Very informative video. I also read the PDF written by you on the FWG website and highly appreciate it. Concise and to-the-point. Shall be very useful to me in my research work. Thank you Robert Sir ! You earned a dedicated subscriber. :-)
Dear Robert, I thought it important to know that for free standing flakes a few steps of centrifugation are required. Also the neutralisation of the acid is one of the most dangerous steps in this method (visious bubbling). Also the amount of time increases the oxidation of GO and as the structure is not fully known it is assumed the oxidation amount can be approximated by sonication and then left for 24 hours, where the highly oxidised form will stay dispersed whilst the lower oxidised form will form a sediment.
In light of what has just happened to my laboratory, I suspect that you might need to enter a cautionary amendment to this video. Following your video quite closely and paying particular attention to the minute particulars of your method, I slowly poured the acid mix ( 380ml 98% H2SO4 and 40ml 70% Phosphoric ) while stirring. Everything was just fine ... for about 8 seconds. Then the tallboy beaker erupted in a half meter column of flame, accompanied by a dense, roiling cloud of powder-puff carbon that mushroomed up against the ceiling, spreading across the lab like a creature out of "The Blob". Of course, the beaker shattered , it's formerly contained contents cascading down the sides of my heated Bipee stirrer and underneath the two adjacent power supplies, immediately converting each into carbon generating columns of fire. Floating Carbon infiltrated every nook and cranny in the lab, and in less than fifteen minutes destroyed two computers, one inkjet plotter, five out of eight running bench top power supplies and one 40 watt laser cutter ... the carbon having been sucked right through the cooling fans and into the electronics. Motherboards appear to have a really serious aversion to whatever kind of carbon we produced. The work bench itself was a total loss. In future I'm going to plagiarize your glass-top work bench approach ... and perhaps Rhino-Line the entire lab ... at least I won't be able to SEE the carbon. BTW, I really enjoy your videos ... All quite nicely done ... keep it up.
I do that REALLY SLOWLY in steps. First I pour in around 50mlof the acids while gently stirring and continue stirring until the purple fuming pretty much stops. Next I'll pour in another 100ml while stirring until the purple fumes subside. Continue adding in increasing amounts of the acids until all mixed in. Use the purple fumes as in indicator to stop pouring in acids for a bit. Keep in mind the green Manganese heptoxide is prone to spontaneous decomposition (explosing) - be gentle with it :) Read wiki, and check youtube for vids on Manganese heptoxide explosion to know what youre dealing before trying this
@offgridsid So please let us know what you did wrong! Did you mix too fast? the room temperature was high or low? I appreciate the description but there must be a deviation somewhere which is not clear in your description.
@@markgasdaglis5109 did you understand what @offgridsid did wrong? it looks like that you are doing it right. Is it safely repeatable? Have you done multiple times?
This is why the flash joule method is preferred. Worse case you’re shocked to death and wont have to explain the mess.🤷♂️ Glad everyone is ok. I dusted carbon fiber in a machine shop once. Had a similar result even lightbulbs stopped working and Make sure SSD’s are backed up.
I was just agreeing with you Robert, no hard feeling! Being Bipolar, sometimes my filter doesn't work so well! Yeah I already know that was a pretty lame excuse!!! lol
Hello Robert, at the end of the video ( around 08:00 ) you mention to filter using 45 microns filter, re-filter it and then wash with 30% hydrochloric acid, water and ethanol (each 200ml ). What exactly is to be washed? Am I supposed to add this mixture to the liquid (GO dispersion)?
Robert Murray-Smith I need a 45 micron mesh filter, I pour the liquid mixture over the 45 micron filter, then the residual graphite will stay on the filter, and then I re-filter the liquid GO through polyester fiber? Should I use paper filter (cophee filter) first, and second to that the 45 micron polyester filter? (meaning double filter the liquid GO). Also I thought that the result would be the liquid, not the powder held on the filter.
Hi, Robert, I just want to say that I did this experiment just now and the graphite mix fume dramatically and luckily I just add little acid in the mix so it didn't explode or got on fire. I think you should update this video and state clearly that the acids MUST be added in ice bath condition to avoid danger situation happen for others again Regards.
Robert Murray-Smith I just followed what you did in the video. It's good you share the experience but it's nicer if more details especially regarding the safety.
+Robert Murray-Smith No, he's completely right. Mn²O7 can ABSOLUTELY explode, or decompose. You're lucky yours didn't. He wasn't "dumb", and I'm sure he had fine equipment. The experiment is extremely dangerous, and should be attempted either outside or in a time hood, with face shield and some pretty legendary hand and arm protection. I've added KMnO⁴ to H²SO⁴, and had it explode within fifteen seconds. It was 16 degrees F outside. ( plz pardon my stupid temperature scale, I'm American, so I can't help it.) That says a lot. Again, its a miracle you weren't hurt. Please be careful!!
+Azide N3 check out this video th-cam.com/video/7ehy1UYe-Ao/w-d-xo.html any more of this and i will remove your comments - i do not like health and safety crusaders
Hi How are you? I have a question about the method. The moment of adding the H2SO4/H3PO4 solution to the mixture of graphite/ KMnO4 there was a very violent reaction, to the point that the mixture was set on fire, even using an ice bath. So I was adding the acids drop to drop to the mixture of graphite/ KMnO4, but i noticed that you add the acids really fast. So do you think that adding the acids fast to the mixture of graphite/ KMnO4 could be the solution to control that violent reaction. Thank you very much for your attention
Localised heating is why that's happening - you might want to add the acid and graphite first - cool it then add the KMnO4 slowly while stirring - more like the hummer's - anyway - that's why I add the acid quicker as it stops the localised heating effect
Yes, you produce manganese oxide flakes and if there is organic stuff there, it explodes. If you want to be 100% sure that it doesn't explode, surround the flask with ice and put the permanganate little by little while stirring the sulfuric aid and the graphite. However it can be problematic if a lot of graphite is reacting
Robert can you intercalate other compounds using the tour method? They're nearly identical ingredients, just differing quantities, so it seems logic that it would work. Have you come across any papers that have tried this?
Good day! I just want to ask if the same method of washing and finishing applies for this method of synthesizing GO with the one you've previously shown wherein you've used a different method of GO synthesis
Hi Robert....It's so nice to see your videos...however, one thing is intriguing that how to check for the quality of GO formed by this method...how can we separate pure GO free from other impurities, if any present??
Hello, thank you for the video. I'm not a chemist, but I do understand chemistry. And I have two questions. How would graphene affect the human hypothalamus? And how would the body, be able to process this out of its system?
