from Scandinavia! Nice!
You are a very good speaker and educator, Mr Sutton. Thank you.
I dig your videos. They're informative and not over the top. Really works for me.
Hello Mr Sutton, please do keep them coming. There's definitely an audience for this!
When one is as knowledgeable and passionate about their content, such as yourself. Writing a script would take away from your enthusiasm and passion, explaining things you love!
Thank you for sharing your passion with us!!
Very nicely explained with accuracy.
Very impressive! I had no real concept how AIP worked. I really appreciate the information. Thanks
I also thought I knew more! Thanks for all the info!
It is exactly the other way round. The AIP system is not used to power the motor directly. In case of the fuel cell system you need to power the batteri. Specialy because the output of the fuell cell can not be changed. You need to run it on the same output to have full efficency. So you couldn't adjust the power output to the demand of the motor. That is why you use the battteri as a buffer.
Canada's recent Canadian Patrol Submarine Project (CPSP) is expected to have an AIP requirement with fisrt 'off-the-shelf" or MOTS submarine to be delivered around 2035.
Very interesting topic. Thanks.
Very good work sir! I think you are one of the very few wonk/geek influencers that doesn’t require a script. I’m so influenced I’m going to start using MS Paint and get my high end art career going!
Really well done.
Nice video, I love your website as well!
he's always interesting
Thank you for the video. I loved the narco sub vid as well. Any strange or lesser know sub or sub type would be my suggestion but I think I'll watch anything you make.
Loving the content! Keep em' coming.
Consider investing in a more quality microphone as well. Will make it easier to listen. Thanks
was thinking the same
The best style and content version of any military hardware videos on utube. Wish we had more of this . Keep it up I’m so sure you will be top of your group.
I’ve watched one video of yours and have subscribed, this was a very good presentation. Speaking as someone who does a fair amount of public speaking, I like your “semi-scripted” approach. Granted it’s how I usually do it, so perhaps I am not fully impartial! Whenever speaking on a topic that you have a solid command of (like you do here) making an outline to organize, and if necessary remind you of your key points, helps keep a relaxed and conversational tone. For instance, I was very engaged the entire and the video felt much shorter than 23 minutes.
Of course, everyone is different, and if you would feel more comfortable scripting it all out, I’d say go for it.
Cheers!
Great video! Informative and well done.
Very good effort for a non-scripted effort. Also not rattling off ten to the dozen, (fast speech) is a very good and viewer-appreciated choice. You should consider monetising your videos if you want more exposure by TH-cam. Just have one advert and TH-cam might simply just match it. I think you qualify for monetisation with your viewers count. All the best and good luck .. again good video .. although needs more meat to fully satisfy Engineers!
Very much enjoyed the video. Might I suggest some sound dampening on the walls / hard surfaces for that wee echo, and those page turns. Everything else was perfect! Great presentation.
I love your expertise as well as how you present your material. I've learned a lot from you and your biggest fan, Aaron. Please, please keep up your videos, they are very informative
There's a very old tech called a tromp. Originally used to generate compressed air for use in early blast furnaces... Column of water flowing down a vertical pipe at sufficent speed that water bubbles are pulled down the water column. As the bubbles descend they are compressed to the pressure of water at that depth. Somewhat akin to cavitation, but the bubbles don't collapse, only shrink.. If the pipe then goes horizontal, or into a separator tank, the air wants to rise to be at top of tank/pipe.
I'm thinking a snorkel through which a mix of water and air bubbles was sucked down to a submerged sub, would work as an air compressor. The compressed air could be fed to an oxygen concentrator and then into compressed gas tanks.
Thanks for the overview!
More videos please.... likely this chabbel is old but not frequent upload
My dream was to be a submariner. However, I’m 6’5”. To tall. Went army. Still love the technology and like channels like this that clearly explain it.
I'm 6' 3". I bumped my head several times but I survived.
We had a 6' 8" Torpedo man on the USS PUFFER SSN 652. Naturally, his nick name was Tiny. You would have fit into a submarine with no problem.
Enjoyable and informative video. Thanks Mr Sutton.
Very nice presentation. I hope to see more about uncrewed submarines soon.
Good review, thanks!
