No one is gonna read this since I'm 3 weeks late but this video came out on my 18th birthday and I wanted to post a comment. I've been watching the channel for 5 years now and it has never ceased to interest me. There's not a single other channel like that. Thanks Isaac.
4 Months late some random dude reads this comment because he's put off watching Isaac's videos due to time constraints and is now catching up. Happy belated Birthday.
I always think of Juggler of Worlds for planets decoupled from their stars. Not quite the same, that story features 5 planets in a Klemperer rosette orbiting a mutual barycenter as they traverse their way out of the galactic plane. The planets are lit and heated by artificial fusion powered satellite suns in orbit around them.
I'd love to see an episode on capturing rogue planets or nearby stars that are passing through, if it's even possible. Or maybe an episode dedicated to colonising them!
@@F.Wormsworth I think I watched that one. I remember one where a group was it to survive, by flying to a planet. Someone tried to stop the pilot from opening the hatch until they checked the air. He was "why bother? We can breath it or not. And we're dead if we can't."
There's a short story called A Pail of Air. It's somewhat fanciful considering the family survives the vacuum outside with layers of blankets and curtains to keep a tiny pocket of air around a small fire. They have to journey out periodically to gather up solid oxygen to bring home to evaporate by the fire.
Isaac Arthur. One of the few youtubers where I can correctly hit "like" on his video before I even watch it and still be 100% accurate on my premade opinion. Now, off to watch his vid! 😄
Me: oh boy Isaac uploaded, I hope its something about intergalactic politi- Isaac: what will happen if our planet got yeeted and now have a 24/7 Ice Age for eternity?
Alright, idea for a story: the earth is destined to become a rogue planet. Two desperate plans are concocted: those that can afford it leave on the arks. Everyone else moves underground. Neither was a good option; those on the arks knew they had nowhere to go. Those underground understood that they were unlikely to ever see the stars again. The two groups made a pact that the earthbound would leave a beacon in orbit so that anyone who found it would know that someone was trapped. They hoped that eventually, they would find eachother agaun, but doubted it. A few hundred thousand years go by. The earthbound are fine. In fact, they're doing well. However, much of their history has become myth as firmly believed to be true as the Greek myths. The ark people have barely survived, but their knowledge of the past is better. Still, it is more a legend than a myth, but some believe it. Anyway, the arklings pick up the signal and believe they are aliens. In many ways, they are; while both are humanoid, their bodies and minds have diverged quite a lot, to the point that they could be mistaken for aliens. So the arklings pick up the signal and decide to investigate. It costs them greatly; the entire industry of the kingdoms (it's a funeral system) is committed to investigating the planet. The beacon, as they get closer, transmits a song that is inexplicably pleasing to the Arkling's ears in a way that something so alien shouldn't be. They get there and see a symbol on the beacon that was passed through millenia in stories, carved into floorboards, in paintings,drawings, and is such a part of their culture that it shows up on some flags; the symbol for "Unity." That was the name of the Pact; the Unity Pact. So this gets people wild and after being unable to contact anyone in the earth, they start digging. The encounter, when they meet, is incredibly tense. The Earthbound have become significantly smaller than any human, but they're not dwarves. Closer to tiny elves, really. very slender, unbelievable white skin, silver iris...the arklings show the symbol for Unity and are immediately taken to the king of the colony they find. The king sees the symbol and begins crying. Like the arklings, the symbol has been passed through generations, but the meaning was lost. It was the symbol for every underground civilization, it turns out. Not all did great, but some did better. They range from apocalyptic tunnel monsters to technocratic paradises where everyone has become robots. Yet, they all use this symbol.
Got some anachronism over there with the history becoming myth...scratching stories into the "floorboards" & all that. This is all stuff that's gunna be recorded & stored by both parties. mind you it's a lot of time for misinformation to take it's toll but cross-referencing each others histories would likely fix that. also the subterraneans have no reason to evolve small & all that. They live in human-sized well lit buildings. There are no selective pressures to go that way. Also after a few hundred years they will be back to advancing science & they would still have space travel tech from the bigging. We have the tech to go interstellar now so i imagine that's some info they'd keep & use regularly
Bro I'm too damn gullible and dyslexic I didn't see you said it's a story idea then I read it hoping you were bullshiting while shitting my pants im such a dumbass lmao 😂. I like it tho I read the whole thing (and im not a big reader) just saying if you can get a dummy like me to read something that is longer than a paragraph you're probably a half decent writer.
This was such a memorable episode from Kurzgesagt. Glad to see you do an episode on this too, and you did a great job describing how tenuous planetary orbits really are.
If we were a rogue planet, could we place thousands of tiny artificial suns in low/medium orbit? These would be fusion reactors designed to output heat and light at Earth. Also increase atmospheric CO2 to a few parts per thousand, or whatever the oceans could tolerate. Between the reactors we could place mirrors as well -- basically we provide heat and light for the planet and blanket ourselves as best we can.
@@NightTimeDay Eh I think of it as a gateway channel to the more in-depth science channels. Can’t really expect most people to watch videos like these right off the bat, Kurzgesagt is a nice place to start
Man, this channel has come a long ways! I was so used to your natural voice I didn't need the subtitles at all back then, but it's amazing to hear how much practice you've gotten
This channel has been so helpful for my mental health. I’m a ponderer when I’m just working and I can easily overthink into an anxious spiral. This content always gives me ways to feel hopeful and informed about the future
One thing to mention. The further into the Earth you dig for cities, the warmer it gets, generally. About 25 deg C / km. That would save a lot on heating and allow the use of temperature gradients for energy production. But it would cause a problem because of the need for enhanced ventilation. So dig down far enough to keep the habitable areas at about the right temperature, and then dig shafts much further down for geothermal energy.
