What really happened at the Big Bang?
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 13 มิ.ย. 2024
- The Big Bang is the term that scientists use to describe the beginning of the universe. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln clears up many common misconceptions about this fascinating topic.
To learn more, visit:
fnal.gov - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
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What I really appreciate (besides the content) is, that no music is played during your talk to make it seem more impactful. You just don't need music and I can listen 100% to your words. Thank you.
True. Some channels think they need background music and it's so annoying.
Edit: I love the intro music though!
Or we can add our own background music at whatever volume we prefer. I like having that power. Talks don't need music.
I have a question about elementary particles such as electrons as well as various quarks as well as neutrino particles
As well as the article and antimatter
Like the anti-electron positron
And also the counter quark
The question is about why these particles differ in rotation, mass, and charge
We hope you find smart plans to reveal the secret of the difference between the elementary particles
Was the difference between the particles due to the difference in the proportion of energy in the universe?
Why are the primary particles different in mass, charge, and rotation?
The third question
Are there smaller molecules responsible for this difference?
Please communicate my three questions to physicists
@@user-gq4qm2uv3h You should ask the question on the video, rather than as a reply to a comment.
You've got lots of excellent questions, and I'll bet this channel has already answered several of them in various videos, and will continue to answer them over time!
I'll recommend Fermilab's video titled 'Fermions and Bosons'. Apologies if the formatting came out strange, TH-cam's text-entry field can't decide which language I'm typing.
I would appreciate the music from Star War. Don don don don don don don don , don don don don don don don don....bon bon
Dude. SO AWESOME seeing you on PBS SpaceTime yesterday. SpaceTime and Fermilab (only because of Dr. Don) have long been my two favorite channels on TH-cam.
Fermilab is better because it feels like him explaining something to his smart teenage grandkid between shifts at the antimatter factory.
if PBS recruited this guy, then you can rest assured he is completely full of shit and serving you atheist leftwing propaganda....and yes, politics are still involved with astrophysics...because politics is down stream from culture and culture is down stream from psychology and psychology is down stream from associative logic foundations.
I like the fact that he’s wearing a shirt that reference the show called the big bang theory and then has his own show about the Big Bang
Respect the man. He is a professor of high nonsense and can't prove anything he says.
@@kathylynne8872 Why are you watching these videos if you can't even grasp the concept of the scientific process?
@@kathylynne8872 then get out of here. If you don't believe a particle physicist from fermilab you're a moron. You should probably go watch your flat earth conspiracy theory bullshit. That suits you.
I sometimes wish I could skip ahead 500 or 1000 years, to find out the answers to many of these questions!
Just travel 99.9% at the speed of light and come back in a couple years. You'll find out.
@@overclockin2022 Oh, yeah, like I can just hop in my spaceship and warp away. ;3
Surah Al Anbya {21:30}The Noble Qur'An:Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before we clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?
@@sohaibsbai6263 lol my muslim friend told me this same quote with land and earth. What about stars???
We all experience the beginning and we'll experience the ending. Or you can just time travel in your sleep
1AM in Lithuania... Me: A great time for some astrophysics!
1.30 AM Greece, same!
Same in Ukraine 🤷♀️
Poland here :)
@@kruasan1 Germany here, same. I love to hear Don talk.
Spookily enough it is 1350 here in the UK 14 hrs after the OP ;0)
The more I learn the less I know! 😨
Possibly, to make you feel a little better about yourself, check out he "Dunning-Kruger Effect".
The less I know, the more I learn 🙂
That's the truth for all of us.
The more you learn, the more you know you have much, much, much more to learn than you thought and that's what make you a better person.
== The Conglomerate - Universe Creation Theory (combining GOD, General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, and Chaos Theory)
"The BIG Bang-Bit Bang inflation/expansion of energy and information into the void 13.8 billion years ago was a supermassive white hole spawned by a supermassive black hole at the heart of a galaxy in our 'parent universe'. This duality combines general relativity’s singularities of infinite density in a ‘Cosmic Egg’ birth of this and all universes within 'The Conglomerate': multiverse without random bubble universes and parallel worlds. Our Universe is inside the Planck density of that SBH and shares the same event horizon. That SBH-SWH seed phase transition was a 'quantum tunneling umbilical wormhole' with energy-matter and data transformed/transferred, albeit scrambled and encoded. Our Universe is 1-in-2 trillion 'self-similar offspring' each with the same inherited physical laws (‘DNA’). This simple cause-and- effect cycle/'circle of life' - birth-life-death-transformation-rebirth - explains both infinite space and eternity. Reproduction is GOD/Nature’s simplest plan for spreading life for everything from cells to universes." - Seal #1a of the 7seals.blogspot.com
This has triggered The Apocalypse/Revelation which is not the ‘end of the world‘ - it‘s the 2nd Coming (E=mc²).