Hello mr Robert, i wanna ask something about the moment you adding the acid to the graphite+ KMnO4 , what temperature must the acid have so the acid didnt explode ? and is that okay if im using the cold water not ice cube literally when you pour the mixed solution? I need to observing this before im doing in laboratory because im afraid its too dangerous and exploding if im done wrong. I hope you answer me ASAP . Thank you!
I have never worked with Tour method but did try other ones such as Staudenmeier, Hofmann, Hummers etc. Also had explosions :D for me following worked quiet well: 1) Dry your graphite before (it has ~1% water), some groups are washing it with acetone also. 2) You can also cool acids down, it helps in maintaining low temperature. For ice bath use salt and if you see rise of temperature pour acetone over ice - it will cool down the system to -40°C without any problem. Anyway, the complex formed (Mn2O7) from KMnO4 will explode above 50°C (not sure, check it). So cool everything down and try to avoid any water contamination to avoid this exothermic reaction
@@denissacer woah , i never think pour acetone over ice .... Really good idea dude, do you have linkedin or something?maybe i need to put your name in my journal haha thanks for replying me in advance :D
HiYa Rob... Well I really made a mess in my little lab and the house. I was attempting to pour the acid solution slowly while stirring into my glass beaker. It suddenly exploded into a dark brown smoke along with a large amount floating ash. Is the ash dangerous? My guess is it still some amount of acid solution with it. Big cleanup job ahead. Will definitely try this again but outside and pour much more slowly. DA!
is using 85% phosphoric acid will make a change ? i tried with 85% phosphoric acid and a violent reaction took place..purple and black precipitates squirted out of the beaker when i mixed acid solution with potassium permanganate and graphite powder. can u please help ??
Robert Murray-Smith thanks....i did and reaction was quite good. i have another doubt too. what will happen if the amount of hydrogen peroxide is more than 3 ml ? i accidentally added more hydrogen peroxide and obtained a very bright yellow solution. can i proceed with that ?? please help. thanks in advance.
Hello...I never get the brown result that you get after mixing for 12 hours on a heated stirrer. Nor do i get the yellow result from adding the h202. What I get is a thick jet black substance that resembles motor oil from an overdue oil change. What might i be doing wrong? I am using flake graphite from asbury.
Living near the equator about half my life, I tend to be careful about conc. acid reactions and keep an ice bath nearby just in case. Wanted to remark on that but then reading through the comments section fully understood that people got to it maybe the hard way. That is good in a sense because its a lesson they will remember for the future. Anyway one can't be too careful with conc. h2so4 kmno4 and h2o2 and the like especially when all of them ae supposed to go into the same beaker with you nearby. :)
+Venkatesh k.s. mate there is only so much safety advice you can give people - the idea is to get a balance between the danger and the excitement of doing it - you don't want to be so scary folk are scared to do it but you don't want to be too blasé either - not an easy line to walk - but i am always in favour of doing it - it is actually less dangerous than driving a car - in fact if you think about it and you described driving a car as sitting someone on top of several kilos of high explosive and zipping them off at 60 miles per hour while setting alight to it you would scare the hell out of people - but they do it all day long - it's a balance that is needed
yep, agreed. you just wont believe the situations i face with my patients. Makes me wonder why the hell we have 3 pounds of brain consuming 40% of resources.
looks like you need to go through and update your video descriptions since it says your FWG ltd was dissolved last year sometime, and I cant find a link for the actual site at all, guessing you have a new site, so would be nice to get this updated with your current web locations and what not. :)
Hi Robert, thank you for the beautiful demonstration you have just showed us, indeed it does work, i have downloaded the Tour paper from ACS and its exactly how you did it. My only problem is finding the appropriate polyester fiber for filtering the unreacted graphite off. Would it be safe for me to use any clean polyster fibre/cotton wool I can find as an alternative making sure it doesnt leach onto the filtrate? Or is the something else you can suggest. Please help.
I couldn't understand what you did after addition of H2O2!!!! Do I need to filter it through 45 Micron filter then refilter it through polyester fiber filter? Can I centrifuge the solution instead of the two filtrations? Then wash it such as the next video!!!
like most of these things it depends what you want to do and why you are doing it. For example why centrifuge? - Why filter? which 'bit' are you trying to collect? when asking this kind of question it really shows you haven't thought it through. For example let's say you began with 150 micrometer graphite because you wanted large size graphene oxide for the liquid crystal properties - then a 45 micron filter would clearly be a msitake as you wouldn't get the particle size you wanted through the filter - I assume you atarted with 45 micron graphite and are asking because you want the GO in suspension and are trying to clear out the unreacted graphite - though you didn't say that so if i just say yes filter i could be saying something that is useless to you as i don't know your experiment design nor the aims of you experiment - in that case you would definately be sacrificing a portion of the GO that didn't pass through the filter - etc etc - this is really common sense - have a think about it
Hi Mr. Murray-Smith, inside my science research class, we had done this method, but when we had added the two beakers together, there was a VERY violent reaction which included smoke, lights and occasional fire. What went wrong? We used a magnetic stirring plate with all the same ingredients. What we came out with was a reddish purplish blackish goop, Can we still move on from there?
hello everybody. I have a problem in the result. I am not getting the brown sheet. I am getting a yellowish brown powder. Is that a problem? I have used graphite rode as a starting material.
Hi! How are you? I have a question about the "after" of your synthesis... I'm using the modified Hummer's methods to produce my GO, but I'm have a slow yield of the final product (something about two percent) , first I`m filtrating with a common filter then I take the solution of the washed and filtrate it again in a PVDF membrane (0,22um) and then I hold a few GOs, but I think it's not enough.. and I'd like to use other technique to improve it.
centrifuge maybe, I had some samples with more than 8,5 mg/mL? filtration is slow and makes cake after which it will stop even on 0,2 um pores. Depends about what you will do after with GO, but you can add acid to quench it or salt.. or lyophilization to have it intact. If you will use filtration, add some alcohol inside your GO, it will expand the filter pores a bit under evaporation in low vacuum and will speed up filtration :)
Hello. Mr. Robert Experimental videos you have created are always looking good. By the way, I am a student who is not good at English. So I really need a text file. So if you are waiting for a PDF file that you uploaded, where would you see it? If you have already posted it on your homepage, will you know where to find it?
Hi Robert! What do you think about using this method for preparing GO for biomedical applications? How uncontaminated will it be after thoroughly washing it, in comparison with other methods? Thank you for the video!