Some people would debate you on that movie being "good". However that is an excellent example. Along with the spaceship earth episode. th-cam.com/video/oim7VvUURd8/w-d-xo.html
@@florin604 First of all, don't be so daft. It would likely be just another energy generator alongside the others running. Secondly..."meaningful civilization"? What does that even mean, especially in this context of Earth as a rogue planet. We'd be lucky to survive much less have some kind of civ as we know it. Also, Stirling engines are some of the best things to hook up to a generator (or be a generator in some designs) ESPECIALLY where there are extreme temperature gradients (in this case molten rock on the hot side and frozen nitrogen side on the cold side...can't get much more ideal AND they don't use fuel to run).
You tickle the mind for us trapped up in it. The titles alone splendid and powerful. It's been a great channel and continues to be. Forgive me but it's been 5 6 years and I never hit notifications. I will today. Thank you...Your a gem to this 🌎. Semper Fi
I would have interpreted humanity could potentially survive the whole process; I mean it; like building massive megapolises similar to matrix 01 or subterrenean cities closer to the core and leaving some advanced outposts on the surface
But we don't have the tech to drill anywhere close to the core. I don't think we can even properly drill to the mantle unless we started at the thinnest part of the crust on the ocean floor
@@thedoruk6324 I saw something not so long ago that said before we even get through the crust the heat is so intense the drills start to melt. And the stuff they're drilling into becomes so malleable it's like putty and near impossible to drill effectively
@@himynameis3664 I agree with you that we do not currently have for technology. However if we are facing extinction we will develop the technology very quickly
You've just covered something I've wondered about for a long time after reading about other rogue planets. I was mostly interested in what would happen POST-ejection. I'd love to see a computer simulation where all insolation is simply turned off with the moon to supply tidal warming and without. Is there a sci-fi book on this?
In essence, this sort of scenario could turn us into a Europa type world dependent only on non-solar forces to create internal heat. But even if we managed to adapt to living underground, the air won't last forever. perhaps nuclear energy could take up the load by providing heat, melting ice and splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen to keep replenishing our atmosphere, such as it is under ground
I think one would use the energy for lighting industrial complexes where photosynthetic bacteria make the O2. Probably also for underground farming areas since we need organic matter as food anyway.
before I even watched your video (just saw the title), I already thought about it: if it happens immediately, we are virtually done. if we find a planet that happens to pass earth in 10-15 years (from now) and would more or less eject earth from the solar system (in theory, earth could even just be yanked into a highly eliptical orbit). first stage: ramp up agricultural production, we need to be able to run on batteries for some time. second stage: we need to find energy sources. nuclear is a massive option, but takes some time to ramp up. fossile sources would add greenhouse gasses, but once we leave our regular orbit, that would actually help. besides, there is a technology in the works, that allows drilling holes for up to 20km dept. this could supply us with energy for a looong time. third stage: even if we manage to keep ourselves warm, the biosphere is gone. we need to freeze animals, plants, fungi, seeds, bacteria, etc (and people who we can't rescue to survivie, just give them a chance). fourth stage: soon after the ejection, we need to have a food production running for many of us (hydroponics, aeroponics, algae). there will be deaths, this is unavoidable. I think, a lot of people will be living in submerged cities in the oceans, because ice is a good insulator. fifth stage: we need to salvage everything from the surface. the atmosphere should be now fluid, but it would be at most a 20m deep sea above our regular ice-oceans. the ecological balance will be gone, everything will be frozen, but we could survive. the biggest problem besides of not having sunlight in the longterm will be seismic activities, either by the low temperatures on the surface, or by using geothermal energy. so, we will lose a significant percentage of the population, but we can survive. and our bunkers need to be stable enough to endure those earthquakes. long term: dig down deeper and deeper, until we dismantle earth with all the fun technologies like orbital rings, etc. maybe, a few thousand years later, we reach another star, but earth got turned into a massive spaceship.
An interesting consequence of the Landauer limit and other thermal limitations on computing is that a post-biological (or bioborged) civilization might intentionally do this to their own planet to take advantage of the increased efficiency from the cold. They might even go as far as artificially cooling the planet further, meaning you could end up with planets cold enough to have oceans of liquid hydrogen or even helium if they went really crazy with it. This would invert our usual assumptions about the population distribution of said societies too: instead of dense populations surrounding the warm regions close to stars with sparse amounts of small habitats floating around between, you would find sparse populations living close to stars to extract resources while the cold voids between would be the big population centers.
well they'd probably want to be densely packed for minimizing comms lag so they'd be turning stars off & going as compact as heat rejection lets them with less dense swarms out around every rouge body larger than 100km accrros. Or maybe you'd get just that one dense swarm with everything else being auto harvesters. who knows
Imagion, a huge alien home world, comes down and parks between earth and Mars. Then texts everybody's cell phone "hey we come in peace, we love your music"
a very popular view of this scenario involves dark matter passing close enough to our system to sideswipe a chunk of it out of orbit and into the great beyond. how likely is this to happen? and if not likely, just how much hooey is it? would a gamma ray burst have the ability to disrupt orbits from it's light pressure?
My understanding (based on half-remembering Isaac's video about dark matter from a while back) is that we don't know enough about dark matter to be able to say how likely something like that would be, or if it is even possible. But common sense suggests that if interloping blobs of rogue dark matter ejecting planets from the solar system were super frequent, we would have already been ejected long ago, so I wouldn't worry. As for gamma ray bursts, I suspect if we are getting blasted by gamma rays strong enough to perturb our orbit even slightly just from the light pressure, then that orbital perturbation will actually be the least of our worries (compared to being roasted by gamma rays, I mean).
Our current understanding of dark matter is that it is much more diffuse than ordinary matter, because most processes that clump matter together (like star or galaxy formation) require electromagnetic interactions i.e. collisions. DM colliding with itself probably does not loose momentum enough to stop and clump together due to lack of EM interactions. Therefore, a cloud of dark matter passing through our solar system will likely be of an order of magnitude larger than the entire solar system, which will not cause significant perturbations in the individual planet orbits
Depends on if they're MACHOs or WIMPs... if MACHOs, then Isaac proposed some scenarios. If, WIMPs, we don't have any viable candidates or scenarios for them to conglomerate together. As for the light pressure from GRBs, it's a super massive burst of light and gamma rays, but for a very short period of time so negligible on the solid mass of a planet, so you wouldn't have sustained light pressure acting on masses. GRBs are mostly due to giant supernovae and the ejecta of solar material in the supernova would be the initial kick for planetary ejection. The black hole left after this supernova would logically be less massive than the progenitor star and that would be the mechanism for planetary ejection..
