There's a Hole in the Periodic Table... and it's Technetium
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 9 มิ.ย. 2024
- In this video, I explain the HOLE in the Periodic Table... Technetium.
www.youtube.com/@TheChemNerd4...
Sources:
ptable.com/#Isotopes/Count
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_n...)
Models:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:43...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:42...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:44...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:94...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:99...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:10...
creativecommons.org/licenses/...
#science #chemistry #education
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Check out my playlist for more chemistry theory like this!
th-cam.com/video/bCoxgaBxV84/w-d-xo.html
It's also worth mentioning Promethium (Z=61) which also has no stable isotopes, for similar reasons. Promethium-145 is the most stable isotope with a half-life of 17.7 years.
That’s true! Although I wanted to keep this video centered on Technetium, I may make a similar one on Promethium since there are some slightly differing reasons.
@@TheChemNerd44Great video! You should see See the Pattern’s videos on Structured Atomic Model (SAM), which seeks physical explanation to such instabilities of atoms. Looking forward to your next video!
@@joonasmakinen4807 Thank you for your support!
I guess you could call it... an island of instability 😎
Perhaps… although such a term would require a fitting definition besides “the complement to the island of stability.”
I guess
The Trench of instability
@@TheChemNerd44maybe " a unstable element surrounded by stable elements"
@@TheChemNerd44 except compared to the surrounding area islands are small so a island of stability should be a sea of stability and th instability be an island in it. uitil the high elements were it reverses
midlife crisis element
Haha, I guess you could say that.
"Since protons tend to pair up to maintain stability"
Two protons together: "I feel like exploding"
Protons pair up within larger elements, I’m not talking about a Helium atom with no neutrons 😂
If the residual strong nuclear force were only 2% stronger, the diproton would be stable, or at least, have a positive binding energy. But it can stick around long enough for the weak nuclear force to turn one of the protons in a neutron rarely, which is enough to keep the Sun going.
I knew it was example
As I was watching this video I couldn't get past the music, then I realized that you were using a song from Outer Wilds
I’m glad you liked it. Hope you enjoyed the video!
Same, I was like "where have I heard this?... OH!"
You could comment on the medical uses of TC-99. Since it can decay by emitting a high energy gamma ray, it can be used in medical imaging, similar to an X-ray. The TC atom is bound to a compound that "sticks" to some part of the body that has medical interest, like a cancer cell, or a coronary artery, and then the gamma rays that are emitted can be detected to measure the presence of the target body part. After TC-99 decays, it becomes another metal element that the body can flush out and discard with other foreign components.
That's true, Technetium-99 has a lot of medical uses! Specifically, the metaphase Technetium-99m is used in a lot of radiation treatments.
I used to work with TC-99m, or tec as we called it. The most fascinating use of it is to take a sample of blood from a patient, separate the white blood cells out with a centrifuge, and tag those WBCs with tec and re-inject the patient to find an internal infection.
Very informative video! I never even knew what technetium was before this channel, and now I feel like I know all about it because of this video. Keep these types of videos of please, they are great!
Thank you so much for your feedback! I agree, Technetium isn't very popular in theory conversations, so I thought this video would be cool to make!
I remember briefly seeing it mentioned in the "What If?" xkcd book.
This is my favorite TH-cam video! The production quality rivals Hollywood blockbusters, and the plot is much better written too. 10/10 stars
Thank you so much for your feedback! I hope you enjoy the content!
Nice use of the Outer Wilds soundtrack :)
Glad you like the music!
Interestingly, I never heard of this element (other than seeing it on the chart, of course!) until about two months ago. Turns out doctors use it for checking things like kidney function, where the patient (me in this case) gets an injection of the stuff and then has to lay under a gamma-ray camera for about an hour to check how fast and to what extent the kidney pulls the substance from the blood. Pretty cool experience, all things considered. 😊
You're right, Technetium has a lot of medical uses! In addition to Technetium-99m being used as radiation medicine, it can also be used to observe internal organs!
Outer Wilds background music let's go
Glad you liked it! I hope you enjoyed the video!
This video is absolutely amazing. It's put together so well for any viewer to follow, even those who are not experts at chemistry. I have never heard of Technetium before this video, and now I feel like an expert. This is a masterpiece.
Thank you for your feedback! I have much more content that is similar to this!
OMG!!! this is the first time i know about technetium
Someone online finally explains it! I've been curious about this for so so so long. Thanks for the video!
No problem! I hope you enjoyed!
Maybe you could say... you where Curieous about Tc?
I was actually injected with Technetium(99m) to check my thyroid.
The Outer Wilds music on this is perfect
Glad you enjoyed!