Fantastic explanation. Your accent is clear and straight forward, your pauses and speed of delivery is precise, there are no musical disturbances, your body language instills confidence in the audience and the l lecture is so splendid. I can listen to you endlessly. Fabulous. I'm bent on learning a lot from you, sir.
But what about the science?
@1:41 "Scientists admit when they don't know something" I love this.
This really resonated with me too. Like when Ricky Gervais (not a scientist!) commented that science is entirely re-discoverable, like if 1000 years after humanity is wiped out all this can be plausibly reestablished, as a contrast to religious beliefs which may or may not be reestablished (I am easy either way on this, I just sense a vulnerability in the hearsay of more knowledgeably primitive humans).
“Scientists admit when they don’t know something...” Best burn today. 🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻
the best burns were in 15th or 16th century when they burned "witches"
Yes, the problem is that scientists don't admit when they don't know something. I read a book once telling me exactly what happened 10^-32 seconds after the big bang.
@@RobertsMrtn it was told you because you can't handle that at that time , I mean Mathematics.
When you are at minor school when Someone gave you subtract 10 from 8 then you will be like it's impossible but when you go higher class then you know the answer was -2 . I think from above you may have got an idea how it works.
@@RobertsMrtn "I read a book once telling me exactly what happened 10^-32 seconds after the big bang." - What book was that, claiming absolute certainty under the guise of scientific knowledge?
If they know everything, it is no more science, it's religion. Science is about for what we have enough evidence. If not evidence enough, the question must be left open.
Of course, climate science is different...
Great stuff as always, one thing I would add is the misconception of the "before" the big bang people often have as well. Time-space is not a separate phenomenon so when space is condensed to a tiny speck, time also behaves differently and so time very likely began with the expansion itself. There most likely was no "before" the big bang as time simply didn't exist.
Dude I love your channel
There must have been some crazy time dilation shit going on at the BB. All that mass in such a small volume? Also I've never got to grips with how did our Universe escape from it's own Schwartzschild radius ?
Ya Stephen Hawking also said same
Not really; space and time coordinates exist depending exclusively on what atlases can cover a given manifold - whatever it may be. The thing with cosmology could be better put this way: if there was a 'before' the BB, we wouldn't know, because time is kept by clocks made of matter and all matter was bunched (classically) inside a singularity
But yet, he said the universe May/Perhaps have been infinite at the time of the big bang.
Me: "Yeah, I think I have a pretty good grasp on the Big Bang."
Dr. Lincoln: "Hold my beer..."
JFK to Lincoln: hold my brain. WTC to Larry Silverstein and Dick Cheney: what have you done?
No you don't. Nobody has.
No one has a good grasp of it. The THEORY is nonsense it's a tax payer funded religion
@@michaelking8061 well... at least not a religion, because religions seem to claim absolute truths without evidence.
@@dennisdejong6540 the big bang has no evidence evolution has no evidence none of it is sicence. Sicence is observable and testable no one can observe or test the big bang as for evolution no one has ever seen one animal produce a different animal it's never happened. It's all beliefs its religion
I love your videos! You are an amazing presentator for this, its really interesting and fun to watch!
That's the clearest explanation of the theory that I've seen. So much misinformation out there.
I have a great interest in this sort of thing and thought myself fairly knowledgeable about it, and still learned a few things here! Thank you for this!
This explanation itself is misinformation. 🙄
@@micahwatson9017 how so?
ERICK PATRIOTA BRASILEIRO plot holes
@ERICK PATRIOTA BRASILEIRO you're funny. I mean, I _hope_ you're being sarcastic.
This is brilliant. Dr. Don is an excellent story-teller.