Thanks to Isaac Arthur I have discovered 5 more planets. Mockuwe, Oath, Chewpita, Yawanus and of cawss - Sutton 😝And as I'm getting ready to retreat into my survival bunghole, I confirmed once more that a true sense of humour is rooted in one's ability to make fun of himself.
I'm surprised stars pass thru the solar system that frequently, as we're in a relatively unpopulated region of the galaxy. This gives credence to the galactic goldilocks zone theory since anywhere more populated than here could be too gravitationally dangerous to support life
Yeh, we found a bunch of super Earths / gas giants close to their Stars, but that's because they are most easily detectable, we can barely detect an Earth mass planet and one with a period similar to Earth which would have less effect on the star due to it's distance would be even harder to detect, so it isn't fair to say our solar system stands out because our data isn't good enough to know that.
I have a hard time following along without closed caption subtitles. There is a lot of knowledge being transferred at once in Isaac Arthur's videos, would be nice to have written words to refer to.
Has anyone ran the numbers on whether Geothermal heat flux would be enough to maintain liquid water either near the mid-ocean ridges or within deep trenches? A few kilometers of ice would be quite a good insulator and the decay of Uranium and Thorium will keep supplying energy for billions of years even without taking into account the tidal heating caused by whatever ejects Earth.
It should be more than enough. Afaik all of Jupiter's Galilean moons (except Io) are expected to have subsurface oceans while their internal heating is substantially less than Earth's. Io has 1.5-4 times more internal heating than Earth and whatever surface water it may have once had boiled away because of it.
the mention of re-entry made me think, what is it like to aerobrake or lithobrake a planet or moon that was just transferred between two parent celestial bodies? Would it be feasible to dip the surface of the earth into the atmosphere of another sun while trying to capture around it? especially if the surface of the planet is no longer used, it might be acceptable to just burn away part of the crust (probably just a few meters of soil) during aerobraking to assist in capture to another system.
I feel like almost every video has either a great story to be seen or a great setting to tell stories in. I really wish some Hollywood types would find this channel and take some of these ideas. I can only imagine how great a scifi movie could be if they used sfia as a reference.
Someone who watches sfia could make a scifi show like startrek set in a dyson swarm with only current technology (no ftl, teleportation, anti-gravity or other 'magic' technology.) You might include advanced concepts like moving the entire star or striping matter off of it. Or there could be examples of ridiculous magastructures that were only built for fun/"because we can" I think such a setting could have all kinds of interesting stories in it. And you could have a relatively crowded space without going outside whats plausible like most other scifi shows
There may be a staggering number of dwarf planet and up sized rogue objects, hitching rides with all sorts of equipment upon the next one passing say within 50AU could offer intriguing possibilities.
Mr. Arthur, if you haven't, I recommend you check out the Caplan thruster. It's a concept for a fusion torch engine that is designed to move the solar system and isn't limited to moving the Star above or below the galactic plane.
Always laugh at the beginning of the TV show Space 1999. the fact that the moon de-orbit the Earth, then went Interstellar was really funny. Used up, my life's entire "Suspension Of Disbelief."
Earth could multi- class Druid/Rogue/Warrior In honor of Thor, Gaia, and Loki..... I'm just not down with being a rogue only planet... Anybody know the D.M. and how to get ahold of him?
Gaia was a Titan/Giantess technically and was Thor's mother also known as Jord and a few other names.... . It's why Odin trusted Midgard to Thor. Since he was half/half and of the earth. Truthfully, all religions are so intertwined...... Christianity has many elements of Pagan, Egyptian, Greek, Roman etc....such as the calender Tuesday being Tyr's day, Wednesday day being Woden's day (Odin) Thursday/Thor...Friday Frigga Saturday/Saturn ,Sunday for the Sun or Ra, Monday is fir selune Monday iirc.... Tons of stuff....
we would dig in, use fusion reactors for unlimited power, and pave the surface with asphalt to create a perfectly smooth black marble that we could race on with fusion powered supercars
Soooooo..... The Vogons could've just moved the Earth to make a hyper space bypass? And the Empire never needed a planet destroying Death Star, just a fleet of tugs to move a planet? Great video! Very thought provoking! Can you do a video about your views on the current crop of sci-fi movies and tv shows? I would like to hear what mr. Arthur thinks of New Dune and Moonfall. And Don't look up too!
Well, they did post that notice, so Earth should have had plenty of time to take care of it themselves. Can't just go giving charity to every little planet, they have to take some responsibility for themselves. It's just responsible economic governance. Citizen's taxes and all that.
I love these Thursday episodes. In anticipation of this particular episode I started thinking about rogue planets. That lead me to thinking about something that I don't believe that I have thought of before. A planetary system without a star at its center. I am imagining a terrestrial planet with roughly the mass of our sun at the center. It would most likely have relatively little hydrogen and be composed of the heavier elements. This central planet could then have more conventional planets orbiting it. Sorry, it was just a wild thought that I wanted to share.
Any collection of matter with stellar mass would keep all the hydrogen it started with or quickly colllect a bunch so no realistic way for that to form naturally. Even if it for some reason it didn't have any hydrogen, but still had a star's worth of matter it would immediately collapse into a white dwarf as fusion is the only thing that keeps a stellar mass object from collapsing.
Falling object from the sky received a different scale in my mind because of russian rockets falling near by. Even without detonation, it falls with a loud sound and shake a house. Windows are broken around very often.