Hi, I really appreciate your videos and thank you for them. I was wondering if there are any physical methods for GO production. I have heard of annealing, but besides that, is it possible to do it physically?
a recent university study showed that graphene in nitromethane increased the burn rate of nm by 175% because my involvment in racing this study has drawn my attention i would appreciate any direction from you on this subject that you might have apperently the increased burn rate is due to the oxygen trapped in the graphene thank you
Hello, I'm really enjoying your videos. I produced graphene by electrical exfoliation. Which solvent should I suspend my graphene in for sonication if I am going to make GO by the tour method in my next step?
Dear Robert, thanks for sharing a video about this synthesis. I was wondering if it is okay to scale up this method by using 5 or 10 times of each material? What's your suggestion about this matter?
Hi, great video. Many thanks for making it. I was wondering why the solution turns orange when you add the hydrogen peroxide. Like, what is the chemical reaction/mechanism taking place?
It is reducing left over Permganate species to their water soluble Mn2+ form. They are colorless in solution, however the GO itself bears a yellowish color, when freshly made. It will also turn darker once the pH is reaches neutral.
It's a nice video. I am going to try this procedure. I want to know few things. If I start with 1 gm graphite and 6 gm KMnO4 (1:6) then what will be the sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid volume? And how much ice should I add? Is there any relation between the filter pore size and initial graphite size?
no mate you have to change the ratio of all components - based on your question - if I were you I would think twice about trying this - you should have some experience of handling stuff before trying it mate and I don't mean to be rude here but your question doesn't make it seem like you have done much of this - I am not saying don't try it but do be careful and don't do a big load for a first off - do a small load -actually a very small load until you have got used to it - an accident with a little bit can be dealt with an accident with a large load and you are in trouble
Fixed the reply problem sorry about that. I have recently become interested in graphene and stumbled across your channel while researching it. I was wondering if you could lower the concentrations of the acids and increase the exposure time/use more acid and produce similar results of G.O. I am a high school student and wish to do a science fair project on graphene but the acids and their concentrations are a tad high for high school teachers to be comfortable with. My other option is to scale it down a lot and do it several times which might be time consuming and tedious but possible. What would you recommend?
no worries mate - You can't really change the acid concentrations for the top down approaches as the harsh conditions are needed to get the stuff to react - however there are alternative approaches including the tang lau - which is a bottom up method - i find the tang lau very disapointing to be honest so you might want to look at liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical cleavage, GUITAR methods - there are just loads - I have no particular recommendation as each method appeals for different reasons and it is one of those - you must make the choice situations - I have done quite a lot of videos on the different methods if it helps
That's a very good video. But what I got after 12h was a purple solution instead of brown, I was following the ratio that you mentioned but scale down for 12 times. What can I try to work it out?
Hi Robert Fantastic videos! Made a subscriber out of me. Question: What's the rationale of pouring the GO solution - after it's been cooled to room temp - on ice? Cheers
After the 12 hours of heating and stirring my mix is still a greenish color with maybe some brown at the bottom. Is this normal and should I just let it sit a room temp for a while longer?
***** i am sorry mate - without actually being there and watching you i can't really diagnose it - if it doesn't work - you did something wrong - it can be a little quirky sometimes - but normally - you got the temp wrong used poor ingredients or added stuff too quickly - all you can do is go back and start again - all i can say about it is contained in the above
no - i used a pure reagent from a chemical supply house - but if you can't get that then there is a sulphuric acid drain cleaner that is 94% acid - you can use that
Robert Murray-Smith I too use pure reagent but that is little yellow in colour and when i mix it to powder mixture then i got strong fumes :(i use H2SO4 ~98% H3PO4 ~88%any suggestions ?
Krishna Murthy ACS Nano. 2010 Aug 24;4(8):4806-14. doi: 10.1021/nn1006368. Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. Marcano DC1, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM.
Hi I had a problem when I added the acid mixture (sulfuric and phosphoric) in the graphite and potassium permanganate mixture, this exploded and generated a purple color, different from the brown color, what should I do? please help
sorry I tried to add the acid mixture more slowly but it does not work it still produces an exploit and the color is still purple, how can I control the temperature?, or maybe could be the graphite? because I am using graphite powder (synthetic) and I do not use graphite flake as mentioned in the paper of Tour method
In my experiment I didn't use Sodium Nitrate as in the modified Hummers method. But rest of the elements were kept same. The resulting solution was dark brown in colour and I also observed tiny flakes in it after sonicating at 35kHz. how can I be sure that my method produced graphene oxide? please reply
Sir, I am getting violent reaction(pink fumes and dark brown product)when mixing Sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid to a graphite and kmo4 mixture. Could you please help ?
Hey, thanks for the vids. After about 2 years watching your content I've decided to give it a go. But before I start, one question. I am only able to get hold of 12% Hydrogen Peroxide. Will it still work if I just triple the amount of 3mL? I have not the means to concentrate it. Tx again.
Something strange happened. The reaction exploded on me. So I added some water to my kmno4 and graphite mix and then continued adding the acids. It was sitting for two days I think. There is a brown gunk at the bottom. Scraped a bit onto some paper and it was reading 10ohms after it dried out.. Tried reducing it with some aluminium. Got so.e black powder that does not have conductivity. When I added the h2o2 it did not turn yellow :p
does the phosphoric acid need to be pure or can a product be used that is only 20℅ phosphoric acid mixed with other things like phos-kleen cleaner made by Scottie?
I have to ask, out of all the different methods used which gives the greatest yeild? I've looked through and watched most all the videos you have several times now. Which method is best? All I wanted was some graphene oxide to make a paint and also to use with my k40 laser engraver I bought over a year ago.
I am sorry mate - there is no 'best' there is only methods appropriate to the job you want to do at the cost you want to pay within the skill set you have to hand - the Tour is really good for what you want to do and i think you have picked a goo done here
Thank you again, you had me sold on that method a while back and then saw you use acetone which would be easier but I'll stick with the tour waiting on chems again. When I was kid we used to use toilet bowl cleaner and mix it with aluminum foil which was a great reaction but not the same kind we're working on doing here, right?
Hello Sir, I m a PhD aspirant at IISc Tata institute bangalore india. I just wanted to know the final filtration methods because I m not able to find 45microns mesh filter anywhere and also the polyester fibre so please suggest me some other way of filter , Will the normal rotary pump filtering will do? Please let me know sir. Thanks.
I think I messed up again. This time it didn't explode. I have a brownish yello solution. I realised my hot plate died out half way through the night. Could this have been the prob?
How would you suspend the GO flakes to spin coat a membrane like you did in your... well... Spin Coating video? thanks for staying current as well; your dedication is helping the lesser experienced community @__@
Robert Murray-Smith Woops, no context to the term there... 'shares' as in the knowledge you've shared with us XD (That was the best word usage, I thought!)