This is so well done. Covering misconceptions in a way that is approachable.
Really diggin' these presentations by Dr. Lincoln, going through most of them, I love that there's no music as well, a proper lecturer and makes it all easy to understand.
I can’t possibly express how much I appreciate this channel. Thank you (times) infinity.
What, you want to remain ignorant? To get a good education, don't watch this nonsense.
@@kathylynne8872 gotta take your grumpy pills
HAHA, yes!. "(clears throat) giant sphere..."
Flatards triggered!
that was more difficult for him than it should have been. HE IS A FLAT EARTHER :O
Spherical cow
loooool
Yeah, what a snake oil salesman! :-)
Just finished The Theory of Everything. Amazing series of lectures! Pleasantly technical without getting overloaded in calculations.
I have waited my whole life to find this video. I now feel happy with an understanding of the universe that I didn’t have before. Thank you so much for simplifying this complex topic for me
Happy New Year Dr. Lincoln to you and your peeps. Love your content and presentation.
They need to emphasize more earth science in high school.
@Dupa Essex It's how the left gains ground-they do it thru the legislative process by organizing what they want taught. That really should be left to educational experts.
@@kimlibera663 That's the Right doing that, Kim --- pushing anti-science Biblical "education" agendas, Creationism, library defunding and censorship. They're the force trying to dumb down America so they can take over.
There seems to be a disconnect between your wish for more science and your irrational political beliefs. Not meaning to make a No True Scotsman fallacy, but I find it difficult to see how anyone who values a scientific, evidence-based approach can fall for such obvious tribalism.
God almighty said ( Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece , then we parted them ? and we have made from water every living thing . will they not then believe ? ) [ prophets : 30 ] .
and said ( And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are its expander).[ chapter 51: Verse 47 ]
Those verses from holy Quran before 1440 years told about( The Big Bang Theory ) that we are studying it recently discovered .
God almighty who created all the world he is only one God and he sent prophets and massengers Like Adam Ibrahim Moses Jesus Muhammad etc and revealed to them books like a book instructions of human bieng illustrates every thing we need to know .. Quran is the only book preserved from God from the past until now unlike another books hasn't been preserved .. so who wants to know truth of life he should read Quran to find the truth .
Many muslims are not following instructions of God well like isis or saudia arabia king for example, so do not judge Islam by behave of muslims .. unfortunately also media highlights the bad people in Islam so a wrong picture has been made about Islam .. Islam in arabic means ( submission to God ) .
The Quran also tells us that, at night, the Sun hides in its resting place. If you want to learn how things work, read a science textbook.
You're right that there are many negative stereotypes of Muslims. That kind of bigotry is shameful.
Wonderful programs. Thanks from all of us.
Thanks for the videos.
Saw ya on PBS Space Time. PBS is really moving up in the world.
I see what you did there. 😉
@A3Kr0n This Channel Has No Content.
SPAMBOT! PBS Promotional SPAMBOT!
Actually it's a Dr. Don promotional SPAMBOT that promotes PBS as it associates to Dr. Don.
@@ZeroOskul Are you okay? Do you have brain damage? Surprise, most people on TH-cam don't make content, they just watch other people's videos.
@@TheMyguitarisblue Yes. No.
Most humans reply when you accuse them of being not real.
Most.
Did you notice the video has no supporting data and "people" love it and call Doc Don the reason PBS is getting better?
@@TheMyguitarisblue ding ding ding we have a winner
You and PBS, best channels in the visible internet !!!
@Net Syncs true...but we need the TOR derivation ;)
Your presentations are the best that i have seen and heard on (any) subject on the net. THANK YOU
Exelent video! Congratulations!
You were trying to explain this to people that think the sun is a lamp just above the clouds and the moon emits cold light, good luck.
Double dose of Don in one week!!! I love your content and have a great appreciation for the work you and ALL of your colleagues do in the world of Physics!
This is the best video from you. Thanks for the video.
Thx Don..love your DVDs at this difficult time..be safe tgc
10/10 for the shirt choice
Love the nod to the flat earthers 👍👏
I would consider it more "Throwing Shade" than a "nod".
A nod implies support rather than derision.
What really happened at the Big Bang? NOTHING !
Because nothing can NOT create everything !