Great episode. I think my copy of the Hitchhiker's Guide might've been missing an important chapter. Also, if some other civilization had their rogue home world headed our way, how far away would we likely detect the incoming earth-sized iceball?
I'd expect it more likely that Earth ends up engaged in a death spiral with the sun or smashing into another planet due to orbital dynamics, but it's interesting to consider the possibilities of getting ejected. Certainly one way to travel!
There is a 2019 Chinese Sci-fi movie called The Wandering Earth, an adaption from a novel with the same name. It depicts exactly this scenario, except it was the sun was dying and humans had to shoot the earth into space and plan to arrive in the Alpha-Centauri system several thousand of years in the future. During this time people will be living in underground cities. It is quite a nice movie.
Orbits are 3D in that one crossing another's orbit can be either when the other is on the far side of its orbit or more "north or south" or "up or down" than the other.
what hurts the most about that opening line(as a creative) is when you realize it was written in the Bible, meaning the sentiment existed even before that.
If the planet becomes really cold, geothermal energy could be tapped into everywhere, with liquid nitrogen being boiled by the heat from ordinary shallow groundwater, then turning turbines to generate electricity.
Thank you, Every week I am waiting for the next video, sometimes I dont have signal, sailing the oceans comes with some bad things: yre totally isolated.
23:23 As with old age, some will give up. What's that saying about old age isn't for the (what's the word?) squeamish, but some will press forward to become non-human.
Found a new binge channel! I recognize some of these video assets from John Micheal Godier videos. I came here from a recommended video after watching a ton of his.
Another great video Isaac Arthur. I have a question for you, what if there was at least one more habitable, or indeed inhabited planet in our solar system?
Haven't watched the whole video yet, but as a non-expert, I would think Earth becoming a rogue planet would be less than ideal for all life on Earth.
😆
"Less than ideal" is a great phrase. I use it frequently. Also try "at the end of it's useful lifespan" when your shit breaks.
We could survive by suspending gold particles in the atmosphere to retain heat
If we eject our planet from the solar system, do you think the remaining planets will talk about us behind our back once we’re gone?
Especially Pluto..
@@PatThePerson Pluto is a shady bitch
@@PatThePersonGood thing it's not a planet am I right
Uranus definitely would.
That guy’s an ass.
I'm sorry that I had to take the likes out of 69
It would definitely affect the trout population.
And the manufacture spare towels.
Yeah, maybe Trout Unlimited could do some habitat restoration. . .
🤣
Nice
Yuck yuck! Get serious.
No one is gonna read this since I'm 3 weeks late but this video came out on my 18th birthday and I wanted to post a comment.
I've been watching the channel for 5 years now and it has never ceased to interest me. There's not a single other channel like that.
Thanks Isaac.
4 Months late some random dude reads this comment because he's put off watching Isaac's videos due to time constraints and is now catching up.
Happy belated Birthday.
@@Gaehhn Thank you.
Nice dude! I'm 19 now been watching Issac Arthur since I was 14
This situation reminds me of the set up for Fritz Leiber's 'Pail of Air'. A fantastic story.
Came here to ask why this classic story wasn't mentioned in the show
@@cholten99 great minds think alike.
I always think of Juggler of Worlds for planets decoupled from their stars. Not quite the same, that story features 5 planets in a Klemperer rosette orbiting a mutual barycenter as they traverse their way out of the galactic plane. The planets are lit and heated by artificial fusion powered satellite suns in orbit around them.
I'd love to see an episode on capturing rogue planets or nearby stars that are passing through, if it's even possible. Or maybe an episode dedicated to colonising them!
i love this episode idea!
Would be cool! Would save us time finding a new place to live on
When Worlds Collide (1933,1951) Book and movie
@@F.Wormsworth
I think I watched that one. I remember one where a group was it to survive, by flying to a planet. Someone tried to stop the pilot from opening the hatch until they checked the air.
He was "why bother? We can breath it or not. And we're dead if we can't."
Depending on it's direction and mass
You'll need a huge power to speed it to correct speed for it to not get out of our solar system
There's a short story called A Pail of Air. It's somewhat fanciful considering the family survives the vacuum outside with layers of blankets and curtains to keep a tiny pocket of air around a small fire. They have to journey out periodically to gather up solid oxygen to bring home to evaporate by the fire.
There is no vacuum on a Rogue Earth, the slightest bit of heat melts the oxygen.. only 10% of the atmosphere is oxygen..
What if Jupiter didn't *eject* any early planets, but *ate* them?
Isaac Arthur. One of the few youtubers where I can correctly hit "like" on his video before I even watch it and still be 100% accurate on my premade opinion. Now, off to watch his vid! 😄
Me: oh boy Isaac uploaded, I hope its something about intergalactic politi-
Isaac: what will happen if our planet got yeeted and now have a 24/7 Ice Age for eternity?
Alright, idea for a story: the earth is destined to become a rogue planet. Two desperate plans are concocted: those that can afford it leave on the arks. Everyone else moves underground. Neither was a good option; those on the arks knew they had nowhere to go. Those underground understood that they were unlikely to ever see the stars again. The two groups made a pact that the earthbound would leave a beacon in orbit so that anyone who found it would know that someone was trapped. They hoped that eventually, they would find eachother agaun, but doubted it. A few hundred thousand years go by. The earthbound are fine. In fact, they're doing well. However, much of their history has become myth as firmly believed to be true as the Greek myths. The ark people have barely survived, but their knowledge of the past is better. Still, it is more a legend than a myth, but some believe it. Anyway, the arklings pick up the signal and believe they are aliens. In many ways, they are; while both are humanoid, their bodies and minds have diverged quite a lot, to the point that they could be mistaken for aliens. So the arklings pick up the signal and decide to investigate. It costs them greatly; the entire industry of the kingdoms (it's a funeral system) is committed to investigating the planet. The beacon, as they get closer, transmits a song that is inexplicably pleasing to the Arkling's ears in a way that something so alien shouldn't be. They get there and see a symbol on the beacon that was passed through millenia in stories, carved into floorboards, in paintings,drawings, and is such a part of their culture that it shows up on some flags; the symbol for "Unity." That was the name of the Pact; the Unity Pact. So this gets people wild and after being unable to contact anyone in the earth, they start digging. The encounter, when they meet, is incredibly tense. The Earthbound have become significantly smaller than any human, but they're not dwarves. Closer to tiny elves, really. very slender, unbelievable white skin, silver iris...the arklings show the symbol for Unity and are immediately taken to the king of the colony they find. The king sees the symbol and begins crying. Like the arklings, the symbol has been passed through generations, but the meaning was lost. It was the symbol for every underground civilization, it turns out. Not all did great, but some did better. They range from apocalyptic tunnel monsters to technocratic paradises where everyone has become robots. Yet, they all use this symbol.