It is great video, ... I did it very successively. However, explosion happened when I repeated it. I tried to cool the two beaks, but no way. I think the beakers needs to be very clean between batches (Nitric acid fro cleaning).
Robert Murray Im going to buy Graphite from the website that you mentioned, but since they are offering 35% discount for university professors... I was wondering if I can buy it and have you represent the buyer to get the discount. if you agree I'll give you the amount of Graphite that would have been in the savings. just thought maybe you might need some more considering all the experiments you do. just like you advised me. helping others will make me live longer and happier.
+YangSword9x I am sorry mate - but i don't really go in for that kind of thing. They offer the discount because they know any research papers coming out quote the source of materials - it's like an advertisement for them. So, the discount is really paying for the advertising. I won't be releasing a paper with their name so it would be taking something from them and giving nothing back - I am not keen to do that - again sorry.
Mike Hebblethwaite lol - just don't stand next it. When i first test the really dangerous stuff I do it in a small room lined with sand bags - no joke - and get out of there before i turn it on
You are great, like your videos :). I will experiment with graphene too. but one thing: please wear safety goggles :o these acids will cause permanent damage once in your eye.
sir i am a student doing b.tech ECE in india iam much interested in nanotechnology research BUT I CANT HERE HOW ABOUT MY FUTURE i expect some suggestions from u
hey buddy ! you make yourself very complicated producing your graphene oxide. it's a simple ABC method. Are you working with the battery company? i hope not! so simple to produce graphene oxide usng lazer.
The cement mixer in the background cracks me up :)
Very informative video. I also read the PDF written by you on the FWG website and highly appreciate it. Concise and to-the-point. Shall be very useful to me in my research work. Thank you Robert Sir !
You earned a dedicated subscriber. :-)
cool - and good luck with your own research
can you please share the PDF with me? it looks like his website no longer exists.
that website is down. I need the pdf too. Plz
Dear Robert,
I thought it important to know that for free standing flakes a few steps of centrifugation are required.
Also the neutralisation of the acid is one of the most dangerous steps in this method (visious bubbling). Also the amount of time increases the oxidation of GO and as the structure is not fully known it is assumed the oxidation amount can be approximated by sonication and then left for 24 hours, where the highly oxidised form will stay dispersed whilst the lower oxidised form will form a sediment.
+JustAnAccretionx thank you for that - it's well appreciated
In light of what has just happened to my laboratory, I suspect that you might need to enter a cautionary amendment to this video.
Following your video quite closely and paying particular attention to the minute particulars of your method, I slowly poured the acid mix ( 380ml 98% H2SO4 and 40ml 70% Phosphoric ) while stirring. Everything was just fine ... for about 8 seconds. Then the tallboy beaker erupted in a half meter column of flame, accompanied by a dense, roiling cloud of powder-puff carbon that mushroomed up against the ceiling, spreading across the lab like a creature out of "The Blob". Of course, the beaker shattered , it's formerly contained contents cascading down the sides of my heated Bipee stirrer and underneath the two adjacent power supplies, immediately converting each into carbon generating columns of fire. Floating Carbon infiltrated every nook and cranny in the lab, and in less than fifteen minutes destroyed two computers, one inkjet plotter, five out of eight running bench top power supplies and one 40 watt laser cutter ... the carbon having been sucked right through the cooling fans and into the electronics. Motherboards appear to have a really serious aversion to whatever kind of carbon we produced. The work bench itself was a total loss. In future I'm going to plagiarize your glass-top work bench approach ... and perhaps Rhino-Line the entire lab ... at least I won't be able to SEE the carbon.
BTW, I really enjoy your videos ... All quite nicely done ... keep it up.
I do that REALLY SLOWLY in steps. First I pour in around 50mlof the acids while gently stirring and continue stirring until the purple fuming pretty much stops. Next I'll pour in another 100ml while stirring until the purple fumes subside. Continue adding in increasing amounts of the acids until all mixed in. Use the purple fumes as in indicator to stop pouring in acids for a bit.
Keep in mind the green Manganese heptoxide is prone to spontaneous decomposition (explosing) - be gentle with it :)
Read wiki, and check youtube for vids on Manganese heptoxide explosion to know what youre dealing before trying this
@offgridsid So please let us know what you did wrong! Did you mix too fast? the room temperature was high or low? I appreciate the description but there must be a deviation somewhere which is not clear in your description.
@@markgasdaglis5109 did you understand what @offgridsid did wrong? it looks like that you are doing it right. Is it safely repeatable? Have you done multiple times?
This is why the flash joule method is preferred. Worse case you’re shocked to death and wont have to explain the mess.🤷♂️
Glad everyone is ok. I dusted carbon fiber in a machine shop once. Had a similar result even lightbulbs stopped working and Make sure SSD’s are backed up.
Robert sir did a wonderful job , here I have a question what if the colour of graphene oxide at the end turns green what should we do ?
rOBERT I REALLY LOVE THE WAY YOU RESEARCH ...Love from Pakistan
That is so much easier, then the first method you showed! Keep up the good work!
cheers mate - it is pretty easy isn't it
Yes it is! Not as many steps, and less chances to screw it up, but you still need to be just as careful!!!
Eflat Productions
I say that in the video - several times!!! - do you really feel the need to say it again?
Eflat Productions
sorry mate - I am being a bit too touchy - I just had to ban somebody for being an ass over health and safety - so, sorry again
I was just agreeing with you Robert, no hard feeling! Being Bipolar, sometimes my filter doesn't work so well! Yeah I already know that was a pretty lame excuse!!! lol
Hello Robert, at the end of the video ( around 08:00 ) you mention to filter using 45 microns filter, re-filter it and then wash with 30% hydrochloric acid, water and ethanol (each 200ml ). What exactly is to be washed? Am I supposed to add this mixture to the liquid (GO dispersion)?
Fractal7 the stuff you collected in the filter paper mate - your product
Robert Murray-Smith I need a 45 micron mesh filter, I pour the liquid mixture over the 45 micron filter, then the residual graphite will stay on the filter, and then I re-filter the liquid GO through polyester fiber? Should I use paper filter (cophee filter) first, and second to that the 45 micron polyester filter? (meaning double filter the liquid GO). Also I thought that the result would be the liquid, not the powder held on the filter.
Thanks for the pdf file that makes it alot easier rob
Hi
Could send me the pdf
Hi!
Could you send it to me too?
can i have it mate ?\
Hey there, loved your video. Could you please tell me how much RPM I need to set for stirrer and could I use 30% H202 in place of 35% H202
You can print super capacitor using laser
Hi, Robert, I just want to say that I did this experiment just now and the graphite mix fume dramatically and luckily I just add little acid in the mix so it didn't explode or got on fire.