An explosion will never create anything ! Use your brain for 30 seconds before going back to sleep and believe these pseudo-scientists and their lunacy.
THIS IS BULLSHIT FOR GULLIBLE SHEEP...
JUST THINK !!!
Around these parts a nod would be likened more to a tip of the hat on the way past.. hi>bye
I agree because Earth is observably, provably and test-ably Flat. Even Neil deGrass Tyson said you cannot see the curvature of Earth from 120,000 feet up.
They are still a thing? Thought they all already fell of the edge.
great videos
Really enjoyable presentation.
You don’t know how long I’ve been waiting for you and Matt O’Dowd to collab on PBS Spacetime
I too was glad that happened, having watched both folks in TH-cam.
As usual, Cosmology blows my mind once again...Thanks, Dr.Don!
Enjoyed alot
Great explanation
As always... just great!. Very didactic and easy. Keep up!
Q: "What really happened at the Big Bang?"
A: "I don't remember, I was very young back then."
TOO FUNNY. I was born shortly after the big bang.
Keith Richards remembers
Holy cow, did we have a big bang? Sorry I missed it, must have been sleeping.
""I don't know, I was really drunk at the time"
Now, that's what I call a great explanation!
@Henrik Wallin well unfortunately there actually are predictions made based on past theories and real data but you just can't accept that
@Henrik Wallin Are you an astrophysicist or a cosmologist ? NO ? Thought so. I wonder why you think you know more about their fields than them. There is this Dunning-Krueger effect if you ever heard about it, the point is, the less you know the more confident you are in that you know everything. Such a sad cognitive mistake, I see ppl doing it all the time...
I absolutely enjoy these videos. Thank you so much.
Great video and great explanations! Appreciate it.
Thank you for the answers I was seeking for decades!
Great explanation, Don. Thanks! 50 years reading/pondering this stuff, outdone in 11 minutes! Major... 😁
I always enjoy your videos.
Love your videos!
Thanks for hitting so many misconceptions in one video.
I liked the subtle difference you revealed about what big bang theory is and what it is perceived as.
Keep making such videos Dr Don.
Great approach and presentation !
Your video is just great! Huge respect!
Dr Lincoln has a fantastic way of explaining things. Thank you.
Dr. Don Lincoln is simply the best explainer of cosmology out there. Always 100%
Thanks for dumbing that down for me. The most educational thing I have watched for a while.
I am 82; I am not a scientist. But I have developed a strong interest in it.
Dr. Lincoln presents his key ideas in a clear, understandable manner. When I think of all the university professors that I had in under graduate and graduate school that mumbled, Dr. Lincoln is refreshing.
It might take a long time to figure it out because things are getting harder and harder. It has been over 100 years since Einstein's groundbreaking achievements. I used to read older astronomy books from the library when I was a teenager. So much has changed since then, incredible!
Even better: He doesn't claim all of them are his,BUT he's probably the best ať explaining them, which is far more valuable to me. Because IT doesn't matter how much of a genius you Are if you Are the only one. Mankind Is only able to move forward collectively, not as isolated individuals. That ship has sailed thousands of years ago.
“Big Bang is physics and physics is everything.” So well said!
Curious how is physics everything? How can physics be agent causation?
@Andrew Ongais Until new physics and math is created/found to develop these theories beyond speculation, we won't know. I mean I would like us to not have to stay beholden to c, so we can explore the universe at a more manageable rate. We just need better theories and better science to push us forward.
@Andrew Ongais it goes even deeper than physics, science cannot explain the simple, why do you chose to write on this forum? You intention cannot be broken down into chemical impulses of the brain. You have chosen to act and science cannot explain why.
Xmanx720 galaxy Same harem Logic that a buck uses in a field of does! Just for , let’s bucks just fighter out. Hahahaha
Just entertaining OURSELVES!
All $marta$$e$...
@@derdagian1 What!?
"What is the universe expanding into?"
What is the world of Warcraft expanding into when the creators release new content?
The honest answer is nobody knows.
computer server memory
The universe is expanding into other bits of the universe. You can do that if the universe doesn't have an edge.
@@SamGarcia No not memory, well yes and no, it is caching in sever memory(RAM doesn't store any permanent data whenever they reboot any given server for whatever reason, the memory gets wipes out, the game is expanding within a HDD or SSD.