Got some anachronism over there with the history becoming myth...scratching stories into the "floorboards" & all that. This is all stuff that's gunna be recorded & stored by both parties. mind you it's a lot of time for misinformation to take it's toll but cross-referencing each others histories would likely fix that.
also the subterraneans have no reason to evolve small & all that. They live in human-sized well lit buildings. There are no selective pressures to go that way. Also after a few hundred years they will be back to advancing science & they would still have space travel tech from the bigging. We have the tech to go interstellar now so i imagine that's some info they'd keep & use regularly
Sounds pretty cool. You should give it a shot!
Bro I'm too damn gullible and dyslexic I didn't see you said it's a story idea then I read it hoping you were bullshiting while shitting my pants im such a dumbass lmao 😂. I like it tho I read the whole thing (and im not a big reader) just saying if you can get a dummy like me to read something that is longer than a paragraph you're probably a half decent writer.
This was such a memorable episode from Kurzgesagt. Glad to see you do an episode on this too, and you did a great job describing how tenuous planetary orbits really are.
Kurzgesagt means om my language short said. Probebly the same meaning in german. 30 min is not short said 😂
@@catooksnes4545 they have done quite long videos anyways as well tho.
I remain subscribed to Kurzgesagt yet wouldn’t call it impressive; SFIA, however, rules TH-cam. 👑
I really do miss the old Kurzgesatz, before they got popular and sold out
except they get things wrong often and use biased scientific research instead of objective. Isaac is always objective from what I have seen.
Rogue Arthursday time!
Every days a Arthurs day.
@@Bibibosh 845pm 7⁶⅞⁷⁶77777⅞7777777777777⁷⁶þ⁶⁶⁶⁶
If we were a rogue planet, could we place thousands of tiny artificial suns in low/medium orbit? These would be fusion reactors designed to output heat and light at Earth. Also increase atmospheric CO2 to a few parts per thousand, or whatever the oceans could tolerate.
Between the reactors we could place mirrors as well -- basically we provide heat and light for the planet and blanket ourselves as best we can.
No reason to. May as well use them for street lights and heaters on the planet
This is is such a rare yet fascinating topic that I need to hear more on. This and that Kurzgesagt video just make me all the more curious about it.
Kurzgesagt is lame lol
@@NightTimeDay Eh I think of it as a gateway channel to the more in-depth science channels. Can’t really expect most people to watch videos like these right off the bat, Kurzgesagt is a nice place to start
@@viacrucishector1821 that's true
@@viacrucishector1821 that’s true.
I was introduced to this channel when I was first watching the stellar engine video so I gave it a shot.
Man, this channel has come a long ways! I was so used to your natural voice I didn't need the subtitles at all back then, but it's amazing to hear how much practice you've gotten
This channel has been so helpful for my mental health. I’m a ponderer when I’m just working and I can easily overthink into an anxious spiral. This content always gives me ways to feel hopeful and informed about the future
Same
Heck yeah! Me as well
Earth: "I must go now, my planet needs me!" Everyone on earth: 😱
One thing to mention. The further into the Earth you dig for cities, the warmer it gets, generally. About 25 deg C / km. That would save a lot on heating and allow the use of temperature gradients for energy production. But it would cause a problem because of the need for enhanced ventilation. So dig down far enough to keep the habitable areas at about the right temperature, and then dig shafts much further down for geothermal energy.
There is a good movie about the purposeful movement of the Earth called "The Wandering Earth".
Some people would debate you on that movie being "good". However that is an excellent example. Along with the spaceship earth episode.
th-cam.com/video/oim7VvUURd8/w-d-xo.html
@@mill2712 In this case my definition of good is it does not really express any overt agenda other then to provide mindless entertainment.
If the surface is so cold as to freeze nitrogen and there are areas of high heat, such as volcanoes and similar...seems good for Stirling engines.
It would freeze and fall in layers “A pale of air” if a fantastic short story about just this
@@MGarafano Neat!
That would not provide enough energy for a meaningful civilization... Your plan would kill us all
@@florin604 First of all, don't be so daft. It would likely be just another energy generator alongside the others running. Secondly..."meaningful civilization"? What does that even mean, especially in this context of Earth as a rogue planet. We'd be lucky to survive much less have some kind of civ as we know it. Also, Stirling engines are some of the best things to hook up to a generator (or be a generator in some designs) ESPECIALLY where there are extreme temperature gradients (in this case molten rock on the hot side and frozen nitrogen side on the cold side...can't get much more ideal AND they don't use fuel to run).
From “Megastructures” to here…..
It’s been a long-catch up. Honored to be here.
You tickle the mind for us trapped up in it. The titles alone splendid and powerful. It's been a great channel and continues to be. Forgive me but it's been 5 6 years and I never hit notifications. I will today. Thank you...Your a gem to this 🌎. Semper Fi
I would have interpreted humanity could potentially survive the whole process; I mean it; like building massive megapolises similar to matrix 01 or subterrenean cities closer to the core and leaving some advanced outposts on the surface
I was going to post a similar comment. I agree completely.