I think you should update this video and state clearly that the acids MUST be added in ice bath condition to avoid danger situation happen for others again
Regards.
Leon Lee well - you clearly did something dumb. READ THE PAPER
Robert Murray-Smith I just followed what you did in the video. It's good you share the experience but it's nicer if more details especially regarding the safety.
Leon Lee see the video i did on health and safety in the lab
+Robert Murray-Smith No, he's completely right. Mn²O7 can ABSOLUTELY explode, or decompose. You're lucky yours didn't. He wasn't "dumb", and I'm sure he had fine equipment. The experiment is extremely dangerous, and should be attempted either outside or in a time hood, with face shield and some pretty legendary hand and arm protection. I've added KMnO⁴ to H²SO⁴, and had it explode within fifteen seconds. It was 16 degrees F outside. ( plz pardon my stupid temperature scale, I'm American, so I can't help it.) That says a lot. Again, its a miracle you weren't hurt. Please be careful!!
+Azide N3 check out this video
th-cam.com/video/7ehy1UYe-Ao/w-d-xo.html
any more of this and i will remove your comments - i do not like health and safety crusaders
There is a patent submitted where adding this yellow oxide to graphene made it a better water based coating... can you try it pleaseeeee
Hi How are you? I have a question about the method. The moment of adding the H2SO4/H3PO4 solution to the mixture of graphite/ KMnO4 there was a very violent reaction, to the point that the mixture was set on fire, even using an ice bath. So I was adding the acids drop to drop to the mixture of graphite/ KMnO4, but i noticed that you add the acids really fast. So do you think that adding the acids fast to the mixture of graphite/ KMnO4 could be the solution to control that violent reaction. Thank you very much for your attention
Localised heating is why that's happening - you might want to add the acid and graphite first - cool it then add the KMnO4 slowly while stirring - more like the hummer's - anyway - that's why I add the acid quicker as it stops the localised heating effect
thank you so much
cheers mate
Yes, you produce manganese oxide flakes and if there is organic stuff there, it explodes. If you want to be 100% sure that it doesn't explode, surround the flask with ice and put the permanganate little by little while stirring the sulfuric aid and the graphite. However it can be problematic if a lot of graphite is reacting
Robert can you intercalate other compounds using the tour method? They're nearly identical ingredients, just differing quantities, so it seems logic that it would work. Have you come across any papers that have tried this?
Good day! I just want to ask if the same method of washing and finishing applies for this method of synthesizing GO with the one you've previously shown wherein you've used a different method of GO synthesis
Hi Robert....It's so nice to see your videos...however, one thing is intriguing that how to check for the quality of GO formed by this method...how can we separate pure GO free from other impurities, if any present??
Hello, thank you for the video. I'm not a chemist, but I do understand chemistry. And I have two questions. How would graphene affect the human hypothalamus? And how would the body, be able to process this out of its system?
I dont think it is meant to enter the body. It serves as a filter for the product that enters
nano removal bucket
I'm thinking strongly about trying this method instead of using peroxide oxidizing it with ozone gas I will bet that it works rapidly
Hello mr Robert, i wanna ask something about the moment you adding the acid to the graphite+ KMnO4 , what temperature must the acid have so the acid didnt explode ? and is that okay if im using the cold water not ice cube literally when you pour the mixed solution? I need to observing this before im doing in laboratory because im afraid its too dangerous and exploding if im done wrong. I hope you answer me ASAP . Thank you!
I have never worked with Tour method but did try other ones such as Staudenmeier, Hofmann, Hummers etc. Also had explosions :D for me following worked quiet well: 1) Dry your graphite before (it has ~1% water), some groups are washing it with acetone also. 2) You can also cool acids down, it helps in maintaining low temperature. For ice bath use salt and if you see rise of temperature pour acetone over ice - it will cool down the system to -40°C without any problem. Anyway, the complex formed (Mn2O7) from KMnO4 will explode above 50°C (not sure, check it). So cool everything down and try to avoid any water contamination to avoid this exothermic reaction
@@denissacer woah , i never think pour acetone over ice .... Really good idea dude, do you have linkedin or something?maybe i need to put your name in my journal haha thanks for replying me in advance :D
@@mj9344You can ask anything here :) science should be free to people :) or send your contact.
@@denissacer do you have any contact? i need discuss for this tour method and hummers :) thanks
Hello, thanks for the video. Can I ask you how you purification GO after the synthesis?
That was a great video, very informative and quite a clear description of the method. many thanks
glad you liked it mate
+Robert Murray-Smith i have 98% H3PO4 . is it usful?
+elwathig hassan are you sure it's phosphoric acid that seems a bit high of a percentage for that acid
HiYa Rob... Well I really made a mess in my little lab and the house. I was attempting to pour the acid solution slowly while stirring into my glass beaker. It suddenly exploded into a dark brown smoke along with a large amount floating ash. Is the ash dangerous? My guess is it still some amount of acid solution with it. Big cleanup job ahead. Will definitely try this again but outside and pour much more slowly. DA!
great video, really interesting and informative, but please use PPE.
For the filter part, is it the usage of filter papers, and what kind of filter paper are suitable?
seriously mate - think twice about this - you shouldn't have to be asking these kinds of questions if you are going to attempt this
is using 85% phosphoric acid will make a change ? i tried with 85% phosphoric acid and a violent reaction took place..purple and black precipitates squirted out of the beaker when i mixed acid solution with potassium permanganate and graphite powder. can u please help ??
cool it in the fridge before mixing
Robert Murray-Smith thanks....i did and reaction was quite good. i have another doubt too. what will happen if the amount of hydrogen peroxide is more than 3 ml ? i accidentally added more hydrogen peroxide and obtained a very bright yellow solution. can i proceed with that ?? please help. thanks in advance.
***** sure - go for it
Cool what?. The acid solution? A cold acid solution to Graphite and Kmno4 mixture? Plz help
Hello...I never get the brown result that you get after mixing for 12 hours on a heated stirrer. Nor do i get the yellow result from adding the h202. What I get is a thick jet black substance that resembles motor oil from an overdue oil change. What might i be doing wrong? I am using flake graphite from asbury.
Hi can i use activated carbon and not grapite?
Living near the equator about half my life, I tend to be careful about conc. acid reactions and keep an ice bath nearby just in case. Wanted to remark on that but then reading through the comments section fully understood that people got to it maybe the hard way. That is good in a sense because its a lesson they will remember for the future.