HDDs or SSDs =p
This channel is exceptional!
New sub. I heard about this channel from the colab with PBS SpaceTime. Your content seems easier to follow for us normal unedjumacated folks. Keep it up
Neither of you can learn any content from this video. It's to unedjumacated.
How he keeps shrugging... "Sorry to blow your mind... again."
Priceless!
Thanks for that. I wasn't sure what the difference between expansion and inflation was until now - I'd thought they were pretty much synonymous with each other (as a matter of fact/event, as opposed to being just words describing a similar concept). I really enjoy your talks, so please continue making physics understandable - at least at this level. I wouldn't dream of saying I understand it academically LOL. Cheers!
Awww I was touched by what you said at the end. I hope we all get to know the truth of reality & the theory of everything!
Love this guy's channel. So much more comprehensible than others...
Thanks so much for posting this. It certainly clarified some of my misconceptions about the big bang.
Don't question the boom or you will be labeled flat earther haha new insult for those that question the popular myth
Neah, he only gave you more misconceptions. Instead take some lessons in using logic. We will then call you Mr. Spock.
Excelente explicação 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻🎓👨🏻🎓👩🏻🎓
Very informative and high quality.
Started watching today ur channel each video is osm . Keep on watching all of m . Can’t able to skip one 😂
Clearing throat when obviously a giant sphere thank you I love you for that.
underappreciated comment.
FINALLY! This is the first clear explanation of the Big Bang. I never understood how can be an infinite universe emerge from a single infinite dense spot called singularity. The answer is: it wasn't the case, just our current theory (Einstein's theory) can not describe it.
Thank YOU very much.
You are a very good teacher, sir.
God almighty said ( Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece , then we parted them ? and we have made from water every living thing . will they not then believe ? ) [ prophets : 30 ] .
and said ( And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are its expander).[ chapter 51: Verse 47 ]
Those verses from holy Quran before 1440 years told about( The Big Bang Theory ) that we are studying it recently discovered .
God almighty who created all the world he is only one God and he sent prophets and massengers Like Adam Ibrahim Moses Jesus Muhammad etc and revealed to them books like a book instructions of human bieng illustrates every thing we need to know .. Quran is the only book preserved from God from the past until now unlike another books hasn't been preserved .. so who wants to know truth of life he should read Quran to find the truth .
Many muslims are not following instructions of God well like isis or saudia arabia king for example, so do not judge Islam by behave of muslims .. unfortunately also media highlights the bad people in Islam so a wrong picture has been made about Islam .. Islam in arabic means ( submission to God ) .
szarvasmarha My excitement exactly. I didn’t think the universe was ever a singularity or infinitely dense. And I never thought there was meaning in the concept of T=0. But here it was explained for me that the “observable universe” was the size of a “proton” but possibly existing within an unobservable and possibly infinite universe. And the Big Bang is what happened after inflation ended at around T=10^-32 secs. I’m giddy after this clarification.
Dear Dr. Lincoln, Please post a video explaining about the Tachyons.
i love your honest admissions and i wish you good health for years to come :)
DR. Lincoln, thank you for clarifying for me what the Big Bang really is.Love your talks.
Dr. Lincoln, can we get a video about the nature of the inflaton field and it’s role in the inflationary hypothesis?
No, he doesn't have enough information about the hypothesis of inflation.
Thanks Don. Really good explanations. Fascinating stuff.
Great explanation.
The more I learn about the big bang the less I know about the big bang!
Time is quantized, too. The Plank time unit is 10^(-43) seconds and prof.Lincoln says we can't know nothing betwee t = 0 and t = 10^(-43)s. A quantum gravity theory could help, but it doesn't exist yet
Thank you for your channel. I watch this and PBS Spacetime religiously
You should really watch them scientifically.
@@michaelsommers2356 Not sure if you're joking or...? If you're serious about your comment, that's disappointing.
@@Cabolt44 It's a joke, but a serious joke. Far too many people approach science with a religious bias. I know that's not how the OP used the word, hence the joking part.
Why limit yourself to just watching on Sundays? 😉
Thanks. Short and captivating, more importantly it is enlightening. Keep up with the good work.