But we don't have the tech to drill anywhere close to the core. I don't think we can even properly drill to the mantle unless we started at the thinnest part of the crust on the ocean floor
@@himynameis3664 we already been reached unexpectedly deep into the crust or mantle
@@thedoruk6324 I saw something not so long ago that said before we even get through the crust the heat is so intense the drills start to melt. And the stuff they're drilling into becomes so malleable it's like putty and near impossible to drill effectively
@@himynameis3664 I agree with you that we do not currently have for technology. However if we are facing extinction we will develop the technology very quickly
There's nothing like staying up until Friday in NZ to watch a fresh IA vid from the future
You've just covered something I've wondered about for a long time after reading about other rogue planets. I was mostly interested in what would happen POST-ejection. I'd love to see a computer simulation where all insolation is simply turned off with the moon to supply tidal warming and without. Is there a sci-fi book on this?
Kursgesagt has a nice animated video about this th-cam.com/video/gLZJlf5rHVs/w-d-xo.html
In essence, this sort of scenario could turn us into a Europa type world dependent only on non-solar forces to create internal heat. But even if we managed to adapt to living underground, the air won't last forever. perhaps nuclear energy could take up the load by providing heat, melting ice and splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen to keep replenishing our atmosphere, such as it is under ground
Oxygen is only a very small percentage of what we breathe though
@_____ all fair points yeah. Plenty of intelligent folk out there that I'm sure would come up with some wild solutions if things got desperate
I think one would use the energy for lighting industrial complexes where photosynthetic bacteria make the O2. Probably also for underground farming areas since we need organic matter as food anyway.
before I even watched your video (just saw the title), I already thought about it: if it happens immediately, we are virtually done. if we find a planet that happens to pass earth in 10-15 years (from now) and would more or less eject earth from the solar system (in theory, earth could even just be yanked into a highly eliptical orbit).
first stage: ramp up agricultural production, we need to be able to run on batteries for some time.
second stage: we need to find energy sources. nuclear is a massive option, but takes some time to ramp up. fossile sources would add greenhouse gasses, but once we leave our regular orbit, that would actually help. besides, there is a technology in the works, that allows drilling holes for up to 20km dept. this could supply us with energy for a looong time.
third stage: even if we manage to keep ourselves warm, the biosphere is gone. we need to freeze animals, plants, fungi, seeds, bacteria, etc (and people who we can't rescue to survivie, just give them a chance).
fourth stage: soon after the ejection, we need to have a food production running for many of us (hydroponics, aeroponics, algae). there will be deaths, this is unavoidable. I think, a lot of people will be living in submerged cities in the oceans, because ice is a good insulator.
fifth stage: we need to salvage everything from the surface. the atmosphere should be now fluid, but it would be at most a 20m deep sea above our regular ice-oceans. the ecological balance will be gone, everything will be frozen, but we could survive.
the biggest problem besides of not having sunlight in the longterm will be seismic activities, either by the low temperatures on the surface, or by using geothermal energy.
so, we will lose a significant percentage of the population, but we can survive. and our bunkers need to be stable enough to endure those earthquakes.
long term: dig down deeper and deeper, until we dismantle earth with all the fun technologies like orbital rings, etc. maybe, a few thousand years later, we reach another star, but earth got turned into a massive spaceship.
An interesting consequence of the Landauer limit and other thermal limitations on computing is that a post-biological (or bioborged) civilization might intentionally do this to their own planet to take advantage of the increased efficiency from the cold. They might even go as far as artificially cooling the planet further, meaning you could end up with planets cold enough to have oceans of liquid hydrogen or even helium if they went really crazy with it. This would invert our usual assumptions about the population distribution of said societies too: instead of dense populations surrounding the warm regions close to stars with sparse amounts of small habitats floating around between, you would find sparse populations living close to stars to extract resources while the cold voids between would be the big population centers.
well they'd probably want to be densely packed for minimizing comms lag so they'd be turning stars off & going as compact as heat rejection lets them with less dense swarms out around every rouge body larger than 100km accrros. Or maybe you'd get just that one dense swarm with everything else being auto harvesters. who knows
Imagion, a huge alien home world, comes down and parks between earth and Mars. Then texts everybody's cell phone "hey we come in peace, we love your music"
Love these Thursday videos
Its.... Arthursday!
it seems the earth might become a rouge planet, one nation at a time
Probably not. "Rouge" is a makeup product. :P
@@Asankeket lol, now that's made me a bit red in the face
Damn I’ve found a hidden befit to having a messed up sleep schedule
It would be Space 1999 except the Earth instead of the moon flying off on adventures.
Videos like this from many great content creators is why TH-cam is a threat to streaming services such as Netflix.
a very popular view of this scenario involves dark matter passing close enough to our system to sideswipe a chunk of it out of orbit and into the great beyond. how likely is this to happen? and if not likely, just how much hooey is it? would a gamma ray burst have the ability to disrupt orbits from it's light pressure?
My understanding (based on half-remembering Isaac's video about dark matter from a while back) is that we don't know enough about dark matter to be able to say how likely something like that would be, or if it is even possible. But common sense suggests that if interloping blobs of rogue dark matter ejecting planets from the solar system were super frequent, we would have already been ejected long ago, so I wouldn't worry. As for gamma ray bursts, I suspect if we are getting blasted by gamma rays strong enough to perturb our orbit even slightly just from the light pressure, then that orbital perturbation will actually be the least of our worries (compared to being roasted by gamma rays, I mean).
Our current understanding of dark matter is that it is much more diffuse than ordinary matter, because most processes that clump matter together (like star or galaxy formation) require electromagnetic interactions i.e. collisions. DM colliding with itself probably does not loose momentum enough to stop and clump together due to lack of EM interactions. Therefore, a cloud of dark matter passing through our solar system will likely be of an order of magnitude larger than the entire solar system, which will not cause significant perturbations in the individual planet orbits
Depends on if they're MACHOs or WIMPs... if MACHOs, then Isaac proposed some scenarios. If, WIMPs, we don't have any viable candidates or scenarios for them to conglomerate together.