Excellent analysis.
Just a bit of trivia I have read: The peroxide (Walther) power plants were really good but as you said they tended to explode when mixed with seawater. They also had issues with range as they use a lot of Peroxide and the Peroxide was rather corrosive and tended to eat through the tanks (return to the first sentence). The German Type 21 was the most advanced submarine in the world at the end of WW2 and was originally designed to run on Walther engines but the design was converted to diesel electric due to the delays in developing the Walther units. Even so, the Type 21 was so good that for years after the war, foreign powers were going around salvaging scuttled 21s and reconditioning them for use or evaluation. Most immediate post-war submarine designs were based on the Type 21 German design. Had it not been for the delays in developing the Walther units the Type 21 may have entered the war much earlier and that would have been really bad for the Allies.
BTW: If China can steal the technology they you can bet they are 'working on it'.
It would had change almost nothing, they converted the plans for the Typ XVIII to the Typ XXI in less than 3 month and when they start to build the Typ XXI the both Typ XVIII prototyps wherer still not finish, so even without the delay, the serial constuction of the Typ XVIII would have started at around the same time the construction of the Typ XXI started.
Also the peroxide should be stored in large rubber bags between the inner and outer hull, so corrosion of the tanks would be a problem.
In its newest submarines Japan stopped using AIP because the modern batteries have a lot more endurance so AIP wasn't needed anymore.
I appreciate your videos very much. Thank you.
Great video. Appreciated.
The chapter list you incorporate is really a great feature !!!
So, basically, use your batteries as less as possible to conserve battery power, so that if high speed maneuvers, chasing warships is reqd, batteries are there. Meanwhile you lurk around the region with AIP because AIP provides just enough power to loiter around. As soon as you require power, switch to batteries.
Very informative and interesting , thank you for posting !
Great info, I really enjoy your coverage of the material
This is the first public "AIP explainers" I've heard that accurately outlines the considerations around using AIP to charge batteries: It's an inefficient way to operate at low speed and therefore not often done, but may be necessary in a pinch if the batteries are depleted and the sub commander recognizes a need to go fast before they have an opportunity to snorkel again.
So for example if a sub ran its batteries down while disengaging at high speed after an attack, but wanted to be able to reengage in the future (again at high speed) without first giving its position away by snorkeling, then it might make tactical sense to charge the batteries from AIP in the interim.
Hi, I wondered over here from Sub Brief. Keep it up, I’m enjoying your content.
Ditto here! Sub Brief and other sources.
Sub Brief brought me here. Thank you for the fascinating content.
A low powered glider mode has always interested me. By moving a cylinder in the bow forward and back requires little power. By taking in water then push it out allows the sub to accend and dive . The sub would be silent as it rises and dives . By doing this the sub would move forward through the water. Rise over run .
I made a glider sub model in school that would stop and charge it's batteries by solar energy. It may not be practical in a military environment but one could travel the world in a diy personal sub. I have always wondered why no one has ever done this? Just a thought.
Love this stuff man keep it up!
Great information, great graphics, easy to understand. Thank you sir
Am I the only one that was impressed as shit that those cutaways are done in MS paint?
That's crazy.
Sounds like the Swedish submarines would be worth an extensive video, also interesting the various incidents with Russians ?
The Swedish boats are designed for the shallow waters and greater salinity of the Baltic Sea. They are not deep diving boats and not fast either. Their acoustic properties are tailored to the salinity and density of the Baltic. That may not be ideal in the Pacific or even the North Atlantic.
The apex predator is a nuclear attack sub. They have unlimited mobility, vastly higher underwater speeds and more power for much more powerful sensors. An AIP sub is more of an ambush predator. It is great for barrier ops where it can hang out silently on AIP for an extended period of time waiting for the prey to come to them but they lack the speed and range to chase fast surface forces in blue water.
Until the advent of Nuclear Power and AIP - true submarines didn’t exist. They were submersibles - they were required to spend a considerable amount of time on the surface charging batteries.
"air" trips some people up -- atmospheric independent power is a better fit.
Thank you very much for making this video. I value your videos & website very much.
Love the video format by the way!👌
Great job!!