I thought this was a fake element at first and thought I missed out on the latest science update. It has always been there and interestingly on my paper chart it has no mass listed like the other elements, likely because no stability. I was flabbergasted
Makes you wonder if there's any stable molecules of it. Sure there's some instability with the isotopes, but if the decay isn't too short there may be time to do chemistry. Similar to the muon version of hydrogen. On that subject, it does make me wonder if replacing some of the protons with anti muons would be a possible path of stability. Maybe an experiment for this would be a cold beam of Tc atoms being bombarded with anti muons.
That's a good process of thinking! Some of the molecules that exist include potassium pertechnetate (KTcO4), technetium chloride (TcCl6), and technetium sulfide (TcS2). However, I'm not sure if they're stable. I hope you enjoyed the video!
One of the more interesting effects of this is that it can make iron extremely corrosion resistant.
Is that so? I didn’t know that, thank you for the information!
Did you hear about the star that appears to have all the synthetic elements in its spectroscopy.
Indeed I have, I believe you're referring to Przybylski's Star... and it is very interesting. It has many radioactive elements in its spectroscopy, so perhaps that could be a topic that I cover! I hope you enjoyed the video!
This elements can exist naturally. It just decays so fast that we are unlikely to see them before they're gone.
Ah... the burned c-drive core dumpster star! 🤗
Great Video!!! I didn't know anything about technetium till today
Thanks for your feedback! It's not a super common topic, which is why I covered it in this video!
Interesting! I assumed there was SOME hanging around in nature, just in insignificant quantities so it was really hard to find…
Also, Molybdenum as a 5 syllable word? 😅
0:23 correction it technically does but in such low quantities and for brief amounts of times it's barely worth mentioning
An example are the rare TC rich stars normally red giants
There's also Przybylski's star which is it's own rabbit hole
I guess that depends on what you define as nature. But yes, you're correct, it is synthesized in stars without human interference.
Great video, well done!
Thank you for your support!
molybdenum is pronounced "muh lib de nim"
It's all subjective... although I've heard both pronunciations.
I always thought technetium was tech-net-ium but who knows...
That's the only way I've heard it pronounced since undergrad chemistry in the 80s. I think any metallurgist would wince at the pronunciation here. But maybe I'm just too old. Everything seems "subjective" these days. Just say it however you want! 😣
It's funny, "moly b denum" is how I say it in my head to remember how to spell it! But I do pronounce it "mo lib dnumb".
No, it is "Molly Be Darned." (From an old film where they taught the children to say it that way so they didn't have to say a bad word)
Yo, just wanted to swing by and give props to your chem channel! Your videos are like a breath of fresh air in the world of science content. Keep dropping those knowledge bombs, you're making chemistry rad!
Thank you so much! I hope you enjoy my content, and I’m always open to suggestions!
255 subs and this high quality content?? you deserve so much more.
Thank you for your kind words! I hope that you enjoy the content… and I’m always open to suggestions!
Maybe the fact that the audio is a little muffled/unclear on my mobile, may hold an explanation, if others are experiencing the same ?
@@WideCuriosity Audio is something that I'm looking to improve, I'm actually without a microphone 😆
Once we discover Technetium crystals we will have Warp Drive!
Really great video... feels like a mini-movie. I'm here to stick around if the content is this good.
Thank you! A "mini-movie" is exactly what I was aiming for. I hope this was informative and helpful!
There’s two proton numbers (in the lower section of the periodic table) that have no stable isotopes - but there are *12* neutron numbers for which there are no isotones. This has struck me as very curious ever since I noticed it a couple of months ago. Any information on why this might be the case?
Great question! Could you share with me the neutron numbers, and then perhaps I can give you my analysis?
@@TheChemNerd44 For N = 19, 21, 35, 39, 45, 61, 71, 84, 89, 109, 115, 123, and all N >=127 (the last being relatively trivial and uninteresting), there are no stable nuclides. They’re like anti-magic. Oddly, to me at least, 43 (43-Technetium) is not on the list, while 61 (61-Promethium) is. Source: IAEA Nuclear Data Section Isotope Browser App (available on both Android and Apple).
@@Tara_Li I will do some research into this, and I will either make a post in my Community Tab, or perhaps this will get its own video. I also regret not discussing the Mattauch isobar rule in this video, which may play a role. Keep your eyes open for my response!
@@TheChemNerd44 Will do!
Lovin the Outer Wilds music
Thank you for your support!
Holy shit the nomai
Is this Outer Wilds music?
Yeah, it's an Outer Wilds soundtrack. I hope you enjoyed it!
Does the half life differ for each isotope and what are they?
The half-life does differ for each isotope. If you're interested on the specific half-lives, the information is on ptable.com
@@TheChemNerd44 Thanks for that, i didn't know about ptable.
i subbed now i will never fail my chemistry tests
Thank you so much for your support! I hope you enjoyed the video!