As for the light pressure from GRBs, it's a super massive burst of light and gamma rays, but for a very short period of time so negligible on the solid mass of a planet, so you wouldn't have sustained light pressure acting on masses.
GRBs are mostly due to giant supernovae and the ejecta of solar material in the supernova would be the initial kick for planetary ejection. The black hole left after this supernova would logically be less massive than the progenitor star and that would be the mechanism for planetary ejection..
Thanks to Isaac Arthur I have discovered 5 more planets. Mockuwe, Oath, Chewpita, Yawanus and of cawss - Sutton 😝And as I'm getting ready to retreat into my survival bunghole, I confirmed once more that a true sense of humour is rooted in one's ability to make fun of himself.
I'm surprised stars pass thru the solar system that frequently, as we're in a relatively unpopulated region of the galaxy. This gives credence to the galactic goldilocks zone theory since anywhere more populated than here could be too gravitationally dangerous to support life
Yeh, we found a bunch of super Earths / gas giants close to their Stars, but that's because they are most easily detectable, we can barely detect an Earth mass planet and one with a period similar to Earth which would have less effect on the star due to it's distance would be even harder to detect, so it isn't fair to say our solar system stands out because our data isn't good enough to know that.
Love your channel and although I have no real problem understanding you , I do appreciate the closed captions.,. Do keep up the work I do enjoy it.
I have a hard time following along without closed caption subtitles. There is a lot of knowledge being transferred at once in Isaac Arthur's videos, would be nice to have written words to refer to.
There's an uploaded transcript on every episode of this show except the livestreams, this one included :)
Has anyone ran the numbers on whether Geothermal heat flux would be enough to maintain liquid water either near the mid-ocean ridges or within deep trenches? A few kilometers of ice would be quite a good insulator and the decay of Uranium and Thorium will keep supplying energy for billions of years even without taking into account the tidal heating caused by whatever ejects Earth.
It should be more than enough. Afaik all of Jupiter's Galilean moons (except Io) are expected to have subsurface oceans while their internal heating is substantially less than Earth's. Io has 1.5-4 times more internal heating than Earth and whatever surface water it may have once had boiled away because of it.
Feel like things be going pretty rogue here on earth already.
Pretty rogue, but not enough planetary
That's democrats and commies for you....
the mention of re-entry made me think, what is it like to aerobrake or lithobrake a planet or moon that was just transferred between two parent celestial bodies? Would it be feasible to dip the surface of the earth into the atmosphere of another sun while trying to capture around it? especially if the surface of the planet is no longer used, it might be acceptable to just burn away part of the crust (probably just a few meters of soil) during aerobraking to assist in capture to another system.
Midnight Sun, an excellent episode of classic Twilight Zone, for those interested. The black and white version is the best.
I feel like almost every video has either a great story to be seen or a great setting to tell stories in. I really wish some Hollywood types would find this channel and take some of these ideas.
I can only imagine how great a scifi movie could be if they used sfia as a reference.
Someone who watches sfia could make a scifi show like startrek set in a dyson swarm with only current technology (no ftl, teleportation, anti-gravity or other 'magic' technology.) You might include advanced concepts like moving the entire star or striping matter off of it. Or there could be examples of ridiculous magastructures that were only built for fun/"because we can"
I think such a setting could have all kinds of interesting stories in it. And you could have a relatively crowded space without going outside whats plausible like most other scifi shows
There may be a staggering number of dwarf planet and up sized rogue objects, hitching rides with all sorts of equipment upon the next one passing say within 50AU could offer intriguing possibilities.
Mr. Arthur, if you haven't, I recommend you check out the Caplan thruster. It's a concept for a fusion torch engine that is designed to move the solar system and isn't limited to moving the Star above or below the galactic plane.
We've looked at it and other systems before, see the Planet Ships and Fleet of Stars episodes
Always laugh at the beginning of the TV show Space 1999. the fact that the moon de-orbit the Earth, then went Interstellar was really funny.
Used up, my life's entire "Suspension Of Disbelief."
Yeah that one was worse than the Matrix's 'we use you for electricity'
Earth could multi- class Druid/Rogue/Warrior
In honor of Thor, Gaia, and Loki.....
I'm just not down with being a rogue only planet...
Anybody know the D.M. and how to get ahold of him?
Interesting you used 2 Nordic gods and 1 Greek goddess.
Gaia was a Titan/Giantess technically and was Thor's mother also known as Jord and a few other names.... . It's why Odin trusted Midgard to Thor. Since he was half/half and of the earth.
Truthfully, all religions are so intertwined......
Christianity has many elements of Pagan, Egyptian, Greek, Roman etc....such as the calender
Tuesday being Tyr's day, Wednesday day being Woden's day (Odin) Thursday/Thor...Friday Frigga Saturday/Saturn ,Sunday for the Sun or Ra, Monday is fir selune Monday iirc....
Tons of stuff....
Our fozen-ice surface would have too high a reflectivity for us to Hide in Shadows. Better drop the Rogue class and keep the others.
Deal!
Good timing.
we would dig in, use fusion reactors for unlimited power, and pave the surface with asphalt to create a perfectly smooth black marble that we could race on with fusion powered supercars
we could grind the moon to get gravel to smooth the surface
Just as soon as you have a useful fusion reactor.
@@calvingreene90 once the sun was gone heating things up we could use cold fusion.
science
@@werre2 Pseudoscience isn't particularly useful for warming urself up
@@werre2
If you can make it work.
Whoo hoo! Happy Arthursday!
Something passing through the ort cloud could make the late heavy bombardment look trivial.
in wandering earth, the earth has passed Neptune and the atmosphere is a mixture of liquids
Soooooo..... The Vogons could've just moved the Earth to make a hyper space bypass? And the Empire never needed a planet destroying Death Star, just a fleet of tugs to move a planet? Great video! Very thought provoking! Can you do a video about your views on the current crop of sci-fi movies and tv shows? I would like to hear what mr. Arthur thinks of New Dune and Moonfall. And Don't look up too!