Anyway one can't be too careful with conc. h2so4 kmno4 and h2o2 and the like especially when all of them ae supposed to go into the same beaker with you nearby. :)
+Venkatesh k.s. mate there is only so much safety advice you can give people - the idea is to get a balance between the danger and the excitement of doing it - you don't want to be so scary folk are scared to do it but you don't want to be too blasé either - not an easy line to walk - but i am always in favour of doing it - it is actually less dangerous than driving a car - in fact if you think about it and you described driving a car as sitting someone on top of several kilos of high explosive and zipping them off at 60 miles per hour while setting alight to it you would scare the hell out of people - but they do it all day long - it's a balance that is needed
yep, agreed. you just wont believe the situations i face with my patients. Makes me wonder why the hell we have 3 pounds of brain consuming 40% of resources.
+Venkatesh k.s. lol - indeed
looks like you need to go through and update your video descriptions since it says your FWG ltd was dissolved last year sometime, and I cant find a link for the actual site at all,
guessing you have a new site, so would be nice to get this updated with your current web locations and what not. :)
Hi Robert, thank you for the beautiful demonstration you have just showed us, indeed it does work, i have downloaded the Tour paper from ACS and its exactly how you did it. My only problem is finding the appropriate polyester fiber for filtering the unreacted graphite off. Would it be safe for me to use any clean polyster fibre/cotton wool I can find as an alternative making sure it doesnt leach onto the filtrate? Or is the something else you can suggest. Please help.
+Luthando Tshwenya size matters here mate - you are going to have to order the filter cloth from a lab supplies house
I couldn't understand what you did after addition of H2O2!!!! Do I need to filter it through 45 Micron filter then refilter it through polyester fiber filter? Can I centrifuge the solution instead of the two filtrations? Then wash it such as the next video!!!
same question here for me .
like most of these things it depends what you want to do and why you are doing it. For example why centrifuge? - Why filter? which 'bit' are you trying to collect? when asking this kind of question it really shows you haven't thought it through. For example let's say you began with 150 micrometer graphite because you wanted large size graphene oxide for the liquid crystal properties - then a 45 micron filter would clearly be a msitake as you wouldn't get the particle size you wanted through the filter - I assume you atarted with 45 micron graphite and are asking because you want the GO in suspension and are trying to clear out the unreacted graphite - though you didn't say that so if i just say yes filter i could be saying something that is useless to you as i don't know your experiment design nor the aims of you experiment - in that case you would definately be sacrificing a portion of the GO that didn't pass through the filter - etc etc - this is really common sense - have a think about it
Hi Mr. Murray-Smith, inside my science research class, we had done this method, but when we had added the two beakers together, there was a VERY violent reaction which included smoke, lights and occasional fire. What went wrong? We used a magnetic stirring plate with all the same ingredients. What we came out with was a reddish purplish blackish goop, Can we still move on from there?
the beakers were too hot - try cooling them in the freezer for a bit
can we use pure phosphoric acid or orthophosphoric acid 85% on the place of phosphoric acid 75%.
hello everybody. I have a problem in the result. I am not getting the brown sheet. I am getting a yellowish brown powder. Is that a problem? I have used graphite rode as a starting material.
Hi! How are you? I have a question about the "after" of your synthesis... I'm using the modified Hummer's methods to produce my GO, but I'm have a slow yield of the final product (something about two percent) , first I`m filtrating with a common filter then I take the solution of the washed and filtrate it again in a PVDF membrane (0,22um) and then I hold a few GOs, but I think it's not enough.. and I'd like to use other technique to improve it.
centrifuge maybe, I had some samples with more than 8,5 mg/mL? filtration is slow and makes cake after which it will stop even on 0,2 um pores. Depends about what you will do after with GO, but you can add acid to quench it or salt.. or lyophilization to have it intact. If you will use filtration, add some alcohol inside your GO, it will expand the filter pores a bit under evaporation in low vacuum and will speed up filtration :)
Did you solve that question? How to purification?
Hello. Mr. Robert
Experimental videos you have created are always looking good.
By the way, I am a student who is not good at English. So I really need a text file.
So if you are waiting for a PDF file that you uploaded, where would you see it?
If you have already posted it on your homepage, will you know where to find it?
Hi Robert! What do you think about using this method for preparing GO for biomedical applications? How uncontaminated will it be after thoroughly washing it, in comparison with other methods? Thank you for the video!
I don't see a problem - purification is the issue - dialysis maybe
Thank you, greetings from Colombia
Hi,
I really appreciate your videos and thank you for them. I was wondering if there are any physical methods for GO production. I have heard of annealing, but besides that, is it possible to do it physically?
ball mill with carbon dioxide, ammonium persulfate or potassium permanganate
a recent university study showed that graphene in nitromethane increased the burn rate of nm by 175% because my involvment in racing this study has drawn my attention i would appreciate any direction from you on this subject that you might have apperently the increased burn rate is due to the oxygen trapped in the graphene thank you
do you have a link to the paper?
Do you have any ideas of how to create layers of graphene oxide flakes to make a filter for desalinating water?
+Lamar Small there are quite a few papers on forming graphene oxide like this check out google scholar
+Robert Murray-Smith okay thank you
Hello, I'm really enjoying your videos. I produced graphene by electrical exfoliation. Which solvent should I suspend my graphene in for sonication if I am going to make GO by the tour method in my next step?
How did you produce the graphene please?
Dear Robert, thanks for sharing a video about this synthesis. I was wondering if it is okay to scale up this method by using 5 or 10 times of each material? What's your suggestion about this matter?
+faridfify do it carefully mate - those are explosive mixes and scale will matter
+Robert Murray-Smith what about timing Robert ?
Do they need to change or altered too?
+faridfify i am sorry mate i can't support this - you do this at your own risk
Hi, great video. Many thanks for making it.
I was wondering why the solution turns orange when you add the hydrogen peroxide. Like, what is the chemical reaction/mechanism taking place?
it is forming the MnO2 from unreacted KMnO4.Peroxide is reducing KMnO4 in acid environment (otherwise is also oxidant)
It is reducing left over Permganate species to their water soluble Mn2+ form. They are colorless in solution, however the GO itself bears a yellowish color, when freshly made. It will also turn darker once the pH is reaches neutral.
i cant understand
use what type of graphite
It's a nice video.
I am going to try this procedure. I want to know few things. If I start with 1 gm graphite and 6 gm KMnO4 (1:6) then what will be the sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid volume? And how much ice should I add? Is there any relation between the filter pore size and initial graphite size?
+Santanu Mandal Your questions are answered in the video mate
Is that how they made the graphene oxide hydrogel for the covid-19 shots?