From Hker worldwide
Very good explanation professor. Congratulations. Difficult topic to digest completely. 👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏
Don Lincoln is the best physics lecturer ever ! Thankyou for this.
But, he hasn't said anything that makes logical sense.
Kathy, everything he says makes sense. Perfect sense.
"Well nobody was there at the time, so we can't possibly know anything"
If someone told me that I would ask them, if your house got robbed and nobody was there at the time, but there *was* any kind of DNA to trace back to the culprit, would you dismiss it because simply nobody was there at the time? 0:37
Yeah I'm afraid people claiming this are never going to learn anything.
So with that logic, there were no dinosaurs, right? Even though we found their fossils.
@@youuuuuuuuuuutube Exactly.... I don't understand some people sometimes...smh🤦♂️
@Johnny Mnemonic Well, see, you are kind of committing a false analogy fallacy because we aren't talking about DNA when we talk about the big bang; We are talking about electromagnetic radiation from the CMB.
@Johnny Mnemonic It kind of seems like it's not your thing though...
Massive fan Don. Keep the videos comming.
Really looking forward to the potential follow up video on before the big bang.
I was there. It really was a BIG bang! Take my word for it....
In the thumbnail for the vid, I thought he was holding a cup of noodles
Strings ARE kind of noodles packed with (sub)nuclear energy.
Hello Dr Lincoln. First of all I am a very big fan of you and also Fermi lab☺️☺️. Your video series about so many topics on particle physics and cosmology where you explain them simply but not too simple is really fascinating ☺️. I have some questions that I do want to ask you but I don't know how much valid are they.
1. I have heard that electrons does not have any size but they contain mass and charge. So don't they create singularity? How are they different from a miniscule black hole?
2. Does big bang violate the known conservation laws? Will quantum gravity theories always maintain the known conservation laws?
3. As much as I know which can be wrong the velocity of light in free space from every frame of reference is always constant. So how does velocity can be constant when it is relation between distance and time (I don't know if I said it correctly)
4. Also in the movie interstellar Cooper jumps into the black hole in hope of knowing about singularity and thus solving quantum gravity. But doesn't studying the wormhole which is created by using the laws of quantum gravity help them more to solve the mystery?
Thanks for your videos and for this explanation... I like your mindset about rather focusing on what we don't know, focus on what we do know and awe about this wonderful universe we live in... but then can't help think how this precious knowledge doesn't serve us to see the same beauty about our existence in this planet and that we still fight for land, resources, territories, power... How can that be
Thank you for this cogent explanation. I have heard so many scientists use the term singularity and infinitely small or infinitely dense to describe the early universe, or black holes. Maybe they are just sloppy in their terminology. It always gave me the impression that they didnt know what they were talking about, or were treating the public like children.
Love your videos. I do not have a scientific background. I only got through high school physics 40 years ago, but I enjoy expanding my knowledge of the world in which I live. Question: The inflation idea sounds wild! But, knowing how powerful it was, why did it last for only the briefest period of time? It seems like something this powerful would be difficult to stop.
Dr Alan guth from MIT proposed the inflation theory. In the 1980's . He stated, ( I am paraphrasing. ) the expansion was do to inflation where the forces .Weak and strong were moving faster than lightspeed. He than went to say the reason that inflation only lasted for a short time was do part of light coming into existence. So the reason why inflation didn't break the laws of physics.was light was not in existence. And once light came into existence it put the brakes on inflation.
mind blown! Thanks again, Dr. Lincoln!
I like the way you enter the screen ...
It's beautiful to be able to relax in an alternative-facts-free zone like this and just let your mind enjoy itself.
the big bang is still bangin'
thank you it gave me insight..
Honesty appreciated.
After the number line explanation, every time you say "the universe" I feel like you should be saying "the visible universe"
Don Lincoln says optimistically - "Imagine what we'll know a century from now..". I add rather pessimistically "... if we continue to exist, that is..."
Literally my exact same thought.
Visionaries like you improved human life in the last 1-2 centuries
We??? ...
Apes molecular biochemistry should be engineered to outgoing environmental conditions ... With time, allocated entities are not required ...
You are awesome! I've read my share of science books, specially astrophysics, but everything you explain is so clear and accurate!
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!