About 20 years ago we started using small unmanned submarines for sea floor mapping these submarines neede to go much deeper than military submarines are capable of going. We used aluminum fuel cells with KOH and HP. This fuel cell did require a pressure housing because it ran at ambient pressure and temperature. As soon as lithium battery technology advanced enough to have a reasonable power density and safety factor, we switched from fuel cells. A huge factor in the power density was the fact that these lithium batteries did not require a pressure housing either. They also functioned at the near freezing temperatures 4.5Km below the ocean.
The Germans used hydrogen peroxide to fuel the ME 162 Komet. The Komet had a phenomenal rate of climb and achieved terrific speeds, but the fuel was dangerous. In one of many non-combat 162 crashes, the fuel cell ruptured, pouring the liquid onto the pilot. In a matter of minutes, before he could be pulled from the wreck, the fuel partially dissolved his body.
Very interesting and informative, as expected. Actually learned lots of new things, appreciate it!
It took me a few videos to realize how many deadpan jokes you were sneaking in. Thank you for doing you.
It wasn't just a Gotland class that sunk a US carrier in a simulation/exercise, a German Type 212 did the same a few years earlier.
These are sea stories. The outcomes of any exercise are always classified and never released to the public. If something can conceivably sink an aircraft carrier the Navy is not going to make a public announcement. Also in real life it takes a lot of torpedoes to sink an aircraft carrier. Find out how many of those big powerful Long Lance torpedoes it took to sink Yorktown and Hornet during WWII. They were a fifth of the displacement of a Nimitz. Nimitz has a lot of classified underwater torpedo protection. That much is known because several years ago there was an unclassified solicitation to come up with ways to correct the slight starboard list of early units of the Nimitz class. In that solicitation there is mention of an underwater protection system with hints that how far down the ship sits in the water affects how effective that protection system is. One or two torpedoes will certainly do damage but probably not sink it and the launch sub is now going to be hunted into extinction. I'm an old SH-3 pilot and can say with some authority that two helicopters with dipping sonars, MAD and torpedoes are going to find and sink a sub.
Yes, Italian 212A on 27 July 2008. The submarine 'Sciriè' evaded the fleet and took a picture of the Roosevelt from 8000 yds.
Great video!! Lots of good information.
Peak self-deprecating British military gallows humor: Nicknames their AIP sub "Exploder"; only theirs doesn't explode.
Sub Brief sent me, good show.
I once knew a guy who "pixeled" together images by zooming in all the way on a white canvas in mspaint, then placing all individual pixels for a photo-realistic result (for 1998 ...). Your mspaint skills, Sir, are at least on par :D
Just subscribed; the amount of technical information in your video’s is both impressive and captivating
Very nice information. Then you for sharing your knowledge.
With all the heat generated around the boats from electronics and atmosphere controls (CO-H2 burners, CO2 scrubbers O2 generators, heaters for ventilation) it would seem putting small sterling engines around the boat would be effecient. The O2 generators currently discharge hydrogen overboard but could be stored in external tanks to use.
Lots of possibilities for different AIP on subs.
Good video, thanks for making.
Ask the american navy how deadly Conventional submarines are. they still have nightmares what swedish and dutch submarines did in the past 30 years against nuclear subs and carrier fleets.
Great stuff!
I didn't know we countries were using Stirling Engines for AIP Subs. Stirling Engines have always fascinated me. I had no idea they produced enough work to be useful to run electrics in a Submarine.
HMS Exploder lol
Do you have an awesome amount of knowledge on the subject concerning submarines and all that you do on here. Really is awesome to learn about , I generally am not as informed of the navy aspects . Thank you for all bro , I am on i think the 4th or 5th of yours in a row now ! cheers from USA
Edit; if you don’t mind answering, may I ask how old you are currently? I just ask only because I am 30 and I feel like you sound between my age and slightly younger perhaps ? Lol I just like to know if others my age are doing this and learning about what they didn’t know prior to clicking your thumbnail 😎
Just found you!!! Liked and subbed immediately!!! Keep the content coming
Great video my hillbilly friend. I use to play with an AIP submarine when I was a child in the bathtub. It was very efficient and deadly to my brother. Now he has nuclear so I no longer play with him.