For the graphite, can it be 5g, 10g, 15g, and 20g, and not changing anything else...will this show diffeent types of membranes?
no mate you have to change the ratio of all components - based on your question - if I were you I would think twice about trying this - you should have some experience of handling stuff before trying it mate and I don't mean to be rude here but your question doesn't make it seem like you have done much of this - I am not saying don't try it but do be careful and don't do a big load for a first off - do a small load -actually a very small load until you have got used to it - an accident with a little bit can be dealt with an accident with a large load and you are in trouble
Fixed the reply problem sorry about that.
I have recently become interested in graphene and stumbled across your channel while researching it. I was wondering if you could lower the concentrations of the acids and increase the exposure time/use more acid and produce similar results of G.O. I am a high school student and wish to do a science fair project on graphene but the acids and their concentrations are a tad high for high school teachers to be comfortable with. My other option is to scale it down a lot and do it several times which might be time consuming and tedious but possible. What would you recommend?
no worries mate - You can't really change the acid concentrations for the top down approaches as the harsh conditions are needed to get the stuff to react - however there are alternative approaches including the tang lau - which is a bottom up method - i find the tang lau very disapointing to be honest so you might want to look at liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical cleavage, GUITAR methods - there are just loads - I have no particular recommendation as each method appeals for different reasons and it is one of those - you must make the choice situations - I have done quite a lot of videos on the different methods if it helps
Robert Murray-Smith Got it, thanks a bunch!
no worries mate
GREAT! Your now on my subscribe list!
+John Drew cheers mate - thanks for the add
That's a very good video. But what I got after 12h was a purple solution instead of brown, I was following the ratio that you mentioned but scale down for 12 times. What can I try to work it out?
dunno as I wasn't there - but you did something wrong - try again but be more careful
After muti-rinsing, it became brown eventually, Thx.
awesome mate
Hi Robert
Fantastic videos! Made a subscriber out of me.
Question: What's the rationale of pouring the GO solution - after it's been cooled to room temp - on ice?
Cheers
kill the reaction and oxidize it
Hi, can I use 6B pencils instead of 9B?
Thanks!
what do you think mate?
still one of my favourite methods.
mine too mate
but also i want to know about whate type of graphite to be used in tour method to yield good product
natural flakes, most groups uses
After the 12 hours of heating and stirring my mix is still a greenish color with maybe some brown at the bottom. Is this normal and should I just let it sit a room temp for a while longer?
***** something went wrong - you might have to start again
Robert Murray-Smith a brown residue formed around the rim of the beaker above the liquid, is that normal or possibly a sign of something gone wrong?
***** i am sorry mate - without actually being there and watching you i can't really diagnose it - if it doesn't work - you did something wrong - it can be a little quirky sometimes - but normally - you got the temp wrong used poor ingredients or added stuff too quickly - all you can do is go back and start again - all i can say about it is contained in the above
sir ! the acid(H2SO4) you used
is that drain cleaner ?
no - i used a pure reagent from a chemical supply house - but if you can't get that then there is a sulphuric acid drain cleaner that is 94% acid - you can use that
Robert Murray-Smith I too use pure reagent but that is little yellow in colour and when i mix it to powder mixture then i got strong fumes :(i use H2SO4 ~98% H3PO4 ~88%any suggestions ?
aBHisHek yAduVaNshI
it got too hot - keep it cool in an ice bath as you mix
AWSOME METH OD SIr, is there any paper i can cite for this method?? which paper is this taken form?? :)
It's the Mercano paper put it into google and you will see it - it is one of the most popular graphene oxide papers ever lol
Oh OK I was searching by tours name!
Krishna Murthy ACS Nano. 2010 Aug 24;4(8):4806-14. doi: 10.1021/nn1006368.
Improved synthesis of graphene oxide.
Marcano DC1, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM.
thank you :)
could you ggest some other bottom up methods like tang-lau? :)
Krishna Murthy
there are a few - do a google search
what about using it to put on clothing, what graphene would you recommend to have polyester observe the graphene oxide????
i dunno mate - never tried - so - i have no real recommendations - let me know if you do it and how it goes
Also sir how quickly does the graphene oxide react to mechanical energy, does it block the force from penetrating or would it change the direction?
dunno
Thank you sir I've learned so much from you keep the videos coming!!!
cheers mate
Sir, could you tell me the mesh size of the graphite powder you used?
45 micrometers
THANK U!
hi. robert
question: hidrogen peroxide role in the fabrication of graphene oxide?
luong tong it stops the reaction - it is possible to over oxidise
Robert Murray-Smith thank you !
Robert Murray-Smith hi robert,GO drying at 60 ° c affect anything?
luong tong i don't think so - well not really
Robert Murray-Smith ohm, thank
Hi I had a problem when I added the acid mixture (sulfuric and phosphoric) in the graphite and potassium permanganate mixture, this exploded and generated a purple color, different from the brown color, what should I do? please help
you didn't control the temp and you added too quickly
Thanks!
sorry I tried to add the acid mixture more slowly but it does not work it still produces an exploit and the color is still purple, how can I control the temperature?, or maybe could be the graphite? because I am using graphite powder (synthetic) and I do not use graphite flake as mentioned in the paper of Tour method
That batch only yields 5.6grams? Current price is $100 for 50g. Chemistry is fun but for the risks involved, not sure its that fun.
In my experiment I didn't use Sodium Nitrate as in the modified Hummers method. But rest of the elements were kept same. The resulting solution was dark brown in colour and I also observed tiny flakes in it after sonicating at 35kHz. how can I be sure that my method produced graphene oxide? please reply
+faizan Arshad raman
any other methods
+faizan Arshad xrd
piranha water?
Sir,
I am getting violent reaction(pink fumes and dark brown product)when mixing
Sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid to a graphite and kmo4 mixture.
Could you please help ?
Me too Sir... What is the solution for that?
Hey, thanks for the vids. After about 2 years watching your content I've decided to give it a go. But before I start, one question. I am only able to get hold of 12% Hydrogen Peroxide. Will it still work if I just triple the amount of 3mL? I have not the means to concentrate it. Tx again.
+f3ntas yep it will be fine and good luck mate - remember if at first you don't succeed try again
Something strange happened. The reaction exploded on me. So I added some water to my kmno4 and graphite mix and then continued adding the acids. It was sitting for two days I think. There is a brown gunk at the bottom. Scraped a bit onto some paper and it was reading 10ohms after it dried out.. Tried reducing it with some aluminium. Got so.e black powder that does not have conductivity. When I added the h2o2 it did not turn yellow :p
mukund srinivas it pretty much ruined mate - sorry
gonna give this another shot. This time on a peltier cooled. The ambient temp around here is 35
mukund srinivas that is pretty warm lol
If my compound is reddish brown what does it mean ? Please help
+Francesco Mancini Add more Hydrogen peroxide while stirring and stop as soon you see the first stable yellow colour change.
does the phosphoric acid need to be pure or can a product be used that is only 20℅ phosphoric acid mixed with other things like phos-kleen cleaner made by Scottie?