@@TheChemNerd44 yay i got a response
I have a sample of lead that USED to be Technetium, I think.
It all depends on how long a half-life you need to consider an isotope "stable". E.g. Xenon-124 has a half-life of 1.8x10²² years and Bismuth-209 2x10^19 years, would you consider them stable?
Elements that have isotopes that never decay are considered stable. It’s not subjective at all; if an isotope decays radioactively, it’s unstable.
@@TheChemNerd44 No such thing as "never"!! You didn't read or understand my comment. Bismuth-209 was considered to be stable but it is radioactive with a half life of twenty trillion years. Is that long enough for you to say "never"?
@@TheChemNerd44 A British trillion was 10^18 but a US trillion is 10^12, so to be more definite Bismuth-209 has a half-life of 20 million million million years (= 2x10^19y). Would you consider that stable?
@@karhukivi If it decays, then it’s unstable. It’s not a matter of “if I consider it”. It decays, so it’s unstable.
@@TheChemNerd44 It is quite likely that all elements and all their isotopes are unstable, just a question of how long the half-life is. I'm wondering if you understand that a very long half life implies a very slow decay rate? For example the term "observationally stable" is applied to Au-197 because a decay hasn't been observed (yet) and that can be due to a very long half-life.
Molly Bedennum
It is pronounced that way… but yes it has a funny pronunciation 😂
Three syllables, not 4
@@cm5754 Even if you choose to pronounce it Mol-ib-den-um, it is still 4 syllables.
Very true - I was off by one. So 4 instead of 5.
What about in an alloy? Use other atoms as stabilization.
There are compounds that contain Technetium... but are they truly stable until the end of time? That's a question I cannot answer, as I do not hold the information. But I'm sure some research could answer your question!
huge underrated！！
Thanks for your feedback! I hope you like the videos
Technetium, the Porygon of the periodic table.
Haha, you could say that. I hope you enjoyed the video!
What about the Mattauch rule?
Not sure what you're referencing... but I'll do some research.
Actually I do know what you mean, and yes, you're right! Molybdenum and Ruthenium sort of "steal" all of the stable isotopes from Technetium in that way.
Aaaaaand its an instant sub from me. We need more of my fellow Chemist and ChemE brothers on YT.
Thank you for your support! I hope you enjoyed the video!
I’m more than just a hole
Haha… I guess so. Hope you enjoyed the video!
FIRE IN THE HOLE 🗣️🗣️🗣️🗣️🔥🔥🔥🔥
Love seeing Technetium finally getting some love, but that pronunciation of “Molybdenum” is like nails on a chalkboard to me.
It has different pronunciations depending on your accent/region.
FIRE IN THE HOLE 🗣️🗣️🗣️🗣️🔥🔥🔥🔥
underrated
Thank you for your support! I hope you like the video!
@@TheChemNerd44 man im not even that big of a chemistry nerd but please never stop you've got that motivation to content creation that ive been trying to find since i was in elementary school
@@submaryne3518 I appreciate your feedback! I have no plans to stop making chemistry videos, so I hope you enjoy them!
That nomai music :'(
Are you sure it’s not “mol-LIB-deh-num”?
The reported discovery in 1925 was wrong. It was actually discovered in 1937. We didn't have the ability to synthesize elements before that.
Your statement isn’t fully true. A discovery of Technetium was reported in 1925, but the experiment was not able to be replicated successfully. The confirmed discovery with reproducible results was indeed 1937, but we will never know if 1925 was a real discovery or not. I used that date for the purposes of this video solely to explain that it is manmade, and first reported as such in 1925.
@@TheChemNerd44 Oh okay, well you might want to clarify something like that rather than leave it implied that 1925 is the accepted discovery date
@@Norsilca Noted, thank you for your feedback.
You are technically a chemical, the best kind of chemical.
Thank you for your support! I hope you enjoyed the video!
Moe-leb-duh-num
Or
Muh-leb-duh-num
For the algorithm 🔥🔥
Haha… thanks for watching!
❤❤
Glad that you enjoyed the video!
Museum OTS
Another notable hole occurs in 61 . . . Promethium.
By the way your voice appears severely blurred in this video.
That might be on your end, considering that the audio on this video was pretty good quality. However I may not have the required setup to accommodate all devices. Don’t worry, I’m getting a mic.
@TheChemNerd44
I've checked with some of your other videos, and your voice sounds similarly blurred. It appears like you were quite distant from the microphone.
@@peterchan6082 Again, as I previously stated, my setup is not yet able to accommodate for all devices. Audio quality will be improved in the near future.
@@TheChemNerd44
Great to hear that 👍
1:40 Speak clearly
200th łike
Thank you for your support!
Need to pronounce molybdenum correctly: muh-LIB-duh-num.
It has multiple pronunciations depending on your accent/region.
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