Well, they did post that notice, so Earth should have had plenty of time to take care of it themselves. Can't just go giving charity to every little planet, they have to take some responsibility for themselves. It's just responsible economic governance. Citizen's taxes and all that.
Yes. But a fleet of tug ships just doesn't have that shock and awe factor.
I'm interested in how much HEATING of the planet would occur, due to being yanked out of orbit.
Was that addressed here, and I just missed it?
and maybe earthquakes🤔
I love these Thursday episodes.
In anticipation of this particular episode I started thinking about rogue planets. That lead me to thinking about something that I don't believe that I have thought of before. A planetary system without a star at its center.
I am imagining a terrestrial planet with roughly the mass of our sun at the center. It would most likely have relatively little hydrogen and be composed of the heavier elements. This central planet could then have more conventional planets orbiting it.
Sorry, it was just a wild thought that I wanted to share.
How would the planets form?
Any collection of matter with stellar mass would keep all the hydrogen it started with or quickly colllect a bunch so no realistic way for that to form naturally. Even if it for some reason it didn't have any hydrogen, but still had a star's worth of matter it would immediately collapse into a white dwarf as fusion is the only thing that keeps a stellar mass object from collapsing.
@@uncleanunicorn4571 my guess is that they would form from a planetary disk. Just my guess though.
Look up Juggler of Worlds by Larry Niven, somewhat similar to what you're describing.
@@barahng Larry Niven is an amazing author. I love his Ringworld series.
A nice overview of the subject. Thanks.
Honestly, something like a rogue earth situation or a radical shift in orbit would the the only way humanity could ever become a multiparty species.
The Wandering Earth is a good movie about this concept, on Netflix. Underground cities and big planetary thrusters.
Came here as fast as a relativistic kill missile!
Right, everyone off the planet for a few decades, we're moving it.
Finally new video, thanks.
LOVE the new music! And amazing video as always Mr Arthur 😜
Falling object from the sky received a different scale in my mind because of russian rockets falling near by. Even without detonation, it falls with a loud sound and shake a house. Windows are broken around very often.
Great episode. I think my copy of the Hitchhiker's Guide might've been missing an important chapter. Also, if some other civilization had their rogue home world headed our way, how far away would we likely detect the incoming earth-sized iceball?
I'd expect it more likely that Earth ends up engaged in a death spiral with the sun or smashing into another planet due to orbital dynamics, but it's interesting to consider the possibilities of getting ejected. Certainly one way to travel!
In a billiard ball hit, throwing earth OUT is much more likely.
Halfway in. Terrific video !
There is a 2019 Chinese Sci-fi movie called The Wandering Earth, an adaption from a novel with the same name. It depicts exactly this scenario, except it was the sun was dying and humans had to shoot the earth into space and plan to arrive in the Alpha-Centauri system several thousand of years in the future. During this time people will be living in underground cities. It is quite a nice movie.
Hi Isaac, I enjoy watching your content from my home in Jamaica. Great job.
Isaac, your work is amazing.
I cannot believe that you have less than a million subscribers honest to God
Neg that. I'm astounded.
3:22 ...when the sun doth shine and the moon doth glow
Orbits are 3D in that one crossing another's orbit can be either when the other is on the far side of its orbit or more "north or south" or "up or down" than the other.
If earth becomes a rogue planet... Do we all have to dress like samurai?
Great episode! Scary if ever I become immortal.
NOTIFICATION GANG!!
Nope.
Just coincidally refreshed the page^^
Oh a new one I’m going to listen to this later at work while burning down roles of roofing (dang there is no torch on roofing emoji😂)
If the sun came with us but we were kicked out of the galaxy everything would be ok except the night sky.
The Wandering Earth
PG-13 2019 ‧ Sci-fi/Drama
That music is slammin XD. Thx for the video
I'm over here looking for "Schwart's Star" and then "Short's Star" like an idiot. It's Scholz Star.
An entire video on earth wandering through space and not one mention of the great movie The Wandering Earth?
Make sure to bring your spare towel....oh and btw, thanks for the fish 🐟
My first guess is that it might solve global warming.
"climate change" keep up old man
🤣
@@rickstorm4198 It's a joke, bird brain.
what hurts the most about that opening line(as a creative) is when you realize it was written in the Bible, meaning the sentiment existed even before that.
Zoe The Robot told me that "If the earth became a roque planet, the empire would quickly swoop in and whip us back into shape."
also, atlas fallout will have its own website
If the planet becomes really cold, geothermal energy could be tapped into everywhere, with liquid nitrogen being boiled by the heat from ordinary shallow groundwater, then turning turbines to generate electricity.
Thank you, Every week I am waiting for the next video, sometimes I dont have signal, sailing the oceans comes with some bad things: yre totally isolated.
atlas fallout will do a video about this topic it is based off of the short story wandering earth
23:23 As with old age, some will give up. What's that saying about old age isn't for the (what's the word?) squeamish, but some will press forward to become non-human.
It would be like turning earth into a generational starship
Isaac also has a Video on doing exactly that. See Episode "Planet Ships".
Found a new binge channel!
I recognize some of these video assets from John Micheal Godier videos. I came here from a recommended video after watching a ton of his.
fire up the fusion candles, this planet is going places.
I like this new style of video.
Another great video Isaac Arthur. I have a question for you, what if there was at least one more habitable, or indeed inhabited planet in our solar system?
Now that might actually make for a good episode too :)
@@isaacarthurSFIA Thought it'd interest you.
That’s a good one
I think that issac should do an episode(s) on the life in a bunker
"Subterranean Civilizations" already exists, but a "Life in-" ep for that might be interesting though idk if there's enough content there
This is the setting for Pushing Ice by Alastair Reynolds, except Janus is the rogue planet in this case
People would freak out. Does the average person even know that planets can go rogue? Imagine how the Aztecs would have reacted.
Quick get more sacrifices.
Yes even the babies.
Why would the Dungeon Master let that happen? Earth is a natural Druid.....