You won't get results mate - you need the pure stuff for this one i am afraid
Awesome, thank you! Love your videos!
I have to ask, out of all the different methods used which gives the greatest yeild? I've looked through and watched most all the videos you have several times now. Which method is best? All I wanted was some graphene oxide to make a paint and also to use with my k40 laser engraver I bought over a year ago.
I am sorry mate - there is no 'best' there is only methods appropriate to the job you want to do at the cost you want to pay within the skill set you have to hand - the Tour is really good for what you want to do and i think you have picked a goo done here
Thank you again, you had me sold on that method a while back and then saw you use acetone which would be easier but I'll stick with the tour waiting on chems again.
When I was kid we used to use toilet bowl cleaner and mix it with aluminum foil which was a great reaction but not the same kind we're working on doing here, right?
Can you make graphene quantum dots with this product?
I can make graphene quantum dots
@@大兵-w4yI used Hummers method to make quantum dots, but it didn't turn brown, what's the reason of it? And how to purification GQD after making it?
One more question please! Can you explain me why graphene oxide turns brown?
probably because of the oxidative rubbish - see Kaner's work with alkalies
Hello Sir, I m a PhD aspirant at IISc Tata institute bangalore india. I just wanted to know the final filtration methods because I m not able to find 45microns mesh filter anywhere and also the polyester fibre so please suggest me some other way of filter , Will the normal rotary pump filtering will do? Please let me know sir. Thanks.
I think I messed up again. This time it didn't explode. I have a brownish yello solution. I realised my hot plate died out half way through the night. Could this have been the prob?
mukund srinivas could have been mate but yellowish brown sounds promising
More brownish.Can this be reduced using the aluminium foil method?
mukund srinivas it wouldn't hurt to try
what would be your choice of reducing this rob?
mukund srinivas i dunno mate - what do you want to do with it?
How would you suspend the GO flakes to spin coat a membrane like you did in your... well... Spin Coating video?
thanks for staying current as well; your dedication is helping the lesser experienced community @__@
add distilled water and bath sonicate for 30 mins or so - though it will also work if you stir it in a magnetic stirrer for three days
A fair exchange -- three days or quick sonication.
Alright! I'll start, finally, putting your shares to some use.
You'll see,
Cheers~
Aerros11
What do I have shares in lol
Robert Murray-Smith
Woops, no context to the term there... 'shares' as in the knowledge you've shared with us XD
(That was the best word usage, I thought!)
Aerros11
we all have shares in that mate lol
It is great video, ... I did it very successively. However, explosion happened when I repeated it. I tried to cool the two beaks, but no way. I think the beakers needs to be very clean between batches (Nitric acid fro cleaning).
a good clean is always a good idea mate lol
Robert Murray Im going to buy Graphite from the website that you mentioned, but since they are offering 35% discount for university professors...
I was wondering if I can buy it and have you represent the buyer to get the discount. if you agree I'll give you the amount of Graphite that would have been in the savings.
just thought maybe you might need some more considering all the experiments you do.
just like you advised me. helping others will make me live longer and happier.
to make the purchase legal you buy it. I pay for it. ship to you the professor for discount. then send back to me my share.
+YangSword9x I am sorry mate - but i don't really go in for that kind of thing. They offer the discount because they know any research papers coming out quote the source of materials - it's like an advertisement for them. So, the discount is really paying for the advertising. I won't be releasing a paper with their name so it would be taking something from them and giving nothing back - I am not keen to do that - again sorry.
Robert Murray-Smith OK I didn't know that. Thanks for informing me though. Alrighty then onward to buy it for myself...
+YangSword9x no worries mate
You are great man
Thanks .its really great way FOR preparation of GO
+Soheila Manshad I love it too!!
Thank you very much. I haven´t considered this method. I usually only find the Hummer´s method on papers.
Do you know an electrochemical method to obtain reduced graphene oxide? or Could you recommend a chemical reducing agent on specific?
Salvador Hernández I beg you pardon I haven´t seen your next video.
Salvador Hernández
lol - no worries
no worries - it's a good methodology with a high yield
hard to understand you have an echo
I love you Robert sir!!
cheers mate
50 degree at what RPM anybody?
Not really a DIY one this but very educational all the same many thanks. Off to grind some battery rods up :)
that's why I haven't done it until now
Robert Murray-Smith
Still pretty straight forward. Would love to get a hotplate stirrer one of these days (they are useful for other things).
Hank Scorpio
They are not that expensive - mine is a cheap chinese model - I think it cost 60 pounds from ebay
I meant thinking more of size of partials and Explodes at 55c Hank than price in cash. Still as I said very good example of how it is done.
Mike Hebblethwaite
lol - just don't stand next it. When i first test the really dangerous stuff I do it in a small room lined with sand bags - no joke - and get out of there before i turn it on
You are great, like your videos :). I will experiment with graphene too. but one thing: please wear safety goggles :o these acids will cause permanent damage once in your eye.
+Tobias Niedoba glad you liked the videos mate - bey all means you wear glasses - me - well i'll do what I like
will it have a chance to explode while adding acid to kMno4+Graphite ? I got a huge flame... so i immediately stopped this experiment... Kindly reply
@@dr.sundaramsaravanakumar6997 me too purple smokes everywhere almost got burnt. What could be the reason? @Robert Murray-Smith
the lab was a lot simpler back then hehe
true enough mate
pleather jacket material that charges as you move.. that is the dangerous stuff.
thank youuu
What would be the full chemical formula for this reaction? I tried to write one my self but I'm getting stuck lmfao.
if you manage to write one - publish! - there are three different views in the literature at the moment
sir i am a student doing b.tech ECE in india iam much interested in nanotechnology research
BUT I CANT HERE HOW ABOUT MY FUTURE
i expect some suggestions from u
I have no idea - how can you expect me to comment on your future?
.......whew, that is looking more like alchemy rather than chemistry .
lol
Sounds as complicated to make as creating a new password 🤣
hey buddy ! you make yourself very complicated producing your graphene oxide. it's a simple ABC method. Are you working with the battery company? i hope not! so simple to produce graphene oxide usng lazer.
have you done a video making it? - because if not that is a real armchair comment
+zero point kindly cite any references for the same. I would highly appreciate.